R=

T=
Tabel 12.4: Dietil-Keton/n-Hexan

P/kPa
90.15
91.78
88.01
81.67
78.89
76.82
73.39
66.45
62.95
57.70
50.16
45.70
29.00

x1
0.000
0.063
0.248
0.372
0.443
0.508
0.561
0.640
0.702
0.763
0.834
0.874
1.000

1.6000
1.4000
1.2000

y1
0.000
0.049
0.131
0.182
0.215
0.248
0.268
0.316
0.368
0.412
0.490
0.570
1.000

ln 1
0.9008
0.4719
0.3205
0.2778
0.2571
0.1898
0.1234
0.1292
0.0717
0.0161
0.0274
0.0000

8.314 J/(mol.K)
323 K
Margules Asli

GE/
ln 2 x1.x2.RT
0.0000
0.0328
1.4812
0.1206
1.1138
0.1655
0.9553
0.2097
0.9722
0.2642
1.0428
0.3056
0.9770
0.3368
0.8692
0.3927
0.9929
0.4624
0.9087
0.5362
0.7398
0.5481
0.8443

ln 1
0.6929
1.1117
0.5788
0.3395
0.2382
0.1652
0.1181
0.0660
0.0380
0.0195
0.0070
0.0032
0.0000

GE/x1x2RT
Linear
(GE/x1x2RT)
f(x) = - 0.6560100187x + 1.3489459399 gamma1

1.0000
0.8000
0.6000
0.4000
0.2000
0.0000
0.000 0.100 0.200 0.300 0.400 0.500 0.600 0.700 0.800 0.900 1.000

ln 2
0.0000
0.0076
0.1033
0.2099
0.2794
0.3454
0.3993
0.4773
0.5341
0.5844
0.6334
0.6556
1.3489

1
1.9995
3.0396
1.7839
1.4042
1.2689
1.1796
1.1254
1.0682
1.0387
1.0197
1.0070
1.0032
1.0000

2
1.0000
1.0077
1.1088
1.2336
1.3223
1.4125
1.4908
1.6117
1.7060
1.7939
1.8841
1.9262
3.8532

persamaan garis lurus

a
-0.656
b
1.3489
A21 =
A12 =

0.6929
1.3489

A12 = 0.619261
A21 = 1.112016
Margules dan Barker

P
galat P
90.1500 0.000E+00
90.6708 1.209E-02
88.0000 1.140E-04
84.9861 4.060E-02
82.7009 4.831E-02
80.0298 4.178E-02
77.3099 5.341E-02
72.1315 8.550E-02
66.9770 6.397E-02
60.8918 5.532E-02
52.5513 4.767E-02
47.3074 3.517E-02
29.0000 0.000E+00
sum = 4.839E-01

ln 1
1.1120
0.9218
0.4906
0.2940
0.2096
0.1480
0.1078
0.0624
0.0373
0.0202
0.0080
0.0040
0.0000

ln 2
0.0000
0.0061
0.0837
0.1713
0.2293
0.2849
0.3311
0.3990
0.4499
0.4965
0.5445
0.5679
1.1120

1
3.0405
2.5138
1.6334
1.3418
1.2331
1.1595
1.1138
1.0644
1.0380
1.0204
1.0080
1.0040
1.0000

2
1.0000
1.0061
1.0873
1.1869
1.2577
1.3297
1.3924
1.4903
1.5682
1.6429
1.7238
1.7645
3.0405

P
90.1500
89.5821
85.4560
81.6700
78.9938
76.0581
73.2269
68.1203
63.2601
57.6815
50.1763
45.4903
29.0000
sum =

galat P
0.000E+00
2.395E-02
2.902E-02
5.334E-11
1.315E-03
9.918E-03
2.222E-03
2.514E-02
4.926E-03
3.214E-04
3.253E-04
4.588E-03
0.000E+00
1.017E-01

100.0000

n garis lurus

90.0000

(x1 = 1)
(x1 = 0)

80.0000

70.0000

percobaan
Margules Asli

60.0000

Margules Barker

50.0000

40.0000

30.0000

20.0000
0.000

0.100

0.200

0.300

0.400

0.500

0.600

0.700

0.800

0.900

1.000

CO
H2
CH3OH(g)

Cprata2/R

Hf,298

Gf,298

(J/mol)
-110525
0

(J/mol)
-137169
0

-200660

-161960

Cprata2
J/(mol.K)
3.507 29.1572

3.468 28.83295
5.547 46.11776

8.314

R, J/(mol.K)

Reaksi
-1

8.00

-2

CH3OH(g)

H-R,298

-90135

G-R,298

-24791

K 298

G R ,298
exp

R.298

ln K

CO
H2

6.00
4.00
2.00

KT
H R ,298 1
1

exp

R
T 298

K ,298

K(298) =
T, C
T, K
K(T)

22162.73
50
323
1326.5658

100
373
14.7476

150
423
0.4750

200
473
0.0316

eps =
Ky =
galat =
konversi CO =

31.04162
1325.2297
1.33615
galat jelek

22.81381
14.7476
0.00002
65.18%

5.24693
0.4755
0.00059
14.99%

0.45846
0.0317
0.00011
1.31%

1000/T
3.10
2.68
2.36
ln(K,T)
7.19
2.69
-0.74
Perhatikan bahwa ln(K) vs 1/T merupakan garis lurus.
Lihat Figure 13.2.

2.11
-3.45

0.00
2.00
-2.00
-4.00

ln K

8.00
6.00
4.00
2.00
0.00
2.00
-2.00

3.00

-4.00
1/T

4.00

Hf,298
(J/mol)
-110525
-393509

Gf,298
(J/mol)
-137169
-394359

CH3OH(g)

-200660

-161960

H2O(g)

-241818

-228572

CO
CO2
H2

4.467 37.13864
3.468 28.83295
5.547 46.11776
4.038 33.57193

Reaksi-1
-1

Reaksi-2
0

-1

CO + 2H

H2

-2

-3

CO2 + 3H

CH3OH(g)

H2O(g)

CO
CO2

H-R,298

-90135

-48969

G-R,298

-24791

3827

K-298

masuk

22162.73 0.213384958

150

Temp , C 149.9839505 149.9839505

423

T, K 422.9839505 422.9839505
K(T)
0.4754
0.0006
5.6093
-1.2016

eps-tebak

NERACA
MASSA
laju alir, mol/s

CO

: 25 1 =

H2

: 60 - 2 1

CO2

: 15 - 2 = yC

CH4OH

: 1 + 2 = y

H2 O

: 2 = yH2O.

100 - 2 1 2

keluar
91.2
21.27%

mol atom C

40.0

17.77%

mol atom H

120.0

mol atom O

55.0

15%

CO
CO2

60%

H2

57.45%

0%

CH3OH(g)

4.83%

0%
100%

H2O(g)

-1.32%
100%
Reaksi-1
Reaksi-2
0.6887
-0.0189
Ky =
galat = Ky - K(T) = 0.21328521 0.019527226
galat total = 0.232812436

-8262800.6139

Cprata2
J/(mol.K)
3.507 29.1572

8.314

R, J/(mol.K)

masuk
100.0
25%

Cprata2/R

entalpi, J/s
-8262800.847
Q-panas, J/s
-0.2328130864
(keluar)

mol H2O

0.0

K1

y CH3OH
yCO. y H2 2

10

K2

yCH3OH .yH 2O
yCO. y H 2 3

K2
galat adiabatik

-0.00000065

yCH3OH .yH 2O
yCO. y H 2 3

CO + 2H2 CH3OH

(1)

CO2 + 3H2 CH3OH + H2O

(2)

CO

: 25 1 = yCO.N2

H2

: 60 - 2 1 2 = yN2.N2

CO2

: 15 - 2 = yCO2.N2

CH4OH

: 1 + 2 = yCH3OH.N2

H2 O

: 2 = yH2O.N2
100 - 2 1 2 2 = N2

40.0
120.0
55.0

-1.2

K1

yCH3OH
y CO. y H2 2

1 2

100 21 2 2

25 1
60 21 3 2

100 21 2 2 100 21 2 2

K2

y CH3OH .y H 2O
y CO. y H2 3

1 2
2

100 21 2 2 100 21 2 2

25 1
60 21 3 2

100 21 2 2 100 21 2 2

K2

y CH3OH .y H 2O
y CO. y H2 3

1 2
2

100 21 2 2 100 21 2 2

25 1
60 21 3 2

100 21 2 2 100 21 2 2

R=
T=
Problem 12.1: Metanol/air
P/kPa
19.953
39.223
42.984
48.852
52.784
56.652
60.614
63.998
67.924
70.229
72.832
84.562
2.5000

x1
0.0000
0.1686
0.2167
0.3039
0.3681
0.4461
0.5282
0.6044
0.6804
0.7255
0.7776
1.0000

y1
0.0000
0.5714
0.6268
0.6943
0.7345
0.7742
0.8085
0.8383
0.8733
0.8922
0.9141
1.0000

ln 1
0.4523
0.3855
0.2775
0.2196
0.1507
0.0927
0.0485
0.0305
0.0211
0.0124
0.0000

ln 2
0.0000
0.0133
0.0260
0.0725
0.1057
0.1462
0.2095
0.2708
0.2998
0.3237
0.3435

8.314 J/(mol.K)
323 K
Margules Asli
x1.x2/
GE/RT
(GE/RT)
0.0000
0.0873
1.6053
0.1039
1.6332
0.1348
1.5691
0.1476
1.5757
0.1482
1.6670
0.1478
1.6859
0.1365
1.7523
0.1166
1.8656
0.1042
1.9118
0.0860
2.0102
0.0000

grs lurus hasil

pandangan HS

2.0000
f(x) = 0.5431545515x + 1.4155181198
1.5000
1.0000

grs lurus hasil

"trendline Excel"

0.5000
0.0000
0.1000 0.2000 0.3000 0.4000 0.5000 0.6000 0.7000 0.8000 0.9000 1.0000

persamaan garis lurus

slop =
0.035
intersep =
1.6763
A21 =
A12 =

0.5844
0.5966

A12 = 0.619261
A21 = 1.112016
Margules dan Barker

n garis lurus

(x1 = 1)
(x1 = 0)

entalpi
entalpi
entalpi
molar
molar
fraksi
campuran
parsial h1 parsial h2
massa
H
0%
600.0
420.0
600.0
10%
582.0
419.4
600.0
20%
563.8
417.9
600.3
30%
545.5
415.7
601.1
40%
526.7
413.0
602.6
50%
507.5
410.0
605.0
60%
487.7
407.0
608.6
70%
467.1
404.3
613.7
80%
445.8
402.1
620.5
90%
423.4
400.6
629.2
100%
400.0
400.0
640.0
Persamaan (A)

700.0
650.0
600.0

entalpi campu
Polynomial (e
campuran)
Hpar1

550.0
500.0
450.0
400.0
0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Persamaan (B)
Persamaan (C)

dH/dx = dilakukan secara analitik,

karena H fungsi x diketahui.

Perhatikan bahwa: H = x1*h1 + x2 *h2

bukan: H = x1*H1 + x2*H2
Entalpi campuran bukan jumlah entalpi molar komponen murni,
tetapi jumlah entalpi molar parsial komponen.

entalpi campuran
Polynomial (entalpi
campuran)
Hpar1

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

*h1 + x2 *h2

entalpi molar komponen murni,

molar parsial komponen.

A
B
C
T, C
T, K
ln(Psat)
Psat, kPa
x1, x2
P-total
y1=

metanol
16.4948
3593.39
-35.2259

etanol
16.1952
3423.53
-55.7152

metanol
16.4948
3593.39
-35.2259

etanol
16.1952
3423.53
-55.7152

metanol
16.4948
3593.39
-35.2259

etanol
16.1952
3423.53
-55.7152

metanol
16.4948
3593.39
-35.2259

71.8918 71.8918
344.8918 344.8918
335
335
300
300
4.890713 4.35631 4.507807 3.936996 2.923269 2.180697
133.0484 77.96889 90.72266 51.26438 18.60199 8.852477
40.0%
60.0%
40.0%
60.0%
40.0%
60.0%
100.0007 100.0007 67.04769 67.04769 12.75228 12.75228
0.53219 0.46781 0.541243 0.458757 0.583487 0.416513
25.50457

63.42074
336.4207
4.56435
96.00016
40.0%
71.12748
0.539877

350
350 substitusi menurut halaman 3
5.079026 4.561809 alfa-tebak
160.6175 95.75659 Psat2 =
40.0%
60.0% Td2 =
121.701 121.701 afla-hitung
0.527909 0.472091 selisih=
243.4019
Psat2 =
Td2 =
325
325 afla-hitung
4.09414 3.481783 selisih=
59.98775 32.51764
40.0%
60.0% Psat2 =
43.50568 43.50568 Td2 =
0.551539 0.448461 afla-hitung
87.01137
selisih=
Psat2 =
337.5
337.5 Td2 =
4.606947 4.045751 afla-hitung
100.1779 57.1541 selisih=
40.0%
60.0%
74.36361 74.36361 Psat2 =
0.538854 0.461146 Td2 =
148.7272
afla-hitung
selisih=
332
332
4.386634 3.803892
80.36946 44.87551
40.0%
60.0%
59.07309 59.07309
0.544204 0.455796
118.1462

330
330
4.304482 3.713539

74.03086 40.99863
40.0%
60.0%
54.21152 54.21152
0.546237 0.453763
108.423

328
328
4.221207 3.621858
68.11568 37.40699
40.0%
60.0%
49.69047 49.69047
0.54832 0.45168
99.38094

etanol
16.1952
3423.53
-55.7152

metanol
16.4948
3593.39
-35.2259

etanol
16.1952
3423.53
-55.7152

etanol
16.1952
3423.53
-55.7152

metanol
16.4948
3593.39
-35.2259

etanol
16.1952
3423.53
-55.7152

metanol
16.4948
3593.39
-35.2259

336.4207
345
345
350
350
3.999039 4.894766 4.360738 5.079026 4.561809
54.54569 133.5888 78.3149 160.6175 95.75659
60.0%
40.0%
60.0%
40.0%
60.0%
100.4245 100.4245 121.701 121.701
0.460123 0.532097 0.467903 0.527909 0.472091

355
5.257523
192.0054
40.0%
146.5814
0.523956

355
4.756163
116.2988
60.0%
146.5814
0.476044

60
60
333
333
4.427296 3.84858
83.70481 46.92639
40.0%
60.0%
61.63776 61.63776
0.543205 0.456795

alfa-tebak
Psat2 =
Td2 =
afla-hitung
selisih=

1.650966
79.34074
345.3185
3.338754
0.505514

substitusi menurut halaman 355-356

1.759995
76.68723
344.4875
3.348582
0.474406
51.56147
335.1317
3.465395
0.033708
50.34847
334.5899
3.472526
0.002054
50.27626
334.5573
3.472956
0.000124
50.27191 jawaban
334.5553
3.472982
7.5E-006 puas

metanol
16.4948
3593.39
-35.2259

alfa-tebak
Psat2 =
Td2 =
afla-hitung
selisih=

1.677352
78.68187
345.1143
3.341161
0.497973

alfa-tebak
Psat2 =
Td2 =
afla-hitung
selisih=

etanol
16.1952
3423.53
-55.7152

1.783747
76.13254
344.3108
3.350682
0.467647

nitrogen
13.4477
658.22
-2.854

oksigen
13.6835
780.26
-4.1758

nitrogen
13.4477
658.22
-2.854

-195.708
77.29199
4.605173
100.0002
40.0%
100.0002
40.0%

-182.8767
90.12334
4.605172
100.0002
60.0%
100.0002
60.0%

-165.0261
107.97388
7.1860869
1320.9241
38.3%
799.9996
79.0%

Ptotal
y1
galat

oksigen
13.6835
780.26
-4.1758

air
16.5362
3985.44
-38.9974

-165.0261
98.31405
107.9739
371.3141
6.166405
4.543301
476.4701
94.0006
61.7%
799.9996 1 atm
21.0% komps. Udara

800 kPa
79% [N2]
0%

fraksi
massa
0
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%

g/mL
fraksi mol mL/g
mL/mol
v1
v2
0.998
0.0%
1.002
18.032
53.760
18.032
0.982
4.2%
1.018
19.521
52.608
18.032
0.969
8.9%
1.032
21.159
53.392
18.082
0.954
14.4%
1.048
23.087
54.956
18.005
0.935
20.7%
1.069
25.442
56.080
17.743
0.914
28.1%
1.094
28.315
56.751
17.450
0.891
37.0%
1.122
31.820
57.205
17.187
0.868
47.7%
1.153
36.147
57.583
16.921
0.843
61.0%
1.186
41.597
57.935
16.575
0.818
77.9%
1.223
48.666
58.277
16.025
0.789
100.0%
1.267
58.277
58.277
14.822

70.000

60.000

50.000

40.000

30.000

20.000

10.000

0.000
0.0%

10.0% 20.0% 30.0%

.000

.000

.000

.000

.000

etanol
Polynomial (etanol)
v-etanol
v-air

.000

.000

.000
0.0%

10.0% 20.0% 30.0% 40.0% 50.0% 60.0% 70.0% 80.0% 90.0% 100.0%

Ujian Modul-2; Soal No. 5

Perhitungan Koefisien Fugasitas
Senyawa H2O
Pc, bar
Tc, K
omega,
V-cair, 25C, dm3/kg
V-cair, 25C, m3/mol
R, J/mol/K
SOAL A

220
647
0.345
1.003
0.000018054
8.314

Koefisien Fugasitas cairan jenuh pd titik didih normal

P, kPa
100
0,422
Titik didih normal; T, C
100
0
B
=0,083
Pr = P/Pc
0.0045454545
Tr 1,6
Tr = T/Tc
0.5765069552
1
B0 =
-0.935650421
B1 =
-1.599398474
4,2
ln =
-0.011727706
Pr
=
0.9883407955
ln= (B 0 + . B1 )

B =0,139

0,172
Tr

Tr

SOAL B

Koefisien Fugasitas cairan pada 25C dan 100 kPa

P, kPa
100 --> Pa
100000
P-sat pada 25C, kPa
3.166 --> Pa
3166
T, C
25
a) Mencari -sat
P, kPa
3.166 --> Pa
3166
T, C
25
Pr
0.0001439091
Tr
0.4605873261
B0 =
-1.375858861
B1 =
-4.323909874
ln =
-0.000895975
=
0.9991044261
b) Mencari (25C; 100 kPa)
f=
3165.3974141
sat
sat
= f/P
0.0316539741 f = . P . exp

V l .(PPsat )
R.T

NIM : ...................................
268433840.xls
Nama : .................................

TK2211: Bahan kuliah dan Kuis, Senin 30 Maret 2009

Table 12.1

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11

Kesetimbangan fasa uap-cair MEK-Toluen (50 C)

HASIL PERCOBAAN
Raoult
P, kPa
x1
y1
x1.Psat
y1
hampiran
12.30
0.0000
0.0000
0
0
0.00%
15.51
0.0895
0.2716
3.230055 0.208256
6.33%
18.61
0.1981
0.4565
7.149429 0.384171
7.23%
21.63
0.3193
0.5934
11.52354 0.532757
6.06%
24.01
0.4232
0.6815
15.27329 0.636122
4.54%
25.92
0.5119
0.7440
18.47447 0.71275
3.13%
27.96
0.6096
0.8050
22.00046 0.786855
1.81%
30.12
0.7135
0.8639
25.75022 0.854921
0.90%
31.75
0.7934
0.9048
28.63381 0.901852
0.29%
34.15
0.9102
0.9590
32.84912 0.961907
0.29%
36.09
1.0000
1.0000
36.09
1
0.00%
total
30.59%

SOAL
A Gambarlah kurva P-x,y jika sistem dianggap mengikuti Hukum Raoult
B Berapakah galat (penghampiran) total semua titik pengamatan
jika sistem dianggap mengikuti Hukum Raoult,
40.00

P-x

35.00

P-y
P-y Raoult

P-total, kPa

30.00
25.00
20.00
15.00
10.00
5.00
0.00
0.0000

0.1000

0.2000

0.3000

0.4000

0.5000

0.6000

0.7000

0.8000

x dan y, fraksi mol

Jika sistem mengikuti persamaan "modified Raoult Law",

tentukan koefisien aktifitas masing-masing komponen.
(bahan kuliah hari ini)

0.9000

1.0000

NIM : ...................................
268433840.xls
Nama : .................................

TK2211: Bahan kuliah dan Kuis, Senin 30 Maret 2009

Table 12.1

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11

Kesetimbangan fasa uap-cair MEK-Toluen (50 C)

HASIL PERCOBAAN
P, kPa
x1
y1
12.30
0.0000
0.0000
15.51
0.0895
0.2716
18.61
0.1981
0.4565
21.63
0.3193
0.5934
24.01
0.4232
0.6815
25.92
0.5119
0.7440
27.96
0.6096
0.8050
30.12
0.7135
0.8639
31.75
0.7934
0.9048
34.15
0.9102
0.9590
36.09
1.0000
1.0000

SOAL
A Gambarlah kurva P-x,y jika sistem dianggap mengikuti Hukum Raoult
B Berapakah galat (penghampiran) total semua titik pengamatan
jika sistem dianggap mengikuti Hukum Raoult,
40.00

P-x

35.00

P-y
P-y Raoult

P-total, kPa

30.00
25.00
20.00
15.00
10.00
5.00
0.00
0.0000

0.1000

0.2000

0.3000

0.4000

0.5000

0.6000

0.7000

0.8000

x dan y, fraksi mol

Jika sistem mengikuti persamaan "modified Raoult Law",

tentukan koefisien aktifitas masing-masing komponen.
(bahan kuliah hari ini)

0.9000

1.0000

R, J/(mol.K)
Pc, Bar
Tc, K
Omega =
P, Pa =
T, K =
Pr =
Tr =

8.314 Antoine Equation

220.55
A = 16.3872
647.1
B=
3885.7
0.253
C=
230.17
T, C
100
100000
Psat, kPa 101.3332
337
0.0045341192
0.520785041

Persamaan Keadaan van der Waals

alphaTr =
1
tau =
0
epsilon =
0
OMEGA =
0.125
PSY =
0.4219
0.3750
Zc =
a(T); (3.45) =
0.5537
b; (3.46) =
3.049E-05
beta (3.50) =
q (3.52) =

0.0011
6.4806
fasa gas

Z tebak =
Z (3.52) =
tools =
I, (6.65b) =
koef.fug. =
fugasitas, Pa =
fugasitas, bar =

0.9940
0.9940
4.196E-07
0.0010948579
0.99
99404
0.994

fasa cair
1.343E-03
1.344E-03
4.937E-04
1.430E+03
142960554
1429.606

NIM
13007056
13007058
13007060
13007061
13007063
13007064
13007067
13007068
13007069
13007070
13007071
13007072
13007073
13007074
13007075
13007076
13007077
13007078
13007082
13007086
13007087
13007090
13007091
13007095
13007096
13007098
13007100
13007101
13007105
13007106

Nama
1
Daniel
6
Thomas
6
Anthony
8
Harris
8
Barry
8
Richard
8
Maria
8
Dave
8
Siti
8
Rani
8
Herdadi
6
Hubert
8
Lasa
8
Riko
6
Laras
8
Alvin
8
Arlavinda
8
Rizal
8
Herdinas
6
Mohammad
6
Rian
8
Sarmedi
8
Vipassi
6
Frebigia
8
Rikardo
8
Iffan
8
Sabrina
8
Joseph
6
Rusnang
8
Phelia
8
rata-rata 7.5

2
6
6
8
6
8
8
8
8
8
6
8
6
8
6
8
8
8
6
6
6
6
8
6
6
8
8
8
6
8
8
7.1

3
10
10
10
4
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
9.8

4
6
6
10
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
10
6
6
6
6
5
6
6
6
6.2

5
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10.0

6
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
0
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
3.9

5Peb
7.00
7.00
8.33
6.33
7.67
7.67
7.67
7.67
7.67
7.33
7.33
7.33
7.00
7.00
7.67
7.67
7.67
7.33
7.00
7.00
7.33
8.33
7.00
7.33
7.67
7.67
7.50
7.00
7.67
7.67
7.4