b b2 4ac 15 cosec2 A = 1 + cot2 A

1 x
2a kosek2 A = 1 + kot 2 A

log c b 16 sin A B sin A cos B cos A sin B

2 loga b = log a
c sin A B sin A kos B kos A sin B

3 Tn = a + (n – 1)d
17 cos A B cos A cos B sin A sin B
4 Tn = arn – 1 kos A B kos A kos B sin A sin B

n tan A tan B
5 Sn = 2a n 1 d 18 tan A B
2 1 tan A tan B

19 sin 2A = 2 sin A cos A

a rn 1 a 1 rn sin 2A = 2 sin A kos A
6 Sn = , r 1
r 1 1 r
20 cos 2A = cos2 A – sin2 A
X = 2 cos 2 A – 1
7 Z
= 1 – 2 sin 2 A

8 P X r = nC r p r q n – r , p + q = 1 kos 2A = kos2 A – sin2 A

= 2 kos2 A – 1
n n! = 1 – 2 sin2 A
9 Pr
n r !
2 tan A
21 tan 2 A
n n! 1 tan 2 A
10 Cr
n r !r !
a b c
22
sin A sin B sin C
11 I = Q1 100
Q0
23 a2 = b2 + c2 – 2bc cos A
a2 = b2 + c2 – 2bc kos A
Wi I i
12 I 24 Area of triangle / Luas segi tiga
Wi
1
= ab sin C
2
13 sin A + cos A = 1 2 2
sin 2 A + kos2 A = 1

14 sec2 A = 1 + tan 2 A
sek2 A = 1 + tan2 A