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Portal Frame
Portal Frame
Job No:
Sheet 1 of 30
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Job Title: Portal Frame Analysis and Design
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Structural Steel
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Calculation Sheet
Problem
Analyse and Design a single span portal frame with gabled roof. The frame
has a span of 15 m, the column height 6m and the rafter rise 3m. Purlins are
provided @ 2.5 m c/c.
D
5mc/c
3m
C
F
0.6 m
0.6 m
30 m
6m
3.25 m
G
15 m
15 m
Load
Dead Load
=
=
=
=
0.17 kN/m2
0.025 kN/m2
0.100 kN/m2
0.100 kN/m2
--------------0.395 kN/m2
---------------
36 - 19
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PORTAL FRAMES
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Dead load/m run
1.2
= 0.395 * 5
= 1.975 kN / m
2.0 kN/m
Live Load
0.75
0.02 (21.8
10) * 5
= 2.57 kN/m
1.3 Crane Loading
Overhead electric crane capacity
= 300 kN
= 60 kN
The extreme position of crane hook is assumed as 1 m from the centre line of
rail. The span of crane is approximately taken as 13.8 m. And the wheel
base has been taken as 3.8 m
1.3.1 Vertical load
The weight of the crane is shared equally by four wheels on both sides. The
reaction on wheel due to the lifted weight and the crab can be obtained by
taking moments about the centreline of wheels.
( 300 + 60 )
B
300
6.9 m
1m
13.8 m
MB = 0
36 - 20
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PORTAL FRAMES
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Calculation Sheet
Job No:
Sheet 3 of 30 Rev
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242 kN
3.8 m
5m
36 - 21
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PORTAL FRAMES
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Calculation Sheet
1.4
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Wind Load
Vz = k1 k2 k3 Vb
Vz = 1 * 0.8 *1 * 50
Vz = 40 m/sec
0.2
36 - 22
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PORTAL FRAMES
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(b) External pressure coefficient
External pressure coefficient for walls and roofs are tabulated in Table 1 (a)
and Table 1(b)
1.4.2 Calculation of total wind load
(a) For walls
h/w = 6/15 = 0.4
L/w = 30/15 = 2.0
h
w
w
elevation
plan
For walls, A pd = 30 * 0.96 = 28.8 kN
Table 1 (a): Total wind load for wall
Cpe
Wind
Angle
Cpi
Windward
Leeward
00
0.7
-0.25
900
-0.5
-0.5
0.2
-0.2
0.2
-0.2
Cpe Cpi
Wind
ward
Lee
ward
Total wind(kN)
(Cpe-Cpi )Apd
Wind
Lee
ward
ward
0.5
0.9
-0.7
-0.3
-0.45
-0.05
-0.7
-0.3
14.4
25.9
-20.2
-8.6
-12.9
-1.4
-20.2
-8.6
5*
3.0
7.5
40.4 m 2
36 - 23
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PORTAL FRAMES
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For roof, Apd = 38.7 kN
Wind
angle
900
2.0
Cpe Cpi
Cpe
Cpe
Cpi
Wind
ward
Wind
-0.328
-0.328
-0.7
-0.7
Lee
-0.4
-0.4
-0.7
-0.7
0.2
-0.2
0.2
-0.2
-0.528
-0.128
-0.9
-0.5
Lee
ward
-0.6
-0.2
-0.9
-0.5
2.0* 15
6
5kN
2.57 * 15
6
36 - 24
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PORTAL FRAMES
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2.3 Crane Load
3.1
Load Factors
4.0
= 1.05
In this example, the following load combinations are considered, as they are
found to be critical.
Similar steps can be followed for plastic analysis under other load
combinations.
(i)
36 - 25
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PORTAL FRAMES
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Calculation Sheet
(ii)
Job No:
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5.27
2
2.635 kN
3.88
2
1.94 kN
36 - 26
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PORTAL FRAMES
Structural Steel
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Calculation Sheet
H/2 @ eaves points
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= 0.89/2 = 0.445 kN
Intermediate
Points
Eaves
Ridge
Note: To find the total moment @ B and F we have to consider the moment
due to the dead load from the weight of the rail and the gantry girder. Let us
assume the weight of rail as 0.3 kN/m and weight of gantry girder as 2.0
kN/m
2 0.3
*5
2
5.75 kN
36 - 27
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PORTAL FRAMES
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0.28 kN
3.88 kN
1.45 kN
3.88 kN
1.45 kN
1.94 kN
0.725 kN
3m
89.7
239.9
14.6 kN
6m
14.6 kN
3.25 m
38.85 kN
2.1 kN
15 m
Factored Load (1.5D.L+1.05 C.L +1.5 W.L)
4.2
8.55 kN.
36 - 28
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PORTAL FRAMES
Structural Steel
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Calculation Sheet
Job No:
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17.1 kN
3m
8.55 kN
6m
14.6 kN
3.25 m
15 m
Factored Load (1.5 D.L + 1.05 C.L + 1.5 L.L)
4.3
Mechanisms
Beam mechanism
Sway mechanism
Gable mechanism and
Combined mechanism
36 - 29
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PORTAL FRAMES
Structural Steel
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Calculation Sheet
Job No:
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5.27 kN
0.89 kN
5.27 kN
/2
0.89 kN
2.635 kN
0.445 kN
+ /2 +
+ /2)
Wi = Mp 3
36 - 30
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PORTAL FRAMES
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17.1 kN
17.1 kN
17.1 kN
/2
8.55 kN
+ 17.1 *2.5 /2
Equating Wi = We,
Mp (3 ) = 64.125
Mp
= 21.375 kNm
239.9 kNm
14.6 kN
Wi
Mp
Mp
11
13
Mp
11
13
3.69 M p
11 /13
38.85 kN
36 - 31
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PORTAL FRAMES
Job No:
Sheet 14 of 30
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External Work done,
14.6 * 3.25 *
We
11
13
239.9 *
11
13
11
1
* 38.85 * 3.25
13
2
296.6
= 296.6
Mp = 80.38 kNm.
(3) Member EG
Internal Work done,
Wi
Mp
Mp
11
13
Mp
11
13
3.69 M p
14.6 * 3.25 *
11
13
239.9 kNm
239.9 *
11
1
( 30.3 ) * 3.25
13
2
321.7
14.6 kN
Equating Wi = We, we get
3.69 Mp
= 321.7
11 /13
30.3 kN
36 - 32
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PORTAL FRAMES
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Mp = 87.2 kNm
For members AC & EG, the 1st load combination will govern the failure
mechanism.
4.3.2 Panel Mechanism
Case 1: 1.5 D.L + 1.05 C.L + 1.5 W.L
4.575 0.28
5.27
0.89
5.27
0.89
2.635
0.445
239.9 kNm
14.6 kN
38.85 kN
3.88
1.45
3.88
1.45
1.94
0.725
89.7 kNm
14.6 kN
2.1 kN
36 - 33
Version II
PORTAL FRAMES
Structural Steel
Design Project
Calculation Sheet
Job No:
Sheet 16 of 30
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5.27
5.27 0.89
0.89
2.63
0.445 5
239.9 kNm
14.6 kN
38.85 kN
4.575
0.28
3.88
1.45
3.88
1.45
1.94
0.725
89.7 kNm
14.6 kN
2.1 kN
36 - 34
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PORTAL FRAMES
Job No:
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Equating Wi = We, we get
6Mp = 82.56
Mp = 13.76 kNm.
Case 2: 1.5 D.L + 1.5L.L + 1.05 C.L
17.1
17.1
17.1
17.1
17.1
8.55
8.55
14.6 kN
+ 17.1 * 2.5 -
= 57.1 kNm
36 - 35
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PORTAL FRAMES
Job No:
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4.3.4 Combined Mechanism
Case1: 1.5 D.L + 1.5 W.L + 1.05 C.L
(i)
/2
/2
12 m
4.575
5.27
0.89
2.635
0.445
5.27
0.89
0.28
3.88
1.45
3.88
1.45
1.94
0.725
89.7 kNm
239.9 kNm
14.6 kN
14.6 kN
38.85 kN
/2
2.1 kN
36 - 36
Version II
PORTAL FRAMES
Job No:
Sheet 19 of 30
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Equating Wi = We
4Mp = 336.75
Mp = 84.2 kNm
/2
/2
12 m
5.27
0.89
2.635
0.445
5.27
0.89
239.9 kNm
4.575
0.28
3.88
1.45
3.88
1.45
1.94
0.725
89.7 kNm
14.6 kN
14.6 kN
/2
38.85 kN
2.1 kN
36 - 37
Version II
PORTAL FRAMES
Job No:
Sheet 20 of 30
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External Work done,
We
14.6 * 3.25 *
0.89 * 8 *
1.45 * 11 *
239.9 *
0.28 * 9 *
0.725 * 12 *
1
* 38.85 * 6
2
5.27 * 2.5 *
3.88 * 5.0 *
5.27 * 5.0 *
0.445 * 6 *
4.575 *7.5 *
3.88 * 2.5 *
0.89 * 7 *
14.6 * 3.25
1.45 * 10 *
89.7 *
1
* 2. 1 *
2
= 230.3
Equating Wi = We, we get
4Mp = 230.3
Mp = 57.575 kNm
(iii)
/6
/6
36 m
5.27
0.89
2.635
0.445
5.27
0.89
239.9 kNm
3.88
1.45
3.88
1.45
1.98
0.725
89.7 kNm
14.6 kN
38.85 kN
4.575
0.28
14.6 kN
5 /6
2.1 kN
36 - 38
Version II
PORTAL FRAMES
Job No:
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Internal work done, Wi
Mp
Mp
Mp
Mp
4M p
239.9 *
0.28 *33*
5.27 * 12.5 *
14.6 * 3.25 *
1.45* 34 *
5.27 * 10 *
1
* 38.85 * 6 *
6
2
0.445* 6 *
1.45 * 35 *
4.575 * 7.5 *
0.725 * 36 *
3.88* 5.0 *
0.89 * 35 *
3.88* 2.5 *
1
( 2.1 ) (6 * )
2
89.7
We = 341.07
Equating Wi = We, we get
4Mp = 341.07
Mp
= 85.27 kNm
Mp
2
3
Mp
2
3
Mp
Mp
4M p
36 - 39
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PORTAL FRAMES
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/3
/3
18 m
5.27
0.89
2.635
0.445
5.27
0.89
4.575
0.28
3.88
1.45
3.88
1.45
1.94
0.725
239.9 kNm
89.7 kNm
14.6 kN
14.6 kN
2 /3
38.85 kN
2.1 kN
2
3
239.9 *
0.89* 7 *
2
3
0.89* 16 *
4.575* 7.5*
3.88* 2.5
We
3
293.22
0.28* 15*
14.6* 3.25
2
3
3
2
1
* 38.85 * 6 *
3
2
0.28*15 *
1.45* 16 *
89.7 *
5.27 * 2.5*
0.445* 6 *
2
3
2
3
5.27* 5 *
2
3
0.725* 18 *
1.45* 17 *
3.88*5.0 *
3
3
3
3
1
( 2.1 )*
2
36 - 40
Version II
PORTAL FRAMES
Job No:
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Case 2: 1.5 D.L + 1.5 L.L + 1.05 C.L
(i)
/6
/6
36 m
17.1
17.1
17.1
17.1
17.1
8.55
8.55
89.7
239.9 kNm
14.6 kN
14.6 kN
5 /6
/6
5 /6
Mp
Mp
Mp
Mp
4M p
36 - 41
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PORTAL FRAMES
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External Work done =We
14.6 * 3.25 *
17.1*7.5 *
239.9 *
17.1* 5.0 *
17.1* 1 2.5 *
17.1 * 2.5 *
17.1* 10 *
14.6 * 3.25 *
89.7
304.1
/3
/3
18 m
17.1
17.1
17.1
17.1
17.1
8.55
8.55
239.9
kNm
14.6 kN
89.7
14.6 kN
2 /3
36 - 42
Version II
PORTAL FRAMES
Job No:
Sheet 25 of 30
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Internal work done,
Wi
2
3
Mp
2
3
Mp
Mp
Mp
4M p
External Work done, We=
2
3
14.6 * 3.25 *
17.1* 5.0 *
239.9 *
17.1* 2.5 *
2
3
17.1* 2.5 *
14.6 * 3.25
2
3
17.1* 5.0 *
2
3
17.1*7.5 *
89.7
320.3
= 80.1 kNm
Plastic hinged is formed at 4 and 7
Mp
Mp
Mp
Mp
4Mp
36 - 43
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PORTAL FRAMES
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/2
/2
12 m
17.1
17.1
17.1
17.1
17.1
8.55
8.55
239.9
89.7
14.6 kN
14.6 kN
/2
/2
2
2
239.9 *
17.1* 2.5 *
17.1* 2.5 *
14.6 * 3.25
17.1* 5.0 *
17.1* 7.5 *
89.7
293.8
Equating Wi = We
4Mp = 293.8
Mp = 73.45 kNm
36 - 44
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PORTAL FRAMES
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(iii)
Wi
Mp
Mp
Mp
5Mp
17.1
6m
17.1
17.1
17.1
17.1
8.55
89.7
239.9
14.6 kN
14.6 kN
/2
/2
2
2
239.9 *
17.1* 5.0 *
17.1* 2.5*
17.1*2.5
17.1* 5.0 *
14.1* 3.25 *
89.7
356.3
36 - 45
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PORTAL FRAMES
Structural Steel
Design Project
Calculation Sheet
Job No:
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Equating Wi = We
5Mp = 356.3 *
Mp = 71.26 kNm
Design Plastic Moment = 94.51 kNm.
5.0 DESIGN
For the design it is assumed that the frame is adequately laterally braced so
that it fails by forming mechanism. Both the column and rafter are
analysed assuming equal plastic moment capacity. Other ratios may
be adopted to arrive at an optimum design solution.
5.1 Selection of section
Plastic Moment capacity required= 94.51 kNm
Required section modulus, Z = Mp/ fyd
94.51*10 6
250
1.1
415.84 *10 3 mm 3
36 - 46
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PORTAL FRAMES
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Calculation Sheet
Job No:
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bf = 140/2 = 70 mm
T1 = 12.4 mm
t = 7.5 mm
bf
T1
70
12.4
5.65 9.4
300
7.5
40
Web
d1
t
83.9 O.K.
36 - 47
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PORTAL FRAMES
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Job No:
Sheet 30 of 30 Rev
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P
Py
51.3
1278
0.04 0.15
36 - 48
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