1

Section 4.1 Exercises

4.1 Question 2
Using the Law of Sines to find unknown measures of oblique triangles (AAS)

Question

Find all unknown side lengths and angle measures. Round to the nearest hundredth for side
lengths and angles, as needed.
Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

&deg;

Correct Answer

6.41±0.01
13.59±0.01
28

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2

Find
Find
Find
.
Solution

using the Law of Sines.

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 3

4.1 Question 4
Using the Law of Sines to find unknown measures of oblique triangles (AAS)

Question

Find all unknown side lengths and angle measures. Round to the nearest hundredth for side
lengths and angles, as needed.

&deg;
Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

Correct Answer

3.17±0.01
1.82±0.01
67

Solution

Find .

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4

Find
Find
using the Law of Sines.

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4.1 Question 8
Using the Law of Sines to find unknown measures of oblique triangles (ASA)

Question

Find all unknown side lengths and angle measures. Round to the nearest hundredth for side
lengths and angles, as needed.

&deg;
Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

Correct Answer

1.9±0.01
3.06±0.01
121

Solution

Find .

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6

Find
Find
using the Law of Sines.

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4.1 Question 10
Using the Law of Sines to find unknown measures of oblique triangles (ASA)

Question

Find all unknown side lengths and angle measures. Round to the nearest hundredth for side
lengths and angles, as needed.

&deg;
Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

Correct Answer

20.49±0.01
18.37±0.01
45

Solution

Find .

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8

Find
Find
using the Law of Sines.

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 9

4.1 Question 12
Using the Law of Sines to find unknown measures of oblique triangles (ASA)

Question

Find all unknown side lengths and angle measures. Round to the nearest hundredth for side
lengths and angles, as needed.

&deg;
Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

Correct Answer

2.41±0.01
3.57±0.01
119

Solution

Find .

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10

Find
Find
using the Law of Sines.

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 11

4.1 Question 14
Using the Law of Sines to find unknown measures of oblique triangles (SSA - one
solution)

Question

Find all unknown side lengths and angle measures. Round to the nearest hundredth for side
lengths and angles, as needed.

&deg;
Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

&deg;

Correct Answer

19.22±0.01
38.7±0.01
44.3±0.01

Solution

The known angle is obtuse and the side opposite of the known angle is greater than the other

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known side, so exactly one triangle exists with these measures.

Find .

Find .

Find

Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

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4.1 Question 16
Using the Law of Sines to find unknown measures of oblique triangles (SSA - one
solution)

Question

If , , and , find all unknown side lengths and angle measures.

Round to the nearest hundredth for side lengths and angles, as needed.

&deg;
Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

&deg;

Correct Answer

15.43±0.01
30±0.01
40±0.01

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Solution

The known angle is obtuse and the side opposite of the known angle is greater than the other
known side, so exactly one triangle exists with these measures.

Find .

Find .

Find

Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

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4.1 Question 18
Determining the number of possible triangles (SSA)

Question

Determine the number of possible triangles with the given information.

and

Two
None
One
Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

Correct Answer

Two

Solution

Two sides and one acute opposite angle are given so one of three possible situations
situations can occur:

1. one triangle exists: ,

2. no triangle exists:

3. two triangles exist:

Since (i.e., ), there is not exactly one triangle.

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Find

Since
(i.e.
), there are two triangles.

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4.1 Question 20
Determining the number of possible triangles (SSA)

Question

Determine the number of possible triangles with the given information.

and

Two
None
One
Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

Correct Answer

Two

Solution

Two sides and one acute opposite angle are given so one of three possible situations
situations can occur:

1. one triangle exists: ,

2. no triangle exists:

3. two triangles exist:

Find

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18

Since
and
, 4.5886 <6

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4.1 Question 22
Using the Law of Sines to find unknown measures of oblique triangles (SSA - two
solutions)

Question

Solve the triangle and if possible. If two triangles exist, solve

both.

No such triangle exists.

Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

Correct Answer

Solution

Since the given angle is acute and , find .

Since , (i.e. ), there are two triangles, one

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with acute angle and one with obtuse angle .

Solve the acute triangle. Solve the obtuse triangle.

Find . Find .

Find .

Use the Law of Sines to find

Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

Find .

Use the Law of Sines to find

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fwbainc Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

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Therefore the solutions are

.
21
 22

4.1 Question 24
Using the Law of Sines to find unknown measures of oblique triangles (SSA - two
solutions)

Question

Solve the triangle and if possible. If two triangles exist, solve

both.

No such triangle exists.

Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

Correct Answer

Solution

Since the given angle is acute and , find .

Since , (i.e. ), there are two triangles, one with acute

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angle and one with obtuse angle .

Solve the acute triangle. Solve the obtuse triangle.

Find . Find .

Find .

Use the Law of Sines to find

Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

Find .

Use the Law of Sines to find

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24

Therefore, the solutions are:

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4.1 Question 26
Determining measures that result in 0, 1, or 2 triangles

Question

If and , determine the measures for that will result in one nonright
triangle, no triangle, and two triangles. Round values to the nearest hundredth as needed.

A. One nonright triangle exists when .

B. No triangles exist when .

C. Two triangles exist when

Correct Answer

10±0.01
17.43±0.01
10±0.01
17.43±0.01
Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

Solution

If two sides and one acute opposite angle are known:

1. one nonright triangle exists when

2. no triangle exists when

3. two triangles exist when

Since , and one nonright triangle exists when , one nonright triangle exists
when .

Since and , and no triangle exists when , no triangle exists

when .

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Solve the inequality for .

So, no triangle exists when .

Since and , and two triangles exist when , two triangles

exist when .

Solve the inequality for .

and

So, two triangles exist when and , that is, .

Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

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4.1 Question 28
Determining measures that result in 0, 1, or 2 triangles

Question

If and , determine the measures for that will result in one nonright triangle,
no triangle, and two triangles. Round values to the nearest hundredth as needed.

A. One nonright triangle exists when .

B. No triangles exist when .

C. Two triangles exist when

Correct Answer

9±0.01
11.75±0.01
9±0.01
11.75±0.01
Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

Solution

If two sides and one acute opposite angle are known:

1. one nonright triangle exists when

2. no triangle exists when

3. two triangles exist when

Since , and one nonright triangle exists when , one nonright triangle exists when
.

Since and , and no triangle exists when , no triangle exists

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when .

Solve the inequality for .

So, no triangle exists when .

Since and , and two triangles exist when , two triangles

exist when

Solve the inequality for .

and

Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

So, two triangles exist when and , that is, .

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4.1 Question 30
Using the Law of Sines to find the area of an oblique triangle (SAS)

Question

Find the area of the triangle if inches, inches, and . Round to

the nearest tenth.

Area in2

Correct Answer
Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

65.6±0.1

Solution

Since the triangle is non-right, use the area of an oblique triangle formula.

Area =

in2

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4.1 Question 32
Using the Law of Sines to find the area of an oblique triangle (SAS)

Question

Find the area of the triangle if inches, inches, and . Round to

the nearest tenth.

Area in2

Correct Answer

Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

13.4±0.1

Solution

Since the triangle is non-right, use the area of an oblique triangle formula.

Area =

in2

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4.1 Question 34
Using the Law of Sines to find the area of an oblique triangle (SSA)

Question

Find the area of the triangle if inches, inches, and . Round to the
nearest tenth.

Area in2

Correct Answer
Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

31±0.1

Solution

Since the triangle is non-right, use the area of an oblique triangle formula.

Area =

Use the Law of Sines to find and then use the Triangle Sum Theorem to find .

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in2

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4.1 Question 36
Using the Law of Sines to find the area of an oblique triangle (SSA)

Question

Find the area of the triangle if inches, inches, and . Round to the
nearest tenth.

Area in2

Correct Answer
Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

40.1±0.1

Solution

Since the triangle is non-right, use the area of an oblique triangle formula.

Area =

Use the Law of Sines to find and then use the Triangle Sum Theorem to find .

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 20221021T143539Z
34

in2

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4.1 Question 38
Using the Law of Sines to find a distance

Question

In a baseball game, a batter standing at home plate sees the second baseman standing on
the baseline between 1st and 2nd base as shown in the figure.

How far is the second baseman from second base?

Round to the nearest hundredth.

Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

The distance to second base is approximately feet.

Correct Answer

35.92±0.05

Solution

First find the distance between the home plate and second base.

Since consecutive bases are feet apart and the field is a square, the diagonal length to
second base is , or approximately feet.

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Use the Triangle Sum Theorem to find the value of the unknown angle opposite the known
side.

Use the Law of Sines to find the value of

Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

The second baseman is approximately 35.92 feet from second base.

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4.1 Question 40
Using the Law of Sines to find a distance

Question

Two wires help support a pole. One wire forms an angle of 53&deg; with the ground and the
other wire forms an angle of 78&deg; with the ground. The distance between the wires on the
ground is 25 m. Find the height of the pole to the nearest tenth of a meter.

Height of the pole ≈ m.

Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

Correct Answer

46.2±0.1

Solution

Start by finding the other angles in the diagram:

Use the Law of Sines to find :

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Use the Law of Sines again to find :

Thus, the height of the pole is approximately 46.2 m.

Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

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4.1 Question 42
Using the Law of Sines to find a distance

Question

Two wireless telephone transmission centers are 35 km apart. A cell phone user is 19 km
from one of the centers. At the cell phone user, the angle formed by the two centers is
101&deg;. Find the distance to the nearest kilometer between the cell phone user and the
other transmission center.

Distance ≈ km
Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

Correct Answer

26±1

Solution

Use to represent between the cell phone user and the second transmission center.

Start by finding the two unknown angles in the triangle.

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= ...

Then,

So,

Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

≈

The distance between the cell phone user and the other tower is approximately 26 km.

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Section 4.2 Exercises

4.2 Question 2
Using the law of cosines to find a missing angle

Question

The triangle below has sides with lengths , , and .

Find the measure of the largest angle.

The largest angle is approximately &deg;.

Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

Correct Answer

Solution

The largest angle is the angle opposite the largest side,

Use the

version of the law of cosines to find the measure of

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42

.
The largest angle is approximately

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 43

4.2 Question 4
Using the law of cosines to find a missing angle

Question

The triangle below has sides with lengths , , and .

Find the measure of the largest angle.

The largest angle is approximately &deg;.

Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

Correct Answer

Solution

The largest angle is the angle opposite the largest side,

Use the

version of the law of cosines to find the measure of

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44

.
The largest angle is approximately

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 45

4.2 Question 6
Using the law of cosines to find a missing angle

Question

The triangle below has sides with lengths , , and .

Find the measure of the smallest angle.

The smallest angle is approximately &deg;.

Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

Correct Answer

Solution

The smallest angle is the angle opposite the smallest side,

Use the

version of the law of cosines to find the measure of .

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46

.
The smallest angle is approximately

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 47

4.2 Question 8
Using the law of cosines to find a missing angle

Question

The triangle below has sides with lengths , , and .

Find the measure of the smallest angle.

The smallest angle is approximately &deg;.

Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

Correct Answer

Solution

The smallest angle is the angle opposite the smallest side,

Use the

version of the law of cosines to find the measure of .

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48

.
The smallest angle is approximately

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 49

4.2 Question 10
Using the law of cosines to solve a real world application(SSS)

Question

A geiger counter is 4 stories (40 feet) above a

sample of radium in a stairwell and 13 feet along
the stairs away from directly above the
substance.

If based on the counter readings the radium is

42 feet away, what is the angle of depression
from the stairs to the substance?

The angle of depression is approximately

&deg;.
Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

Correct Answer

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Solution

Use the law of cosines to find the angle.

Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

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4.2 Question 12
Using the law of cosines to solve a real world application(SSS)

Question

A 40-foot flag pole stands atop a hill. A man stands at the base of the hill, 40 feet from the
base of the flag pole, and 60 feet from the tip. What is the angle of elevation from the man to
the tip of the flag pole, relative to the base of the flag pole?

Angle of elevation ≈ &deg;

Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

Correct Answer

Solution

Use the Law of Cosines to find the angle.

=
=

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52

=
=

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 53

4.2 Question 14
Using the law of cosines to solve a real world application(SSS)

Question

A geiger counter is 3 stories (30 feet) above a

sample of radium in a stairwell and 13 feet
along the stairs away from directly above the
substance.

If based on the counter readings the radium is

37 feet away, what is the angle of depression
from the stairs to the substance?

The angle of depression is approximately

&deg;.
Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

Correct Answer

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Solution

Use the Law of Cosines to find the angle.

Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

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4.2 Question 16
Using the law of cosines to solve a real world application(SAS)

Question

A man went off-roading in his Jeep. 50 miles after leaving the highway, he turned left, creating
an angle of 80&deg; between the two paths. After another 40 miles he reached the highway
again. How much of the highway did he bypass?

80&deg;

He bypassed approximately miles.

Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

Correct Answer

Solution

Use the law of cosines to find the distance that he bypassed.

Let be the distance, , , and angle .

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56

=
=
=

miles.
He bypassed approximately

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 57

4.2 Question 18
Using the law of cosines to solve a real world application(SAS)

Question

A piece of wire is bent into the shape of a triangle. Two sides have length 18 inches and 22
inches. The angle between these two sides is 45&deg;. What is the length of the third side to
the nearest hundredth of an inch?

Length of third side is approximately inches.

Correct Answer

Solution

Use the Law of Cosines to find the length of the missing side.
Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

Let be the third side, , , and angle .

The length of the third side is approximately

inches.

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4.2 Question 20
Using the law of cosines to solve a real world application(SAS)

Question

A man went off-roading in his Jeep. 45 miles after leaving the highway, he turned left, creating
an angle of 52&deg; between the two paths. After another 65 miles he reached the highway
again. How much of the highway did he bypass?

52&deg;

He bypassed approximately miles.

Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

Correct Answer

Solution

Use the law of cosines to find the distance that he bypassed.

Let be the distance, , , and angle .

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fwbainc Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

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=
=
=

miles.
He bypassed approximately
59
 60

4.2 Question 22
Using Heron's Formula to find the area of a triangle

Question

What is the area of a triangle with sides measuring 5.9 cm, 6.7 cm and 10.3 cm?

Area ≈ cm2.

Correct Answer

Solution

Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

First, find the semi-perimeter, , of the triangle.

, so .

To find the area, substitute the values for and into Heron's formula.

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

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≈
=

cm2
61
 62

4.2 Question 24
Using Heron's Formula to find the area of a triangle

Question

What is the area of a triangle with sides measuring 7 cm, 7.2 cm and 9 cm?

Area ≈ cm2.

Correct Answer

Solution

Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

First, find the semi-perimeter, , of the triangle.

, so .

To find the area, substitute the values for and into Heron's formula.

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

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≈
=

cm2
63
 64

4.2 Question 26
Using Heron's Formula to find the area of a triangle

Question

What is the area of a triangle with sides measuring 6.4 cm, 8.9 cm, and 9.4 cm?

Area ≈ cm2.

Correct Answer

Solution

Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

First, find the semi-perimeter, , of the triangle.

, so .

To find the area, substitute the values for and into Heron's formula.

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

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≈
=

cm2
65
 66

4.2 Question 28
Using Heron's Formula to find the height of a triangle

Question
A triangle has a base of 6 inches and sides of 3 and 5 inches.

What is the height of the triangle?

The height is approximately in.

Correct Answer

in.

Solution

Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

First, use Heron's formula to find the area.

The perimeter is inches, so the semi-perimeter is

inches.

Use the area and the base to find the height.

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fwbainc Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

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=
=
=

in.
67
 68

4.2 Question 30
Using Heron's Formula to find the height of a triangle

Question
A triangle has a base of 12 inches and sides of 6 and 7 inches.

What is the height of the triangle?

Round to the nearest hundredth.

The height is approximately in.

Correct Answer

Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

Solution

First, use Heron's formula to find the area.

The perimeter is inches, so the semi-perimeter is

inches.

Use the area and the base to find the height.

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=
=
=

in.
69
 70

4.2 Question 32
Using Heron's Formula to find the height of a triangle

Question
A triangle has a base of 9 inches and sides of 3 and 7 inches.

What is the height of the triangle?

The height is approximately in.

Correct Answer

Solution

Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

First, use Heron's formula to find the area.

The perimeter is inches, so the semi-perimeter is

inches.

Use the area and the base to find the height.

20221021T143539Z
fwbainc
fwbainc Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

20221021T143539Z
=
=
=

in.
71
 72

Section 4.3 Exercises

4.3 Question 2
Finding the component form of a vector (at the origin)

Question

Find the component form of vector with an initial point at the origin and a terminal point at
(−2, 4).

= ,

Correct Answer

-2
4

Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

Solution

The component form of a vector is found using the formula

where is the initial point and is the terminal point. Since the vector's
initial point is the origin (0, 0) and its terminal point is (−2, 4),

20221021T143539Z
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 73

4.3 Question 4
Finding the component form of a vector (at the origin)

Question

Find the component form of vector with an initial point at the origin and a terminal point at
(−8, −8).

= ,

Correct Answer

-8
-8

Solution

The component form of a vector is found using the formula

Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

where is the initial point and is the terminal point. Since the vector's
initial point is the origin (0, 0) and its terminal point is (−8, −8),

20221021T143539Z
fwbainc
 74

4.3 Question 6
Finding the component form of a vector (at the origin)

Question

Find the component form of vector with an initial point at the origin and a terminal point at
(4, −7).

= ,

Correct Answer

4
-7

Solution

The component form of a vector is found using the formula

Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

,

where is the initial point and is the terminal point. Since the vector's
initial point is the origin (0, 0) and its terminal point is (4, −7),

20221021T143539Z
fwbainc
 75

4.3 Question 8
Finding the component form of a vector (not at the origin)

Question

Find the component form of vector .

Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

= ,

Correct Answer

6
6

20221021T143539Z
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 76

Solution

The component form of a vector is found using the formula

where is the initial point and is the terminal point. Since the vector's
initial point is the origin (−2, −3) and its terminal point is (4, 3),

Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

20221021T143539Z
fwbainc
 77

4.3 Question 10
Finding the component form of a vector (not at the origin)

Question

Find the component form of vector .

Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

= ,

Correct Answer

5
3

20221021T143539Z
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 78

Solution

The component form of a vector is found using the formula

where is the initial point and is the terminal point. Since the vector's
initial point is the origin (−4, −3) and its terminal point is (1, 0),

Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

20221021T143539Z
fwbainc
 79

4.3 Question 12
Finding the component form of a vector (not at the origin)

Question

Find the component form of vector .

Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

= ,

Correct Answer

-7
-2

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 80

Solution

The component form of a vector is found using the formula

where is the initial point and is the terminal point. Since the vector's
initial point is the origin (4, 3) and its terminal point is (−3, 1),

Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

20221021T143539Z
fwbainc
 81

4.3 Question 14
Finding the magnitude and direction of a vector(special right triangle)

Question

Find the magnitude and direction of the vector ,− .

Magnitude =

Direction angle = °

Correct Answer

3*sqrt(2)
315

Solution
Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

Graph the vector. Let the vector's direction angle be θ.

20221021T143539Z
fwbainc
 82

The magnitude of the vector is the length from the initial point to the terminal point. Use
the Pythagorean Theorem.

Use tangent (or any trigonometric function) to find the direction angle.

Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

− /

Since is in quadrant IV and is measured counterclockwise from the positive -axis,

.

Therefore, the direction angle is

20221021T143539Z
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 83

4.3 Question 16
Finding the magnitude and direction of a vector(special right triangle)

Question

Find the magnitude and direction of the vector , .

Magnitude =

Direction angle = °

Correct Answer

2*3
30

Solution
Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

Graph the vector with components and . Let the vector's direction angle be
θ.

20221021T143539Z
fwbainc
 84

The magnitude of the vector is the length

from the initial point to the terminal point. Use the Pythagorean Theorem.

Use tangent (or any trigonometric function) to find the direction angle.

Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

/ =

20221021T143539Z
fwbainc
 85

Since is in quadrant I and is measured counterclockwise from the positive -axis,

.

Therefore, the direction angle is

Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

20221021T143539Z
fwbainc
 86

4.3 Question 18
Finding the magnitude and direction of a vector(special right triangle)

Question

Find the magnitude and direction of the vector − , − .

Magnitude =

Direction angle = °

Correct Answer

2*5
240

Solution

Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

Graph the vector with components − and − . Let the vector's direction angle
be θ.

20221021T143539Z
fwbainc
 87

The magnitude of the vector is the length

from the initial point to the terminal point. Use the Pythagorean Theorem.

Use tangent (or any trigonometric function) to find the direction angle.
Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

− /− =

20221021T143539Z
fwbainc
 88

Since is in quadrant III and is measured counterclockwise from the positive -axis,
.

Therefore, the direction angle is

Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

20221021T143539Z
fwbainc
 89

4.3 Question 20
Finding the magnitude and direction of a vector(calculator)

Question

Find the magnitude and direction of the vector .

Magnitude =

Enter the direction angle to the nearest hundredth.

Direction angle ≈ °

Correct Answer

sqrt(2^2+1^2)
Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

153.43±0.01

Solution

Graph the vector with components and . Let the vector's direction angle be .

20221021T143539Z
fwbainc
 90

The magnitude of the vector is the length from the initial point to the terminal point. Use
the Pythagorean Theorem.

Use tangent (or any trigonometric function) to find the direction angle.

Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

20221021T143539Z
fwbainc
 91

Since is in quadrant II and is measured counterclockwise from the positive -axis,

Therefore, the direction angle is approximately

Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

20221021T143539Z
fwbainc
 92

4.3 Question 22
Finding the magnitude and direction of a vector(calculator)

Question

Find the magnitude and direction of the vector −7, −5 .

Magnitude =

Enter the direction angle to the nearest hundredth.

Direction angle ≈ °

Correct Answer

sqrt(7^2+5^2)

Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

215.54±0.01

Solution

Graph the vector with components −7 and −5. Let the vector's direction angle be θ.

20221021T143539Z
fwbainc
 93

The magnitude of the vector is the length

from the initial point to the terminal point. Use the Pythagorean Theorem.

Use tangent (or any trigonometric function) to find the direction angle.
Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

−5/−7 =

20221021T143539Z
fwbainc
 94

Since is in quadrant III and is measured counterclockwise from the positive -axis,
.

Therefore, the direction angle is approximately

Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

20221021T143539Z
fwbainc
 95

4.3 Question 24
Finding the magnitude and direction of a vector(calculator)

Question

Find the magnitude and direction of the vector 2, 3 .

Magnitude =

Enter the direction angle to the nearest hundredth.

Direction angle ≈ °

Correct Answer

sqrt(2^2+3^2)
Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

56.31±0.01

Solution

Graph the vector with components 2 and 3. Let the vector's direction angle be θ.

20221021T143539Z
fwbainc
 96

The magnitude of the vector is the length from the initial point to the terminal point. Use
the Pythagorean Theorem.

Use tangent (or any trigonometric function) to find the direction angle.

Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

20221021T143539Z
fwbainc
 97

Since is in quadrant I and is measured counterclockwise from the positive -axis,

.

Therefore, the direction angle is approximately

Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

20221021T143539Z
fwbainc
 98

4.3 Question 26
Scalar multiplication of a vector (given component form)

Question

Given the vector , what is the value of ?

= ,

Correct Answer

-4
6

Solution

Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

Multiply each component of the vector by the scalar 4.

So the resultant vector is

20221021T143539Z
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 99

4.3 Question 28
Scalar multiplication of a vector (given component form)

Question

Given the vector , what is the value of ?

= ,

Correct Answer

6
-15

Solution
Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

Multiply each component of the vector by the scalar −3.

So the resultant vector is

20221021T143539Z
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 100

4.3 Question 30
Scalar multiplication of a vector (given component form)

Question

Given the vector , what is the value of ?

= ,

Correct Answer

-49.2
7.8

Solution

Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

Multiply each component of the vector by the scalar −6.

So the resultant vector is

20221021T143539Z
fwbainc
 101

4.3 Question 32
Graphing the resultant vector after scalar multiplication

Question

Graph if .
Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

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fwbainc
 20221021T143539Z
102

fwbainc Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

 103

Correct Answer

Solution

Multiply each component of the vector by the scalar .

Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

(− ), ( )

Graph the resultant vector. The initial point is at the origin and the terminal point is (3 , −4).

20221021T143539Z
fwbainc
 104

4.3 Question 34
Graphing the resultant vector after scalar multiplication

Question

Graph if .

Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

20221021T143539Z
fwbainc
fwbainc Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

20221021T143539Z
105
 106

Correct Answer

Solution

Multiply each component of the vector by the scalar .

Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

(− ), (− )

Graph the resultant vector. The initial point is at the origin and the terminal point is (−4 , −4).

20221021T143539Z
fwbainc
 107

4.3 Question 36
Graphing the resultant vector after scalar multiplication

Question

Graph if .
Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

20221021T143539Z
fwbainc
 20221021T143539Z
108

Maple plot

Correct Answer

fwbainc Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

 109

Solution

Multiply each component of the vector by the scalar .

( ), ( )

Graph the resultant vector. The initial point is at the origin and the terminal point is (−9 , −6).
Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

20221021T143539Z
fwbainc
 110

4.3 Question 38
Finding the sum of two vectors

Question

Find if and

= ,

Correct Answer

-9
-13

Solution

Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

Add the x-components and add the y-components.

20221021T143539Z
fwbainc
 111

4.3 Question 40
Finding the sum of two vectors

Question

Find if and

= ,

Correct Answer

-2
-10

Solution
Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

Add the x-components and add the y-components.

20221021T143539Z
fwbainc
 112

4.3 Question 42
Graphing the resultant vector from the sum of two vectors

Question

Find if and

Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

20221021T143539Z
fwbainc
fwbainc Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

20221021T143539Z
113
 114

Correct Answer

Solution

Add the vectors.

Therefore . The graph of has initial point at the origin and terminal

Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

point at .

Alternatively, draw a parallelogram using vectors and as its adjacent sides. The
parallelograms's diagonal that starts at the origin is the graph .

20221021T143539Z
fwbainc
 115

4.3 Question 44
Graphing the resultant vector from the sum of two vectors

Question

Find if and .
Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

20221021T143539Z
fwbainc
 20221021T143539Z
116

fwbainc Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

 117

Correct Answer

Solution

Add the x-components and add the y-components.

Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

Therefore, .

The graph of has initial point at the origin and terminal point at .

Alternatively, draw a parallelogram using and as the adjacent sides. The

parallelogram's diagonal that starts at the origin is the graph of .

20221021T143539Z
fwbainc
 118

4.3 Question 46
Finding the difference of two vectors

Question

Find if and

= ,

Correct Answer

-15.2
2.2

Solution

Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

Subtract the second x-component from the first x-component. Subtract the second
y-component from the first y-component.

20221021T143539Z
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 119

4.3 Question 48
Finding the difference of two vectors

Question

Find if and .

= ,

Correct Answer

5.8
5.7

Solution
Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

Subtract the second x-component from the first x-component. Subtract the second
y-component from the first y-component.

20221021T143539Z
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 120

4.3 Question 50
Finding the difference of two vectors

Question

Find if and .

= ,

Correct Answer

-15.2
2.2

Solution

Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

Subtract the second x-component from the first x-component. Subtract the second
y-component from the first y-component.

20221021T143539Z
fwbainc
 121

4.3 Question 52
Graphing the resultant vector from the difference of two vectors

Question

Find if and
Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

20221021T143539Z
fwbainc
 20221021T143539Z
122

fwbainc Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

 123

Correct Answer

Solution

Subtract the vectors.

Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

Therefore . The graph of has initial point at the origin and terminal
point at .

Alternatively, reflect the subtracted vector over the origin. This new vector is
. Draw a parallelogram using vectors and as its adjacent sides. The

parallelogram's diagonal that starts at the origin is the graph of .

20221021T143539Z
fwbainc
 124

4.3 Question 54
Graphing the resultant vector from the difference of two vectors

Question

Find if and

Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

20221021T143539Z
fwbainc
fwbainc Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

20221021T143539Z
125
 126

Correct Answer

Solution

Subtract the vectors.

Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

Therefore, . The graph of has initial point at the origin and
terminal point at (−9, 2).

Alternatively, reflect the subtracted vector over the origin. This new vector is
.

Draw a parallelogram using vectors and as its adjacent sides. The parallelogram's

diagonal that starts at the origin is the graph of .

20221021T143539Z
fwbainc
fwbainc Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

20221021T143539Z
127
 128

4.3 Question 56
Graphing the resultant vector from the difference of two vectors

Question

Find if and

Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

20221021T143539Z
fwbainc
fwbainc Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

20221021T143539Z
129
 130

Correct Answer

Solution

Subtract the vectors.

Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

Therefore, . The graph of has initial point at the origin and
terminal point at (1, −5).

Alternatively, reflect the subtracted vector over the origin. This new vector is
.

Draw a parallelogram using vectors and as its adjacent sides. The parallelogram's

diagonal that starts at the origin is the graph of .

20221021T143539Z
fwbainc
fwbainc Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

20221021T143539Z
131
 132

4.3 Question 58
Finding the components of a vector given the magnitude and direction (Q1 special
angles)

Question

What are the components of a vector with magnitude and a direction angle of ?

Enter the horizontal component in the first box and the vertical component in the second
box.

Correct Answer

sqrt(3)/2
3/2

Solution

Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

Graph the vector.

20221021T143539Z
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 133

Find the vertical component.

· =

Use the Pythagorean Theorem to find the horizontal component.

=( )
=

=
Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

20221021T143539Z
fwbainc
 134

4.3 Question 60
Finding the components of a vector given the magnitude and direction (Q1 special
angles)

Question

What are the components of a vector with magnitude and a direction angle of ?

Enter the horizontal component in the first box and the vertical component in the second
box.

Correct Answer

6
6

Solution

Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

Graph the vector.

20221021T143539Z
fwbainc
 135

Find the vertical component.

= /

· =

Use the Pythagorean Theorem to find the horizontal component.

=( )
=
=
Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

20221021T143539Z
fwbainc
 136

4.3 Question 62
Finding the components of a vector given the magnitude and direction (Q2-Q4
special angles)

Question

Find the components of a vector with magnitude and a direction angle of

Enter the horizontal component in the first box and the vertical component in the second
box.

Correct Answer

-1*sqrt(3)
-1

Solution

Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

Draw the vector.

20221021T143539Z
fwbainc
 137

is the reference angle. Find , the vertical component.

= /

· =

Use the Pythagorean Theorem to find the horizontal component.

= ( )
=
=
=
Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

Since θ is in quadrant III, both components are negative. Therefore, the component form is ?
− ,− ?.

20221021T143539Z
fwbainc
 138

4.3 Question 64
Finding the components of a vector given the magnitude and direction (Q2-Q4
special angles)

Question

Find the components of a vector with magnitude and a direction angle of

Enter the horizontal component in the first box and the vertical component in the second
box.

Correct Answer

3
-3 sqrt(3)

Solution

Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

Draw the vector.

20221021T143539Z
fwbainc
 139

is the reference angle. Find , the vertical component.

= /

· =

Use the Pythagorean Theorem to find the horizontal component.

= ( )
=
=
=
Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

Since θ is in quadrant IV, the vertical component is negative. Therefore, the component form
is ? ,− ?.

20221021T143539Z
fwbainc
 140

4.3 Question 66
Finding the components of a vector given the magnitude and direction (Q2-Q4
special angles)

Question

Find the components of a vector with magnitude and a direction angle of

Enter the horizontal component in the first box and the vertical component in the second
box.

Correct Answer

-5
-5

Solution

Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

Draw the vector.

20221021T143539Z
fwbainc
 141

is the reference angle. Find , the vertical component.

= /

· =

Use the Pythagorean Theorem to find the horizontal component.

=( )
=
=
=
Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

Since θ is in quadrant III, both components are negative. Therefore, the component form is ?
− ,− ?.

20221021T143539Z
fwbainc
 142

4.3 Question 68
Finding the components of a vector given the magnitude and direction

Question

Express the vector in component form when the reference angle is .

Round each component to the nearest tenth.

Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

Enter the horizontal component in the first box and the vertical component in the second
box.

Correct Answer

-4.1±0.1
-5.9±0.05

20221021T143539Z
fwbainc
 143

Solution

Find the - and -components. Let be the magnitude of the vector.

The - component is equal to since and the - component is equal to

since

So, the vector is equal to ? , ?.

The vector is in the third quadrant so both components are negative. Therefore, the vector is
Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

20221021T143539Z
fwbainc
 144

4.3 Question 70
Finding the components of a vector given the magnitude and direction

Question

Express the vector in component form when the reference angle is .

Round each component to the nearest tenth.

Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

Enter the horizontal component in the first box and the vertical component in the second
box.

Correct Answer

4±0.1
-4.8±0.05

20221021T143539Z
fwbainc
 145

Solution

Find the - and -components. Let be the magnitude of the vector.

The - component is equal to since and the - component is equal to

since

So, the vector is equal to ? , ?.

The vector is in the fourth quadrant so the vertical component is negative and the horizontal
component is positive. Therefore, the vector is
Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

20221021T143539Z
fwbainc
 146

4.3 Question 72
Finding the components of a vector given the magnitude and direction

Question

Express the vector in component form when the reference angle is .

Round each component to the nearest tenth.

Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

Enter the horizontal component in the first box and the vertical component in the second
box.

Correct Answer

-5.7±0.1
4±0.05

20221021T143539Z
fwbainc
 147

Solution

Find the - and -components. Let be the magnitude of the vector.

The - component is equal to since and the - component is equal to

since

So, the vector is equal to ? , ?.

The vector is in the second quadrant so the horizontal component is negative and the vertical
component is positive. Therefore, the vector is
Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

20221021T143539Z
fwbainc
 148

4.3 Question 74
Finding the unit vector in the same direction

Question

Find a unit vector with the same direction as

Enter the horizontal component in the first box and the vertical component in the second
box.

Correct Answer

5/(1*sqrt(41))
-4/(1*sqrt(41))

Solution

Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

Start by finding the magnitude of the vector.

Now divide the magnitude into each of the vectors’s components to get the unit vector .

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4.3 Question 76
Finding the unit vector in the same direction

Question

Find a unit vector with the same direction as

Enter the horizontal component in the first box and the vertical component in the second
box.

Correct Answer

-3/(1*sqrt(409))
-20/(1*sqrt(409))

Solution

Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

Start by finding the magnitude of the vector.

Now divide the magnitude into each of the vectors’s components to get the unit vector .

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4.3 Question 78
Finding the unit vector in the same direction

Question

Find a unit vector with the same direction as

Enter the horizontal component in the first box and the vertical component in the second
box.

Correct Answer

-9/(1*sqrt(145))
8/(1*sqrt(145))

Solution

Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

Start by finding the magnitude of the vector.

Now divide the magnitude into each of the vectors’s components to get the unit vector .

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4.3 Question 80
Finding a velocity vector given speed and direction

Question
A bus is traveling at a speed of 40 mph with a bearing of 330 ° on a compass.

What is the velocity vector?

Enter the horizontal component in the first box and the vertical component in the second box.

Correct Answer

-20
20*sqrt(3)

Solution

Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

A bearing of 330° on a compass means that the vector is in the second quadrant and its
reference angle is 60°.

First, find

Next, find

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Because the vector is in the second quadrant, the x component is negative.

Therefore, the vector is ? , ?.

Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

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4.3 Question 82
Finding a velocity vector given speed and direction

Question
A bus is traveling at a speed of 46 mph with a bearing of 135 ° on a compass.

What is the velocity vector?

Enter the horizontal component in the first box and the vertical component in the second box.

Correct Answer

23*sqrt(2)
-23*sqrt(2)

Solution

Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

A bearing of 135° on a compass means that the vector is in the fourth quadrant and its
reference angle is 45°.

First, find

Next, find

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Because the vector is in the fourth quadrant, the y component is negative.

Therefore, the vector is < , >.

Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

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4.3 Question 84
Finding a velocity vector given speed and direction

Question
A bus is traveling at a speed of 32 mph with a bearing of 210 ° on a compass.

What is the velocity vector?

Enter the horizontal component in the first box and the vertical component in the second box.

Correct Answer

-16
-16*sqrt(3)

Solution

Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

A bearing of 210° on a compass means that the vector is in the third quadrant and its
reference angle is 60°.

First, find

Next, find

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Because the vector is in the third quadrant, both components are negative.

Therefore, the vector is .

Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

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4.3 Question 86
Writing a Vector as a Linear Combination of Standard Unit Vectors

Question

Suppose is a vector with initial point and terminal point Write as a

linear combination of the standard unit vectors and .

Correct Answer

-3
8

Solution

Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

Find the component form of

Use the horizontal and vertical components of to write as a linear combination of the

standard unit vectors and

Thus, is the linear combination of standard unit vectors of

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4.3 Question 88
Writing a Vector as a Linear Combination of Standard Unit Vectors

Question

Suppose is a vector with initial point and terminal point Write as a

linear combination of the standard unit vectors and .

Correct Answer

-5
-4

Solution
Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

Find the component form of

Use the horizontal and vertical components of to write as a linear combination of the

standard unit vectors and

Thus, is the linear combination of standard unit vectors of

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4.3 Question 90
Find the directional angle given vector in form (cos θ)i + (sin θ)j

Question

Find the direction angle of

Correct Answer

240

Solution

Since the vector is written in , the direction angle is .

Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

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4.3 Question 92
Find the directional angle given vector in form (cos θ)i + (sin θ)j

Question

Find the direction angle of

Correct Answer

1*Pi/3

Solution
Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

Since the vector is written in the form , the direction angle is .

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4.3 Question 94
Find the directional angle given vector in form (cos θ)i + (sin θ)j

Question

Find the direction angle of .

Correct Answer

5*Pi/6

Solution

Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

Since the vector is written in the form , the direction angle is .

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4.3 Question 96
Find the directional angle given vector in form xi + yj

Question

Find the direction angle of . Round to the nearest tenth of a degree, as

needed.

Correct Answer

194±0.1

Solution
Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

So, and .

is in quadrant III, so .

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4.3 Question 98
Find the directional angle given vector in form xi + yj

Question

Find the direction angle of . Round to the nearest tenth of a degree, as

needed.

Correct Answer

329±0.1

Solution

Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

So, and .

is in quadrant IV, so .

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4.3 Question 100

Find the directional angle given vector in form xi + yj

Question

Find the direction angle of . Round to the nearest tenth of a degree, as

needed.

Correct Answer

146.3±0.1

Solution
Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

So, and .

is in quadrant II, so .

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Section 4.4 Exercises

4.4 Question 2
Finding the dot product of two vectors

Question

Find the dot product.

Correct Answer

-8.24

Solution

The dot product of

Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

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4.4 Question 4
Finding the dot product of two vectors

Question

Find the dot product.

Correct Answer

-8.82

Solution

The dot product of

Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

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4.4 Question 6
Finding the dot product of two vectors

Question

Find the dot product.

Correct Answer

-6.5

Solution

The dot product of

Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

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4.4 Question 8
Finding dot products using the properties of dot products: [u(v+w)

Question

If and find the following.

Correct Answer

4
Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

50.96
-72.8

Solution

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4.4 Question 10
Finding dot products using the properties of dot products: [u(v+w)

Question

If and find the following.

Correct Answer

2.36
Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

10.9
-24.96

Solution

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4.4 Question 12
Finding dot products using the properties of dot products: [u(v+w)

Question

If and find the following.

Correct Answer

-13.31
Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

15.22
10.52

Solution

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4.4 Question 14
Using the dot product to find the magnitude

Question

Find the magnitude of the vector given in the equation.

Correct Answer

sqrt(3)

Solution
Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

By the properties of the dot product,

. Therefore,

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So, the magnitude of

is
.

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4.4 Question 16
Using the dot product to find the magnitude

Question

Find the magnitude of the vector given in the equation.

Correct Answer

sqrt(22)

Solution
Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

By the properties of the dot product,

. Therefore,

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So, the magnitude of

is
.

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4.4 Question 18
Using the dot product to find the magnitude

Question

Find the magnitude of the vector given in the equation.

Correct Answer

sqrt(16)

Solution
Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

By the properties of the dot product, . Therefore,

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So, the magnitude of

is
.

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4.4 Question 20
Finding the angle between two vectors(cosi + sinj form)

Question

Find the angle between and

Correct Answer

11*pi/12

Solution
Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

Since the angles of the vectors are given in form, subtract the angles
to find the angle between the vectors.

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4.4 Question 22
Finding the angle between two vectors(cosi + sinj form)

Question

Find the angle between and

Correct Answer

3*pi/4

Solution

Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

Since the angles of the vectors are given in form, subtract the angles
to find the angle between the vectors.

Since > π, subtract from 2π to find the angle between the vectors.

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4.4 Question 24
Finding the angle between two vectors(cosi + sinj form)

Question

Find the angle between and

Correct Answer

75

Solution

Since the vectors are given in form, subtract the angles to find the
Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

angle between the vectors.

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4.4 Question 26
Finding the angle between two vectors(cosi + sinj form)

Question

Find the angle between and

Correct Answer

143

Solution

Since the vectors are given in form, subtract the angles to find the

Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

angle between the vectors.

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4.4 Question 28
Finding the angle between two vectors(component form)

Question

Find the angle between and . Round to the nearest tenth.

Correct Answer

40.2±0.05

Solution

If is the angle between two nonzero vectors and , then

Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

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4.4 Question 30
Finding the angle between two vectors(component form)

Question

Find the angle between and . Round to the nearest

tenth.

Correct Answer

154.6±0.05

Solution

If is the angle between two nonzero vectors and , then

Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

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4.4 Question 32
Finding the angle between two vectors(component form)

Question

Find the angle between and . Round to the nearest

tenth.

Correct Answer

125.2±0.05

Solution

If is the angle between two nonzero vectors and , then

Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

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4.4 Question 34
Finding the angle between two vectors(i + j form)

Question

Find the angle between and .

Round to the nearest tenth.

Correct Answer

172.9±0.05

Solution

If is the angle between two nonzero vectors and , then

Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

Convert and to component form.

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4.4 Question 36
Finding the angle between two vectors(i + j form)

Question

Find the angle between and .

Round to the nearest tenth.

Correct Answer

113.8±0.05

Solution

If is the angle between two nonzero vectors and , then

Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

Convert and to component form.

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4.4 Question 38
Finding the angle between two vectors(i + j form)

Question

Find the angle between and .

Round to the nearest tenth.

Correct Answer

172.5±0.05

Solution

If is the angle between two nonzero vectors and , then

Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

Convert and to component form.

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4.4 Question 40
Determine whether two vectors are orthogonal, parallel, or neither

Question

Identify which pair of vectors is parallel, which pair is orthogonal, and which is neither.

(a) and .

(b) and .

(c) and .

Correct Answer

Orthogonal
Parallel
Neither
Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

Solution

(a) Find the dot product .

Since = 0 , the two vectors are orthogonal.

(b) Find the dot product .

Since , the two vectors are not orthogonal. Find

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Since the two vectors are parallel.

(c) Find the dot product .

Since , the two vectors are not orthogonal. Find

Since the dot product and , the two vectors are neither orthogonal nor
parallel.

Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

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4.4 Question 42
Determine whether two vectors are orthogonal, parallel, or neither

Question

Identify which pair of vectors is parellel, which pair is orthogonal, and which is neither.

(a) and .

(b) and .

(c) and .

Correct Answer

Parallel
Neither
Orthogonal
Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

Solution

(a) Find the dot product .

Since , the two vectors are not orthogonal. Find

Since the two vectors are parallel.

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(b) Find the dot product .

Since , the two vectors are not orthogonal. Find

Since the dot product and , the two vectors are neither orthogonal nor
parallel.

(c) Find the dot product .

Since =0 , the two vectors are orthogonal.

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4.4 Question 44
Finding the projection of one vector onto another

Question

Find the projection of onto

Correct Answer

32/13
-48/13

Solution

The projection of onto is

Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

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4.4 Question 46
Finding the projection of one vector onto another

Question

Find the projection of onto

Correct Answer

29/802
290/401

Solution

The projection of onto is

Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

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4.4 Question 48
Decomposing a vector into the sum of two orthogonal vectors

Question

Decompose vector into the sum of two orthogonal vectors and where

and

Correct Answer

189/25
-252/25

Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

-64/25
-48/25

Solution

The projection of onto is

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=

=
=
201
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4.4 Question 50
Decomposing a vector into the sum of two orthogonal vectors

Question

Decompose into the sum of two orthogonal vectors and where

and

Correct Answer

108/13
-72/13

Created exclusively for Zanyar Rauf <zanyar.rauf@auis.edu.krd>

-56/13
-84/13

Solution

The projection of onto is

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=
=
203