EVAPORATOR 01

NERACA MASSA
input output
Komponen BM arus 12 arus 13(Liquid) arus 14 (Vapor)
kmol/jam kg/jam kmol/jam kg/jam kmol/jam kg/jam
(NH4)2SO4 132 2.4720 326.3001 2.4720 326.3001 0.0000 0.0000
NaCl 58.5 9.8879 578.4417 9.8879 578.4417 0.0000 0.0000
Na2SO4 142 0.1888 26.8061 0.1888 26.8061 0.0000 0.0000
NH4Cl 53.5 98.8736 5289.7386 98.8736 5289.7386 0.0000 0.0000
H2O 18 1188.9347 21400.8246 118.8935 2140.0825 1070.0412 19260.7421

1300.3570 27622.1111 230.3157 8361.3690 1070.0412 19260.7421

Total 27622.1111 27622.1111

T Feed = 81.00 C 354.00 K F

T Vapor = 105.24 C 378.240 K V
T Liquid = 105.24 C 378.240 K L
T ref = 25.000 C 298.000 K
NERACA PANAS
data cp ( Carl . L Yaws "chemical Properties handbook" )
Cpl = A + BT + CT^2 + DT^3 KJ/kmol/K
1 1 1
 cp.dT  A(T
2 2 3 3 4 4
2  T1 )  B(T2  T1 )  C(T2  T1 )  D(T2  T1 )
2 3 4

1. Menghitung panas yang dibawa Feed (hf)

komponen A B C D F, kmol cp Q
(NH4)2SO4 24.56 1.3110E-01 -2.1300E-05 0.0000E+00 2.4720 3642.9146 9005.1777
NaCl 41.293 3.3607E-02 -1.3927E-05 0.0000E+00 9.8879 3048.7902 30146.1089
Na2SO4 12.202 5.8138E-01 -6.0649E-04 0.0000E+00 0.1888 7714.7947 1456.3616
NH4Cl 23.118 1.5000E-01 -3.0267E-05 0.0000E+00 98.8736 3854.2381 381082.4692 421690.1175
H2O 92.053 -3.9953E-02 -2.1103E-04 5.3469E-07 1188.9347 4224.1970 5022294.3917
kJ 5443984.5092
2. Menghitung panas yang dibawa Vapor (Hv)
panas sensible
komponen A B C D E V, kmol cp Q
H2O 9.21E+01 -4.00E-02 -2.11E-04 5.35E-07 1070.0412 6058.6815 6483038.9414

Panas Laten Hvap = A(1-T/Tc)^n

komponen A Tc n V, kmol dHvap Q
H2O 52.053 647.13 0.321 1070.0412 39.2655 42015.6858

total panas pengupan = panas sensible + panas laten

total panas penguapan = 6483038.9414 + 42015.6858
total panas penguapan = 6525054.6272 kJ

3. Menghitung panas yang dibawa Liquid (hl)

komponen A B C D F, kmol cp Q
(NH4)2SO4 24.56 1.3110E-01 -2.1300E-05 0.0000E+00 2.4720 5333.1872 13183.4818
NaCl 41.293 3.3607E-02 -1.3927E-05 0.0000E+00 9.8879 4098.0588 40521.1634
Na2SO4 12.202 5.8138E-01 -6.0649E-04 0.0000E+00 0.1888 11218.5449 2117.7827
NH4Cl 23.118 1.5000E-01 -3.0267E-05 0.0000E+00 98.8736 5648.4344 558481.1493 614303.577
H2O 92.053 -3.9953E-02 -2.1103E-04 5.3469E-07 118.8935 6058.6815 720337.6602
kJ 1334641.2373
panas masuk evaporator = panas umpan + panas steam
= panas umpan + ( panas penguapan + ( panas produk - panas umpan)
= 5443984.5092 + 6525054.6272 + 1334641.2373 - 5443984.5092
= 7859695.8645 kJ

panas keluar evaporator = panas produk + panas penguapan

= 1334641.2373 + 6525054.6272
 = 7859695.8645 kJ

Neraca Panas Evaporator

Panas Masuk,kJ Panas Keluar,kJ
Q umpan 5,443,984.5092 Q produk 1,334,641.2373
Q steam 2,415,711.3553 Q penguapan 6,525,054.6272
Total 7,859,695.8645 7,859,695.8645
 EVAPORATOR

T= 354.15 K= 81 C

DENSITAS
formula : ρ = A*B^(-(1-T/Tc)^n) g/mL T dalam K
Nilai konstanta masing-masing komponen :
Komponen A B n Tc -(1-T/Tc)^n ρ (g/ml) ρ (kg/m3)
(NH4)2SO4 0.2015 0.1125 0.28571 1104.32 -0.895404394 1.4252047 1425.20472
NaCl 0.22127 0.10591 0.37527 3400.00 -0.959562351 1.9079031 1907.90309
Na2SO4 0.26141 0.1 0.28571 3700.00 -0.971663364 2.4489818 2448.98182
NH4Cl 0.75456 0.3 0.28571 882.00 -0.8635722 2.1342109 2134.21087
H2O 0.3471 0.274 0.28571 647.13 -0.797392023 0.9745134 974.513433

neraca massa masuk evaporator

komponen Fv (kg/jam) BM kmol rho(kg/m3) Fv(m3/jam) wi
(NH4)2SO4 326.3001 132 2.4720 1425.2047 0.2289 0.0118
NaCl 578.4417 58.5 9.8879 1907.9031 0.3032 0.0209
Na2SO4 26.8061 142 0.1888 2448.9818 0.0109 0.0010
NH4Cl 5289.7386 53.5 98.8736 2134.2109 2.4785 0.1915
H2O 21400.8246 18 1188.9347 974.5134 21.9605 0.77477
27622.1111 8890.8139 24.9821 1.0000
rho campuran = 1105.674084 kg/m3 = 1.1056740839 kg/L
1.105674084 g/ml= 69.0249794877320 lb/ft3
titik didih larutan keluar produk(L)
dari trial diperoleh
P= 0.9950 atm 756.2 mmHg
T1 = 221.4320 °F 105.2400 °C = 378.3900 K
T sat Steam = 180.0000 °C = 356 °F

Menghitung boiling point water

Dipilih P operasi= 1.0 atm = 14.6265 psia = 756.2000 mmHg
Td = f ( Ps )
 3816.4
TSO   46.13
Ln(PS ) 18.304
Tso = 373.012 K = 100.012 °C = 212.021 °F
 SIFAT-SIFAT FISIS UNTUK PERHITUNGAN HE - evaporator 01

Fluida dingin
Input = output reaktor
Laju alir
Komp BM BM * xi
Kg/jam kmol/jam wi xi
(NH4)2SO4 132.00 326.3001 2.4720 0.0118 0.0019 0.250931186
NaCl 58.50 578.4417 9.8879 0.0209 0.0076 0.444833007
Na2SO4 142.00 26.8061 0.1888 0.0010 0.0001 0.020614396
NH4Cl 53.50 5289.7386 98.8736 0.1915 0.0760 4.067912742
H2O 18.00 21400.8246 1188.9347 0.7748 0.9143 16.45765378
total 27622.1111 1300.3570 1.0000 1.0000 21.24194512

BM avg = = xi*Bmi = 21.241945116 kg/kmol

Suhu masuk = 354.15 K
Suhu keluar = 378.39 K
Sifat Fisis fluida dingin dievaluasi pada Taverage = 366.27 K

Fluida panas
Input = steam suhu masuk = 453.150 K
suhu keluar = 453.150 K
Taverage = 453.150 K

Panas Penguapan fluida dingin (Yaws, 1999)

T= 366.27 K
Laju alir
Komp BM
Kg/jam kmol/jam wi yi
H2O 18.00 19260.742107 1070.04122815 1 1
T(K) dHvap(KJ/mol) = A(1-T/Tc)^n
A Tc n dHvap dH*f
H2O 52.053 647.13 0.321 39.8183 42607.2249

dHvap = 42607.2249 KJ/jam

Kapasitas panas fluida dingin (Yaws, 1999)

Cp liquid = A+BT+CT2+DT3
Cp (J/mol.K = kJ/kmol.K)
T (K)
Senyawa A B C D Cp Cp*f
(NH4)2SO4 24.56 0.1311 -0.0000213 0 6.9721E+01 1.7235E+02
NaCl 41.293 0.033607 -0.000013927 0 5.1734E+01 5.1154E+02
Na2SO4 12.202 0.58138 -0.00060649 0 1.4378E+02 2.7142E+01
NH4Cl 23.118 0.15 -0.000030267 0 7.3998E+01 7.3165E+03
H2O 92.053 -0.039953 -0.00021103 5.3469E-07 7.5382E+01 8.9624E+04
Cp liquid =sigma(Cpi*xi) 9.7651E+04 kJ/kmol.K
= 9.7651E+04 kJ/kmol.K

Kapasitas panas fluida panas (Yaws, 1999)

Cp liquid = A+BT+CT2+DT3+ET4
Cp (J/mol.K = kJ/kmol.K)
T (K)
Senyawa A B C D E
steam 33.933 -8.42E-03 2.99E-05 -1.78E-08 3.69E-12
Cp steam = 3.48E+01 kJ/kmol.K
Viskositas Fluida dingin (Yaws,1999)
log10 (nliq) = A+B/T+CT+D*T^2
nliq ( centipoise) T (K)
Komp A B C D log ni ni xi/ni
(NH4)2SO4 -0.8734 1042 -6.583E-12 2.64E-13 1.9714958749 9.3647E+01 2.0299E-05
NaCl -0.9169 1078.9 -0.000076231 1.1105E-08 2.0023098423 1.0053E+02 7.5636E-05
Na2SO4 11.2905 -4576.9 -0.006784 9.2443E-07 -3.5662328793 2.7150E-04 5.3471E-01
NH4Cl -0.8508 930.43 -4.7565E-12 1.7769E-15 1.6894844881 4.8920E+01 1.5543E-03
H2O -10.2158 1792.5 0.01773 -1.2631E-05 -0.5223977408 3.0033E-01 3.0443E+00
total 2.4340E+02 3.5807E+00
ni = 1/sigma(xi/ni) = 2.7928E-01 cp

Viskositas Fluida dingin pada tw (Yaws,1999)

log10 (nliq) = A+B/T+CT+D*T^2 tw = 356 F =. 453.1500 K
nliq ( centipoise) T (K)
Komp A B C D log ni ni xi/ni
(NH4)2SO4 -0.8734 1042 -6.583E-12 2.64E-13 1.4260593914 2.6672E+01 7.1272E-05
NaCl -0.9169 1078.9 -0.000076231 1.1105E-08 1.431725608 2.7023E+01 2.8139E-04
Na2SO4 11.2905 -4576.9 -0.006784 9.2443E-07 -1.6940301692 2.0229E-02 7.1765E-03
NH4Cl -0.8508 930.43 -4.7565E-12 1.7769E-15 1.2024494741 1.5939E+01 4.7705E-03
H2O -10.2158 1792.5 0.01773 -1.2631E-05 -0.8195183896 1.5152E-01 6.0341E+00
total 6.9805E+01 6.0464E+00
ni = 1/sigma(xi/ni) = 1.6539E-01 cp
4.0009E-01 lb/ ft . hr

Viskositas Fluida panas

T(K) n_gas(micropoise) = A+BT+CT2
Komp A B C ni
H2O -36.826 0.4290 -1.62E-05 1.5425E+02 micropoise
1.54E+01 cp

viscositas fluida panas pada tw = 154.2488 mikropoise

15.4249 cp

Densitas Fluida dingin

dari yaws, diperoleh
ρL = A.B-(1-T/Tc)^n
ρL (g/mL=1000 kg/m3) ; T (K)
Komp wi A B n Tc ρL (g/mL) wi/rho
(NH4)2SO4 0.0118 0.2015 0.1125 0.28571 1104.32 1.41231842 0.00836426
NaCl 0.0209412558 0.22127 0.10591 0.37527 3400 1.901767488 0.01101147
Na2SO4 0.0009704571 0.26141 0.1 0.28571 3700 2.443310318 0.00039719
NH4Cl 0.191503778 0.75456 0.3 0.28571 882 2.119583319 0.09034973
H2O 0.7747715049 0.3471 0.274 0.28571 647.13 0.962517584 0.8049427
Total 1.0000 8.839497127 0.91506535
Densitas cairan = 1/(Σ(wi/ρL))
= 1.0928E+00 g/ml = 6.8222E+01 lbm/ft3
H2O (T=Tsteam) = 1.1509E+00 g/ml = 7.1848E+01 lbm/ft3

Densitas Fluida panas

dari steam tabel, sat steam pada 356 F 180 C
volume spesifik = 193.8 cm3/gr (SVA, Tabel F1, hal. 671)
3.1085 f /lbm
3

densitas = 0.3217 lbm/f3

Konduktivitas Panas Fluida dingin

formula : k = A + BT + CT^2
Nilai konstanta masing-masing komponen :
 Komponen A B C k k*wi
NaCl 51.6119 -0.2961 0.00047053 6.2827 0.1316
H2O -0.2758 0.004612 -5.5391E-06 0.6703 0.5194

Data konduktivitas panas (k) untuk bahan anorganik (W / m K)

formula : k = A + BT + CT^2
Komponen A B C k K*wi
NaCl 51.6119 -0.2961 0.00047053 6.2827 0.1316
H2O -0.2758 0.004612 -5.5391E-06 0.6703 0.5194
konduktivitas panas campuran 0.6509 W/m.K

Konduktivitas Panas Fluida panas

Kgas = A + BT + CT^2
kgas=W/m.K dan T =K
Senyawa A B C k
steam 0.00053 4.71E-05 4.96E-08 2.1870E-02
14.991 245
248
13.802 250
Velocity (V) Velocity (V)
V= Gs /( 3600 *r) V=
rho = 0.3216972712 lb / ft3 rho =
V= 1.0803280958 fps V=

Dipilih susunan Triangular pitch dengan pertimbangan :

1. Kapasitas fluida yang akan didinginkan besar sehingga dengan susunan ini
akan lebih banyak tube terpasang pada shell
2. Pressure drop rendah

Dari fig.6.17 Ludwig,hal.360

ER ( entrainment ratio ) udara = 0.95
massa uap = 6194.4804 kg/jam
ER ( entrainment ratio ) air = 0.92
massa air = 9687.3033 kg/jam

total campuran uap = 15881.7837 kg/jam

35012.7506 lb/jam (Wa)
Dari fig.3.3 Evans, hal.87 diperoleh :
Ra = lb steam/lb campuran = 8
Mp = faktor pengali steam = 1
Ws = kebutuhan steam
Ws = Ra.Mp.Wa ( hal.86 Evans )
Ws = 280102.0051 lb/jam
Untuk perancangan kebutuhan steam ditambah 10%
Jadi,kebutuhan steam = 308112.20564 lb/jam
139759.6965 kg/jam

kebutuhanWs = W's*Wm*K*F (Ludwig hal 372,pers 6.22)

W's = 4 fig 6.28 ludwig hal 375
 Wm = 0 lbm/jam
Wa= 5289.7386 kg/jam = 11661.7578 lbm/jam
Wa/Wm = #DIV/0!
K= 0.3 fig 6.28C
F= 1.1 fig 6.28D
maka Ws = 0 lbm steam/jam
 Velocity (V)
Gt /( 3600 *r)
68.2222610522 lb / ft3
0.0405775437 fps

hingga dengan susunan ini

perancangan HE Evaporator 01

Kode = HE-evaporator
Fungsi = Menguapkan air dalam evaporator
Tujuan = 1. Menentukan tipe heater
2. memilih bahan konstruksi
3. menentukan spesifikasi heater

a. Fluida dingin (output reaktor)

suhu masuk = 81.00 ºC = 354.15 K= 177.80 ºF
suhu keluar = 105.24 ºC = 378.39 K= 221.432 ºF
Tavg = 93.12 ºC = 366.27 K= 199.62 ºF
tekanan = 0.995 atm
laju alir massa (W) = 27,622.1111 kg/jam = 60,895.7061 lb/jam
laju alir molar (n) = 1,300.3570 kmol/jam
Beban panas (Q sensible) = 3,078,037,533.0665 kJ/jam
= 2,917,363,973.8405 Btu/jam

Uap air yang terbentuk

laju alir massa (w1) = 19,260.7421 kg/jam = 42,462.2320 lb/jam
laju alir molar (n1) = 1,070.0412 kmol/jam
Qlaten = n.dHvap = 42,607.2249 kJ/jam
Beban panas (Qlaten) = 40,383.1278 Btu/jam
Beban panas Total (Q) = Q sensible + Q laten
Q = 3,078,080,140.2914 kJ/jam
Q = 2,917,404,356.9682 Btu/jam
b. Fluida panas ( steam)
Suhu masuk = 180.000 ºC = 453.150 K= 356.000 F
suhu keluar = 180.000 ºC = 453.150 K= 356.000 F
Tekanan = 9.9 atm 1002.7 kpa
Tavg = 180.000 ºC = 453.150 K= 356.000 F
entalpi cair = 763.1 kJ/kg= 328.3628 Btu/lb (SVA, Tabel F1, hal. 691)
entalpi uap = 2776.30 kJ/kg= 1194.6452 Btu/lb
 Panas laten = 2013.20 kJ/kg= 866.2824 Btu/lb

Q
laju alir massa ( w ) =
Hvap
= 2,415,711.3553 kJ/jam
2013.2000 kJ/kg
= 1,199.9361 kg/jam
= 2,643.0311 lb/jam
1 Menentukan Tipe Heater
tipe heater yang dipilih Shell and Tube
alasan pemilihan =
1 merupakan jenis HE yang digunakan pada evaporator dengan area transfer untuk A > 200 ft2

2 Memilih Bahan Konsruksi

bahan tube = Stainless stell SA 283 grade C
alasan = 1. Harganya murah
2. Mudah dalam fabrikasi
3. Paling umum digunakan
4. Untuk proses pada tekanan moderat dan suhu kurang dari 900°F
bahan shell = Cast Steel
alasan = Pemanas yang digunakan adalah steam yang kondensatnya adalah air yang korosif
3 Menentukan Spesifikasi Heater
a. Penentuan ∆T LMTD
hot fluid (F) cold fluid (F) diff
356.000 (T1) higher (t2) 221.432 134.568 Δt1
356.000 (T2) lower (t1) 177.80 178.200 Δt2
0 diff -43.632 43.632

untuk aliran counter current kern hal 92

∆T LMTD = ∆t2 - ∆t1 (kern pers 5.14)

Ln (∆t2/∆t1)
 ∆T LMTD = 43.632 = 155.36 F
0.2808
b. Penentuan Harga Ud
viskositas fluida dingin = 0.2793 cp
untuk sistem steam - light organic ( viskositas < 0.5 cp)
Ud = 75 - 150 Btu/ft2.F.Hr (Tabel 8. Kern, hal 840)
diambil harga Ud = 150 Btu / ft2.F.hr

c. Penentuan Luas Perpindahan Panas

A = Q / (Ud * ∆ T LMTD) kern, pers 7.42
= 291,740,435.6968 Btu/jam
150 Btu/ft2.F.hr* 155.36 F
= 12518.5598 ft
2

d. Memilih Spesifikasi Tube

dari tabel 10 kern dipilih pipa dengan spesifikasi
ODt = 1 in = 0.0254 m
BWG = 18
IDt = 0.902 in
A't = 0.639 in2 At = flow area per tube
Ao = 0.3925 ft /ft
2
Ao = Surface per lin ft
Panjang (L) = 24 ft = 7.3152 m = 288 in
Pt = 1 1/ 4 x ODt (coulson,v.6 hal 646)
Pt = 1.250000 in

Jumlah Tube (Nt) = A/(L*Ao)

= 12518.5598 ft2
24 ft * 0.3925 ft2/ft
= 1328.9342
pass = 1P
Pola Tube = triangular pitch
 dari tabel 9 kern hal 1083
387 1377 tube
shell ID= 39 in= 1 m
IDs = 39 in = 1 m
Baffle spacing= shell diameter = 39 in (kern hal 226)
Nt = 1377
pass (n) = 1
C'= Pt - Odt = 1/4 in
e. Koreksi Harga A
L tot = 24 ft
A'= Ao * Ltot*Nt
A'= 0.3925 ft2/ft x 24 ft x 1377
= 12971.34 ft2
f. koreksi harga Ud
Ud = Q/ (A' *∆T LMTD)
= 2,917,404,356.9682 Btu/jam
12971.34 ft2 * 155.4 F
= 144.764 Btu / ft2. F. hr

(shell side,fluida panas,steam) Tube side

(fluida dingin, keluar eva)

g. menghitung flow area g. menghitung flow area

Pt= 1 1/4 in = 0.10 ft A't = 0.639 in2
IDs = 39 in = 3.2500 ft Nt = 1377
Bs = 39 in n= 1
C" = 1/4 in At = ( Nt * A' t )/( 144 n )
= 1377 x 0.639
As = (ID shell *C' *B)/(144*Pt)) (kern pers. 7.1) = 144 x 1
As = 39 x 1/4 x 39 At = 6.1104375 ft2
144 x 1 1/4
= 2.11 ft2
h. menghitung Gs h. menghitung Gt
 Gs = W/As (kern pers. 7.2) Gt= W/At
= 2643.031 lb/jam = 60895.706 lb/jam
2.11 ft2 6.110 ft2
= 1251.14 lb / ft2.jam = 9965.85 lb / ft2.jam

i. Mencari Bilangan reynold i. Mencari Bilangan reynold

pada Tavg = 453.15 K μ= 0.279 cp
μ= 15.4249 cp = 0.676 lb/ ft . hr
= 37.3143 lb/ ft . hr IDt = 0.0751667 ft ( tabel 10 kern)
De = 0.73 ft (Kern, fig.28) Ret = IDt * Gt / m
Res = De * Gs / µ (Kern, Pers. 7.3) = 0.0751667 x 9965.85
= 0.73 x 1251.139 0.676
3.73E+01 = 1108.800
= 24.476702 L/D = 319.290

j. JH = 2.5 (Kern, fig.28) j. Jh = 3 (Kern, Fig.24)

k. mencari ho k. mencari hi
untuk kondensasi steam, hi=jH*(k/D)*(Cp*μ/k)^(1/3)*Φt
ho= 1500 Btu/hr.ft2 F (kern, HAL.164) Φt = (µ/µw)^0,14
BMavg = 21.242 kg/kmol
suhu dinding tube Cp = 97651.453 kJ/kmol/K
tw = tc+((ho/(hio+ho))*(Tc-tc)) pers 5.31 = 4597.105 kJ/kg.K
tw= 356.0000 F = 1108.270 Btu/lb.oF
k= 0.651 W/m.K
= 0.376 Btu / hr .ft.F
μ= 0.676 lb/ ft . hr
µw= 0.400 lb/ ft . hr
(Yaws,1999)
(Cp*μ/k)^(1/3) = 12.580
Φt = (µ/µw)^0,14 = 1.076
 maka,
hi/Фt= 203.2040

l. Mencari hio
hio/Φt = hi/Фt*(IDt/ODt)
IDt = 0.902 in
ODt = 1 in
hio/Φt = 203.204 x
1
hio= 183.2900 Btu/h.Ft2.F

m. mencari harga clean overall coefficient (Uc)

Uc = ( hio * ho ) / ( hio + ho )
Uc = 183.2900 x 1500
183.2900 + 1500
Uc = 163.332 Btu / hr . ft2 . F

n. mencari Dirt Factor

Rd = (Uc -Ud)/(Uc*Ud)
Rd = 163.332 - 144.764
163.332 x 144.764
Rd = 0.0008 hr. ft2 . F / Btu
Rd dibutuhkan= 0.001
Rd OK
 PRESSURE DROP

( Shell side, Fluida Panas, steam) (Tube side,)

( fluida dingin,keluar flash drum )
1. Mencari faktor friksi (f) 1. Mencari faktor friksi (f)
Res = 24.4767 untuk Ret= 1108.800 (kern, fig 26)
f= 0.0034 ft2/in2 (kern, fig 29) f= 0.00013 ft2/in2
ρsteam= 0.32170 lbm/ft3 ρ campuran = 68.222
g'= 32.2 ft/s2
2. mencari jumlah crosses 2. Mencari delta Pt
N +1 = 12 * ( L / B ) ( Kern 7.43 ) ∆ Pt = f*Gt^2*L*n
N +1 = 12 x 288 5.22*10^10*D*s*θ
39 ρ liquid = 68.222
N+1= 88.615 ρ air pd Tavg = 71.848
N= 87.615 S.gravity (s) = 0.950
IDs = 3.250 ft θ (viscocity ratio) =( µ/µw)^0,14
ρsteam= 0.322 lbm/ft3 = 1.076
ρ air pada Tst = 71.848 lbm/ft3 ∆ Pt = 0.106
s gravity (s) = 0.0045 3.Mencari delta Pr
θ (viscocity ratio) =( µ/µw)^0,14 ΔPr = (4*n/s)*(V^2/2*g')
= 1.00 V= Gt /( 3600 *r)
V= 0.041 fps
ΔPr = 0.15
4. mencari delta PT
3.. Mencari delta Ps ΔPT = ΔPr + ΔPt
ΔPs = (f*Gs^2* Ds*(N+1))/(5.22*10^10*De*s*Φs) = 0.15 + 0.11
= 0.01 psi (kern 12.47) = 0.25 psi
= 0.000611 atm = 0.017 atm

KESIMPULAN
Shell side, Fluida Panas, Steam Tube side, fluida dingin, keluar rotary vacuum filter
h outside
1500 Btu/h.ft2.F 183.2900
Uc = 163.332 BTU/ hr.Ft2.F
Ud = 144.764 BTU/ hr.Ft2.F
Rd perancangan = 0.0008 hr. ft2 . F / Btu
Rd dibutuhkan = 0.001 hr. ft2 . F / Btu
0.01 psi delta P perhitungan 0.2547 psi
10 psi delta P diijinkan 10 psi

ID = 39 in Nt = 1377
Length = 288 in
Baffle = 39 in OD = 1 in
BWG = 18
Passes = 1 passes = 1
 RESUME

Kode : HE-Evaporator
Fungsi : Menguapkan air
Tipe : Shell & Tube 1-1 Heat Exchanger
Spesifikasi :
beban panas = 2917404356.9682 Btu/jam = 3078080140.29143 kJ/jam
Luas tr. Panas = 12971.34 ft2 = 1205.0769188736 m2
panjang = 24 ft = 7.3152 m
Shell side
fluida = fluida panas,steam
tekanan = 9.9 atm = 145.469 psi
.Suhu = 356 F = 180 C
kapasitas = 2643.0311 lbm./jam = 1199.9361 kg/jam
material = Cast Steel
Tube side
fluida = fluida dingin keluar reaktor
tekanan = 0.995 atm = 14.63 psi
.Suhu = 177.80 ~ 221.432 F = 81.00 ~ 105.24 C
kapasitas = 60895.706 lbm./jam = 27622.1110703725 kg/jam
material = Stainless stell SA 283 grade C
coulson,v.6 hal 645
coulson,v.6 hal 646
 Tube side
fluida dingin, keluar eva)

pers 7.48
lb / ft2.jam

( tabel 10 kern)

(Kern, Fig.24)

(Kern, 6.15a)

kJ/kmol/K

Btu / hr .ft.F

(Yaws,1999)
 pers 6.5 kern

0.902
1
Btu/h.Ft2.F
 (Tube side,)
da dingin,keluar flash drum )

(kern, fig 26)

lbm/ft3

(kern 7.45)

psi

(Kern 7.46)

psi
MENENTUKAN DIMENSI EVAPORATOR Alasan:Umpan masuk dapat tercampur dengan baik pada sirkulasi slurry (Walas,1990)
1. Tinggi Displacement Vapor
spesifik volum uap air pada T1 = 221.432 F adalah 26.8 ft3/lb
Banyaknya uap air terbentuk = 19260.742 kg//jam = 42462.232 lb/jam
Rate volumetrik uap air = Q_h2o = 1137987.81889444 ft3/jam

P= 0.9950 atm
R= 0.7302 atm ft3/lb mole °F P.BM
 
rho = 0.1108 lb/ft3 R.T

spesifik volum uap H2O pada T1 = 221.432 F adalah 9.028 ft3/lb

Banyaknya uap H2O terbentuk = 19260.742 kg//jam = 42462.232 lb/jam
Rate volumetrik uap H2O = Q_H2O = 383344.684 ft3/jam

Kecepatan linier uap dalam tube (u) = 15 - 20 ft/det. (Walas, hal xv)
Dipilih u = 15 ft/detik = 54000 ft/jam

Q  1  D2 u
4
D=
√ 4Q
π.u
diperoleh = D= 3.0072 ft
= 0.9166 m
= 36.0865 in
H= D
H= 3.0072 ft = 0.9166 m
2. menentukan tebal shell

P . ri
ts = +c
fE− 0 .6P
Dipilih bahan : stainless stell SA353 P= 756.2 mmHg
dengan : 0.9950 atm
f= 22500 14.6265 psia
E= 0.8 rho = 68.2223 lbm/ft3
ri= 18.0432 in
c= 0.125
P design = 1,1 (Pop +Phidrostatik) = 1,1 ( Pop + rho (H-1)/144)
P design = 17.1352 psia
ts = 0.1422 in
dipilih tebal shell standar = 1/4in = 1/ 4 in ( Tabel 5.6,halaman 88, Brownell,1959 )

3. Menentukan Dimensi Head dan Bottom

menentukan tebal head

P.d
th= +c
2fE−0. 2P

th = 0.1422 in
dipilih tebal standar = 1/ 4 in
menentukan tinggi head

Jenis dan Dimensi Head

dipilih : Torissperical dished head
OD = ID + 2t = 36.5865 in = 0.9293 m
dari Tabel 5.7 Brownell diperoleh ID = 65 1/ 2 in
OD standar = 66 icr = 4
r= 66
Tinggi Head
t= 1/ 4
sf = 2 in (tabel 5.6 brownel)
AB = ID/2-icr = 28 3/4 in = 0.7303 m 115
BC = rc-icr = 62 in = 1.5748 m 28.75
AC = √ BC2−AB2 = 54.9312 in = 1.3953 m
b= rc-AC = 11.0688 in = 0.2811 m
OA = t + b + sf = 13.3188 in = 0.3383 m
H Head = 1.1099 ft = 0.3383 m
4. menentukan tinggi tangki total
Tinggi Vapor Displacement = 0.9166 m
L Tube = 7.3152 m 24.0000 ft
Tinggi Tangki Total = Tinggi Displacement + L tube + 2 Tinggi dish head = 8.9084 m
ft
DIAMETER NOZEL PEMASUKAN DAN PENGELUARAN
Untuk menentukan diameter nozel yang berhubungan dari dan ke Evaporator
digunakan persamaan:
Di,opt = 3.9*qf^(0.45)*rhof^(0.13) (pers.6.32. Walas)

dengan Di,0pt = diameter optimum, in

qf = debit fluida, cuft/s
rhof = densitas fluida, lb/cuft
a. Pipa umpan masuk Evaporator
F= 27622.1111 kg/jam 60896.6491112513 lb/jam
suhu = 354.1500 K
R= 8314 J/K/mol
rhof campuran = 1.1057 kg/L
= 69.0272 lb/ft3
qf = Flow rate / rhof = 0.2451 ft3/s
Di,opt = 3.5918 in
0.2993 0.091231014
Dipakai pipa standaar (IPS) (kern tabel 11)
Nominal pipe size = 4 in
OD = 4.5 in
ID = 4.026 in
Schedule number = 40

b. Pipa keluar produk cair

L = 8361.3689637 kg/jam = 18433.7595 lb / jam
dari yaws, diperoleh
ρL = A.B-(1-T/Tc)^n
ρL (g/mL=1000 kg/m3) ; T (K) T= 378.39 K
Komp Fv (kg/jam) wi A B n Tc ρL (g/mL) wi/rho
(NH4)2SO4 326.3001 0.1038 0.2015 0.1125 0.28571 1104.32 1.3994 0.0742
NaCl 578.4417 0.1840 0.22127 0.10591 0.37527 3400.00 1.8956 0.0971
Na2SO4 0.1888 0.0001 0.26141 0.1 0.28571 3700.00 2.4376 0.0000
NH4Cl 98.8736 0.0314 0.75456 0.3 0.28571 882.00 2.1048 0.0149
H2O 2140.0825 0.6807 0.3471 0.274 0.28571 647.13 0.9503 0.7163
Total 3143.8867 1 0.9025
Densitas cairan = 1/(Σ(wi/ρL)) = 1.1080 g/ml = 6.9172E+01 lbm/ft3
 rho campuran= 69.17 lb/ft3
qf = 0.07 cuft/s
Di,opt = 2.0964 in

Dipakai pipa standaar (IPS)

Nominal pipe size = 2 1/2 in
OD = 2.88 in
ID = 2.469 in
Schedule number = 40

c. Pipa keluar produk uap

V= 19260.7421 kg/jam = 42462.8896 lb/jam
suhu = 378.39 K = 436.47 oF
rhof uap = 68.2223 lb/ft3
qf = Flow rate / rhof = 0.1729 ft3/s
Di,opt = 3.0653 in
Dipakai pipa standaar (IPS)
Nominal pipe size = 4 in
OD 4.5 in
ID 4.026 in
Schedule number = 40

d. Pipa masuk saturated steam

V= 1199.9361 kg/jam = 2645.4201 lb/jam
suhu = 453.150 K
rho = 0.3217 lb/ft3
qf = Flow rate / rhof = 2.2843 ft3/s
 Di,opt = 4.8805 in

Dipakai pipa standaar (IPS)

Nominal pipe size = 6 in
OD 6.625 in
ID 6.065 in
Schedule number = 40

SPESIFIKASI EVAPORATOR ( E-01 )

Fungsi: Memekatkan produk keluar reaktor dengan menguapkan kandungan air
sehingga diperoleh konsentrasi yang lebih pekat dengan proses evaporasi

Jenis : forced circulation (Vertical tube evaporator) alasan = cukup besar dalam memungkinkan lebih mud
Fasa : Cair
Bentuk : Silinder tegak
Suhu masuk = 354.1500 K
Suhu keluar= 378.3900 K
Tekanan = masuk: 0.9950 atm
keluar: 1.0123 atm
Tinggi Evaporator = 8.9084 m 29.2270 ft
Tebal head = 1/4 in
Diameter Displacement vapor = 0.9166 m 3.0072 ft
Diameter evaporator = 1.1273 m 3.6985 ft
Pipa umpan masuk = 4 in
Pipa keluar produk uap = 4.00 in
Pipa keluar produk cair= 3 in
Pipa masuk saturated steam= 6 in
Bahan Konstruksi = stainless stell SA353
cukup besar dalam memungkinkan lebih mudah membersihkan atau penggantian tabung
Perlengkapan Evaporator 01
karena menggunakan tekanan vakum yaitu pada tekanan 0.1104 atm maka evaporator dilengkapi dengan :

1. Steam ejector

Fungsi : Untuk mempertahankan kondisi vakuum dalam evaporator 01

Alasan penggunaan ejector :
1. Dapat digunakan untuk campuran uap yang basah, kering,ataupun korosif
2. Semua ukuran tersedia untuk kebutuhan kapasitas besar ataupun kecil
3. Efisiensi tinggi
4. Tidak memiliki bagian yang bergerak,sehingga memerlukan perawatan yang sderhana
5. Beroperasi dengan tenang .
6. Biaya instalasi lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan pompa vakuum
7. Mudah dalam pengoperasian

( Ludwig, vol.I hal.345 )

Tujuan : 1. Menentukan jenis ejector
2. Menentukan tekanan dan kebutuhan steam
3. Menentukan ukuran ejector

a. Menentukan jenis ejector

Suction pressure : tekanan sistem yang dijaga =82.8068 mmHg = 29.382338 inHg
Discharge pressure : tekanan keluar ejector = 760 mmHg = 29.92126 inHg
rasio kompresi : 1.0183
rasio kompresi maximum untuk single stage ejector adalah 10. ( perry hal 10-56)
maka digunakan single stage ejector.
b. Menentukan tekanan dan kebutuhan steam
motive gas : steam tekana 476.2275 kPa
4.7000 atm
69.0900 psi
140.6299 inHg
suhu steam = 453.1500 K (drmn?klu pada data HE 01:453,15)
Tekanan vacum yang diinginkan : 0.9950 atm
14.4352 psi
29.3823375705 inHg
stage 1
Poa = 69.0900 psi
Pob = 14.4352 psi
Po3 = 14.7000 psi (tekanan keluar alat)
Po3/Pob = 1.0183
Pob/Poa = 0.2089
BM rata rata campuran = 0.0000 kg/kmol
entraiment ratio = wb/wa = 0.8000 fig 6.18 ludwig
Nilai wb/wa dikoreksi dengan persamaan 6.36 Perry :
w wb Toa.Mb

wa wa Tob.Ma
dengan :
Toa = 453.1500 K Dapat drmna?
Tob = 387.1383 K Dapat drmna?
Ma = Mb
w

wa 0.8655 kg campuran gas / kg steam a
maka kebutuhan steam tekanan tinggi (motive gas) = 8361.3690 / 0.8655
 9660.4972 kg/jam
21297.5321 lb/jam
c. Menentukan ukuran ejector
Dn Dd
Pm

Ws D2

Wa,2
P2

Wa,1
P1

L
D1
Dari persamaan hal.94 Evans :
D1 = 2(Wa,1/P1)0,48
D2 = 3/4 D1
Dd = 0,94(Wa,2/P2)0,5
L= 9D1
Diketahui :
Wa,1 = 11,661.7578 lb/jam
P1 = 29.3823 inHg
Wa,2 = 32,959.2899 lb/jam (wa1+ws)
P2 = 29.9213 inHg
Pm = 140.6299 inHg
Ws = 21,297.5321 lb/jam
D1 = 35.3505 in 0.8979 m
D2 = 26.5129 in 0.6734 m
 Dd = 31.1980 in 0.7924 m
Dn = 1.9213 in 0.0488 m
L= 318.1543 in 8.0811 m
Resume Ejector

Fungsi = Untuk mempertahankan kondisi vakuum dalam evaporator 01

Jenis = Steam Jet Ejector
Jumlah stage = single
Tekanan steam = 4.7000 atm
Kabutuhan steam = 9660.4972 kg/jam
ukuran =
D1 : 0.8979 m
D2 : 0.6734 m
Dd : 0.7924 m
Dn : 0.0488 m
L: 8.0811 m
bahan konstruksi = steam jet Ejector = cast iron
nozel = stainless steel
condenser = graphite
(ludwig hal 347)

2. Barometric Condensor
Tugas : mengembunkan steam hasil evaporator
Jenis : direct contact condensor, air sebagai media pendingin

menghitung tinggi kaki barometric condensor

P1 g v 2 P v 2
1 2 g 2
+ z1 + = + z2+ +F
ρ gc 2 gc ρ gc 2 gc
 P1 g v 2 P v 2
1 2 g 2
+ z1 + = + z2+ +F
ρ gc 2 gc ρ gc 2 gc
Dimana : F= 0 z2=0
V1 = V2
P2 −P1 gc
z1 = x
ρ g
P1= 0.9950 atm
99.5000 Kpa
746.3114 mmHg
14.4352 psi
2078.6736 lb/ft2
P2= 1.0000 atm
P2= 2116.2740 lb/ft2

menghitung harga densitas campuran komponen teruapkan

321.1500 K formula : ρ = A*B^(-(1-T/Tc)^n) g/mL T dalam K
Komp wi A B n Tc ρL (g/mL)wi/rho
CH2O 0.0205455583 0.262 0.222 0.286 408.00 0.6890 0.0298182
CH4O 0.0364217084 0.272 0.272 0.233 512.58 0.7657 0.0475673
H2O 0.6099631783 0.347 0.274 0.286 647.13 1.0057 0.6065277
NH3 0.333069555 0.237 0.255 0.289 405.65 0.5648 0.5897274
1 1.2736406

komponen berat(kg/jam) mol

CH2O 326.3001 2.471970555
CH4O 578.4417 9.88789221
H2O 9687.3033 0.1887751658
NH3 5289.7386 98.8736191842
 total 15881.7837 111.422257115
9660.4972
Densitas cairan = 1/(Σ(wi/ρL)) = 7.8515E-01 g/ml = 4.9015E+01 lbm/ft3

maka tinggi kaki barometrik :

P2 −P1 gc
z1 = x
ρ g

Z1 = ( 2116.2740 lb/ft2 - 2078.6736 lb/ft2 )

49.0153 lbm/ft3
= 0.7671 ft
= 0.2338 m

menghitung keperluan air pendingin

Q = Ws * L / ∆tw*500 (Ludwig ,pers 6.32,hal 376)

∆tw= 211 F
Ws= 9660.4972 lbm steam/jam
L= 1000.0000 btu/lb

Q= 91.5687 gpm
346.6150 liter/det
0.0058 m3/det
m= Q*ρ
ρ= 1.0177718 lbm/ft3 = 16.3032 kg/m3

m= 0.0942 kg/det
 339.0564 kg/jam

menentukan diameter pipa

Q  1  D2 u
4 D=
√ 4Q
π.u
Range untuk kecepatan air keluar melalui pipa barometric condensor adalah 2-12 fps (Ludwig)
Diambil v = 10 fps = 3.0480 m/detik
D= 0.0491 m
1.9345 in
Maka diambil pipa standar sebagai berikut :
Nominal pipe size = 2 1/2 in
OD = 2.88 in
ID = 2.323 in
Schedule number = 80
Data-data

Komponen Berat Molekul Arus Recycle

(NH4)2SO4 132 a = NH4Cl 3.0929
NaCl 58.5 b = (NH4)2SO4 1.4692
Na2SO4 142 c = NaCl 5.883
NH4Cl 53.5 d = Na2SO4 0.1122
H2O 18 e = H2O 61.947

ARUS 1 ARUS 4
Komponen Berat Mole kgmol/jam kg/jam Komponen Berat Mole kgmol/jam
(NH4)2SO4 132 29.4925 3893.0100 (NH4)2SO4 132 0.0000
NaCl 58.5 0.0000 0.0000 NaCl 58.5 59.1366
Na2SO4 142 0.0000 0.0000 Na2SO4 142 0.0000
NH4Cl 53.5 0.0000 0.0000 NH4Cl 53.5 0.0000
H2O 18 2.1846 39.3233 H2O 18 0.7719

ARUS 2 ARUS 5
Komponen Berat Mole kgmol/jam kg/jam Komponen Berat Mole kgmol/jam
(NH4)2SO4 132 0.0000 0.0000 (NH4)2SO4 132 0.0000
NaCl 58.5 0.0000 0.0000 NaCl 58.5 0.0000
Na2SO4 142 0.0000 0.0000 Na2SO4 142 0.0000
NH4Cl 53.5 0.0000 0.0000 NH4Cl 53.5 0.0000
H2O 18 209.3692 3768.6447 H2O 18 482.8994

ARUS 3 ARUS 6
Komponen Berat Mole kgmol/jam kg/jam Komponen Berat Mole kgmol/jam
(NH4)2SO4 132 29.4925 3893.0100 (NH4)2SO4 132 0.0000
NaCl 58.5 0.0000 0.0000 NaCl 58.5 59.1366
Na2SO4 142 0.0000 0.0000 Na2SO4 142 0.0000
NH4Cl 53.5 0.0000 0.0000 NH4Cl 53.5 0.0000
H2O 18 211.5538 3807.9681 H2O 18 483.6712
ARUS 17 (RECYCLE) KOMPOSISI MASUK REAKTOR (R-01
Komponen Berat Mole kgmol/jam kg/jam Komponen Berat Mole kgmol/jam
(NH4)2SO4 132 1.4692 193.9344 (NH4)2SO4 132 30.9617
NaCl 58.5 5.8830 344.1555 NaCl 58.5 65.0196
Na2SO4 142 0.1122 15.9324 Na2SO4 142 0.1122
NH4Cl(aq) 53.5 3.0929 165.4702 NH4Cl 53.5 3.0929
H2O 18 61.9470 1115.0460 H2O 18 757.1720

REAKSI :
(NH4)2S + 2NaCl Na2SO4 + 2NH4Cl

mula-mula: 30.9617 65.0196 0.1122 3.0929

reaksi: 29.4136 58.8272 29.4136 58.8272
sisa: 1.5481 6.1924 29.5258 61.9201

ARUS 7
Komponen Berat Mole kgmol/jam
(NH4)2SO4 132 1.5481
NaCl 58.5 6.1924
Na2SO4 142 29.5258
NH4Cl 53.5 61.9201
H2O 18 757.1720

ARUS 8 ARUS 9
Komponen Berat Mole kgmol/jam kg/jam Komponen Berat Mole kgmol/jam
(NH4)2SO4 132 0.0000 0.0000 (NH4)2SO4 132 0.0015
NaCl 58.5 0.0000 0.0000 NaCl 58.5 0.0062
Na2SO4 142 0.0000 0.0000 Na2SO4 142 29.4077
NH4Cl 53.5 0.0000 0.0000 NH4Cl 53.5 0.0619
H2O 18 23.2926 419.2666 H2O 18 39.0232

Na2SO4 yang larut pada arus 12 = 16.7707 kg/jam

= 0.1181 kgmol/jam

ARUS 11 ARUS 10
Komponen Berat Mole kgmol/jam kg/jam Komponen Berat Mole kgmol/jam
(NH4)2SO4 132 0.0015 0.2031 (NH4)2SO4 132 0.0000
NaCl 58.5 0.0062 0.3601 NaCl 58.5 0.0000
Na2SO4 142 0.0000 0.0000 Na2SO4 142 29.4077
NH4Cl 53.5 0.0616 3.2931 NH4Cl 53.5 0.0004
H2O 18 38.7923 698.2610 H2O 18 0.2310

ARUS 12 ARUS 13
Komponen Berat Mole kgmol/jam kg/jam Komponen Berat Mole kgmol/jam
(NH4)2SO4 132 1.5465 204.1429 (NH4)2SO4 132 1.5465
NaCl 58.5 6.1862 361.8914 NaCl 58.5 6.1862
Na2SO4 142 0.1181 16.7707 Na2SO4 142 0.1181
NH4Cl 53.5 61.8582 3309.4142 NH4Cl 53.5 61.8582
H2O 18 741.4414 13345.9447 H2O 18 74.1441

ARUS 14 ARUS 15
Komponen Berat Mole kgmol/jam kg/jam Komponen Berat Mole kgmol/jam
(NH4)2SO4 132 0.0000 0.0000 (NH4)2SO4 132 1.5465
NaCl 58.5 0.0000 0.0000 NaCl 58.5 6.1862
Na2SO4 142 0.0000 0.0000 Na2SO4 142 0.1181
NH4Cl 53.5 0.0000 0.0000 NH4Cl(s) 53.5 58.7653
H2O 18 667.2972 12011.3502 H2O 18 74.1441
NH4Cl(aq) 53.5 3.0929

ARUS 16 ARUS 18
Komponen Berat Mole kgmol/jam kg/jam Komponen Berat Mole kgmol/jam
(NH4)2SO4 132 0.0000 0.0000 (NH4)2SO4 132 0.0773
NaCl 58.5 0.0000 0.0000 NaCl 58.5 0.3032
Na2SO4 142 0.0000 0.0000 Na2SO4 142 0.0059
NH4Cl 53.5 0.0000 0.0000 NH4Cl 53.5 58.7653
H2O 18 17.4664 314.3944 H2O 18 29.6635

ARUS 19 ARUS 20
Komponen Berat Mole kgmol/jam kg/jam Komponen Berat Mole kgmol/jam
(NH4)2SO4 132 0.0756 9.9794 (NH4)2SO4 132 0.0017
NaCl 58.5 0.2964 17.3379 NaCl 58.5 0.0068
Na2SO4 142 0.0058 0.8195 Na2SO4 142 0.0001
NH4Cl 53.5 0.0000 0.0000 NH4Cl 53.5 58.7653
H2O 18 28.9979 521.9624 H2O 18 0.6656

CEK NERACA MASSA TOTAL

Input
Arus 2 Arus 1 Arus 4
Komponen Berat Mole kgmol/jam kg/jam kgmol/jam kg/jam kgmol/jam kg/jam
(NH4)2SO4 132 0.0000 0.0000 29.4925 3893.0100 0.0000 0.0000
NaCl 58.5 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 59.1366 3459.4911
Na2SO4 142 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
NH4Cl 53.5 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
H2O 18 209.3692 3768.6447 2.1846 39.3233 0.7719 13.8935
TOTAL 824.61306 kgmol/jam
20600.2124 kg/jam

OUTPUT
Arus 10 Arus 11 Arus 14
Komponen Berat Mole kgmol/jam kg/jam kgmol/jam kg/jam kgmol/jam kg/jam
(NH4)2SO4 132 0.0000 0.0012 0.0015 0.2031 0.0000 0.0000
NaCl 58.5 0.0000 0.0021 0.0062 0.3601 0.0000 0.0000
Na2SO4 142 29.4077 4175.8951 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
NH4Cl 53.5 0.0004 0.0196 0.0616 3.2931 0.0000 0.0000
H2O 18 0.2310 4.1571 38.7923 698.2610 667.2972 12011.3502
29.6391 4180.0751 38.8615 702.1174

TOTAL 824.61306 kgmol/jam

20600.2124 kg/jam
kg/jam
0.0000
3459.4911
0.0000
0.0000
13.8935

kg/jam
 0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
8692.1887

kg/jam
0.0000
3459.4911
0.0000
0.0000
8706.0822
UK REAKTOR (R-01)
kg/jam
4086.9444
3803.6466
15.9324
165.4702
13629.0963

kg/jam
204.3472
362.2536
4192.6657
3312.7270
13629.0963
kg/jam
0.2043 0.0002893
0.3623 0.0005129
4175.8951 0.8553319
3.3127 0.0046903
702.4181 0.9945075
4882.1925 706.2975

kg/jam
0.0012
0.0021
4175.8951 0.999 4180.075 4.1801
0.0196
4.1571
4180.0751

kg/jam
204.1429
361.8914
16.7707
3309.4142
1334.5945

kg/jam
204.1429
361.8914
16.7707
3143.9441
1334.5945
165.4702

kg/jam
10.2085 0.018141
17.7359 0.031518
 0.8383 0.00149
3143.9441
533.9429 562.7255 0.948851

kg/jam
0.2291
0.3980
0.0188
3143.9441 0.996 3156.57 12.6263
11.9805
3156.5704

Input
Arus 5 Arus 8 Arus 16

kgmol/jam kg/jam kgmol/jam kg/jam kgmol/jam kg/jam

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 3893.0100
0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 3459.4911
0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0
0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0
482.8994 8692.1887 23.2926 419.2666 17.4664 314.3944 13247.7113
20600.2124

Arus19 Arus 20

kgmol/jam kg/jam kgmol/jam kg/jam

0.0756 9.9794 0.0017 0.2291 10.4128
0.2964 17.3379 0.0068 0.3980 18.0981
0.0058 0.8195 0.0001 0.0188 4176.7333
0.0000 0.0000 58.7653 3143.9441 3147.2568
28.9979 521.9624 0.6656 11.9805 13247.7113
29.3757 550.0992 59.4396 3156.5704 20600.2124
 DATA SIFAT FISIS Carl & Yaws

Kapasitas panas (Cp) 298

formula : Cp = A + BT + CT2 + DT3 KJ/kmol K T 100 100
Nilai konstanta Cp masing-masing komponen : 373 373
Komponen A B C D Cp dT Cp dT
(NH4)2SO4 24.56 0.1311 -2.13E-05 4960.2399 4960.2399
NaCl 41.293 3.36E-02 -1.39E-05 3824.5495 3824.5495
Na2SO4 12.202 5.81E-01 -6.06E-04 10402.8024 10402.8024
NH4Cl 23.118 1.50E-01 -3.03E-05 5251.6463 5251.6463
H2O -608.04 5.1426 -0.01086 8.20E-06 15239.9344 15239.9344

Densitas (ρ)
formula : ρ = A*B^(-(1-T/Tc)^n) g/mL T dalam K
Nilai konstanta masing-masing komponen
Komponen A B n Tc rho
(NH4)2SO4 0.2015 0.1125 0.28571 1104.32 1.4051 1.6894
NaCl 0.22127 0.10591 0.37527 3400.00 1.8984 1.8984
Na2SO4 0.26141 0.1 0.28571 3700.00 2.4402 2.4402
NH4Cl 0.75456 0.3 0.28571 882.00 2.1114 2.1114
H2O 0.3471 0.274 0.28571 647.13 0.9558 0.9558

Viskositas (μ)
formula : log μ = A + B/T + CT + DT^2 cp
Nilai konstanta masing-masing komponen
Komponen A B C D log μ
ngawur (NH4)2SO4 -0.8734 1.04E+03 -6.58E-12 2.64E-13 1.9202 1.9202
NaCl -0.9169 1.08E+03 -7.62E-05 1.11E-08 1.9487 1.9487
Na2SO4 11.2905 -4.58E+03 -6.78E-03 9.24E-07 -3.3818 -3.3818
NH4Cl -0.8508 9.30E+02 -4.76E-12 1.78E-15 1.6437 1.6437
H2O -10.2158 1.79E+03 1.77E-02 -1.26E-05 -0.5542 -0.5542

Konduktivitas panas (k)

Data konduktivitas panas (k) untuk bahan organik (W
formula : k = 10^( A + B(1-T/Tc)^(2/7))
Nilai konstanta masing-masing komponen
k

Data konduktivitas panas (k) untuk bahan anorganik (

formula : k = A + BT + CT^2
Komponen A B C
NaCl 51.6119 -2.96E-01 4.71E-04 6.6310
 H2O -0.2758 4.61E-03 -5.54E-06 0.6738

Tekanan uap murni (Po)

Data tekanan uap (mmHg)
formula : log P = A + B/T + C log T + DT + ET^2
Komponen A B C D E log P
CH4O 45.617 -3144.7 -13.988 6.64E-03 -1.05E-13 3.6887
NH3 37.158 -2027.7 -11.601 7.46E-03 -9.58E-12 4.6711
H2O 29.861 -3152.2 -7.304 2.43E-09 1.81E-06 2.8780
CH2O 41.96 -2135.5 -13.765 9.57E-03 -5.11E-12 4.4041
asli C6N4H12 57.648 -4656.895 -16.755 1.76E-06 3.69E-06 2.5879

Coulson ln P = A - ( B / ( T + C ) ) NH3
A 16.9481
B 2132.5
C -32.98
ln P 10.6764
P ### mmHg
57.0023 atm

T 120
Air 393
Cp 92.053 -0.039953 -0.00021 5.35E-07 76.3720 kJ/kmol K
rho 0.347 0.274 0.286 647.13 0.9347 g/mL
my -10.216 1795.2 0.018 -1.26E-05 0.2987 cp
k -0.276 4.61E-03 -5.54E-06 0.6810 W/m K

T 20
Air 293
Cp 92.053 -0.039953 -0.00021 5.35E-07 75.7679 kJ/kmol K
rho 0.347 0.274 0.286 647.13 1.0316 g/mL
my -10.216 1795.2 0.018 -1.26E-05 1.2609 cp
k -0.276 4.61E-03 -5.54E-06 0.5998 W/m K

T #REF!
air #REF!
 Cp 92.053 -0.039953 -0.00021 5.35E-07 #REF! kJ/kmol K
rho 0.347 0.274 0.286 647.13 #REF! g/mL
my -10.216 1795.2 0.018 -1.26E-05 #REF! cp
k -0.276 4.61E-03 -5.54E-06 #REF! W/m K

Sifat Fisis Udara ( Apendix A-5 Holman )

T ρ cp μ x 105 ν x 106 k α x 104
K kg/m3 kJ/kg.oC kg/m.s m2/s W/m.oC m2/s Pr
250 1.4128 1.0053 1.599 11.31 0.02227 0.15675 0.722
300 1.1774 1.0057 0.8462 15.69 0.02624 0.2216 0.708
T #VALUE! ### ### ### ### #VALUE! #VALUE!
T #VALUE! ### ### ### ### #VALUE! #VALUE!
350 0.998 1.009 2.075 20.76 0.03003 0.2983 0.697

Sifat-sifat logam (Appendix A-2 Holman hal 581)

Baja karbon
T, oC 0 100 200 300 400 600 800
k, W/m.oC 55 52 48 45 42 35 31

T= 100 oC
k= 52

Tabel 2 Kern hal 795

Asbestos T isolasi = 0.0000

rho o
F k C
o
k= 0.0870
[lb/f3] [Btu/(hr.f2.oF/f)]
29.3 -328 0.043 -200 rho = 36
29.3 32 0.09 0
36 32 0.087 0
36 212 0.111 100
36 392 0.12 200
36 752 0.129 400
43.5 -328 0.09 -200
43.5 32 0.135 0

komponen n (kmol/jam) ∆Hf, kJ/mo∆Hf, kJ/jam

CH2O 6.0000 -108.57 -651.42
NH3 4.0000 -46.11 -184.44
H2O 6.0000 -285.83 -1714.98
C6H12N4 1.0000 701.13 701.132

∆Hr -177.988 kJ/jam

 30 100 28
298 311 303 373 301
Cp T= 100 Cp
70.4969 62.0913
51.8908 50.1469
### 1728.8669 660.6961 144.6764 132.2488
74.8570 65.5258
176.9469 224.5568 179.4762

Cp air T 35 144.6764 KJ/kmol K

8.0376 KJ/kgK

152.2660 2.4729

0.0000003

0.0005712

5.0925
k=1 0
k2 5771.9839478

P mmHg atm psia

4883.2251 6.4253 94.4519
46893.2658 61.7017 907.0145
755.0672 0.9935 14.6046
25356.5490 33.3639 490.4490
387.2102 0.5095 7.4895

4.1868
1.0134 btu/lbm.F
58.3275 lb/ft3
0.7226 lb/ft jam
0.39349 btu/hr.ft.F

4.1868
1.0054 btu/lbm.F
64.3747 lb/ft3
3.0503 lb/ft jam
0.34656 btu/hr.ft.F

4.1868
 #REF! btu/lbm.F
#REF! lb/ft3
#REF! lb/ft jam
#REF! btu/hr.ft.F

1000 1200
29 31

C
o
Neraca Panas

input output
Komponen 12 13 14
(NH4)2SO4 9,005.1777 13,183.4818
NaCl 30,146.1089 40,521.1634
Na2SO4 1,456.3616 2,117.7827
NH4Cl 381,082.4692 558,481.1493
H2O 5,022,294.3917 720,337.6602 6,525,054.6272
Qsteam 2,415,711.3553
Total 7,859,695.8645 7,859,695.8645