« MATHS 1A 1

BABY BULLET-Q «

10. PROPERTIES OF TRIANGLES

(1 X 4) + (1 X 7) = 11 Marks

@IMP FORMULAS, KEY CONCEPTS?

a bc
1) The semiperimeter of DABC is s Ÿ 2s a  b  c
2
abc abc
2.1) ' s(s  a)(s  b)(s  c) 2.2) ' hence R
4R 4'
1 1 1 2
2.3) ' bcsin A ca sin B absin C 2.4. ' 2R sin Asin Bsin C
2 2 2
a b c
3) Sine rule: 2R Ÿ a 2R sin A, b 2R sin B, c 2R sin C

Q
sin A sin B sin C
4) Cosine rule: cos A
b2  c2  a 2
2bc
Ÿ a2 b 2  c 2  2bc cos A

T- A

E
c b
c2  a 2  b2
cos B Ÿ b2 c 2  a 2  2ac cos B

L
2ac

L
a b c 2 2 2 B a C
cos C Ÿ c 2 a 2  b 2  2ab cos C

U
2ab
5) Projection rule: a = bcosC + ccosB; b = ccosA + acosC; c = acosB + bcosA

6)
§ A  B· § a  b · C
Tangent rule: tan ¨
© 2
¸ ¨
¹ © a  b
¸ cot ; tan ¨
¹ 2 © 2B
§ BC· § b c · A
¸ ¨
¹ © b  c ¹ 2
§ CA· § ca · B
¸ cot ; tan ¨ ¸ ¨ ¸ cot
© 2 ¹ ©ca ¹ 2

7)
A (s  b)(s  c) B
Y (s  c)(s  a) C (s  a)(s  b)

B
sin ; sin ; sin
2 bc 2 ca 2 ab

A
A s(s  a) B s(s  b) C s(s  c)
cos ; cos ; cos

B
2 bc 2 ca 2 ab
A (s  b)(s  c) B (s  c)(s  a) C (s  a)(s  b)
t an ; tan ; tan
2 s(s  a) 2 s(s  b) 2 s(s  c)
A ' (s  b)(s  c) A s(s  a) '
+ tan
2 s(s  a) '
; cot
2 ' (s  b)(s  c)
' A B C A B C
8) r 4R sin
sin sin (s  a) tan (s  b) tan (s  c) tan
s 2 2 2 2 2 2
' A B C A C B
r1 4R sin cos cos s tan (s  b)cot (s  c)cot
sa 2 2 2 2 2 2
' A B C B A C
r2 4R cos sin cos s tan (s  c)cot (s  a)cot
sb 2 2 2 2 2 2
' A B C C B A
r3 4R cos cos sin s tan (s  a)cot (s  b)cot
sc 2 2 2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1
9) ' rs rr1r2 r3 10)  
r r1 r2 r3
« MATHS 1A 2
BABY BULLET-Q «
BULLET MASTER'S

MATH BEATS!
You know Pretty well about solving a Quadratic Equation ax2+bx+c=0, using Quadratic formula.
You know well about solving two linear equations, using rule of Cross Multiplication.
You know about solving three linear equations using Cramer's Rule, Matrix Inversion Method,...
Do you ever heard of solving a Triangle?
A triangle consists of 3 angles A, B, C and 3 opposite sides a,b,c.
'SOLVING A TRIANGLE' is the way of finding the other 3 elements from the given 3.
'SOLUTION' OF A 'TRIANGLE' IN FEW CASES
S.No. Given elements Remaining elements
2' 2' 2'
I. a, b, c Þ [A, B, C] sin A ; sin B ;sin C ;' s(s  a )(s  b)(s  c)

Q
bc ca ab

-
b a sin C
II. a, b, A Þ [B, C, c] sin B sin A; C 180º (A  B); c

T
a sin A
a sin B a sin C
III. a, A, B Þ [C, b, c] C 180º (A  B); b

E
;c
sin A sin A

L
a a
IV. a, b, C = 90º Þ [A, B, c] tan A ; B 90º A; c
b sin A

L
U
BULLET MASTER'S

B
MATH BEATS!

Y
ABC : Always Be Cheerful!
ABCD : AnyBody Can Dance!!

B
ABCDE : A Bachelor Can Dominate Everyone!!!

A
ABCDEF : All Boys Can Do Everything Fine!!!!

B
Wow! What a beautiful Pattern of 'Letter Sentences'.

Can we have such a Beautiful Patterns with the Elements of a Triangle?

Can we have a Triangle with 1,2,3,4,5,6 as its elements?
Ofcourse, Yes! See Q.18/241 Page.
For that Triangle, we have r = 1, r1 = 2, a = 3, b = 4, c = 5, r3 = 6 (What a Beauty!)

Certain Right Triangles have Passion on Progressions.

Their elements maintain A.P, G.P, H.P relations.
1 1 1
Sides a = 6, b = 8, c = 10 of a Triangle are in A.P & their in-radii r1 , r2 , r3 are in H.P
6 8 10