A.T.E.I.

PEIRAIA
SQOLH TEQNOLOGIKWN EFARMOGWN
TMHMA POLITIKWN MHQANIKWN T.E.
MAJHMATIKA I

Antstrofec trigwnometrikc sunartseic

Gia kje trigwnometrik sunrthsh orzetai antstoiqh antstrofh trigwnometrik sunrthsh.
Oi antstrofec trigwnometrikc sunartseic, orzontai me bsh tmma tou pedou orismo twn trigwnometrikn, sto opoo autc enai << 1-1 >> (na proc na).
Profanc aut to tmma enai tmma peridou.

Gia pardeigma h sunrthsh hmtono enai << 1-1 >> sto 2 , 2 kai me bsh aut orzetai h antstrofh
thc. Onomzontai kai txo thc trigwnometrikc sunrthshc pou antistoiqon,
giat antistoiqon to dosmno trigwnometrik arijm se antstoiqh gwna,
ra kai sto mkoc tou antstoiqou txou tou monadiaou kklou.

H antstrofoc thc sunrthshc y = x enai h y = ox (y = arcsin x)

H y = x qei

h i
R(f ) = [1, 1] x ,
.
2 2

Epeid h sunrthsh aut enai gnhswc axousa sto disthma 2 , 2 ja qei antstrofo thn opoa
sumbolzoume:
x = oy
an diathrsoume thn anexrthth metablht me:

y = ox

pou qei pedo orismo to [1, 1] kai pedo timn to 2 , 2 .

(1)

y = ox

y = /2

x=1

y = 1
y = /2

x = /2

x = 1

y=1

y = x
x = /2

1.

H y = ox enai gnhswc axousa sto [1, 1], kolh sto [1, 0], kurt sto [0, 1] me

ymin = , ymax =
2
2
kai shmeo kampc sto 0. To digramma thc (1) enai summetrik tou diagrmmatoc thc y = x wc
proc th diqotmo thc xoy .
Parathrome ti h y = x enai epshc gnhswc fjnousa sto

, 3
2 .

x = 7 2

x = 5 2

x = 3 2

x=

x = 2

x = 3 2

x = 5 2

x = 7 2

n = 2

n = 3

n=0

n = 1

10

n=2

n=1

n=3

y = sin x, n /2 x n + /2, n Z
0

10

H antstrofc thc enai epshc gnhswc fjnousa.

Genik h y = x enai gnhswc axousa sto disthma

x+
gia = 0, 2, 4, . . .
2
2
kai gnhswc fjnousa sto disthma

x+
gia = 1, 3, . . .
2
2

y = arcsin x, n

y n + 2 , n Z

y=

7
2

y=

5
2

y=

3
2

y=

1
2

10

n=3

n=2

n=1

n=0

10

n = 1

n = 2

n = 3
2

y=

1
2

y=

3
2

y=

5
2

y=

7
2

H y = ox enai gnhswc axousa gnhswc fjnousa antstoiqa. 'Etsi qoume:

y = ox, y +
.
2
2
2

2.

Antstrofh Sunrthsh
'Estw h sunrthsh f : A B me y = f (x). An gia kje y B uprqei na monadik x A ttoio
ste f (x) = y , tte aut h antistoqish orzei mia na sunrthsh f 1 : B A me x = f 1 (y), h opoa
onomzetai antstrofh sunrthsh thc f .

3.

Pargwgoc antstrofhc sunrthshc

'Estw ti h sunrthsh y = f (x) enai gnhswc montonh sto [, ], paragwgsimh sto x0 (, ) kai
f 0 (x0 ) 6= 0, tte h antstrofh sunrthsh f 1 enai paragwgsimh sto y0 = f (x0 ) kai isqei.

(f 1 )0 (y0 ) = lim

xx0

4.

1
f 1 (y) f 1 (y0 )
= 0
y y0
f (x0 )

yx0 =

1
.
x0y

Pargwgoi antstrofwn trigwnometrikn sunartsewn

( ox)0 =

1
, |x| < 1
1 x2

1
, |x| < 1
1 x2
1
( ox)0 =
,
1 + x2
1
,
( ox)0 =
1 + x2

( ox)0 =

i. Pargwgoc thc

h i
y = ox , y ,
.
2 2

H sunrthsh x = y qei antstrofh sunrthsh thn y = ox, opte isqei:

yx0 =

1
x0y

( ox)0 =

1
1
=
.
(y)0
y

Epeid y 2 , 2 ja enai y 0 kai

y =

p
p
1 2 y = 1 x2 .

'Ara

( ox)0 =

1
, |x| < 1 .
1 x2

ii. H sunrthsh
x :
enai << 1-1 >> afo

h i
,
[1, 1], x y = x
2 2

d
(x) = x > 0, x ,
.
dx
2 2

'Ara orzetai h sunrthsh

h i
, x ox = y
ox : [1, 1] ,
2 2
'Etsi qoume

y = ox y = x .

Paragwgzontac kai ta do mlh thc teleutaac

isthtac wc proc x kai jewrntac y = y(x)
lambnoume gia to anoikt disthma 2 , 2 .

d
d
dy
dy
dy
1
1
(y) = 1
(y)
= 1 (y)
=1
=
=p
,
dx
dy
dx
dx
dx
y
1 2 y

afo gia kje y 2 , 2 isqei ti y > 0.

'Ara qoume:

d
1
( ox) =
, x (1, 1)
dx
1 x2
m
( ox)0 =

1
, |x| < 1 .
1 x2

Epkouroc Kajhghtc : Dr. Pappc G. Alxandroc