SOLUTIONS OF TRIANGLE

EXERCISE-I

Solution1:

We know, for a regular polygon of n sides having each side length equal to a units
2
a 
Area of circumcircle  R    cos ec 
2

2 n

2
a 
Area of incircle  r 2    cot 
2 n

a 2  2  2  a 2
Thus, difference in areas  R 2  r 2   cosec  cot  
4  n n 4

Since, it depends only on side length and not on number of sides,

Therefore, A1  A 2

Solution2:

cos A cos B  sin A sin Bsin 2C  cos A cos B  sin A sin B

 1  cos  A  B 
 cos  A  B   1

 A  B and C 
2

Hence, it is a right angled isosceles triangle.

Solution3:

Let the circle inscribed in ABC touches AB at D, BC at E and CA at F respectively.

 
AD  5  AF, BD  3  BE and A 
3

Let CE  CF  x

Applying cosine rule,

b2  c2  a 2
cos A 
2bc
1  5  x   64   3  x 
2 2

 
2 16  5  x 

 8  5  x   4x  80
 x  10

 BC  3  x  13 where [.] is a greatest integer function.

Solution4:

c  a  b, b  c  a,a  b  c are all positive. Therefore,

1/3
2a 2b 2c  8abc 
   3  ...(i)
bca ca b a bc   b  c  a  c  a  b  a  b  c  

Also, a 2  a 2   b  c   a 2   a  b  c  a  b  c 
2

Similarly, b 2   b  c  a  b  c  a  and c2   c  a  b  c  a  b 

 a 2 b 2 c2   a  b  c   b  c  a   c  a  b 
2 2 2

 abc   a  b  c  b  c  a  c  a  b 
abc
 1
 c  a  b  a  b  c  b  c  a 

So, from (i), we have

2a 2b 2c
  6
bca ca b a bc
Solution5:

AC  b, AB  c, BC  a and R is the radius of the circle

AD = c sin B
In APQ,
PQ
 2R  AD  csin B
sin A
 b  
 PQ  csin Bsin A  c   sin A 
 2R  R

Solution6:
Clearly, DEF is a pedal triangle.
 EF  R sin 2A, DE  R sin 2C, DF  R sin 2B
EF FD DE Rsin2A R sin 2 B R sin 2C
    
a b c a b c
2R sin A cos A 2 R sinBcosB 2 R sin C cos C
  
a b c
 cos A  cos B  cos C
A B C
 1  4sin sin sin
2 2 2
r
 1
R

Solution7:

Let the side length of hexagon be a units

    side 
We know, sin   
2 2R

Where,  = Angle subtended by one side of inscribed polygon

 R = circum radius

360
For dodecagon,    30
12
3 1  3 1 
 sin15   R    

 2  r   2sin15 

360
For hexagon,    60
6
a
 sin 30 
 3 1 
2  
 2sin15 
 a 2

Solution8:

From cosine rule, we have

 c 2  2bccos A  b2  a 2  0

Let c1 and c2 be the roots of the above equation

Sum of the roots = c1  c 2  2b cos A

bc1 sin A  bc2 sin A b  c1  c 2  sin A

Now, sum of area of two triangles,   1   2  
2 2

b 2 sin 2A
   b 2 cos A sin A 
2

Solution9:

Let r be the radius of the circle.

Area of circle, A1  r 2

2r
Length of one side of a regular polygon of n sides   k  say 
n

nk 2  r  
2 2
 Area of the polygon, A 2  cot    cot  
4 n n n
 r 2 2   
 A1 : A 2  r 2 : cot    tan   :
n n n n

Solution10:

1 1 1
Area of ABC,   ap1  bp 2  cp3
2 2 2

2 2 2
 p1  , p2  , p3 
a b c

2  2  2  8 3
 p1p 2 p3  . . 
a b c abc

abc
We have, R   abc  4R
4

8 3 8 3 2  2
 p1p 2 p3   
abc 4R R

Solution11:

6
2R  12  R 

arc  AB   R
6
 3   



2
4 2 5
Similarly,      and   
6 3 6
ar  ABC   ar  OAB   ar  OBC   ar  OAC 
1 2 1 1
 R sin   R 2 sin   R 2 sin 
2 2 2
 1   2 5 
  R 2  sin  sin  sin 
2  2 3 6 
1 36  3 1  18  3  3 
  2  1     
2   2 2  2  2 


9 3  3 1 sq.units
2

Solution12:
b  b  c   a 2  bc  a 2  b 2
 sin B.sin C  sin 2 A  sin 2 B
 sin B.sin C  sin C.sin  A  B 
 sin B  sin  A  B 
 2B  A
Similarly, c(c  a)  b 2  2C  B
Using A  B  C   , we get
4 2 
A , B , C
7 7 7

4 2 
cos A.cos B.cos C  cos .cos .cos
7 7 7
8
sin
 7 1
 8
8sin
7

Solution13:

C  96
180  96
A  B   42
2
In ABC ,
AB AC

sin 96 sin 42
  2sin 48 cos 48  
 AB  AC     2AC sin 48 ...(1)
 cos 48 
In ABD ,
AB AD

sin132 sin 30
 AB  2AD sin132  2AD sin 48 ...(ii)
From (i) and (ii), we get
AC  AD
180  24
ADC   78
2

Solution14:
In ABC ,
A B C
r  4R sin sin sin ...(1)
2 2 2
r 1
Given,  ...(2)
R 8
From (1) and (2), we get
A B C 1   AB  A  B  C 1
2sin sin sin    cos    cos    sin 
2 2 2 16   2   2  2 16
Substituting A  B  120 ,
2
1 C C 1 1 C C 1
  sin  sin     sin   0  sin 
2 2 2 16 4 2 2 4
C 7
 cos C  1  2sin 2 
2 8
7
1
1  cos C 8  15
Hence, 
1  cos C 1  7
8

Solution15:
In triangles AIF and AIE ,
IF IE
 AI 
A A
sin sin
2 2
IE.IF
 AI 2 
A
sin 2
2
ID.IE.IF A B C r 1
  sin sin sin  
IA.IB.IC 2 2 2 4R 10
Solution16:

In ABD ,
sin 2 1
  x  25sin  cos  ...(1)
2x 2R1
In ACD ,
sin 2 1
  y  50sin  cos  ...(2)
2y 2R 2
x 1
Also, tan   
y 2
1 2
 y  50. .  20 and x  10
5 5
Area of rhombus  2xy  400

Solution17:

a d
We have, 
sin  90      cos 
a cos      cos  cos   sin  sin 
  
d cos  cos 

a
  cos   tan  sin 
d
1 cos  sin 
   tan 
d a a
1 cos  sin   a   a
      tan   
d a a b  b
1 cos  sin 
  
d a b
Solution18:
a b 3
We have,  2; 
R R 2
2 R sin A 2 R sin B 3
 2 ; 
R R 2
3
 sin A  1 ; sin B 
4

 A  90
 c 2  a 2  b2
9R 2
 c 2  4R 2 
4
7
 c R
2
2ac B 2ac 1  cos B
Now, I1  cos 
ac 2 ac 2
2ab C 2ab 1  cos C
and I 2  cos 
ab 2 ab 2
c
1
I1 a  b c 1  cos B c(a  b) a c ab
  .   ...(1)
I 2 a  c b 1  cos C b(a  c) 1  b b ac
a
3 7
Substituting a  2R ; b  R and c  R in (1), we get
2 2

I1 7 7  1


I2 9 2
   7;   9 ;   2
       18

Solution19:
2a 2  4b 2  c 2  4ab  2ac
  a  2b    a  c   0
2 2

 a  2b and a  c
a b c
 a  2b  c or  
1 1/ 2 1
1
1 1
c2  a 2  b 2 4 7
So, cos B  
2ca 2 11 8
Solution20:
abc 
R and r 
4 s
R s  abc  s  abc 
  
r 4 2
4s  s  a  s  b  s  c 
4k  5k  6k 16
 
 15k   15k  15k  7
4  4k    5k   6k 
 2  2  2 

Solution21:
cos A cos B cos C
 
a b c
cos A cos B cos C
  
k sin A k sin B k sin C
 cot A  cot B  cot C
 A  B  C  60
 ABC is equilateral
3 2
Hence,   a  3
4

Solution22:
Let AB is the base with A  500
Perimeter = b  a  10
Using sine rule,
10  2 a b
 
3 sin 50 sin 70


20 20
 a sin 50 , b  sin 70
3 3
20
ab
3
 sin 50  sin 70 

20
  2 cos10 sin 60
3
 20 cos 10
Perimeter = 10  a  b  10  20 cos10  x  y cos z 
On comparing, we get
x  y  z  10  20  10  40
Solution23:
A
cos B  cos C  4sin 2
2
 BC  BC  2 A
 2cos   .cos    4sin
 2   2  2
 BC A
 cos    2sin  
 2  2
A  BC A A
 2 cos   .cos    4sin   .cos  
2  2  2 2
 sin B  sin C  2sin A
 b  c  2a

Solution24:
Using sine rule in ABC,
sin C sin 30
  C  45
4 4
ACC  45 and CAC  90
Difference of area of ABC & ABC is area of ACC


1
2

2 2 2 2 4 
Solution25:
sin  A  B  sin  A  B  sin A cos B  cos A sin B
Let E   
sin  A  B  sin C sin C
a b c
Using sine rule, we have    2R
sin A sin B sin C
a b
 cos B  cos A 
 E  2R 2R  a cos B  b cos A
c c
2R
c2  a 2  b2 b2  c2  a 2
Using cosine rule, we have cos B  and cos A 
2ca 2bc
 c2  a 2  b 2   b 2  c 2  a 2 
a   b 
 2ca   2bc 
 E
c


c 2
 a 2  b 2    b2  c 2  a 2 
2c 2
a 2  b2

c2
Solution26:

cot  CAD  2
Given,   cot   2 cot 
cot  BAD  1
BD
ln ABC,  1:1
DC
Apply m – n Theoreom,
1  1 cot   1. cot   1.cot 
2 cot    cot 
DG 1
ln BAD,  G is centroid
GA 2
Apply m – n cot Theorem :
1  2 cot   2cot  ADB  1. cot  BAD 
 3cot   2 cot       cot 
 3cot   2 cot   2cot 
 cot   0


2

Solution27:

Let the point of the observation of the ball be P and the tangents from P to the ball touch it at
A and B respectively. Let the vertical height of the centre of the ball be h above the ground.
 PC  h cos ec 
 
But BPC  and CB  radius of the ball 
2 2
Now, from the right angled triangle CPB,
  BC /2
sin  
2 PC h cos ec
1 a
 h   sin  cos ec
2 2

Solution28:

Let AB be the pole.

Now, tan   tan  ADB  ADC 
1 tan ADB  tan ADC
 
2 1  tan ADB.tan ADC
3x x

1 80x
  40 40 
2 1 . 3x x 1600  3x 2
40 40
40
 x  40,
3
Thus, height  3x  120 feet or 40 feet
But the second value is not possible as the height of the pole is more than 100 feet.
Hence, the height of the tower is 120 feet.

Solution29:

Let B and O be the position of the balloon respectively when observed from the ship at E.
Horizontal distance EA = x feet (say).
We have, BEA  30 , OEA  15 and OA  y (say)
y
Now, tan15 
x
Or 
y  x tan15  x 2  3 
And
y  600 x 2  3  600
tan 30  
 
x x
1 600
  2 3 
3 x

 x
600 3
 

300 3 300 3 2  3 
4  2 3  2 3 43

 300  2 3  3   300  6.464

 x  1939.2 feet

Solution30:

A’B’C’D’ is the square base of the tower. A person is standing at O on the diagonal C’A’
produced.
So, A'O = 2a
Let B and D be two outside corners at angle of elevation of 30.
Let the breadth of tower be x.
 AB = BC = CD = AD = x
From AOA’, AA’ = OA tan45= 2a
In DOD’, OD’ = DD’ cot 30
[ DD '  AA '  OA tan 45  2a]
Or OD '  2a cot 30  2a 3
In OA 'D ',
OA 'D'  180  C 'A 'D '  180  45  135
A 'O 2  A 'D '2  OD '2
Now, cos135 
2A 'O.A 'D '

 
2
 2a   x 2  2a 3
2
1
  
2 2  2a  x
 x 2  2 2ax  8a 2  0
  2 2a 
2
2 2a   32a 2
 x   2a  a 10
2
Since, negative sign is not possible,
 x   2a  a 10  a  10  2 

Solution31:

In the figure A, B and C are the milestones and P represents the spire, Q is the foot of the
perpendicular drawn from P to AC.
Let, BPQ  , PQ  x and tan   a
BC  CQ  QB  x tan  30     x tan 
 tan 30  tan  
 x    x tan 
 1  tan 30 tan  
 1  
 a  x 1  a 2 
x   3   ax 
  1  3a
 1 a  3  
  
x 1  a 2 
 BC  1  ...(i)
3a
Again, AB = AQ + BQ
 x tan   x tan  45   

 1 a   1 a2 
 ax  x    x 
 1 a   1 a 
x 1  a 2 
 AB  1  ...(ii)
1 a
From (i) and (ii), we have
x 1  a 2  x 1  a 2 

3 a 1 a
 3 1
 2a  3  1  a 
2
From equation (ii),
 3 1 
1  
1 a  2  75 3
x  
1 a2  3 1 
2
13
1  
 2 

Solution32:

Here RP be the statue (a metres) and PQ (b metres say) be the pillar. A and B are the points
of observation such that BQ = 9 metres and QA = 11 metres.
 RAP = PBR = 
Thus, the points P, B, A and R are concyclic.
b ab
Clearly,  tan  and  tan     
11 11
9
Also,  tan 
ab
 1 
9  10  tan  
  tan  tan       tan   
11 1
 1  tan  
 10 
 90  9 tan   11tan   110 tan 2 
  tan   111tan   9   0
9
 tan   1,
11
9
 tan   as   135 
11 
b 9
  b9m
11 11
9 9
  a2m
a  9 11
Solution33:

PABCD is the required pyramid on a square base of side 200 feet.

PA = 150 feet
If M be the mid point of AD and Q the foot of the perpendicular from P to the base, then
PM2 = PA2 – AM2
 1502  1002
 PM  50 5 m
Again, In PMQ,
MQ 100 2
cos PMQ   
PM 50 5 5
 2  1  1 
 PMQ  cos1    tan  2 
 5  

Solution34:

ABC is an equilateral triangle and Q is its centre. PQ is the flag staff 100 feet high.
Let AB = a
BC a
 BD = 
2 2
Now, BQ = BD sec 30
a 2 a
 . 
2 3 3
Again, PB = BQ + PQ2
2 2

a2
a2   1002
3
 2a 2
  1002  a  50 6 feet
3

Solution35:

Let A be the cloud, A’ be the image and QC be the surface of the lake
Clearly, AC = A’ C
P is the observer at a height h metres above the level of the lake.
Now PB is the horizontal through P.
Let PB = y and AC = x
 AB = x – h and A’B = x + h
xh
 tan   ...(i)
y
xh
And tan   ...(ii)
y
Dividing equation (i) by equation (ii),
x  h tan 

x  h tan 
 x tan   h tan   x tan   h tan 
Or h  tan   tan    x  tan   tan  
tan   tan  sin  cos   cos  sin 
 xh h
tan   tan  cos  sin   sin  cos 
sin     
h
sin     
Solution36:

Let PQ = h be height of the tower whose base is Q.

AQ = h cot 60
h
 AQ 
3
BQ  h cot 45
 BQ = h
And CQ  h cot 30  h 3
h 2 2h 2
Now, AB2  BQ 2  AQ 2  h 2  
3 3
h 2 8h 2
AC2  CQ 2  AQ 2  3h 2  
3 3
 AC2  4AB2
Or AC = 2 AB
 EXERCISE-II

Solution1:

Draw AM  BD
x
BM  MD 
2
AM 2AM
tan B  
x/2 x
AM 2AM
tan C  
3x 3x
2
tan B
 3
tan C

Solution2:

Let radius of semicircle is ‘R’


Radius of incircle, r 
s
Where, AB  2R cos 
 
2R  2 cos 2 
2R  2R cos   2 
s   2R cos 2
2 2 2
1
  R 2 sin 2  R 2 sin  cos 
2
  
2R sin .cos  1  tan 2 
R sin  cos  2 2 2
r   
2  2  2 
2cos 2 cos  1  tan 
2 2  2
  
 1  tan 2 
 2
 R tan  

2  1  tan 2 
 2

Let tan  x
2
 x  x3 
r  R 2 
 1 x 
 1  x 2 1  3x 2    x  x 3   2x  
dr
 R 
dx 
 1  x 2 2 

 
1  2x 2  3x 4  2x 2  2x 4 
 R

 1  x 
2 2 

 4 
 x  4x 2  1 
 R
 1  x 2 2 
 
dr 4  20
 0 at x 2   2 5
dx 2
At x 2  2  5 , r is maximum
1 x2 5 1
 cos   
1 x 2
2

Solution3:
For a cone,
Total solid angle = 4
   (Because one fourth of area is covered)

  2 1  cos  
 1
 cos  
2
   60
R  6400

R
cos 60     6400
R

Solution4:

2 16y 2  16y 2  AC2

cos B  
3 2  4y  4y 
2 32y 2  AC2

3 32y 2
64y 2  96y 2  3AC 2
3AC2  32y 2
4 2
AC  y
3
BC 4y 3
  
AC  4 2y  2
 
 3 
Solution5:

x 2  y 2  144
 x  y  x  y   144, x, y  Z
So, there are three possible cases.
x  y  72 x  y  36 x  y  18
xy2 xy9 x  y  18
x  37 x  20 x  13
y  35 y  16 y5

r  /s r  /s r  /s

1 1
12  35 12 16
r 2 r 2 r2
 12  35  37   16  20  12 
   
 2   2 
12  35 12 16
r r
84 48
r 5 r4

Solution6:

From the figure,

1 1
sin   & sin  
2r r
3  2   3  2   360      60


1
Now, cos      
2
 1
 cos .cos   sin .sin  
2
1 1 1 1 1
 1 2
1 2  . 
4r r 2r r 2
 4r 2  1 r 2  1  1  r 2
  4r 2  1 r 2  1   r 2  1
2

7
r
3

Solution7:

DE  BC  r
h 50
tan 30   h
50 3
h  r
tan 60 
50  r
 3  50  r   h  r
50
 3  50  r   r
3
 3  50  r   50  3r


 100  3  3 r 
100
r
3 3

r

100 3  3   50 1  1 
6  
 3
Solution8:

CF  r 1  cos  sec  
EC  r  sin   cos  tan  
CD  r cos  tan 
EC  CD  ED
r sin 
r sin  
2
 sin  
  sin 1  
 2 