SYNOPSIS POT

A
=
( s − b )( s − c ) A
=
s (s − a) A ( s − b )( s − c ) =
sin cos tan =
2 bc 2 bc 2 s (s − a) s(s − a)

B
=
( s − c )( s − a ) B
=
s ( s − b) B ( s − c )( s − a ) =
sin cos tan =
2 ca 2 ca 2 s ( s − b) s(s − b)

sin
C
=
( s − a )( s − b ) cos
C
=
s (s − c)
tan
C
=
( s − a )( s − b ) =
2 ab 2 ab 2 s (s − c) s(s − c)

A B C A B C
r= , r = ( s − a ) tan = ( s − b ) tan = ( s − c ) tan , r = 4 R sin sin sin
s 2 2 2 2 2 2
B C A A B C
r1 = a cos cos r1 = s tan r1 = 4 R sin cos cos
s−a 2 2 2 2 2 2
r1 =
A
cos
2
A C B A B C
r2 = c cos cos r2 = s tan r2 = 4 R cos sin cos
s −b 2 2 2 2 2 2
r2 =
B
cos
2
A B C A B C
r3 = c cos cos r3 = s tan r3 = 4 R cos cos sin
s−c 2 2 2 2 2 2
r3 =
C
cos
2

I.Length of the median, bisector and altitude:

1. length of the bisector through the angle A, is
2bc A abc A 2 A
cos or cos ec or cos ec
b+c 2 2 R(b + c) 2 (b + c) 2
2bc A
2. Length of external angular bisector of angle A is sin and
b−c 2
2ab C
the length of external angular bisector of angle C is sin
a−b 2
1 1 2
3. length of the median through A, is 2b 2 + 2c 2 − a 2 or b + c 2 + 2ab cos A
2 2
2 2 2
4. length of the altitude through A, B and C are respectively , and
a b c

II) M-N theorem and some standard results

BD m
1) In a triangle ABC, D is any point on BC such that = , BAD = , CDA = , CAD = then
DC n
i) ( m + n ) cot = m cot − n cot
ii) ( m + n ) cot = n cot B − m cot C

2) Let P be any point inside a triangle ABC such that OAB = OBC = OCA = w then
i) cot w = cot A + cot B + cot C
ii) cos ec 2 w = co ec 2 A + cos ec 2 B + cos ec 2C

4) a) If cosA +2 cosB +cosC = 2 then sides are in A P

b) a 2 , b 2 , c 2 are in A P then cotA, cotB and cotC are in AP
A B C
c) If a, b and c are in AP then cot , cot , cot are in AP
2 2 2
sin A sin ( A − B )
d) If in a triangle ABC, = , then a 2 , b 2 , c 2 are in A P
sin C sin ( B − C )
e) If r1 , r2 , r3 are in H P then the sides are in A P

III. Distance between the centres and the sides and vertices:
1a. Distance between Orthocentreand the vertices A, B and C are 2R cos A, 2RcosB and 2RcosC
1b. Distance between Orthocentre and the sides BC, CA and AB are respectively 2 R cos B cos C ,
2 R cos C cos A and 2 R cos A cos B

2a, Distance between the Incentre and the vertices A,B and C are respectively
r B C r B A r A C
= 2R sin Sin , = 2R sin Sin and = 2R sin Sin
A 2 2 C 2 2 B 2 2
sin sin sin
2 2 2
2 2 2
4b. Distance between centroid and the sides BC, CA and AB are respectively , and
3a 3b 3c

IV. Distance between the centres:

A B C
1. Distance between its incentre and circumcentre is = R 2 − 2rR = R 1 − 8 sin sin sin
2 2 2
2. The distance between the circum – centre and the orthocentre of a triangle ABC
If R 1 − 8cos A cos B cos C
3. Distance between its incentre and orthocenter, is = 2r 2 − 4 R 2 cos A cos B cos C
a 2 + b2 + c2
4. Distance between the circumcenter and the centroid is OG, then ( OG ) = R 2 −
2

V. Types of triangle:
cos A cos B cos C
1. If = = then the triangle ABC is an equilateral triangle.
a b c
2. If tan A + tan B + tan C = 3 3 then the triangle is an equilateral triangle.
3
3. If cos A + cos B + cos C = , then the triangle is an equilateral triangle.
2
6. If sin 2 A + sin 2 B + sin 2 C = 2 or cos 2 A + cos 2 B + cos 2 C = 1 or a 2 + b 2 + c 2 = 8 R 2 then the triangle is right
angled triangle COS 2 A + COS 2 B + COS 2C = −1
7. b cos B = a cos A then the triangle is isosceles or right triangle
8. If b cos A = a cos B , then the triangle is isosceles

VI. Height (altitude)

 2 2
h1 , h 2 & h 3 are the lengths of the altitudes drawn from the vertices A, B and C, and h1 = , h2 =
a b
2
and h 3 = then
b
1 1 1 1
a) + + =
h1 h 2 h 3 r
−1 1 1 1
b) + + =
h1 h 2 h 3 r1

VII. Area:
Area of the triangle ABC,
1 1 1
= ab sin C = bc sin A = ca sin B
2 2 2
= s ( s − a )( s − b )( s − c )
abc
= = 2R 2 sin A sin Bsin C
4R
abc a+b+c
= rr1r2 r3 = rs R = , S=
4 2

A B C
= 8 R 2 cos cos cos
2 2 2

VIII.
Properties of Triangle:
1 The reflection of the orthocenter with respect to any side of the triangle lies on the circum circle
2. If H is the orthocenter of a triangle ABC then C, A, B are the orthocenter of triangles GAB, GBC,
GCA respectively
4. The orthocenter of a triangle is same as the incenter of its pedal triangle.
5. If D,E,F are the feet of the altitudes of a triangle ABC then A, B, C are the excentres of the
R
triangle DEF. and the circumradius of triangle DEF is
2
6. If AD is the altitude of a right angled triangle ABC with A = then AD2 = BD. DC
2
7. Ptolemy’s theorem: In a cyclic quadrilateral ABCD, AC.BD = AB.CD + BC.AF i.e., in a cyclic
quadrilateral the product of diagonals is equal to the sum of the product of the lengths of the
opposite sides,
8. In any right angled triangle, the orthocenter coincides with the vertex containing the right angled.
9. The mid – point of the hypotenuse of a right angled triangle is equidistant from the 3 vertices of
the triangle.
10. The mid point of the hypotenuse of the right angled triangle is the circum – centre of the
triangle.
IX. Formulae based on r and R
1. a cot A + b cot B + c cot C = 2 ( R + r )
r R
2. cos A + cos B + cos C = 1 + 2
R r

X. Results related to ex-radii

1. r1r2 r3 r = 2

2. r1r2 + r2 r3 + r3 r1 = s 2
3. r1 + r2 + r3 = 4R + r

XI. Solving some of the standard triangles

b2 + c2 − a 2 a 2 + c2 − b2 a 2 + b2 − c2
9. cot A = , cot B = , cot C =
4 4 4
10. In a triangle ABC, angles A,B and C are in AP and the sides a,b and c are in GP then the triangle is
equilateral triangle.