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12TH MATH
CHAPTER 7 FORMULA
YOUTH PAID SERVICE
FOR ALL PUNJAB BOARDS
BY USAMA KHALID KAMBOH
CEO YOUTH ACADEMY
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YOUTH ACADEMY
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The Law of Cosine:
 a 2 = b 2 + c 2 − 2bc cos α  b 2 = c 2 + a 2 − 2ca cos β  c 2 = a 2 + b 2 − 2ab cos γ
b2 + c2 − a 2 c2 + a 2 − b2 a 2 + b2 − c2
 cos α =  cos β =  cos γ =
2bc 2ca 2ab
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

a b c
The Law of Sine:  = =
sin α sin β sin γ
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

The Law of Tangent:

α −β
a − b tan 2
=
( ) β −γ
b − c tan 2
=
( ) γ −α
c − a tan 2
=
( )
( ) ( )
  
a + b tan α + β
2
b + c tan β +γ
2
c + a tan γ +α
2 ( )
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Half Angles Formulas:

 sin
α
=
( s − b )( s − c )  sin
β
=
( s − c )( s − a )  sin
γ
=
( s − a )( s − b )
2 bc 2 ca 2 ab
α s (s − a) β s ( s − b) γ s ( s − c)
 cos =  cos =  cos =
2 bc 2 ca 2 ab

 tan
α
=
( s − b )( s − c )  tan
β
=
( s − c )( s − a )  tan
γ
=
( s − a )( s − b ) ,
2 s (s − a) 2 s ( s − b) 2 s (s − c)
a+b+c
where s = .
2
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Area of Triangle ( = ∆ ) :
1 1 1
=
 ∆ bc sin α
= ca sin β
= ab sin γ
2 2 2
a 2 sin β sin γ b 2 sin γ sin α c 2 sin α sin β
= ∆ = =
2sin α 2sin β 2sin γ
=
∆ s ( s − a )( s − b )( s − c ) (Heron’s Formula)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

a b c abc
Circumradius ( = R ) :  R
= = =  R =
2sin α 2sin β 2sin γ 4∆
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
∆
Inradius ( = r ) :  r =
s
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

∆ ∆ ∆
Escribed Circle:  r1 =  r2 =  r3 =
s−a s −b s−c
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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