CNG BO/S 77 + 78/Ngy 05-02-2013

47

QCVN 02: 2012/BTNMT

QUY CHUN K THUT QUC GIA

V L T CHT THI RN Y T
National Technical Regulation on Solid Health Care Waste Incinerator

Li ni u
QCVN 02: 2012/BTNMT do T son tho Thng t ban hnh Quy chun k
thut quc gia v l t cht thi rn y t v Quy chun k thut quc gia v l t
cht thi cng nghip bin son, V Khoa hc v Cng ngh, V Php ch trnh
duyt v c ban hnh theo Thng t s 27/2012/TT-BTNMT ngy 28 thng 12
nm 2012 ca B trng B Ti nguyn v Mi trng.

48

CNG BO/S 77 + 78/Ngy 05-02-2013

QUY CHUN K THUT QUC GIA
V L T CHT THI RN Y T
National Technical Regulation on Solid Health Care Waste Incinerator
1. Quy nh chung
1.1. Phm vi iu chnh

Quy chun ny quy nh cc yu cu k thut v mi trng i vi l t cht

thi rn y t.
1.2. i tng p dng
Quy chun ny p dng i vi cc t chc, c nhn sn xut, nhp khu, kinh
doanh (phn phi), s dng l t cht thi rn y t trn lnh th nc Cng ha x
hi ch ngha Vit Nam; c quan qun l nh nc v mi trng; n v ly mu,
phn tch v cc t chc, c nhn lin quan.
1.3. Gii thch t ng
Trong Quy chun ny, cc t ng di y c hiu nh sau:
1.3.1. Cht thi rn y t (sau y vit tt l CTRYT) l cht thi th rn pht
sinh t cc hot ng y t, gm c cht thi nguy hi v cht thi khng nguy hi
(cht thi thng thng).
1.3.2. L t CTRYT l h thng thit b x l CTRYT bng phng php
thiu t km theo h thng x l kh thi.
1.3.3. Vng t (hoc bung t) l cc khu vc s dng nhit ca l t
CTRYT, gm c:
a) Vng t s cp l khu vc s dng nhit chuyn ha cht thi thnh th
kh v th rn (tro x, bi);
b) Vng t th cp l khu vc s dng nhit cao thiu t cc thnh
phn ca dng kh c chuyn ha t vng t s cp.
1.3.4. Thi gian lu chy (retention time) l thi gian dng kh lu chuyn t
im vo n im ra ca vng t th cp iu kin nhit quy nh ti Bng 1
ca Quy chun ny.
1.3.5. Kh thi l hn hp cc thnh phn vt cht pht thi ra mi trng
khng kh t ng khi ca l t CTRYT.
1.3.6. Tro x l cc cht rn cn li sau khi thiu t cht thi trong l t CTRYT.
1.3.7. Bi l tn gi chung cho bi v tro bay pht sinh trong qu trnh thiu
t cht thi, c gi li trong qu trnh x l kh thi.

CNG BO/S 77 + 78/Ngy 05-02-2013

49

1.3.8. Cng sut (capacity) l kh nng x l ca l t CTRYT, c tnh

bng s lng cht thi ti a m l t CTRYT thiu t c hon ton trong
mt gi (kg/h).
1.3.9. C quan cp php l tn gi chung cho c quan cp giy php qun l
cht thi nguy hi hoc c quan xc nhn vic thc hin cc cng trnh, bin php
bo v mi trng trc khi a l t CTRYT vo hot ng i vi trng hp
khng phi cp giy php qun l cht thi nguy hi theo quy nh (l t ch c
mc ch t x l CTRYT pht sinh ni b trong khun vin c s y t).
2. Quy nh k thut
2.1. Yu cu k thut c bn i vi l t cht thi rn y t
2.1.1. L t CTRYT phi c quy trnh hot ng theo nguyn l thiu t
nhiu cp, ti thiu phi c hai vng t (s cp v th cp). Vic tnh ton th tch
cc vng t cn c vo cng sut v thi gian lu chy ca l t CTRYT c
tham kho cc quy nh ti Ph lc 1 km theo QCVN 30:2012/BTNMT - Quy
chun k thut quc gia v l t cht thi cng nghip.
2.1.2. Trong l t CTRYT phi c p sut nh hn p sut bn ngoi (cn gi
l p sut m) hn ch khi thot ra ngoi mi trng qua ca np cht thi.
2.1.3. ng khi ca l t CTRYT phi m bo nh sau:
a) Chiu cao ng khi phi c tnh ton ph hp, m bo yu cu v cht
lng khng kh xung quanh khi pht tn vo mi trng khng kh, nhng khng
c thp hn 20 (hai mi) m tnh t mt t. Trng hp trong phm vi 40 (bn
mi) m tnh t chn ng khi c vt cn ln (nh nh, rng cy, i...) th ng
khi phi cao hn ti thiu 03 (ba) m so vi im cao nht ca vt cn;
b) ng khi phi c im (ca) ly mu kh thi vi ng knh hoc rng
mi chiu ti thiu 10 (mi) cm, c np y iu chnh m rng, km theo
sn thao tc m bo an ton, thun li khi tip cn v ly mu. im ly mu phi
nm trong khong gia hai v tr sau:
- Cn di: Pha trn im cao nht ca mi ni gia ng dn t h thng x
l kh thi vi ng khi mt khong cch bng 07 (by) ln ng knh trong ca
ng khi;
- Cn trn: Pha di ming ng khi 03 (ba) m.
2.1.4. Trong iu kin hot ng bnh thng, cc thng s k thut c bn
ca l t CTRYT phi p ng cc quy nh ti Bng 1 di y:

50

CNG BO/S 77 + 78/Ngy 05-02-2013

Bng 1. Cc thng s k thut c bn ca l t cht thi rn y t

TT

Thng s

n v

Gi tr
yu cu

Nhit vng t s cp

650

Nhit vng t th cp

1.050

Thi gian lu chy trong vng t th cp

Lng oxy d (o ti im ly mu)

6 - 15

Nhit bn ngoi v l (hoc lp chn cch ly nhit)

60

Nhit kh thi ra mi trng (o ti im ly mu)

180

2.1.5. Khng c trn khng kh bn ngoi vo pha long kh thi k t

im ra ca vng t th cp n v tr c cao 02 (hai) m tnh t im ly mu
kh thi trn ng khi.
2.1.6. L t CTRYT phi c h thng x l kh thi vi quy trnh hot ng
bao gm cc cng on chnh sau:
a) Gii nhit (h nhanh nhit ) kh thi nhng khng c s dng bin php
trn trc tip khng kh bn ngoi vo dng kh thi lm mt;
b) X l bi (kh hoc t);
c) X l cc thnh phn c hi trong kh thi (nh hp th, hp ph).
Mt s cng on nu trn c thc hin kt hp ng thi trong mt thit b
hoc mt cng on c thc hin ti nhiu hn mt thit b trong h thng x l
kh thi.
2.2. Gi tr ti a cho php ca cc thng s nhim trong kh thi l t
cht thi rn y t
Trong qu trnh hot ng bnh thng, gi tr cc thng s nhim trong kh
thi l t CTRYT khi thi ra mi trng khng c vt qu cc gi tr quy
nh ti Bng 2 di y:
Bng 2. Gi tr ti a cho php ca cc thng s nhim trong kh thi
TT

Thng s nhim

n v

Gi tr ti a
cho php
A

Bi tng

mg/Nm3

150

115

Axt clohydric, HCI

mg/Nm3

50

50

Cacbon monoxyt, CO

tng/Nm3

350

200

CNG BO/S 77 + 78/Ngy 05-02-2013

TT

Thng s nhim

51
Gi tr ti a
cho php

n v

Lu hunh dioxyt, SO2

mg/Nm3

300

300

Nit oxyt, NOx (tnh theo NO2)

mg/Nm3

500

300

Thy ngn v hp cht tnh theo thy ngn, Hg

mg/Nm

0,5

0,5

Cadmi v hp cht tnh theo Cadmi, Cd

mg/Nm3

0,2

0,16

Ch v cc hp cht tnh theo ch, Pb

mg/Nm3

1,5

1,2

2,3

2,3

Tng ioxin/furan, PCDD/PCDF

ngTEQ/Nm

Trong :
- Ct A p dng i vi l t CTRYT ti c s x l CTRYT tp trung theo
quy hoch (khng nm trong khun vin c s y t);
- Ct B p dng i vi l t CTRYT c lp t trong khun vin ca c
s y t.
3. Quy nh v vn hnh, ng ph s c v gim st
3.1. Vn hnh l t cht thi rn y t
3.1.1. Phi xy dng v thc hin quy trnh vn hnh an ton l t CTRYT,
trong lu cc ni dung sau:
a) Tr trng hp l t CTRYT c quy trnh hot ng c bit do nh sn
xut quy nh v c xem xt c th bi c quan cp php, quy trnh khi ng l
t CTRYT phi theo trnh t nh sau:
- Bc 1: Khi ng h thng x l kh thi;
- Bc 2: Khi ng v sy nng tt c cc vng t. Ch c np mt s loi
cht thi khng nguy hi c nhit tr ln (nh cht thi sinh khi) thay th, b
sung nhin liu truyn thng sau khi s dng nhin liu truyn thng sy nng
vng t s cp ln nhit trn 300 (ba trm) C v vng t th cp ln nhit
trn 800 (tm trm) C. Cc loi cht thi khng nguy hi s dng trong qu trnh
khi ng ny phi c xc nh v ghi r trong quy trnh;
- Bc 3: Chnh thc np cht thi vo l t CTRYT. Ch c np CTRYT
nguy hi khi nhit cc vng t t gi tr tng ng quy nh ti Bng 1 ca
Quy chun ny.
b) Quy trnh kt thc hot ng l t CTRYT phi c thc hin theo trnh
t sau:
- Bc 1: Ngng np cht thi. Tip tc o trn cht thi cn li trong vng
t s cp v cp nhin liu (nu cn thit) cho n khi cht thi chy hon ton;

52

CNG BO/S 77 + 78/Ngy 05-02-2013

- Bc 2: Ngng cp nhin liu vo vng t s cp sau khi cht thi chy

hon ton (khng cn du hiu chy);
- Bc 3: Ngng cp nhin liu vo vng t th cp sau khi khng cn khi
trong vng t s cp v khng cn kh thi qua ng khi;
- Bc 4: Ngng h thng x l kh thi v kt thc ton b hot ng ca l
t khi nhit vng t s cp xung di 300 (ba trm) C.
3.1.2. Cht thi trc khi c np vo l t CTRYT phi c kim sot
khng nh hng n vic vn hnh bnh thng ca l t, trnh np cc cht thi
khng c kh nng x l bng l t.
3.1.3. Khng c php thiu t: Cht thi phng x; cht thi d n; cht
thi c nha PVC; nc thi; cht thi c tnh cht n mn hoc c cha thy
ngn, ch, cadimi, cc cht halogen hu c vt ngng cht thi nguy hi theo
quy nh ti QCVN 07:2009/BTNMT - Quy chun k thut quc gia v ngng
cht thi nguy hi.
3.1.4. Phi lp nht k vn hnh l t CTRYT, trong ghi r s lng cht
thi c thiu t, thi gian thc hin v tn ngi vn hnh.
3.2. Qun l cht thi pht sinh t l t cht thi rn y t
3.2.1. Nc thi pht sinh t qu trnh vn hnh h thng x l kh thi l t
CTRYT (nu c) ch c x ra mi trng sau khi x l t QCVN
40:2011/BTNMT - Quy chun k thut quc gia v nc thi cng nghip.
3.2.2. Tro x, bi, bn thi v cc cht thi rn khc pht sinh t qu trnh vn
hnh l t CTRYT phi c phn nh, phn loi theo quy nh ti QCVN
07:2009/BTNMT c bin php qun l ph hp theo quy nh.
3.3. Phng nga v ng ph s c
3.3.1. Phi xy dng v thc hin k hoch phng nga v ng ph s c chy
n theo quy nh v phng chy, cha chy di s hng dn ca c quan c
thm quyn qun l v cng tc phng chy, cha chy.
3.3.2. Phi xy dng v thc hin cc phng n d phng v ng ph i vi
cc s c khc theo quy nh v qun l cht thi y t, qun l cht thi nguy hi
v cc quy nh c lin quan.
3.3.3. Ngoi c ch ngt bng tay, cc vng t phi c c ch t ng ngt
khi hot ng bt thng hoc c s c.
3.3.4. H thng x l kh thi l t CTRYT phi c van x tt (by-pass) x
kh thi trc tip ra ng khi m khng qua h thng x l kh thi khi c s c.
Van x tt phi c cn iu khin bng tay hoc t ng cao va vi ngi
ng, m bo thao tc thun li, kp thi ngay khi c s c m khng phi tro
ln l t. Phi ngng np cht thi ngay sau khi s dng van x tt. Ch c vn

CNG BO/S 77 + 78/Ngy 05-02-2013

53

hnh li sau khi khc phc s c hon ton. Van x tt phi c nim phong ca
c quan cp php trnh s dng ty tin v phi thng bo trong vng 48 (bn
mi tm) gi sau khi ph nim phong c quan cp php nim phong li.
3.4. Gim st l t cht thi rn y t
3.4.1. L t CTRYT phi lp thit b gim st t ng, lin tc o v ghi li
thng s nhit trong cc vng t, nhit kh thi sau h thng x l kh thi.
3.4.2. Phi b tr my ghi hnh (camera) hoc ca s quan st trc tip quan
st qu trnh thiu t cht thi trong vng t s cp vi ng knh hoc rng
mi chiu ti thiu 05 (nm) cm.
3.4.3. Vic gim st mi trng nh k i vi l t CTRYT phi c thc
hin theo quy nh hin hnh v yu cu ca c quan cp php, nhng vi tn sut
khng di 3 (ba) thng/ln.
3.4.4. Vic gim st t ng, lin tc i vi mt s thng s nht nh trong
kh thi v vic ly mu gim st i vi ioxin/furan ch phi thc hin trong mt
s trng hp c bit theo yu cu c th ca c quan cp php.
4. Phng php xc nh
4.1. Phng php xc nh cc thng s nhim trong kh thi l t CTRYT
thc hin theo cc tiu chun quc gia di y:
- TCVN 5977:2009 - Pht thi ngun tnh - Xc nh nng khi lng bi
bng phng php th cng;
- TCVN 6750:2000 - S pht thi ca ngun tnh - Xc nh nng khi
lng lu hunh ixit - Phng php sc k kh ion;
- TCVN 7172:2002 - S pht thi ca ngun tnh - Xc nh nng khi
lng nit oxit - Phng php trc quang dng naphtyletylendiamin;
- TCVN 7242:2003 - L t cht thi rn y t - Phng php xc nh nng
cacbon monoxit (CO) trong kh thi;
- TCVN 7244:2003 - L t cht thi rn y t - Phng php xc nh nng
axit clohydric (HCI) trong kh thi;
- TCVN 7557-1:2005 - L t cht thi rn y t - Xc nh kim loi nng trong
kh thi - Phn 1: Quy nh chung;
- TCVN 7557-2:2005 - L t cht thi rn y t - Xc nh kim loi nng trong
kh thi - Phn 2: Phng php xc nh nng thy ngn bng o ph hp th
nguyn t ha hi lnh;
- TCVN 7557-3:2005 - L t cht thi rn y t - Xc nh kim loi nng trong
kh thi - Phn 3: Phng php xc nh nng cadimi v ch bng o ph hp
th nguyn t ngn la v khng ngn la;

54

CNG BO/S 77 + 78/Ngy 05-02-2013

- TCVN 7556-3:2005 - L t cht thi rn y t - Xc nh nng khi lng

PCDD/PCDF - Phn 3: nh tnh v nh lng.
4.2. Cc tiu chun quc t c chnh xc tng ng hoc cao hn c
chp nhn xc nh nng ca cc thng s nhim trong kh thi l t
CTRYT hoc khi cha c cc tiu chun quc gia.
5. T chc thc hin
5.1. Quy chun ny c hiu lc k t ngy 01 thng 3 nm 2013 v p dng
thay th QCVN 02:2008/BTNMT - Quy chun k thut quc gia v kh thi l t
cht thi rn y t.
5.2. T chc, c nhn s dng l t CTRYT trn lnh th nc Cng ha x
hi ch ngha Vit Nam phi tun th y cc quy nh ti Quy chun ny, tr
trng hp l t CTRYT chnh thc hot ng trc ngy 01 thng 3 nm 2013
th c tm thi min p dng mt s quy nh (tr Mc 2.2) ti Quy chun
ny cho n ht ngy 30 thng 6 nm 2016 nu cc quy nh i hi phi
nng cp, ci to, iu chnh, b sung v thit k, cu to, thit b, vt liu so
vi hin trng.
5.3. Trong thi gian cha c Quy chun ring, kh thi l ha tng phi tun
th quy nh ti ct A Bng 2 Mc 2.2 Quy chun ny, khng p dng Tiu chun
quc gia TCVN 6560:1999 (6560:2005) - Cht lng khng kh - Kh thi l t
cht thi rn y t theo hng dn ti Mc 2 Phn X Thng t s 02/2009/TT-BYT
ngy 26 thng 5 nm 2009 ca B Y t hng dn v sinh trong hot ng mai
tng v ha tng.
5.4. Trng hp cc quy chun k thut quc gia, tiu chun quc gia vin
dn trong Quy chun ny c sa i, b sung hoc thay th th p dng theo
vn bn mi.
5.5. C quan qun l nh nc v mi trng c trch nhim hng dn, kim
tra, gim st vic thc hin Quy chun ny./.

CNG BO/S 77 + 78/Ngy 05-02-2013

55

QCVN 30: 2012/BTNMT

QUY CHUN K THUT QUC GIA

V L T CHT THI CNG NGHIP
National Technical Regulation on Industrial Waste Incinerator

Li ni u
QCVN 30: 2012/BTNMT do T son tho Thng t ban hnh Quy chun k
thut quc gia v l t cht thi rn y t v Quy chun k thut quc gia v l t
cht thi cng nghip bin son, V Khoa hc v Cng ngh, V Php ch trnh
duyt v c ban hnh theo Thng t s 27/2012/TT-BTNMT ngy 28 thng 12
nm 2012 ca B trng B Ti nguyn v Mi trng.

56

CNG BO/S 77 + 78/Ngy 05-02-2013

QUY CHUN K THUT QUC GIA
V L T CHT THI CNG NGHIP
National Technical Regulation on Industrial Waste Incinerator
1. Quy nh chung
1.1. Phm vi iu chnh

Quy chun ny quy nh cc yu cu k thut v mi trng i vi l t cht

thi cng nghip.
1.2. i tng p dng
Quy chun ny p dng i vi t chc, c nhn sn xut, nhp khu, kinh
doanh (phn phi), s dng l t cht thi cng nghip trn lnh th nc Cng
ha x hi ch ngha Vit Nam; c quan qun l nh nc v mi trng; n v
ly mu, phn tch v cc t chc, c nhn c lin quan.
1.3. Gii thch t ng
Trong Quy chun ny, cc t ng di y c hiu nh sau:
1.3.1. Cht thi cng nghip (sau y vit tt l CTCN) l nhng cht thi
pht sinh t cc qu trnh cng nghip, gm c cht thi nguy hi v cht thi
khng nguy hi (cht thi thng thng).
1.3.2. L t CTCN l h thng thit b x l CTCN bng phng php thiu
t km theo h thng x l kh thi.
1.3.3. Vng t (hoc bung t) l cc khu vc s dng nhit ca l t
CTCN, gm c:
a) Vng t s cp l khu vc s dng nhit chuyn ha cht thi thnh th
kh v th rn (tro x, bi);
b) Vng t th cp l khu vc s dng nhit cao thiu t cc thnh
phn ca dng kh c chuyn ha t vng t s cp.
1.3.4. Thi gian lu chy (retention time) l thi gian dng kh lu chuyn t
im vo n im ra ca vng t th cp iu kin nhit quy nh ti Bng 1
ca Quy chun ny.
1.3.5. Kh thi l hn hp cc thnh phn vt cht pht thi ra mi trng
khng kh t ng khi ca l t CTCN.
1.3.6. Tro x l cc cht rn cn li sau khi thiu t cht thi trong l t CTCN.
1.3.7. Bi l tn gi chung cho bi v tro bay pht sinh trong qu trnh thiu
t cht thi, c gi li trong qu trnh x l kh thi.
1.3.8. Cng sut (capacity) l kh nng x l ca l t CTCN, c tnh bng s
lng cht thi ti a m l t CTCN thiu t c hon ton trong mt gi (kg/h).

CNG BO/S 77 + 78/Ngy 05-02-2013

57

1.3.9. C quan cp php l tn gi chung cho c quan cp giy php qun l

cht thi nguy hi hoc c quan xc nhn vic thc hin cc cng trnh, bin php
bo v mi trng trc khi a l t CTCN vo hot ng i vi trng hp
khng phi cp giy php qun l cht thi nguy hi theo quy nh (l t cht thi
khng nguy hi hoc l t ch c mc ch t x l cht thi nguy hi pht sinh
ni b trong khun vin c s cng nghip).
2. Quy nh k thut
2.1. Yu cu k thut c bn i vi l t cht thi cng nghip
2.1.1. L t CTCN phi c quy trnh hot ng theo nguyn l thiu t
nhiu cp, ti thiu phi c hai vng t (s cp v th cp). Th tch cc vng t
c tnh ton cn c vo cng sut v thi gian lu chy ca l t CTCN theo
quy nh ti Ph lc 1 km theo Quy chun ny.
2.1.2. Trong l t CTCN phi c p sut nh hn p sut bn ngoi (cn gi
l p sut m) hn ch khi thot ra ngoi mi trng qua ca np cht thi.
2.1.3. ng khi ca l t CTCN phi m bo nh sau:
a) Chiu cao ng khi phi c tnh ton ph hp, m bo yu cu v cht
lng khng kh xung quanh khi pht tn vo mi trng khng kh, nhng khng
c thp hn 20 (hai mi) m tnh t mt t. Trng hp trong phm vi 40 (bn
mi) m tnh t chn ng khi c vt cn ln (nh nh, rng cy, i...) th ng
khi phi cao hn ti thiu 03 (ba) m so vi im cao nht ca vt cn;
b) ng khi phi c im (ca) ly mu kh thi vi ng knh hoc rng
mi chiu ti thiu 10 (mi) cm, c np y iu chnh m rng, km theo
sn thao tc m bo an ton, thun li khi tip cn v ly mu. im ly mu phi
nm trong khong gia hai v tr sau:
- Cn di: Pha trn im cao nht ca mi ni gia ng dn t h thng x
l kh thi vi ng khi mt khong cch bng 07 (by) ln ng knh trong ca
ng khi;
- Cn trn: Pha di ming ng khi 03 (ba) m.
2.1.4. Trong qu trnh hot ng bnh thng, cc thng s k thut c bn ca
l t CTCN phi p ng cc quy nh ti Bng 1 di y:
Bng 1. Cc thng s k thut c bn ca l t cht thi cng nghip
TT

Thng s

Cng sut ca l t(1)

Nhit vng t s cp(2)

n v

Gi tr
yu cu

kg/gi

100

650

58
TT

CNG BO/S 77 + 78/Ngy 05-02-2013

Thng s

n v

Gi tr
yu cu

Nhit vng t th cp
Trng hp thiu t cht thi khng nguy hi (cht
thi thng thng)
3

Trng hp thiu t cht thi nguy hi nhng khng

cha cc thnh phn halogen hu c vt ngng cht
thi nguy hi(3)

1.000
C

Trng hp thiu t cht thi nguy hi cha cc thnh

phn halogen hu c vt ngng cht thi nguy hi(3)

1.050
1.200

Thi gian lu chy trong vng t th cp

Lng oxy d (o ti im ly mu)

6 - 15

Nhit bn ngoi v l (hoc lp chn cch ly nhit)

60

Nhit kh thi ra mi trng (o ti im ly mu)

180

Nhit lng tiu tn trung bnh ca nhin liu s dng

thiu t 01 (mt) kg cht thi(4)(5)

Kcal

1.000

Kh nng hot ng lin tc (m vn m bo v

bn c kh v cc thng s k thut)(5)

gi

72

Ch thch:
(1)
Cng sut 100 kg/h tng ng th tch ti thiu ca vng t s cp l 1,4m3.
(2)
Trng hp c th (nh thiu t nhit phn ym kh hoc thiu t thu
hi cc kim loi c nhit bay hi thp t cht thi) th vng t s cp c th
vn hnh nhit thp hn 650C vi iu kin vn hnh th nghim t yu
cu v c c quan cp php chp thun.
(3)
Theo quy nh ti QCVN 07:2009/BTNMT - Quy chun k thut quc gia v
ngng cht thi nguy hi (sau y gi tt l QCVN 07:2009/BTNMT).
(4)
1.000 Kcal tng ng nhit lng thu c khi t 0,1 kg du diezel.
(5)
Vic nh gi cc thng s ny ch p dng trong qu trnh kim tra, gim st
ca c quan cp php.
2.1.5. Khng c trn khng kh bn ngoi vo pha long kh thi k t
im ra ca vng t th cp n v tr c cao 02 (hai) m tnh t im ly mu
kh thi trn ng khi.
2.1.6. L t CTCN phi c h thng x l kh thi vi quy trnh hot ng
bao gm cc cng on chnh sau:

CNG BO/S 77 + 78/Ngy 05-02-2013

59

a) Gii nhit (h nhanh nhit ) kh thi nhng khng c s dng bin php
trn trc tip khng kh bn ngoi vo dng kh thi lm mt;
b) X l bi (kh hoc t);
c) X l cc thnh phn c hi trong kh thi (nh hp th, hp ph).
Mt s cng on nu trn c thc hin kt hp ng thi trong mt thit b
hoc mt cng on c thc hin ti nhiu hn mt thit b trong h thng x l
kh thi.
2.2. Gi tr ti a cho php ca cc thng s nhim trong kh thi l t
cht thi cng nghip
Trong qu trnh hot ng bnh thng, gi tr cc thng s nhim trong kh
thi l t CTCN khi thi ra mi trng khng c vt qu cc gi tr quy nh
ti Bng 2 di y:
Bng 2. Gi tr ti a cho php ca cc thng s nhim trong kh thi
TT

Thng s nhim

n v

Gi tr ti a
cho php
A

Bi tng

mg/Nm3

150

100

Axt clohydric, HCI

mg/Nm3

50

50

Cacbon monoxyt, CO

mg/Nm3

300

250

Lu hunh dioxyt, SO2

mg/Nm3

300

250

Nit oxyt, NOx (tnh theo NO2)

mg/Nm3

500

500

Thy ngn v hp cht tnh theo thy ngn, Hg

mg/Nm3

0,5

0,2

Cadmi v hp cht tnh theo Cadmi, Cd

mg/Nm3

0,2

0,16

Ch v hp cht tnh theo ch, Pb

mg/Nm3

1,5

1,2

Tng cc kim loi nng khc (As, Sb, Ni,

Co, Cu, Cr, Sn, Mn, TI, Zn) v hp cht
tng ng

mg/Nm3

1,8

1,2

mg/Nm3

100

50

ngTEQ/Nm3

2,3

1,2

1,2

0,6

10 Tng hydrocacbon, HC
Tng ioxin/furan, PCDD/PCDF
11 L t c cng sut di 300 kg/h
L t c cng sut t 300 kg/h tr ln

60

CNG BO/S 77 + 78/Ngy 05-02-2013

Trong :
- Ct A p dng i vi tt c cc l t CTCN cho n ngy 31 thng 12
nm 2014;
- Ct B p dng i vi tt c cc l t CTCN k t ngy 01 thng 01 nm 2015.
3. Quy nh v vn hnh, ng ph s c v gim st
3.1. Vn hnh l t cht thi cng nghip
3.1.1. Phi xy dng v thc hin quy trnh vn hnh an ton l t CTCN,
trong lu cc ni dung sau:
a) Tr trng hp l t CTCN c quy trnh hot ng c bit do nh sn
xut quy nh v c xem xt c th bi c quan cp php, quy trnh khi ng l
t CTCN phi theo trnh t nh sau:
- Bc 1: Khi ng h thng x l kh thi;
- Bc 2: Khi ng v sy nng tt c cc vng t. Ch c np mt s loi
cht thi khng nguy hi c nhit tr ln (nh cht thi sinh khi) thay th, b
sung nhin liu truyn thng sau khi s dng nhin liu truyn thng sy nng
vng t s cp ln nhit trn 300 (ba trm) C v vng t th cp ln nhit
trn 800 (tm trm) C. Cc loi cht thi khng nguy hi s dng trong qu trnh
khi ng ny phi c xc nh v ghi r trong quy trnh;
- Bc 3: Chnh thc np cht thi vo l t CTCN. Ch c np cht thi
khng nguy hi c nhit tr nh, cht thi nguy hi khi nhit cc vng t t
gi tr tng ng theo quy nh ti Bng 1 ca Quy chun ny.
b) Quy trnh kt thc hot ng l t CTCN phi c thc hin theo trnh
t sau:
- Bc 1: Ngng np cht thi. Tip tc o trn cht thi cn li trong vng
t s cp v cp nhin liu (nu cn thit) cho n khi cht thi chy hon ton;
- Bc 2: Ngng cp nhin liu vo vng t s cp sau khi cht thi chy
hon ton (khng cn du hiu chy);
- Bc 3: Ngng cp nhin liu vo vng t th cp sau khi khng cn khi
trong vng t s cp v khng cn kh thi qua ng khi;
- Bc 4: Ngng h thng x l kh thi v kt thc ton b hot ng ca l
t khi nhit vng t s cp xung di 300 (ba trm) C.
3.1.2. Cht thi trc khi c np vo l t CTCN phi c kim sot
khng nh hng n vic vn hnh bnh thng ca l t, trnh np cc cht thi
khng c kh nng x l bng l t. Phi chun b lng cht thi m bo
mi ln vn hnh l t CTCN khng di 24 (hai mi bn) gi lin tc. Mt s
yu cu i vi cht thi trc khi np vo l t c nu ti Ph lc 2 km theo
Quy chun ny.

CNG BO/S 77 + 78/Ngy 05-02-2013

61

3.1.3. Khng c php thiu t: Cht thi phng x; cht thi d n; cht
thi c tnh cht n mn hoc c cha thy ngn, ch, cadimi vt ngng cht
thi nguy hi theo quy nh ti QCVN 07:2009/BTNMT. Ch c thiu t cht
thi c cha thnh phn halogen hu c vt ngng cht thi nguy hi theo quy
nh ti QCVN 07:2009/BTNMT trong l t CTCN do Tng cc Mi trng - B
Ti nguyn v Mi trng cp giy php qun l cht thi nguy hi.
3.1.4. L t CTCN c th tch vng t s cp ln hn 20 (hai mi) m3 hoc
khong cch t im xa nht ca vng t s cp n ca np cht thi ln hn 2
(hai) m th phi lp thm cc thit b c kh ha cho vic np cht thi vo l t
v o trn cht thi trong vng t s cp (tr trng hp cng ngh khng yu
cu o trn nh t nhit phn ym kh).
3.1.5. C bin php k thut ly tro x ra khi vng t s cp trong qu
trnh vn hnh mt cch thun li m bo l t CTCN hot ng lin tc,
khng gin on.
3.1.6. Phi lp nht k vn hnh l t CTCN, trong ghi r s lng, loi
cht thi c thiu t, thi gian thc hin v tn ngi vn hnh.
3.2. Qun l cht thi pht sinh t l t cht thi cng nghip
3.2.1. Nc thi pht sinh t qu trnh vn hnh h thng x l kh thi l t
CTCN (nu c) ch c x ra mi trng sau khi c x l t QCVN
40:2011/BTNMT - Quy chun k thut quc gia v nc thi cng nghip.
3.2.2. Tro x, bi, bn thi v cc cht thi rn khc pht sinh t qu trnh vn
hnh l t CTCN phi c phn nh, phn loi theo quy nh ti QCVN
07:2009/BTNMT c bin php qun l ph hp theo quy nh.
3.3. Phng nga v ng ph s c
3.3.1. Phi xy dng v thc hin k hoch phng nga v ng ph s c chy
n theo quy nh v phng chy, cha chy di s hng dn ca c quan c
thm quyn qun l v cng tc phng chy, cha chy.
3.3.2. Phi xy dng v thc hin cc phng n d phng v ng ph i vi
cc s c khc theo quy nh (nh quy nh v qun l cht thi nguy hi trong
trng hp thiu t cht thi nguy hi).
3.3.3. Ngoi c ch ngt bng tay, cc vng t phi c c ch t ng ngt
khi hot ng bt thng hoc c s c.
3.3.4. Cc vng t phi c bin php k thut h nhit kp thi khi nhit
trong cc vng t tng cao t ngt, bt thng hoc c s c.
3.3.5. L t CTCN phi c van x tt (by-pass) x kh thi trc tip ra ng
khi m khng qua h thng x l kh thi khi c s c. Van x tt phi c cn
iu khin bng tay hoc t ng cao va vi ngi ng, m bo thao tc

62

CNG BO/S 77 + 78/Ngy 05-02-2013

thun li, kp thi ngay khi c s c m khng phi tro ln l t. Phi ngng np
cht thi ngay sau khi s dng van x tt. Ch c vn hnh li sau khi khc
phc s c hon ton. Van x tt phi c nim phong ca c quan cp php
trnh s dng ty tin v phi thng bo trong vng 48 (bn mi tm) gi sau khi
ph nim phong c quan cp php nim phong li.
3.4. Gim st l t cht thi cng nghip
3.4.1. L t CTCN phi lp thit b gim st t ng, lin tc o v ghi li
thng s nhit trong cc vng t, nhit kh thi sau h thng x l kh thi.
3.4.2. Phi b tr my ghi hnh (camera) hoc ca quan st trc tip quan st
qu trnh thiu t cht thi trong vng t s cp vi ng knh hoc rng
mi chiu ti thiu 05 (nm) cm.
3.4.3. Vic gim st mi trng nh k i vi l t CTCN phi c thc
hin theo quy nh hin hnh v yu cu ca c quan cp php, nhng vi tn sut
khng di 3 (ba) thng/ln.
3.4.4. Vic gim st t ng, lin tc i vi mt s thng s nht nh trong
kh thi v vic ly mu gim st i vi ioxin/furan ch phi thc hin trong
trng hp thiu t cht thi c cha cc thnh phn halogen hu c vt ngng
cht thi nguy hi theo quy nh ti QCVN 07:2009/BTNMT hoc mt s trng
hp c bit khc theo yu cu c th ca c quan cp php.
4. Phng php xc nh
4.1. Phng php xc nh cc thng s nhim trong kh thi l t CTCN
thc hin theo cc tiu chun quc gia di y:
- TCVN 5977: 2009 - Pht thi ngun tnh - Xc nh nng khi lng bi
bng phng php th cng;
- TCVN 6750: 2000 - S pht thi ca ngun tnh - Xc nh nng khi
lng lu hunh ixit - Phng php sc k kh ion;
- TCVN 7172: 2002 - S pht thi ca ngun tnh - Xc nh nng khi
lng nit oxit - Phng php trc quang dng naphtyletylendiamin;
- TCVN 7242: 2003 - L t cht thi rn y t - Phng php xc nh nng
cacbon monoxit (CO) trong kh thi;
- TCVN 7244: 2003 - L t cht thi rn y t - Phng php xc nh nng
axit clohydric (HCI) trong kh thi;
- TCVN 7557-1: 2005 - L t cht thi rn y t - Xc nh kim loi nng
trong kh thi - Phn 1: Quy nh chung;
- TCVN 7557-2: 2005 - L t cht thi rn y t - Xc nh kim loi nng
trong kh thi - Phn 2: Phng php xc nh nng thy ngn bng o ph hp
th nguyn t ha hi lnh;

CNG BO/S 77 + 78/Ngy 05-02-2013

63

- TCVN 7557-3: 2005 - L t cht thi rn y t - Xc nh kim loi nng

trong kh thi - Phn 3: Phng php xc nh nng cadmi v ch bng o ph
hp th nguyn t ngn la v khng ngn la;
- TCVN 7556-3: 2005 - L t cht thi rn y t - Xc nh nng khi
lng PCDD/PCDF - Phn 3: nh tnh v nh lng.
4.2. Cc tiu chun quc t c chnh xc tng ng hoc cao hn c
chp nhn xc nh nng ca cc thng s nhim trong kh thi l t
CTCN hoc khi cha c cc tiu chun quc gia.
5. T chc thc hin
5.1. Quy chun ny c hiu lc k t ngy 01 thng 3 nm 2013 v p dng
thay th QCVN 30: 2010/BTNMT - Quy chun k thut quc gia v kh thi l t
cht thi cng nghip.
5.2. T chc, c nhn s dng l t CTCN trn lnh th nc Cng ha x
hi ch ngha Vit Nam phi tun th y cc quy nh ti Quy chun ny tr
cc trng hp sau:
5.2.1. L t CTCN chnh thc hot ng trc ngy 01 thng 3 nm 2013
c tm thi min p dng mt s quy nh (tr Mc 2.2) ti Quy chun ny cho
n ht ngy 31 thng 12 nm 2014 nu cc quy nh i hi phi nng cp, ci
to, iu chnh, b sung v thit k, cu to, thit b, vt liu so vi hin trng.
5.2.2. Trong thi gian cha c Quy chun ring, l t mi vi trnh k
thut tin tin hn nh l plasma c min p dng mt s quy nh (tr Mc 2.2)
ti Quy chun ny nu c xem xt, chp thun trong qu trnh thm nh cng
ngh, ph duyt bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng v cp giy php qun l
cht thi nguy hi theo quy nh.
5.2.3. Trng hp cn thit, c quan cp php c thm quyn quyt nh cui
cng i vi vic cho php hoc khng cho php min p dng mt s quy nh
(tr Mc 2.2) ti Quy chun ny.
5.3. L t CTCN tun th cc quy nh ti Quy chun ny c s dng
thiu t cht thi khc vi CTCN nh cht thi rn y t m khng phi tun th
thm cc quy nh i vi l t cht thi khc vi CTCN (nu c) nh QCVN
02:2012/BTNMT - Quy chun k thut quc gia v l t cht thi rn y t.
5.4. Trng hp cc quy chun k thut quc gia, tiu chun quc gia vin
dn trong Quy chun ny c sa i, b sung hoc thay th th p dng theo
vn bn mi.
5.5. C quan qun l nh nc v mi trng c trch nhim hng dn, kim
tra, gim st vic thc hin Quy chun ny./.

64

CNG BO/S 77 + 78/Ngy 05-02-2013

Ph lc 1
CCH TNH MT S THNG S K THUT CA L T CHT
THI CNG NGHIP
(Km theo QCVN 30:2012/BTNMT - Quy chun k thut quc gia
v l t cht thi cng nghip)
1. Cch tnh th tch ca vng t s cp
Th tch ca vng t s cp c tnh theo cc cng thc sau:
Q.Ctk
Vsc =
q
Hoc:
0,04 . Ctk Vsc 0,014 . Ctk
Trong :
- Vsc: Th tch ca vng t s cp (m3);
- Ctk: Cng sut thit k ca l t (kg/h);
- Q: Nhit tr (thp) ca cht thi (mc nh trong khong 2.800 - 4.000 kcal/kg);

- q: Mt nhit th tch vng t (mc nh trong khong 100.000 - 200.000

kcal/m3h).
V d: Trng hp l t c cng sut thit k 100 kg/h th th tch tng ng
ca vng t s cp c la chn trong khong 1,4 - 4m3 ty theo nh sn xut.
2. Cch tnh th tch ca vng t th cp
Th tch ca vng t th cp c tnh theo cng thc sau:
Vtc = ttk . L
Trong :
- Vtc: Th tch ca vng t th cp (m3);
- ttk: Thi gian lu chy thit k ( 2s);
- L: Lu lng ca dng kh chuyn ng trong vng t th cp (m3/s).
3. Cch tnh cng sut thc t ca l t
Cng sut thc t ca mt l t CTCN c th khc vi cng sut thit k v
thay i ty theo tnh cht ca loi cht thi c np vo l t. Cng sut thc t
c tnh theo cc cch sau:
3.1. Cng thc tnh ton khi bit nhit tr ca cht thi
C=

Vsc .q
Q

CNG BO/S 77 + 78/Ngy 05-02-2013

65

Trong :
- C: Cng sut thc t ca l t (kg/h);
- Vsc: Th tch ca vng t s cp (m3);
- q: Mt nhit th tch vng t (kcal/m3h);
- Q: Nhit tr (thp) ca tng loi cht thi trn thc t (kcal/kg).
3.2. Cch tnh cn c vo thc t hot ng ca l t
Gim st v iu chnh ti lng np cht thi vo l t cho n khi l t
vn hnh n nh, tun th cc thng s quy nh ti Bng 1, Bng 2 ca Quy
chun ny v cht thi c thiu t hon ton trong l t trong mt thi gian
nht nh m bo kt qu tin cy (v d 24 gi).
4. Cch tnh thi gian lu chy thc t
Trng hp khng c phng php o chnh xc nh o thi gian di chuyn
ca vt liu (ht) ch th trong vng t th cp, thi gian lu chy thc t ca l
t c tnh theo cng thc sau:
t = Vtc / L
Trong :
- t: Thi gian lu chy thc t (s).
- Vtc: Th tch ca vng t th cp o trn thc t (m3).
- L: Lu lng ca dng kh chuyn ng trong vng t th cp (m3/s). Lu
lng L c th c tnh ton ngoi suy da trn lu lng ca dng kh thi o
ti im ly mu trn ng khi hoc cn c vo lu lng ca qut ht sau vng
t th cp.

66

CNG BO/S 77 + 78/Ngy 05-02-2013

Ph lc 2
YU CU I VI CHT THI TRC KHI NP VO L T
(Km theo QCVN 30:2012/BTNMT - Quy chun k thut quc gia
v l t cht thi cng nghip)

Tr trng hp c bit, cht thi phi c chun b hoc s ch trc khi

np vo l t CTCN theo cc yu cu sau:
1. Cht thi rn phi c kch thc ph hp c thiu t nhanh chng,
c bit cc cht thi dng khi c, lin th rn phi m bo c dy ti thiu
ti mt chiu bt k khng qu 10 (mi) cm.
2. Cc cht thi nguy hi c phi trn vi nhau hoc phi trn vi cc cht
thi khng nguy hi hoc ph gia ph hp to dng cht thi n nh, tr trng
hp cc cht thi phi trn c phn ng ha hc vi nhau gy nguy him hoc to
ra thnh phn mi kh x l.
3. Cht thi bt dnh, c xp thp hoc kh bt chy phi c phi trn
thm cht thi, ph gia ph hp (nh mn ca, v tru...) gim tnh bt dnh,
tng xp v kh nng bt chy.
4. Cht thi c m cao nh bn thi phi c lm gim m hoc phi
trn vi cht thi, ph gia dng kh.
5. Cht thi th lng c phun trc tip vo cc vng t bng vi phun
ring hoc phi trn vi cht thi, ph gia th rn kh np vo vng t s cp.
6. Cht thi c nhit tr nh cn c phi trn hoc c t cng vi cht
thi, ph gia c nhit tr ln hn m bo nhit tr (thp) trong khong 2.800 4.000 kcal/kg nhm m bo tit kim nhin liu cng nh hot ng v cng sut
bnh thng ca l t CTCN.