Ghp knh TDM v TDMA khc nhau nh no ?

TDM v TDMA l hai khi nim khc hn nhau.

TDM=time division multiplexing
TDMA=time division multiple access
Tuy nhin, s na n nhau gia chng rt d gy nhm ln gia
cc khi nim, k c i vi mt s thy ta. Ti s c gng
trnh by tht vn tt, i ch s c th c cc v d two in one,
mong cc bn chu kh suy ngh i cht.
TDM l khi nim ghp knh, thuc phm vi truyn dn, trong
khi TDMA l khi nim a truy nhp, thuc phm vi access (truy
nhp mng). Vic kim sot iu khin TDM thuc chc nng
lp 1 (transmission layer) trong m hnh OSI cn kim sot iu
khin TDMA thuc chc nng lp 2 (hoc 3), ch t cng khng
thuc lp 1. Ghp knh l khi nim v t chc truyn dn gia
hai nt ca mt mng, trong khi a truy nhp lin quan ti vic
t chc kt ni t thu bao ti mng.
TDM thng dng khi ni n ghp knh trn mt ng truyn
point-to-point, hu tuyn nh T1/E1; cn TDMA th dng khi ni
n cc h thng thng tin di ng, ng truyn v tuyn.
TDM ch lin quan n 1 transmitter v 1 receiver cnTDMA th
c nhiu transmitters.
im khc bit c bn gia TDM vTDMA sau y:
TDM l s phn nh dung lng tng cng ca knh tng theo
thi gian cho cc ngi s dng khc nhau trn c s t u
cui ti u cui v khng thay i TS dnh cho ngi s dng
c nu khng config li ton b h thng. Ngha l mi mt
ngi s dng s c n nh mt TS c nh truyn tin v
d cho ngi s dng khng c traffic truyn trn knh vt

l (TS) dnh cho mnh th knh s rng m ngi s dng

khc khng th t ng chim knh truyn tin. Ngay c
khi ta c c mun dng mt cch nht thi TS cho ngi
s dng khc dng cng khng th c. Ly th d: Trong mt
tuyn truyn dn quang t H Ni i Hi Phng gi d vi knh
dung lng l lung STM-4 c 3 lung STM-1 c nh (3TS dnh
cho 3 lung STM-1) c dnh cho kt ni t H Ni i Hi
Phng, cn mt lung STM-1 dnh cho kt ni t H Ni n Hi
Dng v t Hi Dng ti Hi Phng. Khi trn STM-1 lin lc
H Ni - Hi Dng khng c traffic th h thng cng s khng
t ng ly knh cho truyn t H Ni i Hi Phng c v
on Hi Dng - Hi Phng li c th ang c traffic (on HNI
- HDG c th ang rng mt phn dung lng song an HDG HPG li ang y).
a truy nhp l phng thc m mng s dng phn bit
cc thu bao khc nhau ang truy nhp yu cu dch v
vin thng. Vi mng in thoi c nh, mng (tng i) phn
bit cc thu bao (vo lc truy nhp th l ngi s dng/user)
nh cc i dy ti cc my l, gi l phng thc truy nhp
bng cp.TDMA l phng thc m mng phn bit ngi s
dng theo thi gian. Mng phn bit gia cc users khc nhau
ang truy nhp mng yu cu dch v thng qua TS c n
nh tm thi cho cc users. Mt khi ngi s dng chm dt
phin lin lc ca mnh th ti nguyn (TS) s c gii phng
tr li cho mng c th n nh cho ngi s dng khc (cho
thu bao khc ang c gng truy nhp mng yu cu dch
v). Cng xin lu lun vi cc bn v s khc bit gia cc
khi nim thu bao (subscriber) v khi nim ngi s dng
(user), ci m theo kinh nghim ca ti, cc SV, v thm ch
nhiu thy dy vin thng ta, cn rt m m, d nhm ln.
Trong ghp knh khng c khi nim thu bao m ch c user
(cn phn bit r khi nim thu bao v khi nim ngi/t
chc thu leased line).
H thng thng tin di ng
Vi cc h thng thng tin di ng th a truy nhp l phn
access t cc thu bao ti mng m i din y l BTS

(phn mng truy nhp - access network), cn t nt mng BTS

ti cc nt khc trong mng (BSC hay MSC) th knh c t
chc bng ghp knh (phn mng/h thng truyn dn transmission network/system). Th d, vi h thngGSM th
TDMA thuc phn t MS ti BS cn TDM thuc phn t BS v
mng (v MSC). Trn tuyn t cc BS v MSC trong h thng
GSM, gi nh t chc truyn dn theo cu hnh chain, d lung
E1 t BS ny v BSC c rng (do trong cell m BS qun l
ang khng c mt MS no lin lc) th t mt BS xa hn v
BSC ngang qua BS cng khng th chim lung E1
truyn tin cho mnh nu khng config li h thng truyn dn.
TDM l vit tt cho Time Division Multiplexing trong khi TDMA l
vit tt ca Thi gian truy cp Division Multiple S khc bit
chnh gia chng l nh sau: i vi c hai h thng, ngi s
dng c cho mt khe thi gian nht nh m qua d liu
ca mnh l c truyn sau ngi dng ch i. bn cnh
khung truyn ti cng mt khe thi gian. i vi TDM, mt
khe thi gian nht nh lun lun l dnh ring cho mt ngi
dng nht nh ngay c khi ngi dng khng s dng n. Mt
v d ca TDM l mng in thoi k thut s mt t (ging
nh ISDN). i vi TDMA, sau khi ngi dng kt thc bng
cch s dng cc khe thi gian, cc khe thi gian c t do v
c th c s dng bi ngi dng khc Thng thng cc khe
thi gian ng c giao v ngi s dng c th nhn c
mt khe thi gian khc nhau mi khi truy cp mng. Mt v d
v TDMA l GSM (GSM thc s l mt h thng hybrid c cha
c TDMA v FDMA)

1. TDD (Time Division Duplex): Uplink v Downlink c cng tn

s, v vy vic phn bit gia uplink v downlink trn c s thi
gian (khi downlink pht th uplink ch thu v ngc li - cn gi
l ch lm vic n cng)
2. FDD (Frequency Division Duplex): Uplink v Downlink khng
cng tn s, v vy c th thu pht ng thi (ch lm vic
song cng)

3. TDMA: (Time Division Multiple Access): a truy nhp phn

chia theo thi gian, trong mode circuit mi user s c cp
mt Timeslot (TS) lin lc vi BTS, v d TS1 cho user1, TS2
cho user2...
3. FDMA: (Frequency Division Multiple Access): a truy nhp
phn chia theo tn s, cc user c phn bit bi cc tn s
khc nhau lin lc vi BTS, v d f1 cho user1, f2 cho user2...
4. CDMA: (Code Division Multiple Access): a truy nhp phn
chia theo m, mi user c cp 1 m gi ngu nhin trc giao
vi cc m ngu nhin ca user khc lin lc vi BTS.
5. TDM, FDM,CDM (Time, Frequency, Code Division
Multiplexing): L cc k thut ghp knh phn chia theo thi
gian, tn s v theo m.
6. Cn trong GSM dng k thut a truy nhp phn chia theo
thi gian TDMA (cc MS c phn bit bi TS), thng tin c
gi trong cc cm t MS n BTS. Cc cm ny phi n c
BTS ng vo thi im ca TS c n nh cho chng. Tuy
nhin tn hiu pht ti/t cc MS xa BTS cn nhiu thi gian
di chuyn hn cc MS gn BTS. iu ny c ngha rng
nu MS hoc BTS pht mt cm ch khi TS c ginh cho n
xut hin v khi cm c truyn ti pha thu, n s b
chng ln thi gian ca TS tip theo v s lm sai lch d liu
ca c hai cm. Vic thit k uplink chm i 3 TS l nhm gii
quyt vn ny.
Ni chung gii thch mt cch y cc vn trn th
tng i di, mnh ch ni rt s qua v cc vn m bn
thc mc. hiu c th hn th bn phi t tm hiu thi
BRS
TDM=time division multiplexing

TDMA=time division multiple access (ci ny cng mang ngha

l multiplexing).
Multiplexing ngha l cng nhau cha s mt ngun ti nguyn,
c th y l bandwidth ca mt knh truyn.
- TDM dng ch vic phn chia bandwidth ca mt knh ni
2 nt mng (phn chia y theo ngha phn chia theo thi
gian, theo time slot).
- TDMA cng ch vic phn chia bandwidth nhng l bandwidth
gia mt BS (infrastructure node) vi mt vi mobile nodes. c
th ni TDMA l mt khi nim m rng ca TDM.
TDM thng dng khi ni n ghp knh trn mt ng truyn
point-to-point, hu tuyn nh T1/E1; cn TDMA th dng khi ni
n cc h thng thng tin di ng, ng truyn v tuyn.
TDM ch lin quan n 1 transmitter v 1 receiver cn TDMA th
c nhiu transmitters.
Cu tr li tng t cho phn bit FDM vs. FDMA...
Trc tin ti xin li ban qun tr din n v khng gi li s
c gng ng gp ht kh nng ca mnh cho 4R. Ngy hm
qua ti thy ci cu hi ny m li li g phm (lu lu li
c mt ngy ngi ngm c n n nh vy) nn cha kp
tr li bn boyboyboy.
Cng ging nh nvqthinh, ti cng s ch ly TDM v TDMA
gii thch, tuy nhin cn lu rng mc d v l m ni th c
l cng c th t chc CDM song trn thc t ti cha nghe ni
n khi nim ny.

TDM v TDMA l hai khi nim khc hn nhau. Ch vit tt th

bc nvqthinh vit trn y nn ti khng nhc li na. Tuy
nhin, s na n nhau gia chng rt d gy nhm ln gia cc
khi nim, k c i vi mt s thy ta. Ti s c gng trnh
by tht vn tt, i ch s c th c cc v d two in one,
mong cc bn chu kh suy ngh i cht.
TDM l khi nim ghp knh, thuc phm vi truyn dn, trong
khi TDMA l khi nim a truy nhp, thuc phm vi access (truy
nhp mng). Vic kim sot iu khin TDM thuc chc nng
lp 1 (transmission layer) trong m hnh OSI cn kim sot iu
khin TDMA thuc chc nng lp 3, ch t cng khng thuc lp
1. Ghp knh l khi nim v t chc truyn dn gia hai nt
ca mt mng, trong khi a truy nhp lin quan ti vic t chc
kt ni t thu bao ti mng.
Mc du cng c im l chia khung thi gian thnh cc time
slot (TS) cho nhiu ngi chia s ti nguyn song c nhng
im khc bit c bn gia TDM v TDMA sau y:
TDM l s phn nh dung lng tng cng ca knh tng theo
thi gian cho cc ngi s dng khc nhau trn c s t u
cui ti u cui v khng thay i TS dnh cho ngi s dng
c nu khng config li ton b h thng. Ngha l mi mt
ngi s dng s c n nh mt TS c nh truyn tin v
d cho ngi s dng khng c traffic truyn trn knh vt
l (TS) dnh cho mnh th knh s rng m ngi s dng
khc khng th t ng chim knh truyn tin. Ngay c
khi ta c c mun dng mt cch nht thi TS cho ngi
s dng khc dng cng khng th c. Ly th d: Trong mt
tuyn truyn dn quang t H Ni i Hi Phng gi d vi knh
dung lng l lung STM-4 c 3 lung STM-1 c nh (3TS dnh
cho 3 lung STM-1) c dnh cho kt ni t H Ni i Hi
Phng, cn mt lung STM-1 dnh cho kt ni t H Ni n Hi
Dng v t Hi Dng ti Hi Phng. Khi trn STM-1 lin lc

H Ni - Hi Dng khng c traffic th h thng cng s khng

t ng ly knh cho truyn t H Ni i Hi Phng c v
on Hi Dng - Hi Phng li c th ang c traffic (on HNI
- HDG c th ang rng mt phn dung lng song an HDG HPG li ang y).
a truy nhp l phng thc m mng s dng phn bit
cc thu bao khc nhau ang truy nhp yu cu dch v
vin thng. Vi mng in thoi c nh, mng (tng i) phn
bit cc thu bao (vo lc truy nhp th l ngi s dng/user)
nh cc i dy ti cc my l, gi l phng thc truy nhp
bng cp. TDMA l phng thc m mng phn bit ngi s
dng theo thi gian. Mng phn bit gia cc users khc nhau
ang truy nhp mng yu cu dch v thng qua TS c n
nh tm thi cho cc users. Mt khi ngi s dng chm dt
phin lin lc ca mnh th ti nguyn (TS) s c gii phng
tr li cho mng c th n nh cho ngi s dng khc (cho
thu bao khc ang c gng truy nhp mng yu cu dch
v). Cng xin lu lun vi cc bn v s khc bit gia cc
khi nim thu bao (subscriber) v khi nim ngi s dng
(user), ci m theo kinh nghim ca ti, cc SV, v thm ch
nhiu thy dy vin thng ta, cn rt m m, d nhm ln.
Trong ghp knh khng c khi nim thu bao m ch c user
(cn phn bit r khi nim thu bao v khi nim ngi/t
chc thu leased line).
Vi cc h thng thng tin di ng th a truy nhp l phn
access t cc thu bao ti mng m i din y l BTS
(phn mng truy nhp - access network), cn t nt mng BTS
ti cc nt khc trong mng (BSC hay MSC) th knh c t
chc bng ghp knh (phn mng/h thng truyn dn transmission network/system). Th d, vi h thng GSM th
TDMA thuc phn t MS ti BS cn TDM thuc phn t BS v
mng (v MSC). Trn tuyn t cc BS v MSC trong h thng
GSM, gi nh t chc truyn dn theo cu hnh chain, d lung
E1 t BS ny v BSC c rng (do trong cell m BS qun l
ang khng c mt MS no lin lc) th t mt BS xa hn v

BSC ngang qua BS cng khng th chim lung E1

truyn tin cho mnh nu khng config li h thng truyn dn.
Khng bit gii thch nh vy r rng cho boyboyboy
cha? Xin cc bc khc b sung hoc phn bc.