SOLUTION OF TRIANGLE

EXERCISE - 01 CHECK YOUR GRASP

 4R 2 sin 2 A 4R 2 sin 2 B 4R 2 sin 2 C  A

4.      sin 2 1 1
11. Area(ADC) = b.x , Area( BCD )  x.a
 sin A sin B sin C  2 2
A
= 4R 2 (sin A  sin B  sin C ) sin C
2 1
A A   x(b  a) 
= 16R 2  cos . sin  2R 2 sin A.sin B.sin C 2
2 2 b a
x
= 2R 2 abc  abc  
x
2 A B
8R 3 4R  x D
ab
1 1 1
5.  p1 .a  p 2 . b  p 3 .c A
2 2 2 15. A
1 1 1 p1 b
  c
p1 p 2 p 3 p2 p3

O C'
a  b  c 2(s  c) B a C
  A
2 2
B C
( a + b + c = 2s) D E
A 1  cos A According to question.
6. tan 2  A
2 1  cos A
OD = C'E
c c
b
1
 b  b c  2Rcos Bcos C = R cos A
c bc B a C
1  2 cos Bcos C = – cos (B + C)
b
8. a + b + c = 2s  s = 2a ( cos A = cos ( – (B + C))
Applying half angle formulae.
B C (s) (s  b) (s) (s  c) – cos(B  C )
cot . cot = . 2 =  tan B. tan C = 3.
2 2 (s  a) (s  c) (s  a )(s  b) cos B.cos C
s
= 2 abc 
sa  R r1 
10. Area of  BAD B 16. r
4 s a
s
= 3 Area of   BCD 3 2 a3 ( 3 / 4)a 2 3
a R 2
r1   a
a 3a a/2 2
1 x r 4  4.
3a 2 3 4 3a
 × AD × x 75°  60° r1 
2 A
D
C 2 a 2a 2 3
R 
1 AD 3 3 2 3
= 3 × × DC × x  
2 DC 1
Applying m – n theorem Hence r, R, r1 are in A.P.
( 3 + 1) cot  = cot 75° – 3 cot 60°
3 1   
17. Using r1  , r2  , r3 
( 3 + 1) cot  = –1 (s  a) (s  b) (s  c)
3 1
2
( 3 + 1) cot  = (2s  (a  b))(2s  (b  c))(2s  (c  a))
3 1 we get
3
2 2 1
cot  = = = = –(2– 3) KR 3 64R 3 KR 3
( 3  1)2 4 2 3 2 3 abc
 
 3 
 (abc)2 (abc) 2
(abc) 2
cot  = cot 105°
  = 105°   ADB = 75° hence K = 64
 ABD = 30°
  1 Using m – n theorem
s a s a 3cot = 2cotB – cotC ..... (i)
20. = 3cot(  ) = cotB – 2cotC ......(ii)
2 1
 (s  a)(s  b)  (s  a)(s  b) add (i) & (ii)
cotB = cotC ..... (iii)
1 3cot = cotB (using (i) & (iii))
s a 1  A  3tanB = tan
= =    tan
s(s  c) (s  a) s 2 3cot = cotC (using (i) & (iii))
 2  3tanC = tan
Draw a perpendicular line from A joning mid point
A B C of BC. It is median as ABC is isosceles
( r = (s – a)tan  (s  b) tan  (s  c) tan )
2 2 2 A
24. A B = 90 
2
A 2 A
 3 cot  tan   9 cot  tan 2 
2 2
A
2 tan
2  6 tan 
  No w tan A  A tan 2   9
B D E C 1  tan 2
2

EXERCISE - 02 BRAIN TEASERS

4. Hint : B 6. C
x y
+ =1
6 8
8 b=26 a=10
p
O
6 A 16–x
A 16 x
C A B M H B
4 sin . sin . sin . c = 32
2 2 2
In  AHC p2 + (16 + x)2 = (26)2 ...(i)
C   A  B  A  B
= 2 sin cos    cos   In  BCH p2 + (16 – x)2 = (10)2 ...(ii)
2   2   2  
from (i) & (ii)
 A  B  A – B C  (16 + x)2 – (16 – x)2 = (26)2 – (10)2
= 2 cos   .cos   –2sin 2  (32) (2x) = (36) (16)
2 2 2
 x = 9.
C A
( 1 – cos C = 2sin2 ) 9. Draw parellelogram OBDC.
2 OE = ED & as
= cos A + cos B + cos C – 1 6
OC 2 = OD2 + DC 2, 5 4

Aliter : ODC is a 8 O 10
3
right angled (6,8,10) B C
A r 3E
 sin 2  4R  Area of ADC 8
D
1
A 1 =  8  12  48
  sin 2  [ r : R = 2 : 5] 2
10
1
EDC =  3  8  12
C 1 2
5. cos  C
2 3 Area AEC = Area ADC – Area EDC
2ba C = 48 – 12 = 36
 (CD) = 6 = .cos
a Area AEC = 36  Area ABC = 72
ba 2 b 6
10. Hint : 2R .cos B. cos C = 2r = OD
1 1  1
a  b  9 A B C
A B  R cos B. cos C = 4R . sin .sin .sin
  D
2 2 2
 A PerimeterDEF R (sin 2 A  sin 2B  sin 2C )
13. PerimeterABC = abc
O O(orthocentre)
4 sin A.sin B.sin C
=
r I(incentre) 2(sin B  sin A  sin C )
I 4  8(  sin A / 2)(  cos A / 2)
r =
2  4(  cos A / 2)
B D C
r A
A B  A = (r = 4R  sin )
 cos2B = 4sin . sin2 (use B =  ) R 2
2 2 2 2 15. (r1 – r) (r2 – r) (r3 – r)
B         
11. cosA + cosC = 4sin2 =         
2 s a s s b s s c s 
A C A C 2 B
 cos   .cos  2   2 sin 2  3 abc  abc 
 2    =  R  4  
s 2 . 2
A C
 2 cos 2  
 2   abc
= · · 4 = 4r2R
s2 4 
A C 
cos   C
  2   2  cot A .cot C  2  1 16. CAB = ABE E
43°
A C 1 2 2 2 1 =  ACF = 43°
cos 129°
T
2
43° 94° 86° 43°
CHB = 86° {exterior A B
A B C A B C H
cot  cot  cot  cot cot cot angle of  ACH}
2 2 2 2 2 2
 ETH = 129° F
A C B
 cot  cot  2 cot {exterior angle of THB}
2 2 2

EXERCISE - 03 MISCELLANEOUS TYPE QUESTIONS

Tr ue/False :
b2  c 2  a 2 1
1. True cos A  
2bc 2

a a A  60  or 120°
Fill in the blank :
1. tan A = K
tan B = 2K

2. False, R sin 2B < 0 is possible in obtuse angle . tan C = 3K

2 2 2   tan A   tan A
3. True, p1 = , p2 = , p3 =
a b c
 6 K = 6K3  1 = K2  K = 1
2 2 2
, , are in A.P.. 1 2 3
a b c  sin A = , sin B = , sin C =
2 5 10
 a, b, c are in H.P.
1 2 3
4. True, a4 + b4 + c4 – 2a2c2 – 2a2b2 + b2c2 = 0  sin A : sin B : sin C = : :
2 5 10
(a2 – b2 – c2)2 = b2c2  a2 – b2 – c2 = ± bc
= 5 :2 2 :3
a2 – b2 – c2 = ± bc
 b2 2  c2 2  a 2 2 
2. 2 2 (C) .  .  .
3 c a a b b c
 a 3  b3  c3 
A = 2  
5 abc
5 9  c2  4 3 5c a 3  b3  c 3
cosA =   = 5 + c2 Now,  abc (AM  GM)
2 2 2.3c 2 3
3 a 3  b3  c 3
 c2 – 10 c + 5 = 0 3
2 abc
 3 3 3
 2 .  a  b  c   6.
 2c2 – 3c 10  10  0 
 abc 
1
 c= 10 , 10 a 2
2
(D) p1–2 =
1 4 2
 k1 & k2 = 1 &
2
Assertion & Reason :
3. A

2. Perimeter = 10a sin
5
O O
90 /5
°–B
f a
90°–A
B C
a/2
a
tan A = 2asin /5
2f
b  
tan B = For n sided polygon, perimeter =  2a sin  × n
2g  n
c Hence statement II is false
tan C =
2h
1 1 1 1
Now  tan A   tan A 4.   
r1 r2 r3 r
a abc AM  HM
 2f =
8fgh r1  r2  r3 3 r1  r2  r3
   9.
a abc 1 3 1 1 1 r
 
 f = 4fgh  K =
4 r1 r2 r3

Match the column : Comprehension # 1 :

2 2 2 Bn O
Use p1 = , p2  , p3 
a b c
3 R
1. (A)  3
p 1 p 2 p 3 (HM  GM) An
1 1 1
 
p1 p2 p3 A B
D
cos A cos B cos C In  OAD
(B) + +
p1 p2 p3
 
a cos A  b cos B  c cos C OD = Rcos , AD = R sin
= n n
2
R (sin 2A  sin 2B  sin 2C ) An= Area of circle (circumscribing polygon)
=
2 – Area of polygon
( a = 2R sin A)
n  2
R.4.sin A.sin B.sin C 4R abc 1 An = R2 – R2 sin  n 
= = .  2  
3
2 2 8 R R
Bn = Area of polygon - Area of circle (Inscribed)
 n  2   n 2
 sin
Bn = R sin   – R2 cos2  n 
2
An 2 n
2 n   3. =
Bn n  2 
1. If n = 6 then sin    .cos 2
2  n  n
3 3 2 put  = n
An = R2 – R
2
2   sin 2 
2. If n = 4 then value of we gets
sin 2   2  cos 2 
2
R  4  
Bn = 2R2 – = R2     sin .cos    sin . cos 
2 2 
= =
sin .cos   .cos  2 cos (sin    cos )

EXERCISE - 04[A] CONCEPTUAL SUBJECTIVE EXERCISE

2. LHS = 2R( sin A cos B cos C] 6. A b
C
{ sin(A + B + C)
c a/2
= sin A cos B cos C – sin A sin B sin C = 0 D
a/2
 sin A cos B cos C = sin A sin B sin C}
B
LH S = 2R sin A sin B sin C In ACD

2b
 a  b  c  abc 1 1  cos C =
= 2R    =    a
 2R  2R  2R  4 R R R

a 2  b 2  c 2 2b
abc s(s  a) s(s  b) s(s  c)  =  a2 – c2 = 3b2
· · 2ab a
4. LHS =
s bc ac ab
b 2  c 2  a 2 2b
abc s  cos A . cos C = ×
· 2bc a
= = 
s abc

5. B = 3C  sinB = sin3C a 2  c 2  3c 2  3a 2 2(c 2  a 2 )

= =
3ac 3ac
sin B b
  3  4 sin 2 C 
sin C c
1 1 1 sa sbsc s 1
8.  
b r1 r2 r3 = 
= =
 r
3 – 4sin2C = A + B + C = 
c
A =  – 4C 11. AFHE is a cyclic quadrilateral
A
b A  AH = 2R . cos A
 3 – 4(1 – cos2C) =   2C
c 2 2 R1 = R . cos A
F E
bc A R2 = R. cos B H
 4cos 2 C = sin =cos2C
c 2
R3 = R. cos C C
bc 2
B D
 cos C = = 2cos C – 1 Substituting values
4c
2(b  c) R1 = R(cos A + cos B + cos C)
= –1
4c
 A B C 
A bc = R  4.sin sin .sin  1 = R + r..
sin   2 2 2 
2 2c
12. A B B
BDF = BFD =  DFI =
2 2
C
D E Similarly IFE =
 B 2
2 2 I
B C  A
  DFE = = 
2 2 2
B C
rcotB/2 F Similarly

Applying sine rule in  DBF  C  C

DEF   & EDF  
2 2 2 2
r.cot B / 2 DF
= B C A
cos B / 2 sin B Ar (DEF) = 2r2 cos . cos . cos
2 2 2
B
2r cos = DF (s)(s  b) s(s  c) (s)(s  a)
2 = 2r2
ac ab bc
Similarly

C A 2rs  r2s
2r cos = EF and 2r cos  DE = = .
2 2 abc 2R

EXERCISE - 04[B] BRAIN STORMING SUBJECTIVE EXERCISE

sin 2 A / 2 sin 2 B / 2 sin 2 C / 2   1

1. To prove that  , , Now sin C = sin    = (sin  + cos )
sin 2A sin 2B sin 2C 4  2

are in H.P.
3 2
sin 2A sin 2B sin 2C using (i), we get sin C =
or , , are in A.P.. 2 5 2 3
sin 2 A / 2 sin 2 B / 2 sin 2 C / 2
Now applying sine law in  ADC we get,
sin 2A 2 sin A.cos A
Now = = 4 cot A/2 cosA AD DC
sin 2 A / 2 sin 2 A / 2 =
sin C sin 45
put cos A = 1 – 2 sin2A/2

sin 2A  A  1 2 5 2 3 1
we get = 4  cot  sin A   DC = × .
2
sin A / 2 2 11  6 3 3 2 2

then,
use half angle formulae to prove terms are in A.P. 5 2 3
= = 1
11  6 3 7  4 3
A
4.
Hence, DC = BD = 1 so BC = 2
30° 45°
A B C
r1 4R sin cos cos
 5. = 2 2 2
B D C bc (2R sin B )(2R sin C )

Applying m - n theorem we get A B C

4R sin
cos cos
2 2 2
2 cot  = cot 30° – cot 45° =  B C B C
 tan  = 3 + 1 ...(i) 4R 2  4 sin sin cos cos 
 2 2 2 2
 b
A 2 A  r (r < 1) [Given]
sin sin 2 c
1 2 2
=  1 1
4R A B C r Now  = ap = bc sin A
sin sin sin
2 2 2 2 2
A B C bc  ar   1  r 2  bc
sin 2  sin 2  sin 2  p = sin A =     sinA
r1 r2 r3 2 2 2 a 1  r 2   ar  a
So,   
bc ca ab r
ar  1  b 2 / c 2  bc
= sinA
1 (1  r 2 )  b 
 a
(3  (cos A  cos B  cos C)) a.
 c 
2
r
ar  c2  b2  bc sin A ar  c2  b2 
=   =   sinA
 A B C 1  r 2  abc  a 1  r 2  a2 

3   1  4 sin 2 sin 2 sin 2   ar  sin 2 C  sin 2 B 
 
=   sinA
2r 1  r2 sin 2 A
 A B C  r ar
2  4 sin 2 sin 2 sin 2  2  R  1 1 =
1  r2
(sin (C – B))
      
2r 2r r 2R ar
p [ sin(C – B)  1]
1  r2
10. C
13.
R /n
C/2 C/2

 D
A B B+C/2
A B
D C/2
 = R . sin /n = AD A
E
n 2 Applying sine law in BDE
A1 = R2 sin
2 n
C
 sin  ac 
B1 = nR tan 2 2 = sin A ...(i)  BD  a  b 
n DE ac  
Replacing n by 2n we get a b
sine law in CBE

A2 = nR2 sin sin(B  C / 2) sin A
n = ...(ii)
CE a

B2 = 2nR2 tan  divide (i) & (ii)
2n
 C
A1B1 = n2R 4sin 2
= A 22 sin CE a  b
n 2 = .a
Now,  C DE ac
sin  B  
1 1 1 cos  / n  2
 = +
A2 B1 nR .sin  / n nR 2 .sin  / n
2
a b  C C
1 2 CE .2 sin  B   .cos
c  2  2
= = . =
nR 2 . tan  / 2n B2 DE sin C
12. A a  b sin(B  C )  sin B
= .
c sin C
b c a  b sin A  sin B
= .
p c sin C
CE (a  b) 2
C a B = .
DE c
EXERCISE - 5 PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS
1. To prove that 162  2s . abc 100  36  c 2
cos C 
abc 2.10.6
 (s – a) (s – b) (s – c)  c = 14
8
s  a  x  x  y  c 
 r =
Let s  b  y  y  z  a s
s  c  z  z  x  b a  b  c 10  6  14
 s   15
Applying AM  GM 2 2
2
x + y  2 xy .......(i)  r = 3  r = 3

y + z  2 yz .......(ii) a 2  b2  c2
(c) cosC =
2ab
z + x  2 zx .......(iii)
Multiplying (i), (ii) & (iii) 3 (x 2  x  1)2  (x 2  1)2  (2 x  1)2

(x + y) (y + z) (z + x)  8(x y z) 2 2(x 2  x  1)(x 2  1)
abc  x 4 (2  3)  x3 (2  3)  3x2  x(2  3)  ( 3  1)  0
 (s – a) (s – b) (s – c).
8  (x 2  1)[(2  3 )x 2  (2  3 )x  ( 3  1)]  0
n  2 
3. Hint : put In = .sin    x 2  x  1  x 2  1  2x  1
2  n  
Now  x 2  x  1  2x  1  x 2  1 ( sum of
 
& put On = n tan   . 2x  1  x 2  1  x 2  x  1
n 
7. Applying sine-law in ABC two sides is greater than third side)
 x > 1  x = 1 3
4 2 2  Alternate :
=  sin  =
sin  sin 30 2
 (s  b)(s  a)
tan 
  = 45°, 135° 12 s(s  c)
C 3x  1
s  x2  ,
2 2 =45° 2
3(x  1) x 1 (x  1)
105° 30° sb  ,s  a  , s  c  x2 
A B 2 2 2
15° 30°
3 x  1
2 2 =135°
 2
 x  1
2
tan 
C' 12  2 3x  1  2 x  1 
Area of ABC – Area AC'B  x  2  x  2 
  
1 Simiplying
= × 2 2 × 4 (sin 105° – sin 15°)
2
3
2 3 
= 4 2 × 2 cos 60° sin 45° 2x  1
1 1 x  3 1
= 4 2× 2 × × = 4.
2 2 2 sin P  2 sin P cos P (1  cos P )
9. 
8 . ( b )   15 3 2 sin P  2 sin P cos P (1  cos P )
2
AC B  90  A 2  (s  b) (s  c) 
2
= tan = 2 =
2
r = ? 2 s (s  a) 2 2
s = 4
1
 = 10.6.sinC = 15 3 2
2  7  5 
  4   4     3 
2

3   2  2   
sin C  
    4 
2
C = 120°