Professional Documents
Culture Documents
LaTeX Symbol List
LaTeX Symbol List
Abstract
This document lists 5913 symbols and the corresponding LATEX commands that produce them. Some
of these symbols are guaranteed to be available in every LATEX 2 system; others require fonts and packages
that may not accompany a given distribution and that therefore need to be installed. All of the fonts
and packages used to prepare this documentas well as this document itselfare freely available from the
Comprehensive TEX Archive Network (http://www.ctan.org/).
Contents
Contents
Introduction
1.1 Document Usage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.2 Frequently Requested Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8
8
8
Body-text symbols
Table 1:
LATEX 2 Escapable Special Characters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 2:
Predefined LATEX 2 Text-mode Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 3:
LATEX 2 Commands Defined to Work in Both Math and Text Mode
Table 4:
AMS Commands Defined to Work in Both Math and Text Mode . .
Table 5:
Non-ASCII Letters (Excluding Accented Letters) . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 6:
Letters Used to Typeset African Languages . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 7:
Letters Used to Typeset Vietnamese . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 8:
Punctuation Marks Not Found in OT1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 9:
pifont Decorative Punctuation Marks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 10: tipa Phonetic Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 11: tipx Phonetic Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 12: wsuipa Phonetic Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 13: wasysym Phonetic Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 14: phonetic Phonetic Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 15: t4phonet Phonetic Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 16: semtrans Transliteration Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 17: Text-mode Accents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 18: tipa Text-mode Accents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 19: extraipa Text-mode Accents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 20: wsuipa Text-mode Accents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 21: phonetic Text-mode Accents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 22: metre Text-mode Accents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 23: t4phonet Text-mode Accents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 24: arcs Text-mode Accents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 25: semtrans Accents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 26: ogonek Accents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 27: combelow Accents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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The original version of this document was written by David Carlisle, with several additional tables provided by Alexander
Holt. See Section 8.8 on page 118 for more information about who did what.
Table
Table
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3
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40:
41:
wsuipa Diacritics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
textcomp Diacritics . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
textcomp Currency Symbols . . . . . . . . .
marvosym Currency Symbols . . . . . . . . .
wasysym Currency Symbols . . . . . . . . .
ChinA2e Currency Symbols . . . . . . . . . .
teubner Currency Symbols . . . . . . . . . .
eurosym Euro Signs . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
fourier Euro Signs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
textcomp Legal Symbols . . . . . . . . . . .
cclicenses Creative Commons License Icons .
textcomp Old-style Numerals . . . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous textcomp Symbols . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous wasysym Text-mode Symbols
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Mathematical symbols
Table 42: Math-Mode Versions of Text Symbols . . . . .
Table 43: cmll Unary Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 44: Binary Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 45: AMS Binary Operators . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 46: stmaryrd Binary Operators . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 47: wasysym Binary Operators . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 48: txfonts/pxfonts Binary Operators . . . . . . .
Table 49: mathabx Binary Operators . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 50: MnSymbol Binary Operators . . . . . . . . . .
Table 51: mathdesign Binary Operators . . . . . . . . .
Table 52: cmll Binary Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 53: shuffle Binary Operators . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 54: ulsy Geometric Binary Operators . . . . . . .
Table 55: mathabx Geometric Binary Operators . . . . .
Table 56: MnSymbol Geometric Binary Operators . . . .
Table 57: Variable-sized Math Operators . . . . . . . .
Table 58: AMS Variable-sized Math Operators . . . . .
Table 59: stmaryrd Variable-sized Math Operators . . .
Table 60: wasysym Variable-sized Math Operators . . .
Table 61: mathabx Variable-sized Math Operators . . .
Table 62: txfonts/pxfonts Variable-sized Math Operators
Table 63: esint Variable-sized Math Operators . . . . . .
Table 64: MnSymbol Variable-sized Math Operators . .
Table 65: mathdesign Variable-sized Math Operators . .
Table 66: cmll Large Math Operators . . . . . . . . . .
Table 67: Binary Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 68: AMS Binary Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 69: AMS Negated Binary Relations . . . . . . . .
Table 70: stmaryrd Binary Relations . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 71: wasysym Binary Relations . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 72: txfonts/pxfonts Binary Relations . . . . . . . .
Table 73: txfonts/pxfonts Negated Binary Relations . . .
Table 74: mathabx Binary Relations . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 75: mathabx Negated Binary Relations . . . . . .
Table 76: MnSymbol Binary Relations . . . . . . . . . .
Table 77: MnSymbol Negated Binary Relations . . . . .
Table 78: mathtools Binary Relations . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 79: turnstile Binary Relations . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 80: trsym Binary Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 81: trfsigns Binary Relations . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 82: cmll Binary Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 83: colonequals Binary Relations . . . . . . . . . .
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Table
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36
36
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38
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38
39
39
40
40
40
41
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46
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47
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52
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
141:
142:
143:
144:
145:
146:
147:
148:
149:
150:
151:
152:
153:
154:
155:
156:
157:
158:
159:
160:
161:
162:
163:
164:
165:
166:
167:
168:
169:
170:
171:
172:
173:
174:
175:
176:
177:
178:
179:
180:
181:
182:
183:
184:
185:
186:
187:
188:
189:
190:
191:
192:
193:
194:
195:
196:
197:
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52
52
52
52
52
53
53
53
53
53
53
54
54
54
54
55
55
56
56
57
57
57
57
57
58
58
58
58
59
59
59
59
60
60
60
60
61
61
61
61
62
62
62
62
63
63
63
63
63
64
64
64
64
64
64
65
65
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
4
198:
199:
200:
201:
202:
203:
204:
205:
206:
207:
208:
209:
210:
211:
212:
213:
fge Digits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
dozenal Base-12 Digits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
mathabx Mayan Digits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous LATEX 2 Math Symbols . . . . . .
Miscellaneous AMS Math Symbols . . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous wasysym Math Symbols . . . . . .
Miscellaneous txfonts/pxfonts Math Symbols . . .
Miscellaneous mathabx Math Symbols . . . . . .
Miscellaneous MnSymbol Math Symbols . . . . .
Miscellaneous Internal MnSymbol Math Symbols
Miscellaneous textcomp Text-mode Math Symbols
Miscellaneous marvosym Math Symbols . . . . . .
Miscellaneous fge Math Symbols . . . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous mathdesign Math Symbols . . . . .
Miscellaneous arev Math Symbols . . . . . . . . .
Math Alphabets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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65
65
65
65
66
66
66
66
66
67
67
67
67
67
67
68
Mode
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70
70
70
70
70
70
70
71
71
71
71
71
72
72
72
73
73
73
73
74
74
74
Dingbats
Table 235:
Table 236:
Table 237:
Table 238:
Table 239:
Table 240:
Table 241:
Table 242:
Table 243:
Table 244:
Table 245:
Table 246:
Table 247:
Table 248:
Table 249:
Table 250:
Table 251:
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75
75
75
75
75
75
75
76
76
76
76
76
76
76
76
77
77
77
bbding Arrows . . . . . . . .
pifont Arrows . . . . . . . .
universal Arrows . . . . . . .
marvosym Scissors . . . . . .
bbding Scissors . . . . . . .
pifont Scissors . . . . . . . .
dingbat Pencils . . . . . . .
bbding Pencils and Nibs . .
pifont Pencils and Nibs . . .
dingbat Fists . . . . . . . . .
bbding Fists . . . . . . . . .
pifont Fists . . . . . . . . . .
fourier Fists . . . . . . . . .
bbding Crosses and Plusses .
pifont Crosses and Plusses .
bbding Xs and Check Marks
pifont Xs and Check Marks
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5
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Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
6
252:
253:
254:
255:
256:
257:
258:
259:
260:
261:
262:
263:
264:
265:
266:
267:
268:
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77
77
77
77
78
78
78
78
79
79
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
Ancient languages
Table 269: phaistos Symbols from the Phaistos Disk . . . . . .
Table 270: protosem Proto-Semitic Characters . . . . . . . . .
Table 271: hieroglf Hieroglyphics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 272: linearA Linear A Script . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 273: linearb Linear B Basic and Optional Letters . . . .
Table 274: linearb Linear B Numerals . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 275: linearb Linear B Weights and Measures . . . . . . .
Table 276: linearb Linear B Ideograms . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 277: linearb Unidentified Linear B Symbols . . . . . . .
Table 278: cypriot Cypriot Letters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 279: sarabian South Arabian Letters . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 280: teubner Archaic Greek Letters and Greek Numerals
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81
81
81
82
82
85
85
85
86
86
86
87
87
Other symbols
Table 281: textcomp Genealogical Symbols .
Table 282: wasysym General Symbols . . . .
Table 283: wasysym Circles . . . . . . . . . .
Table 284: wasysym Musical Symbols . . . .
Table 285: arev Musical Symbols . . . . . . .
Table 286: harmony Musical Symbols . . . .
Table 287: harmony Musical Accents . . . . .
Table 288: manfnt Dangerous Bend Symbols
Table 289: Miscellaneous manfnt Symbols . .
Table 290: marvosym Navigation Symbols . .
Table 291: marvosym Laundry Symbols . . .
Table 292: marvosym Information Symbols .
Table 293: Other marvosym Symbols . . . . .
Table 294: Miscellaneous universa Symbols .
Table 295: Miscellaneous universal Symbols .
Table 296: Miscellaneous fourier Symbols . .
Table 297: ifsym Weather Symbols . . . . . .
Table 298: ifsym Alpine Symbols . . . . . . .
Table 299: ifsym Clocks . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 300: Other ifsym Symbols . . . . . . .
Table 301: clock Clocks . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 302: epsdice Dice . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 303: hhcount Dice . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 304: hhcount Tally Markers . . . . . .
Table 305: skull Symbols . . . . . . . . . . .
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Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
8
306:
307:
308:
309:
310:
311:
312:
313:
314:
315:
316:
317:
318:
319:
320:
Additional Information
8.1 Symbol Name Clashes . . . . . . . .
8.2 Resizing symbols . . . . . . . . . . .
8.3 Where can I find the symbol for . . . ?
8.4 Math-mode spacing . . . . . . . . . .
8.5 Bold mathematical symbols . . . . .
8.6 ASCII and Latin 1 quick reference .
8.7 Unicode characters . . . . . . . . . .
8.8 About this document . . . . . . . . .
8.9 Copyright and license . . . . . . . .
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.
100
100
100
100
112
113
114
117
118
121
References
122
Index
123
Introduction
Welcome to the Comprehensive LATEX Symbol List! This document strives to be your primary source of LATEX
symbol information: font samples, LATEX commands, packages, usage details, caveatseverything needed to
put thousands of different symbols at your disposal. All of the fonts covered herein meet the following criteria:
1. They are freely available from the Comprehensive TEX Archive Network (http://www.ctan.org).
2. All of their symbols have LATEX 2 bindings. That is, a user should be able to access a symbol by name,
not just by \charhnumber i.
These are not particularly limiting criteria; the Comprehensive LATEX Symbol List contains samples of 5913
symbolsquite a large number. Some of these symbols are guaranteed to be available in every LATEX 2 system;
others require fonts and packages that may not accompany a given distribution and that therefore need to
be installed. See http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=instpackages+wherefiles for help
with installing new fonts and packages.
1.1
Document Usage
Each section of this document contains a number of font tables. Each table shows a set of symbols, with the
corresponding LATEX command to the right of each symbol. A tables caption indicates what package needs to
be loaded in order to access that tables symbols. For example, the symbols in Table 39, textcomp Old-Style
Numerals, are made available by putting \usepackage{textcomp} in your documents preamble. AMS
means to use the AMS packages, viz. amssymb and/or amsmath. Notes below a table provide additional
information about some or all the symbols in that table.
One note that appears a few times in this document, particularly in Section 2, indicates that certain
symbols do not exist in the OT1 font encoding (Donald Knuths original, 7-bit font encoding, which is the
default font encoding for LATEX) and that you should use fontenc to select a different encoding, such as T1
(a common 8-bit font encoding). That means that you should put \usepackage[hencodingi]{fontenc} in
your documents preamble, where hencodingi is, e.g., T1 or LY1. To limit the change in font encoding to the
current group, use \fontencoding{hencodingi}\selectfont.
Section 8 contains some additional information about the symbols in this document. It discusses how
certain mathematical symbols can vary in height, shows which symbol names are not unique across packages,
gives examples of how to create new symbols out of existing symbols, explains how symbols are spaced in
math mode, compares various schemes for boldfacing symbols, presents LATEX ASCII and Latin 1 tables,
shows how to input and output Unicode characters, and provides some information about this document itself.
The Comprehensive LATEX Symbol List ends with an index of all the symbols in the document and various
additional useful terms.
1.2
There are a number of symbols that are requested over and over again on comp.text.tex. If youre looking
for such a symbol the following list will help you find it quickly.
, as in Spaces are significant.
, `, , , etc. (versus , `, i, and )
........
........
14
...............................
18
L, F, etc.
..............................
18
N, Z, R, etc.
, , and
..
..............................
, as in 180 or 15
64
..............
67
........................
68
......................
68
68
......................
19
...............................
..............................
20
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
..............................
27
...............................
30
B and F
.........................
31
. and &
.........................
38
107
. . . . . . 114
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
Body-text symbols
This section lists symbols that are intended for use in running text, such as punctuation marks, accents,
ligatures, and currency symbols.
\$
\_
\%
&
\}
\&
\#
\{
\
|
{
}
$
...
>
\textasciicircum
\textasciitilde
\textasteriskcentered
\textbackslash
\textbar
\textbraceleft
\textbraceright
\textbullet
\textcopyright
\textdagger
\textdaggerdbl
\textdollar
\textellipsis
\textemdash
\textendash
\textexclamdown
\textgreater
a
o
r
TM
<
\textless
\textordfeminine
\textordmasculine
\textparagraph
\textperiodcentered
\textquestiondown
\textquotedblleft
\textquotedblright
\textquoteleft
\textquoteright
\textregistered
\textsection
\textsterling
\texttrademark
\textunderscore
\textvisiblespace
Where two symbols are present, the left one is the faked symbol that LATEX 2
provides by default, and the right one is the true symbol that textcomp makes
available.
Its generally preferable to use the corresponding symbol from Table 3 because the
symbols in that table work properly in both text mode and math mode.
Table 3: LATEX 2 Commands Defined to Work in Both Math and Text Mode
$
\$
\P
\S
\_
\copyright
\dag
...
\ddag
\dots
\pounds
{
}
\{
\}
Where two symbols are present, the left one is the faked symbol that LATEX 2
provides by default, and the right one is the true symbol that textcomp makes
available.
Table 4: AMS Commands Defined to Work in Both Math and Text Mode
X
\checkmark
\circledR
\maltese
\DH
\dh
\DJ
\dj
\aa
\AA
\AE
\ae
L
l
\L
\l
\NG
\ng
SS
\o
\O
\OE
\oe
\ss
\SS
\TH
\th
Not available in the OT1 font encoding. Use the fontenc package to select an
alternate font encoding, such as T1.
\B{D}
\B{d}
\B{H}
\B{h}
\B{t}
\B{T}
\m{b}
\m{B}
\m{C}
\m{c}
\m{D}
\M{d}
\M{D}
\m{d}
\m{E}
\m{e}
\M{E}
\M{e}
\m{f}
\m{F}
\m{G}
\m{g}
\m{I}
\m{i}
\m{J}
\m{j}
\m{K}
\m{k}
\m{N}
\m{n}
\m{o}
\m{O}
\m{P}
\m{p}
\m{s}
\m{S}
\M{t}
\M{T}
\m{t}
\m{T}
\m{u}
\m{U}
\m{Y}
\m{y}
\m{z}
\m{Z}
\T{E}
\T{e}
\T{O}
\T{o}
These characters all need the T4 font encoding, which is provided by the fc package.
\OHORN
\ohorn
\UHORN
\uhorn
These characters all need the T5 font encoding, which is provided by the vntex
package.
\guillemotleft
\guillemotright
\guilsinglleft
\guilsinglright
\quotedblbase
\quotesinglbase
"
\textquotedbl
To get these symbols, use the fontenc package to select an alternate font encoding,
such as T1.
\ding{123}
\ding{124}
}
~
\ding{125}
\ding{126}
10
\ding{161}
\ding{162}
\ding{163}
b
c
d
2
C
d
S
}
=
/
{
dz
E
\textbabygamma
\textbarb
\textbarc
\textbard
\textbardotlessj
\textbarg
\textbarglotstop
\textbari
\textbarl
\textbaro
\textbarrevglotstop
\textbaru
\textbeltl
\textbeta
\textbullseye
\textceltpal
\textchi
\textcloseepsilon
\textcloseomega
\textcloserevepsilon
\textcommatailz
\textcorner
\textcrb
\textcrd
\textcrg
\textcrh
\textcrinvglotstop
\textcrlambda
\textcrtwo
\textctc
\textctd
\textctdctzlig
\textctesh
\textctj
\textctn
\textctt
\textcttctclig
\textctyogh
\textctz
\textdctzlig
\textdoublebaresh
\textdoublebarpipe
\textdoublebarslash
\textdoublepipe
\textdoublevertline
\textdownstep
\textdyoghlig
\textdzlig
\textepsilon
P
;
_
O
%
F
|
"
7
\
9
3
Q
\textglotstop
\texthalflength
\texthardsign
\texthooktop
\texthtb
\texthtbardotlessj
\texthtc
\texthtd
\texthtg
\texthth
\texththeng
\texthtk
\texthtp
\texthtq
\texthtrtaild
\texthtscg
\texthtt
\texthvlig
\textinvglotstop
\textinvscr
\textiota
\textlambda
\textlengthmark
\textlhookt
\textlhtlongi
\textlhtlongy
\textlonglegr
\textlptr
\textltailm
\textltailn
\textltilde
\textlyoghlig
\textObardotlessj
\textOlyoghlig
\textomega
\textopencorner
\textopeno
\textpalhook
\textphi
\textpipe
\textprimstress
\textraiseglotstop
\textraisevibyi
\textramshorns
\textrevapostrophe
\textreve
\textrevepsilon
\textrevglotstop
\textrevyogh
@
I
A
g
V
tC
L
U
\textrtailn
\textrtailr
\textrtails
\textrtailt
\textrtailz
\textrthook
\textsca
\textscb
\textsce
\textscg
\textsch
\textschwa
\textsci
\textscj
\textscl
\textscn
\textscoelig
\textscomega
\textscr
\textscripta
\textscriptg
\textscriptv
\textscu
\textscy
\textsecstress
\textsoftsign
\textstretchc
\texttctclig
\textteshlig
\texttheta
\textthorn
\texttoneletterstem
\texttslig
\textturna
\textturncelig
\textturnh
\textturnk
\textturnlonglegr
\textturnm
\textturnmrleg
\textturnr
\textturnrrtail
\textturnscripta
\textturnt
\textturnv
\textturnw
\textturny
\textupsilon
\textupstep
11
S
R
\textesh
\textfishhookr
\textg
\textgamma
\textglobfall
\textglobrise
\textrhookrevepsilon
\textrhookschwa
\textrhoticity
\textrptr
\textrtaild
\textrtaill
\textvertline
\textvibyi
\textvibyy
\textwynn
\textyogh
tipa defines shortcut characters for many of the above. It also defines a command
\tone for denoting tone letters (pitches). See the tipa documentation for more
information.
7
5
(
?
T
U
V
,
0
4
\textaolig
\textbenttailyogh
\textbktailgamma
\textctinvglotstop
\textctjvar
\textctstretchc
\textctstretchcvar
\textctturnt
\textdblig
\textdoublebarpipevar
\textdoublepipevar
\textdownfullarrow
\textfemale
\textfrbarn
\textfrhookd
\textfrhookdvar
\textfrhookt
\textfrtailgamma
\textglotstopvari
\textglotstopvarii
\textglotstopvariii
\textgrgamma
\textheng
\texthmlig
3
;
p
!
I
#
<
1
>
6
9
F
=
v
z
*
+
:
/
\texthtbardotlessjvar
\textinvomega
\textinvsca
\textinvscripta
\textlfishhookrlig
\textlhookfour
\textlhookp
\textlhti
\textlooptoprevesh
\textnrleg
\textObullseye
\textpalhooklong
\textpalhookvar
\textpipevar
\textqplig
\textrectangle
\textretractingvar
\textrevscl
\textrevscr
\textrhooka
\textrhooke
\textrhookepsilon
\textrhookopeno
\textrtailhth
12
q
r
s
t
w
x
y
P
Q
R
S
E
u
{
C
A
8
\textrthooklong
\textscaolig
\textscdelta
\textscf
\textsck
\textscm
\textscp
\textscq
\textspleftarrow
\textstretchcvar
\textsubdoublearrow
\textsubrightarrow
\textthornvari
\textthornvarii
\textthornvariii
\textthornvariv
\textturnglotstop
\textturnsck
\textturnscu
\textturnthree
\textturntwo
\textuncrfemale
\textupfullarrow
!
'
.
<
A
+
X
T
;
R
?
#
3
N
a
^
(
e
8
M
D
b
$
%
"
\babygamma
\barb
\bard
\bari
\barl
\baro
\barp
\barsci
\barscu
\baru
\clickb
\clickc
\clickt
\closedniomega
\closedrevepsilon
\crossb
\crossd
\crossh
\crossnilambda
\curlyc
\curlyesh
\curlyyogh
\curlyz
\dlbari
\dz
\ejective
,
d
&
I
5
G
K
Z
\
\eng
\er
\esh
\eth
\flapr
\glotstop
\hookb
\hookd
\hookg
\hookh
\hookheng
\hookrevepsilon
\hv
\inva
\invf
\invglotstop
\invh
\invlegr
\invm
\invr
\invscr
\invscripta
\invv
\invw
\invy
\ipagamma
4
/
6
E
1
[
)
2
>
C
O
S
V
7
@
=
f
c
\labdentalnas
\latfric
\legm
\legr
\lz
\nialpha
\nibeta
\nichi
\niepsilon
\nigamma
\niiota
\nilambda
\niomega
\niphi
\nisigma
\nitheta
\niupsilon
\nj
\oo
\openo
\reve
\reveject
\revepsilon
\revglotstop
\scd
\scg
*
:
J
Y
W
]
U
H
0
9
F
L
P
_
Q
B
`
\schwa
\sci
\scn
\scr
\scripta
\scriptg
\scriptv
\scu
\scy
\slashb
\slashc
\slashd
\slashu
\taild
\tailinvr
\taill
\tailn
\tailr
\tails
\tailt
\tailz
\tesh
\thorn
\tildel
\yogh
k
U
\DH
\Thorn
\dh
\inve
\openo
\thorn
\barj
\barlambda
\emgma
\engma
\enya
\epsi
\esh
\eth
\fj
f
?
B
b
D
T
k
K
D
\flap
\glottal
\hausaB
\hausab
\hausad
\hausaD
\hausak
\hausaK
\hookd
i
c
h
U
\ibar
\openo
\planck
\pwedge
\revD
\riota
\rotm
\rotOmega
\rotr
13
A
w
y
e
p
u
u
a
G
\rotvara
\rotw
\roty
\schwa
\thorn
\ubar
\udesc
\vara
\varg
i
C
\vari
\varomega
\varopeno
\vod
\voicedh
\yogh
\textcrd
\textcrh
\textepsilon
\textesh
\textfjlig
\texthtb
\texthtc
\texthtd
\texthtk
\texthtp
\texthtt
\textiota
\textltailn
\textopeno
\textpipe
\textrtaild
\textrtailt
\textschwa
\textscriptv
\textteshlig
\textyogh
The idea behind the t4phonet packages phonetic symbols is to provide an interface
to some of the characters in the T4 font encoding (Table 6 on page 10) but using
the same names as the tipa characters presented in Table 10 on page 11.
\Alif
\Ayn
A
a
\"{A}\"{a}
\{A}\{a}
\.{A}\.{a}
\={A}\={a}
\^{A}\^{a}
a
A
`a
A`
A a
a
A
Aa
A
a
A
. a.
\{A}\{a}
\|{A}\|{a}
\~{A}\~{a}
\b{A}\b{a}
\c{A}\c{a}
\newtie{A}\newtie{a}
A a
a
A
A
a
\d{A}\d{a}
\G{A}\G{a}
\h{A}\h{a}
\H{A}\H{a}
\k{A}\k{a}
A
a
a
A
a
A
A a
a
A
\r{A}\r{a}
\t{A}\t{a}
\u{A}\u{a}
\U{A}\U{a}
\v{A}\v{a}
\textcircled{A}\textcircled{a}
Not available in the OT1 font encoding. Use the fontenc package to select an
alternate font encoding, such as T1.
Also note the existence of \i and \j, which produce dotless versions of i and j
(viz., and ). These are useful when the accent is supposed to replace the
dot in encodings that need to composite (i.e., combine) letters and accents. For
example, na\"{\i}ve always produces a correct nave, while na\"{i}ve
yields the rather odd-looking naive when using the OT1 font encoding and older
versions of LATEX. Font encodings other than OT1 and newer versions of LATEX
properly typeset na\"{i}ve as nave.
14
A
a
A
a
\textacutemacron{A}\textacutemacron{a}
A
ffi affi
A
a
<<
A
a
A
a
A
a
\textadvancing{A}\textadvancing{a}
a
A
A
a
\textacutewedge{A}\textacutewedge{a}
\textbottomtiebar{A}\textbottomtiebar{a}
\textbrevemacron{A}\textbrevemacron{a}
\textcircumacute{A}\textcircumacute{a}
\textcircumdot{A}\textcircumdot{a}
\textdotacute{A}\textdotacute{a}
\textdotbreve{A}\textdotbreve{a}
a
A
a
A
\textdoublegrave{A}\textdoublegrave{a}
a
A
a
A
`
`
A
a
\textgravecircum{A}\textgravecircum{a}
a
A
\textgravemid{A}\textgravemid{a}
A
a
\textinvsubbridge{A}\textinvsubbridge{a}
A
fl afl
A
a
\textlowering{A}\textlowering{a}
a
A
Aa
A
a
\textovercross{A}\textovercross{a}
A
fi afi
A
ffl affl
A
a
A
a
\textraising{A}\textraising{a}
\textdoublevbaraccent{A}\textdoublevbaraccent{a}
\textgravedot{A}\textgravedot{a}
\textgravemacron{A}\textgravemacron{a}
\textmidacute{A}\textmidacute{a}
\textoverw{A}\textoverw{a}
\textpolhook{A}\textpolhook{a}
\textretracting{A}\textretracting{a}
\textringmacron{A}\textringmacron{a}
\textroundcap{A}\textroundcap{a}
A
a
\textseagull{A}\textseagull{a}
Aa
Aa
Aa
A
a
\textsubacute{A}\textsubacute{a}
Aa
Aa
Aa
A
a
A
ff aff
\textsubcircum{A}\textsubcircum{a}
A
a
Aa
A
a
Aa
Aa
\textsubrhalfring{A}\textsubrhalfring{a}
\textsubarch{A}\textsubarch{a}
\textsubbar{A}\textsubbar{a}
\textsubbridge{A}\textsubbridge{a}
\textsubdot{A}\textsubdot{a}
\textsubgrave{A}\textsubgrave{a}
\textsublhalfring{A}\textsublhalfring{a}
\textsubplus{A}\textsubplus{a}
\textsubring{A}\textsubring{a}
\textsubsquare{A}\textsubsquare{a}
\textsubtilde{A}\textsubtilde{a}
\textsubumlaut{A}\textsubumlaut{a}
15
A
a
\textsubw{A}\textsubw{a}
Aa
A
a
&&
Aa
"
"
A
a
>>
Aa
\textsubwedge{A}\textsubwedge{a}
a
A
\textvbaraccent{A}\textvbaraccent{a}
\textsuperimposetilde{A}\textsuperimposetilde{a}
\textsyllabic{A}\textsyllabic{a}
\texttildedot{A}\texttildedot{a}
\texttoptiebar{A}\texttoptiebar{a}
tipa defines shortcut sequences for many of the above. See the tipa documentation
for more information.
A
a
A
a
.. ..
a
A
\bibridge{A}\bibridge{a}
\crtilde{A}\crtilde{a}
\dottedtilde{A}\dottedtilde{a}
A
a
\doubletilde{A}\doubletilde{a}
Aa
Aa
a
A
a
A
Aa
\finpartvoice{A}\finpartvoice{a}
a
A
\finpartvoiceless{A}\finpartvoiceless{a}
\inipartvoice{A}\inipartvoice{a}
\inipartvoiceless{A}\inipartvoiceless{a}
\overbridge{A}\overbridge{a}
Aa
A
a
\partvoiceless{A}\partvoiceless{a}
A
a
Aa
^^
Aa
Aa
"" ""
Aa
Aa
A
a
\spreadlips{A}\spreadlips{a}
\sliding{A}\sliding{a}
\subcorner{A}\subcorner{a}
\subdoublebar{A}\subdoublebar{a}
\subdoublevert{A}\subdoublevert{a}
\sublptr{A}\sublptr{a}
\subrptr{A}\subrptr{a}
\whistle{A}\whistle{a}
\partvoice{A}\partvoice{a}
\dental{A}\dental{a}
A
a
\underarch{A}\underarch{a}
\hill{A}\hill{a}
A
a
\rc{A}\rc{a}
Aa
{
A
a{
\od{A}\od{a}
Aa
\syl{A}\syl{a}
\ohill{A}\ohill{a}
A
a
.. ..
\td{A}\td{a}
{ {
Aa
\ut{A}\ut{a}
The phonetic package provides a few additional macros for linguistic accents.
\acbar and \acarc compose characters with multiple accents; for example,
\acbar{\}{a} produces
a and \acarc{\"}{e} produces e. \labvel joins
_
two characters with an arc: \labvel{mn} mn.
\upbar is intended to go
between characters as in x\upbar{}y x y. Lastly, \uplett behaves like
\textsuperscript but uses a smaller font. Contrast p\uplett{h} ph
with p\textsuperscript{h} ph .
16
a
A
a
A
Aa
`a
A
`
a
A
A a
A a
A a
\acutus{A}\acutus{a}
\breve{A}\breve{a}
\circumflexus{A}\circumflexus{a}
\diaeresis{A}\diaeresis{a}
\gravis{A}\gravis{a}
\macron{A}\macron{a}
The idea behind the t4phonet packages text-mode accents is to provide an interface
to some of the accents in the T4 font encoding (accents marked with in Table 17
on page 14) but using the same names as the tipa accents presented in Table 18 on
page 15.
Aa
\overarc{A}\overarc{a}
Aa
^^
\underarc{A}\underarc{a}
The accents shown above scale only to a few characters wide. An optional macro
argument alters the effective width of the accented characters. See the arcs documentation for more information.
Aa
\D{A}\D{a}
\U{A}\U{a}
\T{A}\T{a}
aA
\T is not actually an accent but a command that rotates its argument 180 using
the graphicx packages \rotatebox command.
\k{A}\k{a}
\cb{A}\cb{a}
\cb places a comma above letters with descenders. Hence, while \cb{s} produces
s,, \cb{g} produces g.
17
s
k
u
m
p
\ain
\corner
\downp
\downt
\halflength
v
n
q
{
z
\leftp
\leftt
\length
\midtilde
\open
x
~
w
o
i
h
j
r
y
|
\overring
\polishhook
\rightp
\rightt
\secstress
}
t
l
\stress
\syllabic
\underdots
\underwedge
\upp
\upt
\underring
\undertilde
The wsuipa package defines all of the above as ordinary characters, not as accents.
However, it does provide \diatop and \diaunder commands, which are used to
compose diacritics with other characters. For example, \diatop[\overring|a]
produces x
a , and \diaunder[\underdots|a] produces r
a. See the wsuipa documentation for more information.
\textacutedbl
\textasciiacute
\textasciibreve
\textasciicaron
\textasciidieresis
\textasciigrave
\textasciimacron
\textgravedbl
The textcomp package defines all of the above as ordinary characters, not as accents.
\textbaht
\textcent
\textcentoldstyle
\textcolonmonetary
\textcurrency
\textdollar
\textdollaroldstyle
\textdong
\texteuro
\textflorin
\textguarani
\textlira
\textnaira
\textpeso
\textsterling
\textwon
\textyen
Its generally preferable to use the corresponding symbol from Table 3 on page 9
because the symbols in that table work properly in both text mode and math mode.
\Denarius
\Ecommerce
e
d
\EUR
\EURcr
D
c
\EURdig
\EURhv
\EURtm
\EyesDollar
\Pfund
\Shilling
The different euro signs are meant to be visually compatible with different fonts
Courier (\EURcr), Helvetica (\EURhv), Times Roman (\EURtm), and the marvosym
digits listed in Table 197 (\EURdig). The mathdesign package redefines \texteuro
to be visually compatible with one of three additional fonts: Utopia (), Charter (), or Garamond ().
\cent
18
\currency
\Euro
\Pound
\denarius
\dracma
\hemiobelion
\stater
\tetartemorion
\geneuro
B
C
C
C
\geneuronarrow
\geneurowide
\officialeuro
\eurologo
\texteuro
\textcircledP
\textcopyleft
c
r
\textcopyright
\textregistered
TM
\textservicemark
\texttrademark
Where two symbols are present, the left one is the faked symbol that LATEX 2
provides by default, and the right one is the true symbol that textcomp makes
available.
See http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=tradesyms for solur
tions to common problems that occur when using these symbols (e.g., getting a
when you expected to get a ).
BY:
\ccby
\cc
\ccnc
\ccnd
CC
\ccsa
These symbols utilize the rotating package and therefore display improperly in some
DVI viewers.
19
\textzerooldstyle
\textoneoldstyle
\texttwooldstyle
\textthreeoldstyle
\textfouroldstyle
\textfiveoldstyle
\textsixoldstyle
\textsevenoldstyle
\texteightoldstyle
\textnineoldstyle
\textasteriskcentered
\textbardbl
\textbigcircle
\textblank
\textbrokenbar
\textbullet
\textdagger
\textdaggerdbl
\textdblhyphen
\textdblhyphenchar
\textdiscount
\textestimated
\textinterrobang
\textinterrobangdown
\textmusicalnote
\textnumero
\textopenbullet
a
o
'
~
\textordfeminine
\textordmasculine
\textparagraph
\textperiodcentered
\textpertenthousand
\textperthousand
\textpilcrow
\textquotesingle
\textquotestraightbase
\textquotestraightdblbase
\textrecipe
\textreferencemark
\textsection
\textthreequartersemdash
\texttildelow
\texttwelveudash
Where two symbols are present, the left one is the faked symbol that LATEX 2
provides by default, and the right one is the true symbol that textcomp makes
available.
Its generally preferable to use the corresponding symbol from Table 3 on page 9
because the symbols in that table work properly in both text mode and math mode.
\permil
20
Mathematical symbols
Most, but not all, of the symbols in this section are math-mode only. That is, they yield a Missing $
inserted error message if not used within $. . .$, \[. . .\], or another math-mode environment. Operators
marked as variable-sized are taller in displayed formulas, shorter in in-text formulas, and possibly shorter
still when used in various levels of superscripts or subscripts.
Alphanumeric symbols (e.g., L and ) are usually produced using one of the math alphabets in
Table 213 rather than with an explicit symbol command. Look there first if you need a symbol for a transform,
number set, or some other alphanumeric.
Although there have been many requests on comp.text.tex for a contradiction symbol, the ensuing discussion invariably reveals innumerable ways to represent contradiction in a proof, including (\blitza),
(\Rightarrow\Leftarrow), (\bot), = (\nleftrightarrow), and (\textreferencemark).
Because of the lack of notational consensus, it is probably better to spell out Contradiction! than to use a
symbol for this purpose. Similarly, discussions on comp.text.tex have revealed that there are a variety of
ways to indicate the mathematical notion of is defined as. Common candidates include , (\triangleq),
def
(\equiv), B (various 1 ), and = (\stackrel{\text{\tiny def}}{=}). See also the
` example of
\equalsfill on page 108. Depending upon the context, disjoint union may be represented as (\coprod),
(\dotcup), (\oplus), or any of a number of other symbols.2 Finally, the average
t (\sqcup),
value of a variable x is written by some people as x (\overline{x}), by some people as hxi (\langle x
\rangle), and by some people as x or x (\diameter x or \varnothing x). The moral of the story is
that you should be careful always to explain your notation to avoid confusing your readers.
\mathdollar
\mathellipsis
\mathparagraph
\mathsection
\mathsterling
\mathunderscore
Its generally preferable to use the corresponding symbol from Table 3 on page 9
because the symbols in that table work properly in both text mode and math mode.
\oc
\shift
\shneg
\shpos
\wn
\oc and \wn differ from ! and ? in terms of their math-mode spacing: $A=!B$
produces A =!B, for example, while $A=\oc B$ produces A = !B.
1 In txfonts, pxfonts, and mathtools the symbol is called \coloneqq. In mathabx and MnSymbol its called \coloneq. In
colonequals its called \colonequals.
2 Bob Tennent listed these and other disjoint-union symbol possibilities in a November 2007 post to comp.text.tex.
21
5
4
\amalg
\ast
\bigcirc
\bigtriangledown
\bigtriangleup
\bullet
\cap
\cdot
\circ
\cup
\dagger
\ddagger
\diamond
\div
\lhd
\mp
\odot
\ominus
B
\
u
t
?
\oplus
\oslash
\otimes
\pm
\rhd
\setminus
\sqcap
\sqcup
\star
/
.
E
D
]
\times
\triangleleft
\triangleright
\unlhd
\unrhd
\uplus
\vee
\wedge
\wr
Not predefined in LATEX 2 . Use one of the packages latexsym, amsfonts, amssymb,
txfonts, pxfonts, or wasysym.
\barwedge
\boxdot
\boxminus
\boxplus
\boxtimes
\Cap
\centerdot
\circledast
}
d
g
f
>
u
[
\circledcirc
\circleddash
\Cup
\curlyvee
\curlywedge
\divideontimes
\dotplus
\doublebarwedge
|
h
n
i
o
r
Y
\intercal
\leftthreetimes
\ltimes
\rightthreetimes
\rtimes
\smallsetminus
\veebar
\baro
\bbslash
\binampersand
\bindnasrepma
\boxast
\boxbar
\boxbox
\boxbslash
\boxcircle
\boxdot
\boxempty
\boxslash
\curlyveedownarrow
\curlyveeuparrow
\curlywedgedownarrow
\curlywedgeuparrow
\fatbslash
\fatsemi
\fatslash
9
2
!
`
:
@
;
=
<
>
?
3
8
,
\interleave
\leftslice
\merge
\minuso
\moo
\nplus
\obar
\oblong
\obslash
\ogreaterthan
\olessthan
\ovee
\owedge
\rightslice
\sslash
\talloblong
\varbigcirc
\varcurlyvee
\varcurlywedge
22
5
4
6
7
"
\varoast
\varobar
\varobslash
\varocircle
\varodot
\varogreaterthan
\varolessthan
\varominus
\varoplus
\varoslash
\varotimes
\varovee
\varowedge
\vartimes
\Ydown
\Yleft
\Yright
\Yup
\lhd
\LHD
#
B
\ocircle
\rhd
E
\RHD
\unlhd
\unrhd
\circledbar
\circledbslash
\circledvee
T
M
\circledwedge
\invamp
\medbullet
\medcirc
\sqcapplus
\sqcupplus
}
|
X
X
Y
O
\ast
\Asterisk
\barwedge
\bigstar
\bigvarstar
\blackdiamond
\cap
\circplus
\coasterisk
\coAsterisk
\convolution
\cup
\curlyvee
Z
\
]
\curlywedge
\divdot
\divideontimes
\dotdiv
\dotplus
\dottimes
\doublebarwedge
\doublecap
\doublecup
\ltimes
\pluscirc
\rtimes
\sqbullet
[
\
^
_
]
Z
_
Y
[
^
\sqcap
\sqcup
\sqdoublecap
\sqdoublecup
\square
\squplus
\udot
\uplus
\varstar
\vee
\veebar
\veedoublebar
\wedge
&
\amalg
\ast
\backslashdiv
\bowtie
\bullet
\cap
\capdot
\capplus
\cdot
\circ
+
"
\doublesqcup
\doublevee
\doublewedge
\downtherefore
\downY
\dtimes
\fivedots
\hbipropto
\hdotdot
\lefthalfcap
E
G
\righttherefore
\rightthreetimes
\rightY
\rtimes
\slashdiv
\smallprod
\sqcap
\sqcapdot
\sqcapplus
\sqcup
23
4
7
6
\closedcurlyvee
\closedcurlywedge
\cup
\cupdot
\cupplus
\curlyvee
\curlyveedot
\curlywedge
\curlywedgedot
\ddotdot
\diamonddots
\div
\dotmedvert
\dotminus
\doublecap
\doublecup
\doublecurlyvee
\doublecurlywedge
\doublesqcap
\lefthalfcup
\lefttherefore
\leftthreetimes
\leftY
\ltimes
\medbackslash
\medcircle
\medslash
\medvert
\medvertdot
\minus
\minusdot
\mp
\neswbipropto
\nwsebipropto
\plus
\pm
\righthalfcap
\righthalfcup
D
F
)
$
\sqcupdot
\sqcupplus
\squaredots
\times
\udotdot
\uptherefore
\upY
\utimes
\vbipropto
\vdotdot
\vee
\veedot
\vertbowtie
\vertdiv
\wedge
\wedgedot
\wreath
for
for
for
for
\dtimes
\udtimes
\utimes
The mathdesign package additionally provides versions of each of the binary operators shown in Table 45 on page 22.
&
\parr
\with
\with differs from & in terms of its math-mode spacing: $A \& B$ produces
A&B, for example, while $A \with B$ produces A & B.
\cshuffle
\shuffle
\odplus
24
f
n
k
e
g
c
d
h
a
`
i
m
b
j
o
l
f
n
k
e
g
c
d
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\boxright
\boxslash
\boxtimes
\boxtop
\boxtriangleup
\boxvoid
\oasterisk
\obackslash
\obot
\ocirc
\ocoasterisk
\odiv
\odot
\oleft
a
`
i
m
b
j
o
l
\ominus
\oplus
\oright
\oslash
\otimes
\otop
\otriangleup
\ovoid
\smalltriangledown
\smalltriangleleft
\smalltriangleright
\smalltriangleup
q
{
x
|
z
}
y
\boxbackslash
\boxbox
\boxdot
\boxminus
\boxplus
\boxslash
\boxtimes
\boxvert
\diamondbackslash
\diamonddiamond
\diamonddot
\diamondminus
\diamondplus
\diamondslash
\diamondtimes
\diamondvert
\downslice
\filleddiamond
\filledmedsquare
\filledmedtriangledown
\filledmedtriangleleft
\filledmedtriangleright
\filledmedtriangleup
\filledsquare
\filledstar
\filledtriangledown
\filledtriangleleft
\filledtriangleright
\filledtriangleup
\meddiamond
\medsquare
\medstar
\medtriangledown
\medtriangleleft
\medtriangleright
\medtriangleup
\oast
\obackslash
\ocirc
\odot
\ominus
\oplus
\oslash
\ostar
\otimes
\otriangle
\overt
\pentagram
\smalldiamond
\smallsquare
\smallstar
\smalltriangledown
\smalltriangleleft
\smalltriangleright
\smalltriangleup
\thinstar
\upslice
T \
S [
JK
LM
QY
\prod
PX
\sum
em
bj
ck
ZZZZ
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\idotsint
Operators
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i
a
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\int
r w
\varint
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u z
\iint
\varoint
# $
\iiint
\oiint
None of the preceding symbols are defined when wasysym is passed the nointegrals
option.
Defined only when wasysym is passed the integrals option. Otherwise, the default
LATEX \int glyph (as shown in Table 57) is used.
\bigcurlyvee
\bigsqcap
\bigcurlywedge
\bigboxasterisk
\bigboxslash
\bigboxtimes
\bigboxtop
\bigboxtriangleup
\bigoright
\bigoslash
\bigotop
\bigotriangleup
26
\bigboxbackslash
\bigboxbot
\bigboxcirc
\bigboxcoasterisk
\bigboxdiv
\bigboxdot
\bigboxleft
\bigboxminus
\bigboxplus
\bigboxright
\bigboxvoid
\bigcomplementop
\bigoasterisk
\bigobackslash
\bigobot
\bigocirc
\bigocoasterisk
\bigodiv
\bigoleft
\bigovoid
\bigplus
\bigsquplus
\bigtimes
\iiint
\iint
\int
\oiint
\oint
\bigominus
>
\bigsqcapplus
\bigsqcupplus
% &
#
\ointclockwise
\ointctrclockwise
R S
\fint
' (
P Q
\idotsint
\iiiint
\sqiint
F G
\iiint
\sqiiint
\sqint
\varoiiintclockwise
27
"
N O
\iint
B C
\oiiintclockwise
J K
\oiiintctrclockwise
\oiiint
\oiintclockwise
\varoiintclockwise
\varoiintctrclockwise
\varointclockwise
\varointctrclockwise
\oiintctrclockwise
\varoiiintctrclockwise
\varprod
\oiint
\dotsint
ffl
%
#
\fint
\iiiint
\iiint
\iint
&
\landdownint
$
\landupint
!
ff
fl
\oiint
28
\ointclockwise
\ointctrclockwise
\sqiint
\sqint
"
\varoiint
fi
\varointclockwise
ffi
\varointctrclockwise
\bigcap
\bigominus
\complement
\bigcapdot
\bigoplus
\coprod
\bigcapplus
\bigoslash
\idotsint
\bigcircle
\bigostar
\iiiint
\bigcup
\bigotimes
\iiint
\bigcupdot
\bigotriangle
\iint
\bigcupplus
\bigovert
\int
\bigcurlyvee
\bigplus
\landdownint
\bigcurlyveedot
\bigsqcap
\landupint
\bigcurlywedge
\bigsqcapdot
\lcircleleftint
\bigcurlywedgedot
\bigsqcapplus
\lcirclerightint
\bigdoublecurlyvee
\bigsqcup
\oiint
\bigdoublecurlywedge
\bigsqcupdot
\oint
\bigdoublevee
\bigsqcupplus
\prod
\bigdoublewedge
\bigtimes
\rcircleleftint
\bigoast
\bigvee
\rcirclerightint
\bigobackslash
\bigveedot
\strokedint
\bigocirc
\bigwedge
\sum
\bigodot
\bigwedgedot
\sumint
29
\intclockwise
\oiiint
\ointclockwise
\ointctrclockwise
\oiint
\bigparr
\bigwith
./
a
\approx
\asymp
\bowtie
\cong
\dashv
\doteq
_
Z
|
|=
k
\equiv
\frown
\Join
\mid
\models
\parallel
'
\perp
\prec
\preceq
\propto
\sim
\simeq
^
`
\smile
\succ
\succeq
\vdash
Not predefined in LATEX 2 . Use one of the packages latexsym, amsfonts, amssymb,
mathabx, txfonts, pxfonts, or wasysym.
The difference between \mid and | is that the former is a binary relation while
the latter is a math ordinal. Consequently, LATEX typesets the two with different
surrounding spacing. Contrast P(A | B) 7 P (A|B) with P(A \mid B) 7
P (A | B).
G
m
l
$
2
3
+
\approxeq
\backepsilon
\backsim
\backsimeq
\because
\between
\Bumpeq
\bumpeq
\circeq
\curlyeqprec
\curlyeqsucc
\doteqdot
P
;
(
t
w
4
:
p
q
a
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\eqcirc
\fallingdotseq
\multimap
\pitchfork
\precapprox
\preccurlyeq
\precsim
\risingdotseq
\shortmid
\shortparallel
\smallfrown
\smallsmile
30
v
<
%
\succapprox
\succcurlyeq
\succsim
\therefore
\thickapprox
\thicksim
\varpropto
\Vdash
\vDash
\Vvdash
.
\ncong
\nmid
\nparallel
\nprec
\npreceq
\nshortmid
/
/
2
0
\nshortparallel
\nsim
\nsucc
\nsucceq
\nvDash
\nvdash
3
\nVDash
\precnapprox
\precnsim
\succnapprox
\succnsim
\inplus
\niplus
\invneg
\Join
{
\leadsto
\logof
\wasypropto
\circledgtr
\circledless
\colonapprox
\Colonapprox
\coloneq
\Coloneq
\Coloneqq
\coloneqq
\Colonsim
\colonsim
\Eqcolon
\eqcolon
\eqqcolon
\Eqqcolon
\eqsim
X
\
(
[
\lJoin
\lrtimes
\multimap
\multimapboth
\multimapbothvert
\multimapdot
\multimapdotboth
\multimapdotbothA
\multimapdotbothAvert
\multimapdotbothB
\multimapdotbothBvert
\multimapdotbothvert
\multimapdotinv
\multimapinv
\openJoin
]
y
Y
K
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\opentimes
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\strictfi
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31
5
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\Bumpedeq
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\DashV
\Dashv
\dashVv
\divides
\dotseq
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\ncurlyeqprec
\ncurlyeqsucc
\nDashv
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\notequiv
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\nprec
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\nVDash
\nVdash
\nvdash
\nVvash
\precnapprox
\precneq
\precnsim
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\approx
\approxeq
\backapprox
\backapproxeq
\backcong
\backeqsim
\backsim
\backsimeq
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\eqbump
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\eqsim
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\equalclosed
\equiv
\equivclosed
\fallingdotseq
\hateq
\nwfootline
\nwfree
\nwmodels
\nwModels
\nwsecrossing
\nwseline
\Nwseline
\nwvdash
\nwVdash
\prec
32
\seVdash
\shortparallel
\sim
\simeq
\succ
\succapprox
\succcurlyeq
\succeq
\succsim
\swfootline
\bumpeq
\Bumpeq
\circeq
\closedequal
\closedprec
\closedsucc
\coloneq
\cong
\curlyeqprec
\curlyeqsucc
\doteq
\Doteq
\downfootline
\downfree
\downmodels
\downModels
\downpropto
\downvdash
\downVdash
\hcrossing
\leftfootline
\leftfree
\leftmodels
\leftModels
\leftpropto
\leftrightline
\Leftrightline
\leftslice
\leftvdash
\leftVdash
\nefootline
\nefree
\nemodels
\neModels
\neswline
\Neswline
\nevdash
\neVdash
\precapprox
\preccurlyeq
\preceq
\precsim
\rightfootline
\rightfree
\rightmodels
\rightModels
\rightpropto
\rightslice
\rightvdash
\rightVdash
\risingdotseq
\sefootline
\sefree
\semodels
\seModels
\separated
\sevdash
\swfree
\swmodels
\swModels
\swvdash
\swVdash
\triplesim
\updownline
\Updownline
\upfootline
\upfree
\upmodels
\upModels
\uppropto
\upvdash
\upVdash
\vcrossing
\Vvdash
\dashv
\diagdown
\diagup
\divides
\doteqdot
\models
\parallel
\perp
\propto
\relbar
\Relbar
\varpropto
\vDash
\VDash
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\Vdash
(same
(same
(same
(same
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as
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\nwseline)
\neswline)
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\Doteq)
\rightmodels)
\Updownline)
\upvdash)
\leftpropto)
\leftrightline)
\Leftrightline)
\leftpropto)
\rightmodels)
\rightModels)
\rightvdash)
\rightVdash)
\napprox
\napproxeq
\nbackapprox
\nbackapproxeq
\nbackcong
\nbackeqsim
\nbacksim
\neqsim
\nequal
\nequalclosed
\nequiv
\nequivclosed
\neswcrossing
\nfallingdotseq
\nnwModels
\nnwseline
\nNwseline
\nnwvdash
\nnwVdash
\nprec
\nprecapprox
33
\nsucc
\nsuccapprox
\nsucccurlyeq
\nsucceq
\nsuccsim
\nswfootline
\nswfree
\nbacksimeq
\nbacktriplesim
\nbumpeq
\nBumpeq
\ncirceq
\nclosedequal
\ncong
\ncurlyeqprec
\ncurlyeqsucc
\ndoteq
\nDoteq
\ndownfootline
\ndownfree
\ndownmodels
\ndownModels
\ndownvdash
\ndownVdash
\neqbump
\neqcirc
\neqdot
\nhateq
\nleftfootline
\nleftfree
\nleftmodels
\nleftModels
\nleftrightline
\nLeftrightline
\nleftvdash
\nleftVdash
\nnefootline
\nnefree
\nnemodels
\nneModels
\nneswline
\nNeswline
\nnevdash
\nneVdash
\nnwfootline
\nnwfree
\nnwmodels
\npreccurlyeq
\npreceq
\nprecsim
\nrightfootline
\nrightfree
\nrightmodels
\nrightModels
\nrightvdash
\nrightVdash
\nrisingdotseq
\nsefootline
\nsefree
\nsemodels
\nseModels
\nsevdash
\nseVdash
\nshortmid
\nshortparallel
\nsim
\nsimeq
\nswmodels
\nswModels
\nswvdash
\nswVdash
\ntriplesim
\nupdownline
\nUpdownline
\nupfootline
\nupfree
\nupmodels
\nupModels
\nupvdash
\nupVdash
\precnapprox
\precnsim
\succnapprox
\succnsim
\ndashv
\ndiagdown
\ndiagup
\ndivides
\ne
\neq
\nmid
\nmodels
\nparallel
\nperp
\nrelbar
\nRelbar
\nvDash
\nvdash
\nVdash
\nVDash
(same
(same
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(same
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(same
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as
as
as
as
as
as
as
as
as
as
as
as
as
as
as
as
\nleftvdash)
\nnwseline)
\nneswline)
\nupdownline)
\nequal)
\nequal)
\nupdownline)
\nrightmodels)
\nUpdownline)
\nupvdash)
\nleftrightline)
\nLeftrightline)
\nrightmodels)
\nrightvdash)
\nrightVdash)
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\Colonapprox
\colonapprox
\coloneqq
\Coloneqq
\Coloneq
:
:
::
::
:
\coloneq
\colonsim
\Colonsim
\dblcolon
\eqcolon
::
=:
=::
\Eqcolon
\eqqcolon
\Eqqcolon
=:=
=:=
=: =
vs.
=\vcentcolon=
34
def
\dddtstile{abc}{def}
def
abc
\nntstile{abc}{def}
\ddststile{abc}{def}
def
abc
\nnttstile{abc}{def}
\ddtstile{abc}{def}
def
abc
\nsdtstile{abc}{def}
\ddttstile{abc}{def}
def
abc
\nsststile{abc}{def}
def
abc
\dndtstile{abc}{def}
def
abc
\nststile{abc}{def}
def
abc
\dnststile{abc}{def}
def
abc
\nsttstile{abc}{def}
def
abc
\dntstile{abc}{def}
def
abc
\dnttstile{abc}{def}
def
abc
\dsdtstile{abc}{def}
def
abc
\dsststile{abc}{def}
def
abc
\dststile{abc}{def}
def
abc
\dsttstile{abc}{def}
abc
def
abc
def
abc
def
abc
abc
def
abc
def
abc
abc
def
abc
abc
abc
abc
abc
\tdtstile{abc}{def}
abc
\tdttstile{abc}{def}
\ntttstile{abc}{def}
def
abc
\tnststile{abc}{def}
\sddtstile{abc}{def}
def
abc
\tntstile{abc}{def}
\sdststile{abc}{def}
def
abc
\tnttstile{abc}{def}
\sdtstile{abc}{def}
def
abc
\tsdtstile{abc}{def}
\sdttstile{abc}{def}
def
abc
\tsststile{abc}{def}
def
abc
\sndtstile{abc}{def}
def
abc
\tststile{abc}{def}
\dtttstile{abc}{def}
def
abc
\snststile{abc}{def}
def
abc
\tsttstile{abc}{def}
def
\sntstile{abc}{def}
\ndststile{abc}{def}
def
abc
\snttstile{abc}{def}
\ndtstile{abc}{def}
def
abc
\ssdtstile{abc}{def}
\ndttstile{abc}{def}
def
abc
\ssststile{abc}{def}
def
abc
\nndtstile{abc}{def}
def
abc
\sststile{abc}{def}
def
abc
\nnststile{abc}{def}
def
abc
\ssttstile{abc}{def}
def
def
def
abc
\tdststile{abc}{def}
\tndtstile{abc}{def}
def
abc
abc
abc
def
abc
\nddtstile{abc}{def}
abc
\tddtstile{abc}{def}
\dttstile{abc}{def}
def
abc
abc
\nttstile{abc}{def}
def
\dtststile{abc}{def}
\stttstile{abc}{def}
def
\ntststile{abc}{def}
def
\dtdtstile{abc}{def}
abc
\sttstile{abc}{def}
def
\ntdtstile{abc}{def}
def
abc
abc
def
\stststile{abc}{def}
def
def
def
abc
def
abc
def
abc
def
\stdtstile{abc}{def}
def
def
abc
def
abc
def
abc
def
abc
def
abc
def
abc
\ttdtstile{abc}{def}
\ttststile{abc}{def}
\tttstile{abc}{def}
\ttttstile{abc}{def}
Each of the above takes an optional argument that controls the size of the upper
and lower expressions. See the turnstile documentation for more information.
35
\InversTransformHoriz
\InversTransformVert
\TransformHoriz
\TransformVert
....
\dfourier
\fourier
\laplace
\ztransf
....
\Dfourier
\Fourier
\Laplace
\Ztransf
....
\coh
\incoh
\scoh
\sincoh
\approxcolon
\approxcoloncolon
\colonapprox
\coloncolon
\coloncolonapprox
\coloncolonequals
::
::
:=
:
:
=:
=::
:
::
:
:
::
\coloncolonminus
\coloncolonsim
\colonequals
\colonminus
\colonsim
\equalscolon
\equalscoloncolon
\minuscolon
\minuscoloncolon
\ratio
\simcolon
\simcoloncolon
\nparallelslant
\parallelslant
\sqsubset
\sqsubseteq
\sqsupset
\sqsupseteq
\subset
\subseteq
\supset
\supseteq
Not predefined in LATEX 2 . Use one of the packages latexsym, amsfonts, amssymb,
mathabx, txfonts, pxfonts, or wasysym.
\nsubseteq
\nsupseteq
\nsupseteqq
\sqsubset
\sqsupset
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j
(
$
c
k
)
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36
%
&
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'
\supsetneqq
\varsubsetneq
\varsubsetneqq
\varsupsetneq
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D
F
\supsetplus
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\nsupset
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\sqsubset
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\sqsubsetneqq
\sqSupset
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\varsqsupsetneq
\varsqsupsetneqq
\varsubsetneq
\varsubsetneqq
\varsupsetneq
\varsupsetneqq
\nSqsubset
\nsqsubset
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\nSqsupset
\nsqsupset
\nsqsupseteq
\nsqsupseteqq
\nSubset
\nsubset
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\nSupset
\nsupset
\nsupseteq
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\Sqsubset
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\subseteq
\subseteqq
\subsetneq
\subsetneqq
\Supset
\supset
\supseteq
\supseteqq
\supsetneq
\supsetneqq
\geq
\gg
\leq
37
\ll
\neq
\eqslantgtr
\gtrdot
\lesseqgtr
\ngeq
\eqslantless
\gtreqless
\lesseqqgtr
\ngeqq
\geqq
\gtreqqless
\lessgtr
\ngeqslant
>
\geqslant
\gtrless
\lesssim
\ngtr
\ggg
&
\gtrsim
\lll
\nleq
\gnapprox
\gvertneqq
\lnapprox
\nleqq
\gneq
\leqq
\lneq
\nleqslant
\gneqq
\leqslant
\lneqq
\nless
\gnsim
\lessapprox
\lnsim
'
\gtrapprox
\lessdot
\lvertneqq
>
\apprge
\apprle
\ngg
\ngtrapprox
\ngtrless
!
"
'
\ngtrsim
\nlessapprox
\nlessgtr
\nlesssim
\nll
\eqslantgtr
\gtreqless
\lesssim
\ngtr
\eqslantless
\gtreqqless
\ll
\ngtrapprox
\geq
\gtrless
\lll
\ngtrsim
\geqq
\gtrsim
\lnapprox
\nleq
"
\gg
\gvertneqq
\lneq
\nleqq
\ggg
\leq
\lneqq
\nless
\gnapprox
\leqq
\lnsim
\nlessapprox
\gneq
\lessapprox
\lvertneqq
\nlesssim
\gneqq
\lessdot
\neqslantgtr
\nvargeq
\gnsim
\lesseqgtr
\neqslantless
\nvarleq
\gtrapprox
\lesseqqgtr
\ngeq
\vargeq
\gtrdot
\lessgtr
\ngeqq
\varleq
mathabx defines \leqslant and \le as synonyms for \leq, \geqslant and \ge as
synonyms for \geq, \nleqslant as a synonym for \nleq, and \ngeqslant as a
synonym for \ngeq.
38
\eqslantgtr
\gtreqqless
\lesssim
\ngtreqless
\eqslantless
\gtrless
\ll
\ngtreqlessslant
\geq
\gtrneqqless
\lll
\ngtreqqless
\geqclosed
\gtrsim
\lnapprox
\ngtrless
>
\geqdot
\geqq
\geqslant
\geqslantdot
\gg
\ggg
<
\gnapprox
\gneqq
\gnsim
\gtr
\gtrapprox
\leq
\leqclosed
\leqdot
\leqq
\leqslant
\leqslantdot
\less
\lessapprox
\lessclosed
\lessdot
\lesseqgtr
\gtrclosed
\gtrdot
\gtreqless
\gtreqlessslant
\lneqq
\lnsim
\neqslantgtr
\neqslantless
\ngeq
\ngeqclosed
\ngeqdot
\ngeqq
\ngeqslant
\nleq
\nleqclosed
\nleqdot
\nleqq
\nleqslant
\nleqslantdot
\nless
\nlessclosed
\nlessdot
\ngeqslantdot
\ngg
\nlesseqgtrslant
\lesseqgtrslant
\nggg
\nlesseqqgtr
\lesseqqgtr
\ngtr
\nlessgtr
\lessgtr
\lessneqqgtr
\ngtrclosed
\ngtrdot
\nlesseqgtr
\nll
\nlll
\gggtr
\gvertneqq
\lhd
\llless
\lvertneqq
\ntrianglelefteq
\ntriangleleft
\ntrianglerighteq
\ntriangleright
\rhd
\trianglelefteq
\trianglerighteq
\unlhd
\unrhd
\vartriangleleft
\vartriangleright
(same
(same
(same
(same
(same
(same
(same
(same
(same
(same
(same
(same
(same
(same
(same
(same
as
as
as
as
as
as
as
as
as
as
as
as
as
as
as
as
\ggg)
\gneqq)
\lessclosed)
\lll)
\lneqq)
\nleqclosed)
\nlessclosed)
\ngeqclosed)
\ngtrclosed)
\gtrclosed)
\leqclosed)
\geqclosed)
\leqclosed)
\geqclosed)
\lessclosed)
\gtrclosed)
\blacktriangleleft
\blacktriangleright
\ntriangleleft
\ntrianglelefteq
7
4
E
,
\ntriangleright
\ntrianglerighteq
\trianglelefteq
\triangleq
39
D
C
B
\trianglerighteq
\vartriangleleft
\vartriangleright
\trianglelefteqslant
\ntrianglelefteqslant
Q
S
\trianglerighteqslant
\ntrianglerighteqslant
\ntriangleleft
\ntrianglelefteq
\ntriangleright
\ntrianglerighteq
\triangleleft
\trianglelefteq
\triangleright
\trianglerighteq
\vartriangleleft
\vartriangleright
\filledmedtriangledown
\filledmedtriangleleft
\filledmedtriangleright
\filledmedtriangleup
\filledtriangledown
\filledtriangleleft
\filledtriangleright
\filledtriangleup
\largetriangledown
\largetriangleleft
\largetriangleright
\largetriangleup
\medtriangledown
\medtriangleleft
\medtriangleright
\medtriangleup
\ntriangleeq
\ntriangleleft
\ntrianglelefteq
\ntriangleright
\ntrianglerighteq
\otriangle
\smalltriangledown
\smalltriangleleft
\smalltriangleright
\smalltriangleup
\triangleeq
\trianglelefteq
\trianglerighteq
\vartriangleleft
\vartriangleright
MnSymbol additionally defines synonyms for many of the preceding symbols: \triangleq is a synonym for \triangleeq; \lhd and \lessclosed
are synonyms for \vartriangleleft; \rhd and \gtrclosed are synonyms for \vartriangleright;
\unlhd and \leqclosed are synonyms for \trianglelefteq; \unrhd and \geqclosed are synonyms
for
\trianglerighteq;
\blacktriangledown,
\blacktriangleleft,
\blacktriangleright, and \blacktriangle [sic] are synonyms for,
respectively,
\filledmedtriangledown,
\filledmedtriangleleft,
\filledmedtriangleright, and \filledmedtriangleup; \triangleright
is a synonym for \medtriangleright; \triangle, \vartriangle, and
\bigtriangleup are synonyms for \medtriangleup; \triangleleft is a
synonym for \medtriangleleft; \triangledown and \bigtriangledown are synonyms for \medtriangledown; \nlessclosed is a synonym for \ntriangleleft;
\ngtrclosed is a synonym for \ntriangleright; \nleqclosed is a synonym for
\ntrianglelefteq; and \ngeqclosed is a synonym for \ntrianglerighteq.
The title Triangle Relations is a bit of a misnomer here as only \triangleeq
and \ntriangleeq are defined as TEX relations (class 3 symbols).
The
\largetriangle. . . symbols are defined as TEX ordinary characters (class 0)
and all of the remaining characters are defined as TEX binary operators (class 2).
40
,
{
7
=
7
%
\Downarrow
\downarrow
\hookleftarrow
\hookrightarrow
\leadsto
\leftarrow
\Leftarrow
\Leftrightarrow
\leftrightarrow
&
.
l
m
\longleftarrow
\Longleftarrow
\longleftrightarrow
\Longleftrightarrow
\longmapsto
\Longrightarrow
\longrightarrow
\mapsto
\nearrow
\nwarrow
\Rightarrow
\rightarrow
\searrow
\swarrow
\uparrow
\Uparrow
\updownarrow
\Updownarrow
Not predefined in LATEX 2 . Use one of the packages latexsym, amsfonts, amssymb,
txfonts, pxfonts, or wasysym.
See the note beneath Table 169 for information about how to put a diagonal arrow
0
~ ) .
across a mathematical expression (as in B
+
*
\leftharpoondown
\leftharpoonup
\rightharpoondown
\rightharpoonup
*
)
\rightleftharpoons
\textdownarrow
\textleftarrow
\textrightarrow
\textuparrow
!
W
"
#
\circlearrowleft
\circlearrowright
\curvearrowleft
\curvearrowright
\dashleftarrow
\dashrightarrow
\downdownarrows
\leftarrowtail
\leftleftarrows
\leftrightarrows
\leftrightsquigarrow
\Lleftarrow
\looparrowleft
\looparrowright
\Lsh
\rightarrowtail
\rightleftarrows
\rightrightarrows
\rightsquigarrow
\Rsh
\twoheadleftarrow
\twoheadrightarrow
\upuparrows
\nLeftarrow
\nleftarrow
<
=
\nLeftrightarrow
\nleftrightarrow
\nRightarrow
\nrightarrow
;
9
\downharpoonleft
\downharpoonright
\leftrightharpoons
\rightleftharpoons
41
\upharpoonleft
\upharpoonright
\leftarrowtriangle
\leftrightarroweq
\leftrightarrowtriangle
\lightning
\Longmapsfrom
\longmapsfrom
\Longmapsto
\
[
1
0
_
\Mapsfrom
\mapsfrom
\Mapsto
\nnearrow
\nnwarrow
\rightarrowtriangle
\shortdownarrow
%
$
\shortleftarrow
\shortrightarrow
\shortuparrow
\ssearrow
\sswarrow
\boxdotLeft
\boxdotleft
\boxdotright
\boxdotRight
\boxLeft
\boxleft
\boxright
\boxRight
\circleddotleft
\circleddotright
\circleleft
\circleright
\dashleftrightarrow
\DiamonddotLeft
\Diamonddotleft
\Diamonddotright
\DiamonddotRight
\DiamondLeft
f
t
v
V
u
w
\Diamondleft
\Diamondright
\DiamondRight
\leftsquigarrow
\Nearrow
\Nwarrow
\Rrightarrow
\Searrow
\Swarrow
\leftarrow
\leftleftarrows
\leftrightarrow
\leftrightarrows
\leftrightsquigarrow
\leftsquigarrow
\lefttorightarrow
\looparrowdownleft
\looparrowdownright
\looparrowleft
\looparrowright
\Lsh
\nearrow
\nwarrow
\restriction
\rightarrow
\rightleftarrows
\rightrightarrows
\rightsquigarrow
\righttoleftarrow
\Rsh
\searrow
\swarrow
\updownarrows
\uptodownarrow
\upuparrows
\nLeftarrow
\nleftarrow
\nleftrightarrow
\nLeftrightarrow
42
\nrightarrow
\nRightarrow
\leftharpoonup
\leftleftharpoons
\leftrightharpoon
\leftrightharpoons
\rightbarharpoon
\rightharpoondown
\rightharpoonup
\rightleftharpoon
\rightleftharpoons
\rightrightharpoons
\updownharpoons
\upharpoonleft
\upharpoonright
\upupharpoons
d
e
g
f
\curvearrowdownup
\curvearrowleftright
\curvearrownesw
\curvearrownwse
\curvearrowrightleft
\curvearrowsenw
\curvearrowswne
\curvearrowupdown
\dasheddownarrow
\dashedleftarrow
\dashednearrow
\dashednwarrow
\dashedrightarrow
\dashedsearrow
\dashedswarrow
\dasheduparrow
\Downarrow
\downarrow
\downarrowtail
\downdownarrows
\downlsquigarrow
\downmapsto
\downrsquigarrow
\downuparrows
\lcirclearrowdown
\lcirclearrowleft
\lcirclearrowright
\lcirclearrowup
\lcurvearrowdown
\lcurvearrowleft
\lcurvearrowne
\lcurvearrownw
\lcurvearrowright
\lcurvearrowse
\lcurvearrowsw
\lcurvearrowup
\Leftarrow
\longleftarrow
\Longleftarrow
\longleftrightarrow
\Longleftrightarrow
\longmapsto
\longrightarrow
\Longrightarrow
\looparrowleft
\looparrowright
\Lsh
\nearrow
\Nearrow
\nearrowtail
\nelsquigarrow
\nemapsto
\nenearrows
\nersquigarrow
\neswarrow
\Neswarrow
\neswarrows
\nwarrow
\Nwarrow
\nwarrowtail
\nwlsquigarrow
\nwmapsto
\nwnwarrows
\nwrsquigarrow
\nwsearrow
\Nwsearrow
\nwsearrows
\partialvardlcircleleftint
\partialvardlcirclerightint
\partialvardrcircleleftint
\partialvardrcirclerightint
\partialvartlcircleleftint
\partialvartlcirclerightint
\partialvartrcircleleftint
'
&
\rhookswarrow
\rhookuparrow
\rightarrow
\Rightarrow
\rightarrowtail
\rightleftarrows
\rightlsquigarrow
\rightmapsto
\rightrightarrows
\rightrsquigarrow
\Rrightarrow
\Rsh
\searrow
\Searrow
\searrowtail
\selsquigarrow
\semapsto
\senwarrows
\sersquigarrow
\sesearrows
\squigarrowdownup
\squigarrowleftright
\squigarrownesw
\squigarrownwse
\squigarrowrightleft
\squigarrowsenw
\squigarrowswne
\squigarrowupdown
\swarrow
\Swarrow
\swarrowtail
\swlsquigarrow
\swmapsto
\swnearrows
\swrsquigarrow
\swswarrows
\twoheaddownarrow
43
3
2
4
6
1
\leftarrow
\leftarrowtail
\leftleftarrows
\leftlsquigarrow
\leftmapsto
\leftrightarrow
\Leftrightarrow
\leftrightarrows
\leftrsquigarrow
\lhookdownarrow
\lhookleftarrow
\lhooknearrow
\lhooknwarrow
\lhookrightarrow
\lhooksearrow
\lhookswarrow
\lhookuparrow
\lightning
\Lleftarrow
=
8
?
\partialvartrcirclerightint
\rcirclearrowdown
\rcirclearrowleft
\rcirclearrowright
\rcirclearrowup
\rcurvearrowdown
\rcurvearrowleft
\rcurvearrowne
\rcurvearrownw
\rcurvearrowright
\rcurvearrowse
\rcurvearrowsw
\rcurvearrowup
\rhookdownarrow
\rhookleftarrow
\rhooknearrow
\rhooknwarrow
\rhookrightarrow
\rhooksearrow
\twoheadleftarrow
\twoheadnearrow
\twoheadnwarrow
\twoheadrightarrow
\twoheadsearrow
\twoheadswarrow
\twoheaduparrow
\uparrow
\Uparrow
\uparrowtail
\updownarrow
\Updownarrow
\updownarrows
\uplsquigarrow
\upmapsto
\uprsquigarrow
\upuparrows
\circlearrowleft
\circlearrowright
\curvearrowleft
\curvearrowright
\dashleftarrow
\dashrightarrow
\hookleftarrow
\hookrightarrow
\leadsto
\leftrightsquigarrow
\mapsto
\rightsquigarrow
(same
(same
(same
(same
(same
(same
(same
(same
(same
(same
(same
(same
as
as
as
as
as
as
as
as
as
as
as
as
\rcirclearrowup)
\lcirclearrowup)
\rcurvearrowleft)
\lcurvearrowright)
\dashedleftarrow)
\dashedrightarrow)
\rhookleftarrow)
\lhookrightarrow)
\rightlsquigarrow)
\squigarrowleftright)
\rightmapsto)
\rightlsquigarrow)
\ncurvearrowdownup
\ncurvearrowleftright
\ncurvearrownesw
\ncurvearrownwse
\ncurvearrowrightleft
\ncurvearrowsenw
\ncurvearrowswne
\ncurvearrowupdown
\nlhooknwarrow
\nlhookrightarrow
\nlhooksearrow
\nlhookswarrow
\nlhookuparrow
\nLleftarrow
\nnearrow
\nNearrow
\nrightleftarrows
\nrightlsquigarrow
\nrightmapsto
\nrightrightarrows
\nrightrsquigarrow
\nRrightarrow
\nSearrow
\nsearrow
44
\ndasheddownarrow
\ndashedleftarrow
\ndashednearrow
\ndashednwarrow
\ndashedrightarrow
\ndashedsearrow
\ndashedswarrow
\ndasheduparrow
\ndownarrow
\nDownarrow
\ndownarrowtail
\ndowndownarrows
\ndownlsquigarrow
\ndownmapsto
\ndownrsquigarrow
\ndownuparrows
\nlcirclearrowdown
\nlcirclearrowleft
\nlcirclearrowright
\nlcirclearrowup
\nlcurvearrowdown
\nlcurvearrowleft
\nlcurvearrowne
\nlcurvearrownw
\nlcurvearrowright
\nlcurvearrowse
\nlcurvearrowsw
\nlcurvearrowup
\nLeftarrow
\nleftarrow
\nleftarrowtail
\nleftleftarrows
\nleftlsquigarrow
\nleftmapsto
\nleftrightarrow
\nLeftrightarrow
\nleftrightarrows
\nleftrsquigarrow
\nlhookdownarrow
\nlhookleftarrow
\nlhooknearrow
\nnearrowtail
\nnelsquigarrow
\nnemapsto
\nnenearrows
\nnersquigarrow
\nNeswarrow
\nneswarrow
\nneswarrows
\nNwarrow
\nnwarrow
\nnwarrowtail
\nnwlsquigarrow
\nnwmapsto
\nnwnwarrows
\nnwrsquigarrow
\nnwsearrow
\nNwsearrow
\nnwsearrows
\nrcirclearrowdown
\nrcirclearrowleft
\nrcirclearrowright
\nrcirclearrowup
\nrcurvearrowdown
\nrcurvearrowleft
\nrcurvearrowne
\nrcurvearrownw
\nrcurvearrowright
\nrcurvearrowse
\nrcurvearrowsw
\nrcurvearrowup
\nrhookdownarrow
\nrhookleftarrow
\nrhooknearrow
\nrhooknwarrow
\nrhookrightarrow
\nrhooksearrow
\nrhookswarrow
\nrhookuparrow
\nrightarrow
\nRightarrow
\nrightarrowtail
\nsearrowtail
\nselsquigarrow
\nsemapsto
\nsenwarrows
\nsersquigarrow
\nsesearrows
\nsquigarrowdownup
\nsquigarrowleftright
\nsquigarrownesw
\nsquigarrownwse
\nsquigarrowrightleft
\nsquigarrowsenw
\nsquigarrowswne
\nsquigarrowupdown
\nswarrow
\nSwarrow
\nswarrowtail
\nswlsquigarrow
\nswmapsto
\nswnearrows
\nswrsquigarrow
\nswswarrows
\ntwoheaddownarrow
\ntwoheadleftarrow
\ntwoheadnearrow
\ntwoheadnwarrow
\ntwoheadrightarrow
\ntwoheadsearrow
\ntwoheadswarrow
\ntwoheaduparrow
\nuparrow
\nUparrow
\nuparrowtail
\nupdownarrow
\nUpdownarrow
\nupdownarrows
\nuplsquigarrow
\nupmapsto
\nuprsquigarrow
\nupuparrows
45
\ncirclearrowleft
\ncirclearrowright
\ncurvearrowleft
\ncurvearrowright
\ndasharrow
\ndashleftarrow
\ndashrightarrow
\ngets
\nhookleftarrow
\nhookrightarrow
\nleadsto
\nleftrightsquigarrow
\nmapsto
\nrightsquigarrow
\nto
(same
(same
(same
(same
(same
(same
(same
(same
(same
(same
(same
(same
(same
(same
(same
as
as
as
as
as
as
as
as
as
as
as
as
as
as
as
\nrcirclearrowup)
\nlcirclearrowup)
\nrcurvearrowleft)
\nlcurvearrowright)
\ndashedrightarrow)
\ndashedleftarrow)
\ndashedrightarrow)
\nleftarrow)
\nrhookleftarrow)
\nlhookrightarrow)
\nrightlsquigarrow)
\nsquigarrowleftright)
\nrightmapsto)
\nrightlsquigarrow)
\nrightarrow)
D
L
R
\downharpoonccw
\downharpooncw
\downupharpoons
\leftharpoonccw
\leftharpooncw
\leftrightharpoondownup
\leftrightharpoons
\leftrightharpoonupdown
\neharpoonccw
\neharpooncw
\neswharpoonnwse
Z
V
E
M
S
_
W
\neswharpoons
\neswharpoonsenw
\nwharpoonccw
\nwharpooncw
\nwseharpoonnesw
\nwseharpoons
\nwseharpoonswne
\rightharpoonccw
\rightharpooncw
\rightleftharpoons
\seharpoonccw
O
[
F
N
^
Q
U
\seharpooncw
\senwharpoons
\swharpoonccw
\swharpooncw
\swneharpoons
\updownharpoonleftright
\updownharpoonrightleft
\updownharpoons
\upharpoonccw
\upharpooncw
Where marked, the ccw suffix can be replaced with up and the cw suffix can be replaced with down. (In addition, \upharpooncw can be written as
\restriction.)
\ndownharpoonccw
\ndownharpooncw
\ndownupharpoons
\nleftharpoonccw
\nleftharpooncw
\nleftrightharpoondownup
\nleftrightharpoons
\nleftrightharpoonupdown
\nneharpoonccw
\nneharpooncw
\nneswharpoonnwse
\nneswharpoons
\nneswharpoonsenw
\nnwharpoonccw
\nnwharpooncw
\nnwseharpoonnesw
\nnwseharpoons
\nnwseharpoonswne
\nrightharpoonccw
\nrightharpooncw
\nrightleftharpoons
\nseharpoonccw
\nseharpooncw
\nsenwharpoons
\nswharpoonccw
\nswharpooncw
\nswneharpoons
\nupdownharpoonleftright
\nupdownharpoonrightleft
\nupdownharpoons
\nupharpoonccw
\nupharpooncw
Where marked, the ccw suffix can be replaced with up and the cw suffix
can be replaced with down. (In addition, \nupharpooncw can be written as
\nrestriction.)
46
(
abc
)
abc
*
abc
\overleftharp{abc}
+
abc
\overrightharpdown{abc}
\overleftharpdown{abc}
abc
\underleftharp{abc}
\overrightharp{abc}
(
abc
)
abc
*
abc
+
\underrightharp{abc}
\underrightharpdown{abc}
\underleftharpdown{abc}
All of the harpoon symbols are implemented using the graphics package (specifically,
graphicss \resizebox command). Consequently, only TEX backends that support
graphical transformations (e.g., not Xdvi) can properly display these symbols.
\chemarrow
\fgerightarrow
"
\fgeuparrow
t
l
\downfilledspoon
\downspoon
\leftfilledspoon
\leftspoon
\ndownfilledspoon
\ndownspoon
\nefilledspoon
\nespoon
\nleftfilledspoon
\nleftspoon
\nnefilledspoon
\nnespoon
\nnwfilledspoon
\nnwspoon
\nrightfilledspoon
\nrightspoon
\nsefilledspoon
\nsespoon
\nswfilledspoon
\nswspoon
\nupfilledspoon
\nupspoon
u
m
p
w
o
v
n
q
\nwfilledspoon
\nwspoon
\rightfilledspoon
\rightspoon
\sefilledspoon
\sespoon
\swfilledspoon
\swspoon
\upfilledspoon
\upspoon
\downpitchfork
\leftpitchfork
\ndownpitchfork
\nepitchfork
\nleftpitchfork
\nnepitchfork
\nnwpitchfork
\nrightpitchfork
\nsepitchfork
\nswpitchfork
\nuppitchfork
\nwpitchfork
\rightpitchfork
\sepitchfork
\swpitchfork
\uppitchfork
47
!
'
)
\doublefrown
\doublefrowneq
\doublesmile
\doublesmileeq
\eqfrown
\eqsmile
\frown
\frowneq
\frowneqsmile
\frownsmile
\frownsmileeq
\ndoublefrown
\ndoublefrowneq
\ndoublesmile
\ndoublesmileeq
\neqfrown
\neqsmile
\nfrown
\nfrowneq
\nfrowneqsmile
\nfrownsmile
\nfrownsmileeq
\nsmile
\nsmileeq
\nsmileeqfrown
\nsmilefrown
\nsmilefrowneq
\nsqdoublefrown
\nsqdoublefrowneq
\nsqdoublesmile
\nsqdoublesmileeq
\nsqeqfrown
\nsqeqsmile
\nsqfrown
\nsqfrowneq
\nsqfrowneqsmile
\nsqfrownsmile
\nsqsmile
\nsqsmileeq
\nsqsmileeqfrown
\nsqsmilefrown
\nsqtriplefrown
\nsqtriplesmile
\ntriplefrown
\ntriplesmile
\smile
&
(
7
,
6
5
4
+
3
9
1
*
2
8
0
/
.
\smileeq
\smileeqfrown
\smilefrown
\smilefrowneq
\sqdoublefrown
\sqdoublefrowneq
\sqdoublesmile
\sqdoublesmileeq
\sqeqfrown
\sqeqsmile
\sqfrown
\sqfrowneq
\sqfrowneqsmile
\sqfrownsmile
\sqsmile
\sqsmileeq
\sqsmileeqfrown
\sqsmilefrown
\sqtriplefrown
\sqtriplesmile
\triplefrown
\triplesmile
MnSymbol defines \smallsmile as a synonym for \smile, \smallfrown as a synonym for \frown, \asymp as a synonym for \smilefrown, and \nasymp as a synonym for \nsmilefrown.
\blitza
\blitzb
\blitzc
\blitzd
\blitze
\relbar
\Relbar
\Arrownot
\arrownot
[
\Mapsfromchar
\mapsfromchar
\
\Mapstochar
\Mmappedfromchar
\mmappedfromchar
48
\Mmapstochar
\mmapstochar
\mapsfromchar
\Mapsfromchar
\mapstochar
\Mapstochar
\cos
\cosh
\cot
\coth
\csc
\deg
\det
\dim
\exp
\gcd
\hom
\inf
\ker
\lg
\lim
\liminf
\limsup
\ln
\log
\max
\min
\Pr
\sec
\sin
\sinh
\sup
\tan
\tanh
Calling the above symbols may be a bit misleading.3 Each log-like symbol merely
produces the eponymous textual equivalent, but with proper surrounding spacing. See Section 8.4 for more information about log-like symbols. As \bmod and
\pmod are arguably not symbols we refer the reader to the Short Math Guide for
LATEX [Dow00] for samples.
\injlim
proj lim
\projlim
lim
lim
\varinjlim
lim
\varlimsup
\varliminf
lim
\varprojlim
Load the amsmath package to get these symbols. See Section 8.4 for some additional
comments regarding log-like symbols. As \mod and \pod are arguably not symbols
we refer the reader to the Short Math Guide for LATEX [Dow00] for samples.
3 Michael
\Complex
\COMPLEX
\Natural
\NATURAL
49
\Rational
\RATIONAL
\Real
\REAL
\alpha
\beta
\gamma
\delta
\epsilon
\varepsilon
\zeta
\eta
\theta
\vartheta
\iota
\kappa
\lambda
\mu
\nu
\xi
o
\pi
\varpi
\rho
\varrho
\sigma
\varsigma
\tau
\upsilon
\phi
\varphi
\chi
\psi
\omega
\Gamma
\Delta
\Theta
\Lambda
\Xi
\Pi
\Sigma
\Upsilon
\Phi
\Psi
\Omega
The remaining Greek majuscules can be produced with ordinary Latin letters. The
symbol M, for instance, is used for both an uppercase m and an uppercase .
See Section 8.5 for examples of how to produce bold Greek letters.
The symbols in this table are intended to be used in mathematical typesetting.
Greek body text can be typeset using the babel packages greek (or polutonikogreek)
optionand, of course, a font that provides the glyphs for the Greek alphabet.
\digamma
\varkappa
\alphaup
\betaup
\gammaup
\deltaup
\epsilonup
\varepsilonup
\zetaup
\etaup
\thetaup
\varthetaup
\iotaup
\kappaup
\lambdaup
\muup
\nuup
\xiup
50
\piup
\varpiup
\rhoup
\varrhoup
\sigmaup
\varsigmaup
\tauup
\upsilonup
\phiup
\varphiup
\chiup
\psiup
\omegaup
\upalpha
\upbeta
\upgamma
\updelta
\upepsilon
\upvarepsilon
\upzeta
\upeta
\uptheta
\upvartheta
\upiota
\upkappa
\uplambda
\upmu
\upnu
\upxi
\uppi
\upvarpi
\uprho
\upvarrho
\upsigma
\upvarsigma
\uptau
\upupsilon
\upphi
\upvarphi
\upchi
\uppsi
\upomega
\Upgamma
\Updelta
\Uptheta
\Uplambda
\Upxi
\Uppi
\Upsigma
\Upupsilon
\Upphi
\Uppsi
\Upomega
upgreek utilizes upright Greek characters from either the PostScript Symbol font
(depicted above) or Euler Roman. As a result, the glyphs may appear slightly
different from the above. Contrast, for example, (Symbol) with
(Euler).
\pi
\varpi
\varvarpi
\rho
\varrho
\varvarrho
\varg
\varv
\varw
\vary
\beth
\gimel
\daleth
\aleph
\beth
\gimel
\daleth
\bot
\ell
\exists
~
=
\forall
\hbar
\Im
\imath
\in
\jmath
51
<
\ni
\partial
\Re
>
\top
\wp
\Bbbk
\circledR
\circledS
k
r
s
\complement
\Finv
\Game
~
}
@
\hbar
\hslash
\nexists
\mathcent
\mathsterling
<
\notin
\notni
Its generally preferable to use the corresponding symbol from Table 3 on page 9
because the symbols in that table work properly in both text mode and math mode.
\barin
\complement
\exists
\Finv
\Game
P
E
M
R
S
\in
\nexists
\notbot
\notin
\notowner
L
Q
W
B
C
T
U
\nottop
\owns
\ownsbar
\partial
\partialslash
\varnotin
\varnotowner
\bot
\exists
\forall
\in
\nexists
\nin
\nowns
\owns
\powerset
\top
\wp
MnSymbol provides synonyms \notin for \nin, \ni for \owns, and \intercal for
\top.
\e
\im
\in
\notin
\notsmallin
\notsmallowns
3
\owns
\smallin
\smallowns
52
\fgeA
\fgec
\fged
\fgee
F
f
D
C
B
s
\fgeeszett
\fgeF
\fgef
\fgelb
\fgeleftB
\fgeleftC
\fgerightB
\fges
\fgeU
The fge package defines \fgeeta, \fgeN, and \fgeoverU as synonyms for \fgelb.
\partial
\varpartialdiff
q
y
\ulcorner
\llcorner
\urcorner
\lrcorner
\Lbag
\llceil
\llparenthesis
Q
W
M
\Rbag
\rrceil
\rrparenthesis
N
T
\lbag
\llfloor
\lcorners
\rcorners
x
z
\ulcorner
\llcorner
y
{
\urcorner
\lrcorner
\vin
53
O
U
\rbag
\rrfloor
y
D
\downarrow
\langle
\lceil
\lfloor
(
/
w
w
E
\rceil
\uparrow
x
\rfloor
l y \updownarrow
n
)
{
\{
~
w
w
~
w
o
m
}
]
\|
\Uparrow
\Updownarrow
\}
\backslash
When used with \left and \right, these symbols expand to the height of the
enclosed math expression. Note that \vert is a synonym for |, and \Vert is a
synonym for \|.
-TEX provides a \middle analogue to \left and \right. \middle can be used, for
example, to make an internal | expand to the height of the surrounding \left and
\right symbols. (This capability is commonly needed when typesetting adjacent
bras and kets in Dirac notation: h|i). A similar effect can be achieved in
conventional LATEX using the braket package.
\lmoustache
\arrowvert
\lgroup
\rmoustache
w w
w w \Arrowvert
\bracevert
\rgroup
These symbols must be used with \left and \right. The mathabx package, however, redefines \lgroup and \rgroup so that those symbols can work without \left
and \right.
\lvert
\rvert
\lVert
\rVert
77
77
\ldbrack
\rdbrack
??
?? \rfilet
~ \vvvert
?
\lfilet
\thickvert
^^
^
_
_
_
(
^^
^^
^^
^
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
(
/
[
RR
R
L
P
P
P
P
P
N
\lceil
\lfloor
\lwavy
^^
^
\lWavy
_
_
_
\lsem
\lmoustache
RR
RR
RR
R
RR
RR
RR
R
\arrowvert
^^
^^
^^
^
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
M
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
O
X
X
X
\rceil
\ulcorner
\urcorner
\rfloor
\llcorner
\lrcorner
\rwavy
\langle
\rangle
\rWavy
\langlebar
\ranglebar
\rsem
\rmoustache
\backslash
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
\|
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
\Arrowvert
55
\lbrace
<
>
\ullcorner
\ulrcorner
\bracevert
\rgroup
\llangle
\lgroup
\rrangle
\rbrace
\vert is a synonym for |. \Vert is a synonym for \|. \mid and \mvert produce
the same symbol as \vert but designated as math relations instead of ordinals.
\divides produces the same symbol as \vert but designated as a binary operator
instead of an ordinal. \parallel and \mVert produce the same symbol as \Vert
but designated as math relations instead of ordinals.
\leftwave
\leftevaw
\rightwave
\rightevaw
hh
DD
[[
hh
dd
ll
bb
jj
||
\lAngle
ii
EE
\lBrack
]]
ii
\lCeil
ee
mm
\lFloor
cc
kk
\lVert
||
\rAngle
\rBrack
\rCeil
\rFloor
\rVert
nath redefines all of the above to include implicit \left and \right commands.
Hence, separate \lVert and \rVert commands are needed to disambiguate whether
| is a left or right delimiter.
All of the symbols in Table 159 can also be expressed using the \double macro.
See the nath documentation for examples and additional information.
56
hhh
DDD
[[[
hhh
|||
\triple<
iii
EEE
\triple[
]]]
iii
\ltriple|
|||
\triple>
\triple]
\rtriple|
Similar to \lVert and \rVert in Table 159, \ltriple and \rtriple must be used
instead of \triple to disambiguate whether | is a left or right delimiter.
Note that \tripleand the corresponding \doubleis actually a macro that
takes a delimiter as an argument.
\llbracket
\rrbracket
\VERT
\textlangle
\textlbrackdbl
\textlquill
\textrangle
\textrbrackdbl
\textrquill
\alad
\alas
\angud
\angus
} \Alad
{ \Alas
i
h
[[
]]
\Angud
\Angus
\crux
\quadrad
\quadras
]]
[[
\Crux
\Quadrad
\Quadras
\acute{a}
\bar{a}
\breve{a}
\check{a}
\ddot{a}
\dot{a}
a
`
a
\grave{a}
\hat{a}
\mathring{a}
~a
\tilde{a}
\vec{a}
Also note the existence of \imath and \jmath, which produce dotless versions of
i and j . (See Table 201 on page 65.) These are useful when the accent is
supposed to replace the dot. For example, \hat{\imath} produces a correct
, while \hat{i} would yield the rather odd-looking i .
57
a
a
function properly within subscripts and superscripts (x instead of x ) .
\vec{a}
A
a
\spirituslenis{A}\spirituslenis{a}
When fge is passed the crescent option, \spirituslenis instead uses a crescent
accent as in a .
\ring{a}
58
abc
abc
\widehat{abc}
\overleftarrow{abc}
abc
abc
\overline{abc}
abc
\underline{abc}
\overbrace{abc}
abc
|{z}
\underbrace{abc}
\widetilde{abc}
abc
z}|{
abc
abc
\overrightarrow{abc}
\sqrt{abc}
As demonstrated in a 1997 TUGboat article about typesetting long-division problems [Gib97], an extensible long-division sign ( )abc ) can be faked by putting a
\big) in a tabular environment with an \hline or \cline in the preceding row.
The article also presents a piece of code (uploaded to CTAN as longdiv.tex) that
automatically solves and typesetsby putting an \overline atop \big) and
the desired textlong-division problems. See also the polynom package, which automatically solves and typesets polynomial-division problems in a similar manner.
These symbols are made more extensible by the MnSymbol package and even more
extensible by the yhmath package.
If youre looking for an extensible diagonal line or arrow to be used for canceling or
5
reducing mathematical subexpressions (e.g., x + x or 3 + 2 ) then consider
using the cancel package.
3
n
\sqrt[3]{abc} produces abc and \sqrt[n]{abc} produces abc .
abc
\wideparen{abc}
abc
\widering{abc}
abc
\widetriangle{abc}
abc
\overleftrightarrow{abc}
abc
\underleftarrow{abc}
abc
abc
59
\underleftrightarrow{abc}
\underrightarrow{abc}
abc
abc
\overbrace{abc}
abc
\underbrace{abc}
\overgroup{abc}
\undergroup{abc}
zx
abc
abc
abc
\overlinesegment{abc}
\underlinesegment{abc}
\overleftharpoon{abc}
abc
zx
abc
abc
\widehat{abc}
abc
abc
\wideparen{abc}
\overrightharpoon{abc}
\widetilde{abc}
z}|{
abc
\overbrace{abc}
abc
\overbracket{abc}
abc
|{z}
abc
\underbrace{abc}
\underbracket{abc}
hkkikkj
hkkk j
\overbrace{abc}
abc
\widebar{abc}
abc
\overgroup{abc}
|
abc
\widecheck{abc}
looabc
moon \underbrace{abc}
abc
\wideparen{abc}
abc
lo
oo n
abc
abc
\widering{abc}
abc
\undergroup{abc}
\widearrow{abc}
The braces shown for \overbrace and \underbrace appear in their minimum size.
They can expand arbitrarily wide, however.
abc
\widearc{abc}
abc
\wideparen{abc}
abc
\wideOarc{abc}
abc
\widering{abc}
60
\utilde{abc}
\ushortdw{abc}
abc
\ushortw{abc}
\ushortw and \ushortdw are intended to be used with multi-character arguments (words) while \ushortand \ushortd are intended to be used with singlecharacter arguments.
The underlines produced by the ushort commands are shorter than those produced by the \underline command. Consider the output from the expression \ushort{x}\ushort{y}\underline{x}\underline{y}, which looks like
xyxy.
abc
\xleftarrow{abc}
61
\xrightarrow{abc}
abc
,
abc
==
abc
)
abc
(
abc
abc
abc
\xhookleftarrow{abc}
abc
\xhookrightarrow{abc}
\xLeftarrow{abc}
==
abc
abc
\xleftharpoondown{abc}
\xleftharpoonup{abc}
abc
abc
*
)
\xleftrightarrow{abc}
\xleftrightharpoons{abc}
\xmapsto{abc}
\xRightarrow{abc}
\xrightharpoondown{abc}
\xrightharpoonup{abc}
\xrightleftharpoons{abc}
\xLeftrightarrow{abc}
*
)
\xrightleftharpoons{abc}
\autoleftarrow{abc}{def}
abc
GGGGGGGA
def
\autorightarrow{abc}{def}
abc
E
GG
GGGGGGGC
def
\autoleftrightharpoons{abc}{def}
abc
GGGGGGGB
F
GG
def
\autorightleftharpoons{abc}{def}
=
abc
abc
====
abc
==
abc
\xLeftrightarrow{abc}
\xleftrightarrow{abc}
\xlongequal{abc}
\xLongleftarrow{abc}
abc
=
=
abc
abc
==
abc
\xlongleftarrow{abc}
62
\xLongleftrightarrow{abc}
\xlongleftrightarrow{abc}
\xLongrightarrow{abc}
\xlongrightarrow{abc}
====
abc
abc
\xlongequal{abc}
\xmapsto{abc}
abc
\xtwoheadleftarrow{abc}
\xtwoheadrightarrow{abc}
The extpfeil package also provides a \newextarrow command to help you define
your own extensible arrow symbols. See the extpfeil documentation for more information.
\dotarrow{a}
The DotArrow package provides mechanisms for lengthening the arrow, adjusting
the distance between the arrow and its symbol, and altering the arrowhead. See
the DotArrow documentation for more information.
\DFT{a}
\holter{abc}{def}
abc
def
\polter{abc}{def}
\cdotp
\cdots
:
..
\colon
\ldotp
\ddots
...
\ldots
..
.
\vdots
While : is valid in math mode, \colon uses different surrounding spacing. See
Section 8.4 and the Short Math Guide for LATEX [Dow00] for more information on
math-mode spacing.
The mathdots package redefines \ddots and \vdots to make them scale properly
with font size. (They normally scale horizontally but not vertically.) \fixedddots
and \fixedvdots provide the original, fixed-height functionality of LATEX 2 s
\ddots and \vdots macros.
63
...
\because
\dotsb
\dotsc
...
\dotsi
\dotsm
\dotso
\therefore
\because and \therefore are defined as binary relations and therefore also appear
in Table 68 on page 30.
The AMS \dots symbols are named according to their intended usage: \dotsb
between pairs of binary operators/relations, \dotsc between pairs of commas,
\dotsi between pairs of integrals, \dotsm between pairs of multiplication signs,
and \dotso between other symbol pairs.
\wasytherefore
\cdot
\ddotdot
\ddots
\diamonddots
\downtherefore
\fivedots
\hdotdot
\hdots
\lefttherefore
\righttherefore
\squaredots
\udotdot
\udots
\uptherefore
\vdotdot
\vdots
..
\:
\adots
\tccentigrade
\tcmu
\tcohm
\tcpertenthousand
\tcperthousand
\MVZero
\MVOne
2
3
4
5
\MVTwo
\MVThree
6
7
\MVFour
\MVFive
\MVSix
\MVSeven
8
9
\MVEight
\MVNine
\fgestruckzero
\fgestruckone
0
1
\x
\e
2
3
\maya{2}
\maya{3}
4
5
\maya{4}
\maya{5}
\
\aleph
\angle
\backslash
\Box,
\clubsuit
\Diamond
\diamondsuit
\emptyset
\flat
\heartsuit
\infty
\mho
\nabla
\natural
\neg
0
]
`
4
\prime
\sharp
\spadesuit
\surd
\triangle
Not predefined in LATEX 2 . Use one of the packages latexsym, amsfonts, amssymb,
txfonts, pxfonts, or wasysym. Note, however, that amsfonts and amssymb define
\Diamond to produce the same glyph as \lozenge (); the other packages produce a squarer \Diamond as depicted above.
Many people prefer the look of AMSs \varnothing (, Table 202) to that of
LATEXs \emptyset.
65
8
F
N
\angle
\backprime
\bigstar
\blacklozenge
\blacksquare
\blacktriangle
H
\blacktriangledown
\diagdown
\diagup
\eth
\lozenge
\measuredangle
f
^
O
\mho
\sphericalangle
\square
\triangledown
\varnothing
\vartriangle
\Box
\Diamond
\mho
\varangle
wasysym also defines an \agemO symbol, which is the same glyph as \mho but is
intended for use in text mode.
\Diamondblack
\Diamonddot
\lambdabar
n
p
q
\lambdaslash
\varclubsuit
\vardiamondsuit
r
s
\varheartsuit
\varspadesuit
\degree
\diagdown
\diagup
\diameter
4
#
8
\fourth
\hash
\infty
\leftthreetimes
>
&
9
\measuredangle
\pitchfork
\propto
\rightthreetimes
?
3
\second
\sphericalangle
\third
\varhash
\angle
\backneg
\backprime
\checkmark
\clubsuit
\diameter
\diamondsuit
\flat
\heartsuit
\infty
\invbackneg
\invneg
\maltese
\measuredangle
\nabla
\natural
\neg
\prime
\sharp
\smallint
\spadesuit
\sphericalangle
66
\partialvardint
\partialvardlanddownint
\partialvardlandupint
\partialvardlcircleleftint
\partialvardlcirclerightint
\partialvardoiint
\partialvardoint
\partialvardrcircleleftint
\partialvardrcirclerightint
\partialvardstrokedint
\partialvardsumint
\partialvartint
\partialvartlanddownint
\partialvartlandupint
\partialvartlcircleleftint
\partialvartlcirclerightint
\partialvartoiint
\partialvartoint
\partialvartrcircleleftint
\partialvartrcirclerightint
\partialvartstrokedint
\partialvartsumint
\textdegree
\textdiv
\textfractionsolidus
\textlnot
\textminus
\textonehalf
\textonequarter
\textonesuperior
\textpm
\textsurd
\textthreequarters
\textthreesuperior
\texttimes
\texttwosuperior
If you prefer a larger degree symbol you might consider defining one as
\ensuremath{^\circ} ( ).
nicefrac (part of the units package) or the newer xfrac package can be used to
construct vulgar fractions like 1/2, 1/4, 3/4, and even c/o.
\Anglesign
\Corresponds
\Squaredot
\Vectorarrow
\Vectorarrowhigh
\fgebackslash
\fgebaracute
\fgebarcap
S
Q
N
\fgecap
\fgecapbar
\fgecup
R
P
i
\fgecupacute
\fgecupbar
\fgeinfty
h
L
\rightangle
\steaming
\varclub
\vardiamond
\varheart
67
\varspade
\fgelangle
\fgeupbracket
Generating command
Required package
ABCdef123
ABCdef123
ABCdef
ABC
ABC
or
ABC
or
ABCdef123
ABC
\mathrm{ABCdef123}
\mathit{ABCdef123}
\mathnormal{ABCdef123}
\mathcal{ABC}
\mathscr{ABC}
\mathcal{ABC}
\mathcal{ABC}
\mathscr{ABC}
\mathpzc{ABCdef123}
\mathbb{ABC}
\varmathbb{ABC}
\mathbb{ABCdef123}
\mathbb{ABCdef123}
\mathbbm{ABCdef12}
\mathbbmss{ABCdef12}
\mathbbmtt{ABCdef12}
\mathds{ABC1}
\mathds{ABC1}
\symA\symB\symC
\mathfrak{ABCdef123}
\textfrak{ABCdef123}
\textswab{ABCdef123}
\textgoth{ABCdef123}
none
none
none
none
mathrsfs
calrsfs
euscript with the mathcal option
euscript with the mathscr option
none; manually defined
amsfonts, amssymb, txfonts, or pxfonts
txfonts or pxfonts
bbold or mathbbol
mbboard
bbm
bbm
bbm
dsfont
dsfont with the sans option
china2e
eufrak
yfonts
yfonts
yfonts
ABCdef123
ABCdef123
ABCdef12
ABCdef12
ABCdef12
ABC1
ABC1
ABCdef123
ABCdef123
ABCdef123
ABCf123
Put \DeclareMathAlphabet{\mathpzc}{OT1}{pzc}{m}{it} in your documents preamble to make \mathpzc typeset its argument in Zapf Chancery.
As a similar trick, you can typeset the Calligra fonts script r (or other
calligraphic symbols) in math mode by loading the calligra package and
putting
\DeclareMathAlphabet{\mathcalligra}{T1}{calligra}{m}{n}
in your documents preamble to make \mathcalligra typeset its
argument in the Calligra font.
(You may also want to specify
\DeclareFontShape{T1}{calligra}{m}{n}{<->s*[2.2]callig15}{}
to
set Calligra at 2.2 times its design size for a better blend with typical body fonts.)
The \sym. . . commands provided by the ChinA2e package are actually text-mode
commands. They are included in Table 213 because they resemble the blackboardbold symbols that appear in the rest of the table. In addition to the 26 letters
of the English alphabet, ChinA2e provides three umlauted blackboard-bold letters:
\symAE ( ), \symOE ( ), and \symUE ( ). Note that ChinA2e does provide
math-mode commands for the most common number-set symbols. These are presented in Table 130 on page 49.
68
As their \text. . . names imply, the fonts provided by the yfonts package are
actually text fonts. They are included in Table 213 because they are frequently
used in a mathematical context.
69
Table 214: gensymb Symbols Defined to Work in Both Math and Text Mode
\celsius
\degree
\micro
\ohm
\perthousand
!
&
\AC
::::
\VHF
\photon
QPPPPPPR
\HF
'
$
\FallingEdge
\LongPulseHigh
\LongPulseLow
\PulseHigh
"
#
\PulseLow
\RaisingEdge
\gluon
\ShortPulseHigh
\ShortPulseLow
l
L
l
L
m
M
m
M
h
H
d
D
h
H
d
D
<
=
<
<<
>
?
>
>>
mm<DDD>mm
L|H|L|H|L
-123.456
\AR
\textcelsius
\textmho
\textmu
\textohm
\phase{abc}
The \phase command uses the pict2e package to draw a horizontally and vertically scalable Steinmetz phasor symbol. Consequently, \phase works only with
those TEX backends supported by pict2e. See the pict2e documentation for more
information.
70
\mercury
\venus
\earth
\mars
X
Y
\jupiter
\saturn
\astrosun
\fullmoon
\leftmoon
]
^
\aries
\taurus
\gemini
_
`
\cancer
\leo
\virgo
a
b
c
\libra
\scorpio
\sagittarius
e
d
f
\aquarius
\capricornus
\pisces
\ascnode
\descnode
\conjunction
\opposition
Z
[
\uranus
\neptune
\pluto
\newmoon
\rightmoon
\vernal
\Mercury
\Venus
\Earth
\Mars
\Moon
\Sun
\Aries
\Taurus
\Gemini
\Cancer
\Leo
\Virgo
\Jupiter
\Saturn
\Uranus
\Neptune
\Libra
\Scorpio
\Sagittarius
\Capricorn
\Aquarius
\Pisces
\Pluto
A
B
\Mercury
\Venus
C
D
\fullmoon
\Aries
E
F
\Jupiter
\Saturn
G
H
\Uranus
\Neptune
I
J
\Pluto
\varEarth
\leftmoon
\newmoon
\rightmoon
\Sun
\Taurus
\Gemini
mathabx also defines \girl as an alias for \Venus, \boy as an alias for \Mars, and
\Moon as an alias for \leftmoon.
\APLbox
\APLcomment
\APLdown
\APLdownarrowbox
\APLinput
~
p
\APLinv
\APLleftarrowbox
\APLlog
\APLminus
\APLrightarrowbox
\APLstar
\APLup
\APLuparrowbox
\notbackslash
\notslash
\APLnot{}
71
\APLvert{}
\ComputerMouse
\Keyboard
\ParallelPort
\Printer
\SerialInterface
\SerialPort
\Alt
Enter
\Enter
PrtSc
\PrtSc
AltGr
\AltGr
Esc
\Esc
\RArrow
Break
\Break
Home
\Home
\Return
\BSpace
Ins
\Ins
Scroll
\Scroll
Ctrl
\Ctrl
\LArrow
Shift
\Shift
\DArrow
Num
\NumLock
Del
\Del
Page
\PgDown
End
\End
\Spacebar
\PgUp
Page
\Tab
\UArrow
Changes based on the language option passed to the keystroke package. For example, the german option makes \Del produce Entf instead of Del .
These symbols utilize the rotating package and therefore display improperly in most
DVI viewers.
The \keystroke command draws a key with an arbitrary label. For example,
\keystroke{F7} produces F7 .
\SOH
\STX
\ETX
\EOT
\ENQ
\ACK
\BEL
\BS
\HT
\LF
\VT
\FF
\CR
\SO
\SI
\DLE
\DCa
\DCb
\DCc
\DCd
\NAK
\SYN
\ETB
\CAN
\EM
\SUB
\ESC
\FS
\DEL
\NBSP
\NUL
\splitvert
\GS
\RS
\US
Code Page 437 (CP437), which was first utilized by the original IBM PC, uses the
symbols \SOH through \US to depict ASCII characters 131 and \DEL to depict
ASCII character 127. The \NUL symbol, not part of CP437, represents ASCII
character 0. \NBSP, also not part of CP437, represents a nonbreaking space.
\splitvert is merely the | character drawn as it was on the IBM PC.
72
\ANDd
\ANDl
\ANDr
\BUFu
\NANDl
\ORd
\BusWidth
\NANDr
\ORl
\INVd
\NANDu
\ORr
\ANDu
\INVl
\NORd
\ORu
\BUFd
\INVr
\NORl
\BUFl
\INVu
\NORr
\BUFr
\NANDd
\NORu
The milstd package, which provides the digital logic-gate symbols specified by the
U.S. Department of Defenses MIL-STD-806 standard, was written as a LATEX 2.09
.tex file, not as a LATEX 2 package. Consequently, it must be loaded into a
document with \input milstd, not with the more modern \usepackage{milstd}.
\Email
\Emailct
t
u
\fax
\FAX
v
B
\Faxmachine
\Letter
E
H
\Lightning
\Mobilefone
A
T
\Pickup
\Telefon
\Beam
\Bearing
\Circpipe
\Circsteel
\Fixedbearing
\Flatsteel
&
L
$
'
\Force
\Hexasteel
\Lefttorque
\Lineload
\Loosebearing
\Lsteel
\Octosteel
\Rectpipe
\Rectsteel
\Righttorque
\RoundedLsteel
\RoundedTsteel
\RoundedTTsteel
\Squarepipe
\Squaresteel
\Tsteel
\TTsteel
\female
73
\male
\Female
\FEMALE
\FemaleFemale
\FemaleMale
\Hermaphrodite
\HERMAPHRODITE
\MALE
\Male
\MaleMale
\Neutral
\Biohazard
\BSEfree
C
J
\CEsign
\Estatically
`
a
\Explosionsafe
\Laserbeam
j
!
\Radioactivity
\Stopsign
{
[
a
c
f
d
\bigbosonloopV
\gvcropped
\feyn{a}
\feyn{c}
\feyn{f}
\feyn{fd}
\feyn{fl}
\bigbosonloopA
\bigbosonloop
\feyn{flS}
\feyn{fs}
g
v
y
{
\hfermion
\shfermion
\smallbosonloop
\smallbosonloopV
d
m
\wfermion
\whfermion
\smallbosonloopA
\feyn{fu}
\feyn{glS}
\feyn{fv}
\feyn{g}
\feyn{g1}
h
j
\feyn{gl}
\feyn{glB}
\feyn{gu}
\feyn{gv}
}s
\feyn{gd}
\feyn{glu}
\feyn{gvs}
\feyn{h}
\feyn{hd}
K
i
m
p
P
x
\feyn{hs}
\feyn{hu}
\feyn{m}
\feyn{ms}
\feyn{p}
\feyn{P}
\feyn{x}
74
Dingbats
Dingbats are symbols such as stars, arrows, and geometric shapes. They are commonly used as bullets in
itemized lists or, more generally, as a means to draw attention to the text that follows.
The pifont dingbat package warrants special mention. Among other capabilities, pifont provides a LATEX
interface to the Zapf Dingbats font (one of the standard 35 PostScript fonts). However, rather than name each
of the dingbats individually, pifont merely provides a single \ding command, which outputs the character that
lies at a given position in the font. The consequence is that the pifont symbols cant be listed by name in this
documents index, so be mindful of that fact when searching for a particular symbol.
y
{
z
w
\ArrowBoldDownRight
\ArrowBoldRightCircled
\ArrowBoldRightShort
\ArrowBoldRightStrobe
\ArrowBoldUpRight
\ding{212}
\ding{213}
\ding{214}
\ding{215}
\ding{216}
\ding{217}
\ding{218}
\ding{219}
\ding{220}
\ding{221}
\ding{222}
\ding{223}
\ding{224}
\ding{225}
\ding{226}
\ding{227}
\ding{228}
\ding{229}
\ding{230}
\ding{231}
\ding{232}
\ding{233}
\ding{234}
\ding{235}
\ding{236}
\ding{237}
\ding{238}
\ding{239}
\ding{241}
\ding{242}
\ding{243}
\ding{244}
\ding{245}
\ding{246}
\ding{247}
\ding{248}
\bauwhitearrow
\Cutleft
\Cutline
q
R
\Cutright
\Kutline
S
Q
\Leftscissors
\Rightscissors
\ScissorLeftBrokenTop
\ScissorRight
\ScissorRightBrokenBottom
\ScissorRightBrokenTop
\ding{33}
"
\ding{34}
75
\ding{35}
\ding{36}
\ding{249}
\ding{250}
\ding{251}
\ding{252}
\ding{253}
\ding{254}
\largepencil
\smallpencil
\NibLeft
\NibRight
\NibSolidLeft
\NibSolidRight
\PencilLeft
\PencilLeftDown
\PencilLeftUp
\PencilRight
\PencilRightDown
\PencilRightUp
\ding{46}
\ding{47}
\ding{48}
R
D
U
\leftpointright
\leftthumbsdown
\leftthumbsup
L
d
u
\rightpointleft
\ding{50}
\rightpointright
\rightthumbsdown
\rightthumbsup
\ding{49}
\HandCuffRightUp
\HandLeft
\HandLeftUp
\HandPencilLeft
\HandRight
\HandRightUp
\ding{42}
\ding{43}
\ding{44}
\ding{45}
*
4
.
\lefthand
\righthand
+
,
'
(
\CrossOpenShadow
\CrossOutline
\Plus
\PlusCenterOpen
76
&
)
\PlusOutline
\PlusThinCenterOpen
!
"
\ding{57}
\ding{58}
;
<
\ding{59}
\ding{60}
=
>
?
@
\ding{61}
\ding{62}
\ding{63}
\ding{64}
#
$
\XSolid
\XSolidBold
\XSolidBrush
\ding{51}
\ding{52}
5
6
7
8
\ding{53}
\ding{54}
\ding{55}
\ding{56}
\CheckedBox
\Square
\XBox
\baucross
\ding{172}
\ding{173}
\ding{174}
\ding{175}
\ding{176}
\ding{177}
\ding{178}
\ding{179}
\ding{180}
\ding{181}
\ding{182}
\ding{183}
\ding{184}
\ding{185}
\ding{186}
\ding{187}
\ding{188}
\ding{189}
\ding{190}
\ding{191}
\ding{192}
\ding{193}
\ding{194}
\ding{195}
\ding{196}
\ding{197}
\ding{198}
\ding{199}
\ding{200}
\ding{201}
\ding{202}
\ding{203}
\ding{204}
\ding{205}
\ding{206}
\ding{207}
\ding{208}
\ding{209}
\ding{210}
\ding{211}
4 In
\davidsstar
\hexstar
\varhexstar
fact, dingautolist can use any set of consecutive Zapf Dingbats symbols.
77
N
A
B
X
C
D
0
/
Z
S
Y
H
I
F
E
R
P
8
;
?
7
9
:
<
=
>
@
1
V
W
5
6
\FiveFlowerPetal
\FiveStar
\FiveStarCenterOpen
\FiveStarConvex
\FiveStarLines
\FiveStarOpen
\FiveStarOpenCircled
\FiveStarOpenDotted
\FiveStarOutline
\FiveStarOutlineHeavy
\FiveStarShadow
\FourAsterisk
\FourClowerOpen
\FourClowerSolid
\FourStar
\FourStarOpen
2
3
O
U
M
Q
L
[
G
K
`
^
_
]
\
J
\JackStar
\JackStarBold
\SixFlowerAlternate
\SixFlowerAltPetal
\SixFlowerOpenCenter
\SixFlowerPetalDotted
\SixFlowerPetalRemoved
\SixFlowerRemovedOpenPetal
\SixStar
\SixteenStarLight
\Snowflake
\SnowflakeChevron
\SnowflakeChevronBold
\Sparkle
\SparkleBold
\TwelweStar
\ding{65}
\ding{66}
\ding{67}
\ding{68}
\ding{69}
\ding{70}
\ding{71}
\ding{72}
\ding{73}
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
\ding{74}
\ding{75}
\ding{76}
\ding{77}
\ding{78}
\ding{79}
\ding{80}
\ding{81}
\ding{82}
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
[
\ding{83}
\ding{84}
\ding{85}
\ding{86}
\ding{87}
\ding{88}
\ding{89}
\ding{90}
\ding{91}
\
]
^
_
`
a
b
c
d
\ding{92}
\ding{93}
\ding{94}
\ding{95}
\ding{96}
\ding{97}
\ding{98}
\ding{99}
\ding{100}
e
f
g
h
i
j
k
\ding{101}
\ding{102}
\ding{103}
\ding{104}
\ding{105}
\ding{106}
\ding{107}
\aldine
\aldineleft
\aldineright
\aldinesmall
\decofourleft
\decofourright
X
]
Y
Z
a
b
\decoone
\decosix
\decothreeleft
\decothreeright
\decotwo
\floweroneleft
c
g
f
h
d
\floweroneright
\leafleft
\leafNE
\leafright
\starredbullet
\hexagon
\octagon
78
\pentagon
\varhexagon
\filledlargestar
\filledlozenge
\filledmedlozenge
\largecircle
\largediamond
\largelozenge
\largepentagram
\largesquare
\largestar
\largestarofdavid
\medlozenge
\medstarofdavid
\smalllozenge
MnSymbol defines \bigcirc as a synonym for \largecircle; \bigstar as a synonym for \filledlargestar; \lozenge as a synonym for \medlozenge; and,
\blacklozenge as a synonym for \filledmedlozenge.
%
&
_
/
#
"
$
!
5
6
U
V
P
S
R
\BigCircle
\BigCross
\BigDiamondshape
\BigHBar
\BigLowerDiamond
\BigRightDiamond
\BigSquare
\BigTriangleDown
\BigTriangleLeft
\BigTriangleRight
\BigTriangleUp
\BigVBar
\Circle
\Cross
\DiamondShadowA
\DiamondShadowB
\DiamondShadowC
\Diamondshape
\FilledBigCircle
\FilledBigDiamondshape
\FilledBigSquare
\FilledBigTriangleDown
\FilledBigTriangleLeft
T
Q
e
f
u
v
p
s
r
t
q
`
c
b
d
a
o
?
\FilledBigTriangleRight
\FilledBigTriangleUp
\FilledCircle
\FilledDiamondShadowA
\FilledDiamondShadowC
\FilledDiamondshape
\FilledSmallCircle
\FilledSmallDiamondshape
\FilledSmallSquare
\FilledSmallTriangleDown
\FilledSmallTriangleLeft
\FilledSmallTriangleRight
\FilledSmallTriangleUp
\FilledSquare
\FilledSquareShadowA
\FilledSquareShadowC
\FilledTriangleDown
\FilledTriangleLeft
\FilledTriangleRight
\FilledTriangleUp
\HBar
\LowerDiamond
\RightDiamond
E
F
O
@
C
B
D
A
*
)
0
3
2
4
1
\SmallCircle
\SmallCross
\SmallDiamondshape
\SmallHBar
\SmallLowerDiamond
\SmallRightDiamond
\SmallSquare
\SmallTriangleDown
\SmallTriangleLeft
\SmallTriangleRight
\SmallTriangleUp
\SmallVBar
\SpinDown
\SpinUp
\Square
\SquareShadowA
\SquareShadowB
\SquareShadowC
\TriangleDown
\TriangleLeft
\TriangleRight
\TriangleUp
\VBar
The ifsym documentation points out that one can use \rlap to combine
some of the above into useful, new symbols. For example, \BigCircle and
\FilledSmallCircle combine to give . Likewise, \Square and \Cross combine to give . See Section 8.3 for more information about constructing new
symbols out of existing symbols.
0
%u
79
d
a
p
b
e
c
s
r
u
v
t
f
k
m
l
h
\CircleShadow
\CircleSolid
\DiamondSolid
\Ellipse
\EllipseShadow
\EllipseSolid
\HalfCircleLeft
\HalfCircleRight
\Rectangle
\RectangleBold
\RectangleThin
\Square
\SquareCastShadowBottomRight
\SquareCastShadowTopLeft
\SquareCastShadowTopRight
\SquareShadowBottomRight
j
i
g
o
n
\SquareShadowTopLeft
\SquareShadowTopRight
\SquareSolid
\TriangleDown
\TriangleUp
o
p
q
\ding{108}
\ding{109}
\ding{110}
\ding{111}
\ding{112}
\ding{113}
u
w
x
\ding{114}
\ding{115}
\ding{116}
\ding{117}
\ding{119}
\ding{120}
y
z
\ding{121}
\ding{122}
\bausquare
\bautriangle
O
C
D
r
s
t
\baucircle
\baueclipse
\bauhole
\baupunct
\bausquare
\bautriangle
\anchor
\carriagereturn
\checkmark
C
I
S
B
Z
\eye
\filledsquarewithdots
\satellitedish
\Peace
\Phone
\PhoneHandset
\Plane
\Sborder
\squarewithdots
\Zborder
\SunshineOpenCircled
\Tape
\ding{37}
\ding{38}
\ding{39}
(
)
v
\ding{40}
\ding{41}
\ding{118}
\ding{164}
\ding{165}
\ding{166}
80
\ding{167}
\ding{168}
\ding{170}
\ding{171}
\ding{169}
Ancient languages
This section presents letters and ideograms from various ancient scripts. Some of these symbols may also be
useful in other typesetting contexts.
Table 269: phaistos Symbols from the Phaistos Disk
J
\PHarrow
\PHeagle
\PHplumedHead
\PHbee
\PHflute
\PHram
\PHbeehive
\PHgaunlet
\PHrosette
\PHboomerang
\PHgrater
\PHsaw
\PHbow
\PHhelmet
\PHshield
\PHbullLeg
\PHhide
\PHship
\PHcaptive
\PHhorn
\PHsling
\PHcarpentryPlane
\PHlid
\PHsmallAxe
\PHcat
\PHlily
\PHstrainer
\PHchild
\PHmanacles
\PHtattooedHead
\PHclub
\PHmattock
\PHtiara
\PHcolumn
\PHoxBack
\PHtunny
\PHcomb
\PHpapyrus
\PHvine
\PHdolium
\PHpedestrian
\PHwavyBand
\PHdove
\PHplaneTree
\PHwoman
\Aaleph
\AAaleph
\Abeth
\AAbeth
\Agimel
\Adaleth
\AAdaleth
\Ahe
E
z
w
H
h
T
y
Y
\AAhe
\Azayin
\Avav
\Aheth
\AAheth
\Ateth
\Ayod
\AAyod
k
K
l
L
m
n
o
O
\Akaph
\AAkaph
\Alamed
\AAlamed
\Amem
\Anun
\Aayin
\AAayin
s
p
P
x
X
q
Q
r
\Asamekh
\Ape
\AApe
\Asade
\AAsade
\Aqoph
\AAqoph
\Aresh
R
S
v
V
t
\AAresh
\Ashin
\Ahelmet
\AAhelmet
\Atav
The protosem package defines abbreviated control sequences for each of the above.
In addition, single-letter shortcuts can be used within the argument to the
\textproto command (e.g., \textproto{Pakyn} produces Pakyn). See
the protosem documentation for more information.
81
\HA
\HI
\Hn
\HT
\Ha
\Hi
\HO
\Ht
\HB
\Hibl
\Ho
\Htongue
\Hb
\Hibp
\Hp
\HU
\Hc
\Hibs
\HP
\Hu
\HC
\Hibw
\Hplural
\HV
\HD
\HJ
\Hplus
\Hv
\Hd
\Hj
\HQ
\Hvbar
\Hdual
\Hk
\Hq
\Hw
e
E
\He
\HE
K
L
\HK
\HL
?
R
\Hquery
\HR
W
X
\HW
\HX
\Hf
\Hl
\Hr
\Hx
\HF
\Hm
\Hs
\HY
\HG
\HM
\HS
\Hy
\Hg
\Hman
\Hscribe
\Hz
\Hh
\Hms
\Hslash
\HZ
\HH
\HN
\Hsv
\Hone
\Hhundred
\HXthousand
\Hmillion
\Hten
\Hthousand
\HCthousand
The hieroglf package defines alternate control sequences and single-letter shortcuts
for each of the above which can be used within the argument to the \textpmhg
command (e.g., \textpmhg{Pakin} produces Pakin). See the hieroglf
documentation for more information.
\LinearAI
\LinearAII
\LinearAIII
\LinearAIV
\LinearAV
\LinearAVI
\LinearAVII
\LinearAVIII
\LinearAIX
\LinearAX
\LinearAXI
\LinearAXII
\LinearAXIII
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
i
j
k
l
m
n
\LinearAXCIX
\LinearAC
\LinearACI
\LinearACII
\LinearACIII
\LinearACIV
\LinearACV
\LinearACVI
\LinearACVII
\LinearACVIII
\LinearACIX
\LinearACX
\LinearACXI
\LinearACXCVII
\LinearACXCVIII
\LinearACXCIX
\LinearACC
\LinearACCI
\LinearACCII
\LinearACCIII
\LinearACCIV
\LinearACCV
\LinearACCVI
\LinearACCVII
\LinearACCVIII
\LinearACCIX
t
u
v
w
x
y
z
{
|
}
~
\LinearACCXCV
\LinearACCXCVI
\LinearACCXCVII
\LinearACCXCVIII
\LinearACCXCIX
\LinearACCC
\LinearACCCI
\LinearACCCII
\LinearACCCIII
\LinearACCCIV
\LinearACCCV
\LinearACCCVI
\LinearACCCVII
82
!
"
#
$
%
&
'
(
)
*
+
,
.
/
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
:
;
<
=
>
?
@
\LinearAXIV
\LinearAXV
\LinearAXVI
\LinearAXVII
\LinearAXVIII
\LinearAXIX
\LinearAXX
\LinearAXXI
\LinearAXXII
\LinearAXXIII
\LinearAXXIV
\LinearAXXV
\LinearAXXVI
\LinearAXXVII
\LinearAXXVIII
\LinearAXXIX
\LinearAXXX
\LinearAXXXI
\LinearAXXXII
\LinearAXXXIII
\LinearAXXXIV
\LinearAXXXV
\LinearAXXXVI
\LinearAXXXVII
\LinearAXXXVIII
\LinearAXXXIX
\LinearAXL
\LinearAXLI
\LinearAXLII
\LinearAXLIII
\LinearAXLIV
\LinearAXLV
\LinearAXLVI
\LinearAXLVII
\LinearAXLVIII
\LinearAXLIX
\LinearAL
\LinearALI
\LinearALII
\LinearALIII
\LinearALIV
\LinearALV
\LinearALVI
\LinearALVII
\LinearALVIII
\LinearALIX
\LinearALX
\LinearALXI
\LinearALXII
\LinearALXIII
\LinearALXIV
\LinearALXV
o
p
q
r
s
t
u
v
w
x
y
z
{
|
}
~
\LinearACXII
\LinearACXIII
\LinearACXIV
\LinearACXV
\LinearACXVI
\LinearACXVII
\LinearACXVIII
\LinearACXIX
\LinearACXX
\LinearACXXI
\LinearACXXII
\LinearACXXIII
\LinearACXXIV
\LinearACXXV
\LinearACXXVI
\LinearACXXVII
\LinearACXXVIII
\LinearACXXIX
\LinearACXXX
\LinearACXXXI
\LinearACXXXII
\LinearACXXXIII
\LinearACXXXIV
\LinearACXXXV
\LinearACXXXVI
\LinearACXXXVII
\LinearACXXXVIII
\LinearACXXXIX
\LinearACXL
\LinearACXLI
\LinearACXLII
\LinearACXLIII
\LinearACXLIV
\LinearACXLV
\LinearACXLVI
\LinearACXLVII
\LinearACXLVIII
\LinearACXLIX
\LinearACL
\LinearACLI
\LinearACLII
\LinearACLIII
\LinearACLIV
\LinearACLV
\LinearACLVI
\LinearACLVII
\LinearACLVIII
\LinearACLIX
\LinearACLX
\LinearACLXI
\LinearACLXII
\LinearACLXIII
!
"
#
$
%
&
'
(
)
*
+
,
.
/
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
:
;
<
=
>
?
@
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
\LinearACCX
\LinearACCXI
\LinearACCXII
\LinearACCXIII
\LinearACCXIV
\LinearACCXV
\LinearACCXVI
\LinearACCXVII
\LinearACCXVIII
\LinearACCXIX
\LinearACCXX
\LinearACCXXI
\LinearACCXXII
\LinearACCXXIII
\LinearACCXXIV
\LinearACCXXV
\LinearACCXXVI
\LinearACCXXVII
\LinearACCXXVIII
\LinearACCXXIX
\LinearACCXXX
\LinearACCXXXI
\LinearACCXXXII
\LinearACCXXXIII
\LinearACCXXXIV
\LinearACCXXXV
\LinearACCXXXVI
\LinearACCXXXVII
\LinearACCXXXVIII
\LinearACCXXXIX
\LinearACCXL
\LinearACCXLI
\LinearACCXLII
\LinearACCXLIII
\LinearACCXLIV
\LinearACCXLV
\LinearACCXLVI
\LinearACCXLVII
\LinearACCXLVIII
\LinearACCXLIX
\LinearACCL
\LinearACCLI
\LinearACCLII
\LinearACCLIII
\LinearACCLIV
\LinearACCLV
\LinearACCLVI
\LinearACCLVII
\LinearACCLVIII
\LinearACCLIX
\LinearACCLX
\LinearACCLXI
\LinearACCCVIII
\LinearACCCIX
\LinearACCCX
\LinearACCCXI
\LinearACCCXII
\LinearACCCXIII
\LinearACCCXIV
\LinearACCCXV
\LinearACCCXVI
\LinearACCCXVII
\LinearACCCXVIII
\LinearACCCXIX
\LinearACCCXX
\LinearACCCXXI
\LinearACCCXXII
\LinearACCCXXIII
\LinearACCCXXIV
\LinearACCCXXV
\LinearACCCXXVI
\LinearACCCXXVII
\LinearACCCXXVIII
\LinearACCCXXIX
\LinearACCCXXX
\LinearACCCXXXI
\LinearACCCXXXII
\LinearACCCXXXIII
\LinearACCCXXXIV
\LinearACCCXXXV
\LinearACCCXXXVI
\LinearACCCXXXVII
\LinearACCCXXXVIII
\LinearACCCXXXIX
\LinearACCCXL
\LinearACCCXLI
\LinearACCCXLII
\LinearACCCXLIII
\LinearACCCXLIV
\LinearACCCXLV
\LinearACCCXLVI
\LinearACCCXLVII
\LinearACCCXLVIII
\LinearACCCXLIX
\LinearACCCL
\LinearACCCLI
\LinearACCCLII
\LinearACCCLIII
\LinearACCCLIV
\LinearACCCLV
\LinearACCCLVI
\LinearACCCLVII
\LinearACCCLVIII
\LinearACCCLIX
83
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
[
\
]
^
_
`
a
\LinearALXVI
\LinearALXVII
\LinearALXVIII
\LinearALXIX
\LinearALXX
\LinearALXXI
\LinearALXXII
\LinearALXXIII
\LinearALXXIV
\LinearALXXV
\LinearALXXVI
\LinearALXXVII
\LinearALXXVIII
\LinearALXXIX
\LinearALXXX
\LinearALXXXI
\LinearALXXXII
\LinearALXXXIII
\LinearALXXXIV
\LinearALXXXV
\LinearALXXXVI
\LinearALXXXVII
\LinearALXXXVIII
\LinearALXXXIX
\LinearALXXXX
\LinearAXCI
\LinearAXCII
\LinearAXCIII
\LinearAXCIV
\LinearAXCV
\LinearAXCVI
\LinearAXCVII
\LinearAXCVIII
\LinearACLXIV
\LinearACLXV
\LinearACLXVI
\LinearACLXVII
\LinearACLXVIII
\LinearACLXIX
\LinearACLXX
\LinearACLXXI
\LinearACLXXII
\LinearACLXXIII
\LinearACLXXIV
\LinearACLXXV
\LinearACLXXVI
\LinearACLXXVII
\LinearACLXXVIII
\LinearACLXXIX
\LinearACLXXX
\LinearACLXXXI
\LinearACLXXXII
\LinearACLXXXIII
\LinearACLXXXIV
\LinearACLXXXV
\LinearACLXXXVI
\LinearACLXXXVII
\LinearACLXXXVIII
\LinearACLXXXIX
\LinearACLXXXX
\LinearACXCI
\LinearACXCII
\LinearACXCIII
\LinearACXCIV
\LinearACXCV
\LinearACXCVI
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
[
\
]
^
_
`
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
i
j
k
l
m
n
o
p
q
r
s
84
\LinearACCLXII
\LinearACCLXIII
\LinearACCLXIV
\LinearACCLXV
\LinearACCLXVI
\LinearACCLXVII
\LinearACCLXVIII
\LinearACCLXIX
\LinearACCLXX
\LinearACCLXXI
\LinearACCLXXII
\LinearACCLXXIII
\LinearACCLXXIV
\LinearACCLXXV
\LinearACCLXXVI
\LinearACCLXXVII
\LinearACCLXXVIII
\LinearACCLXXIX
\LinearACCLXXX
\LinearACCLXXXI
\LinearACCLXXXII
\LinearACCLXXXIII
\LinearACCLXXXIV
\LinearACCLXXXV
\LinearACCLXXXVI
\LinearACCLXXXVII
\LinearACCLXXXVIII
\LinearACCLXXXIX
\LinearACCLXXXX
\LinearACCXCI
\LinearACCXCII
\LinearACCXCIII
\LinearACCXCIV
\LinearACCCLX
\LinearACCCLXI
\LinearACCCLXII
\LinearACCCLXIII
\LinearACCCLXIV
\LinearACCCLXV
\LinearACCCLXVI
\LinearACCCLXVII
\LinearACCCLXVIII
\LinearACCCLXIX
\LinearACCCLXX
\LinearACCCLXXI
\LinearACCCLXXII
\LinearACCCLXXIII
\LinearACCCLXXIV
\LinearACCCLXXV
\LinearACCCLXXVI
\LinearACCCLXXVII
\LinearACCCLXXVIII
\LinearACCCLXXIX
\LinearACCCLXXX
\LinearACCCLXXXI
\LinearACCCLXXXII
\LinearACCCLXXXIII
\LinearACCCLXXXIV
\LinearACCCLXXXV
\LinearACCCLXXXVI
\LinearACCCLXXXVII
\LinearACCCLXXXVIII
\LinearACCCLXXXIX
\Ba
\Baii
\Baiii
\Bau
\Bda
\Bde
\Bdi
\Bdo
\Bdu
\Bdwe
\Bdwo
\Be
\Bi
j
J
b
L
k
K
c
h
v
m
M
y
A
\Bja
\Bje
\Bjo
\Bju
\Bka
\Bke
\Bki
\Bko
\Bku
\Bma
\Bme
\Bmi
\Bmo
B
n
N
C
E
F
@
o
p
[
P
G
H
]
I
\
q
Q
X
8
r
^
_
R
O
U
\Bmu
\Bna
\Bne
\Bni
\Bno
\Bnu
\Bnwa
\Bo
\Bpa
\Bpaiii
\Bpe
\Bpi
\Bpo
\Bpte
\Bpu
\Bpuii
\Bqa
\Bqe
\Bqi
\Bqo
\Bra
\Braii
\Braiii
\Bre
\Bri
\Bro
V
s
S
Y
1
2
{
|
t
}
T
3
\Broii
\Bru
\Bsa
\Bse
\Bsi
\Bso
\Bsu
\Bswa
\Bswi
\Bta
\Btaii
\Bte
\Bti
4
5
~
u
w
W
6
7
z
Z
9
\Bto
\Btu
\Btwo
\Bu
\Bwa
\Bwe
\Bwi
\Bwo
\Bza
\Bze
\Bzo
\BNi
\BNii
\BNiii
\BNiv
\BNv
\BNvi
\BNvii
\BNviii
\BNix
\BNx
\BNxx
\BNxxx
\BNxl
\BNl
\BNlx
\BNlxx
\BNlxxx
\BNxc
\BNc
\BNcc
\BNccc
\BNcd
\BNd
\BNdc
ff
fi
\BNdcc
\BNdccc
\BNcm
\BNm
These symbols must appear either within the argument to \textlinb or following
the \linbfamily font-selection command within a scope.
\BPtalent
\BPvola
\BPvolb
\BPvolcd
\BPvolcf
\BPwta
\BPwtb
\BPwtc
\BPwtd
These symbols must appear either within the argument to \textlinb or following
the \linbfamily font-selection command within a scope.
85
\BPamphora
\BParrow
\BPbarley
\BPbilly
\BPboar
\BPbronze
\BPbull
\BPcauldroni
\BPcauldronii
\BPchariot
\BPchassis
\BPcloth
\BPcow
\BPcup
\BPewe
\BPfoal
\BPgoat
\BPgoblet
\BPgold
\BPhorse
\BPman
\BPnanny
\BPolive
\BPox
\BPpig
\BPram
\BPsheep
\BPsow
\BPspear
\BPsword
\BPwheat
\BPwheel
\BPwine
\BPwineiih
\BPwineiiih
\BPwineivh
\BPwoman
\BPwool
These symbols must appear either within the argument to \textlinb or following
the \linbfamily font-selection command within a scope.
\BUi
\BUii
\BUiii
!
"
\BUiv
\BUv
\BUvi
#
$
%
\BUvii
\BUviii
\BUix
&
\BUx
\BUxi
\BUxii
\Btwe
These symbols must appear either within the argument to \textlinb or following
the \linbfamily font-selection command within a scope.
\Ca
\Ce
\Cga
\Ci
\Cja
\Cjo
\Cka
\Cke
\Cki
\Cko
v
l
L
d
f
q
m
M
y
A
\Cku
\Cla
\Cle
\Cli
\Clo
\Clu
\Cma
\Cme
\Cmi
\Cmo
B
n
N
C
E
F
o
p
P
G
H
I
r
R
O
U
V
s
S
Y
\Cmu
\Cna
\Cne
\Cni
\Cno
\Cnu
\Co
\Cpa
\Cpe
\Cpi
\Cpo
\Cpu
\Cra
\Cre
\Cri
\Cro
\Cru
\Csa
\Cse
\Csi
1
2
t
T
3
4
5
u
w
W
\Cso
\Csu
\Cta
\Cte
\Cti
\Cto
\Ctu
\Cu
\Cwa
\Cwe
6
7
x
X
j
b
g
9
\Cwi
\Cwo
\Cxa
\Cxe
\Cya
\Cyo
\Cza
\Czo
86
\SAa
\SAb
\SAg
\SAd
\SAh
\SAw
z
H
T
y
k
l
\SAz
\SAhd
\SAtd
\SAy
\SAk
\SAl
m
n
s
f
\SAm
\SAn
\SAs
\SAf
\SAlq
\SAo
x
q
r
S
t
I
D
J
G
Z
X
B
\SAsd
\SAq
\SAr
\SAsv
\SAt
\SAhu
\SAdb
\SAtb
\SAga
\SAzd
\SAsa
\SAdd
\Coppa
\coppa
\digamma,
\Digamma
\koppa
\Sampi
\sampi
\Stigma
\stigma
\varstigma
Technically, these symbols do not require teubner; it is sufficient to load the babel
package with the greek option (upon which teubner depends)but use \qoppa for
\koppa and \ddigamma for \digamma.
For compatibility with other naming conventions teubner defines \Koppa as a synonym for \Coppa and \varcoppa as a synonym for \coppa.
If both teubner and amssymb are loaded, teubners \digamma replaces amssymbs
\digamma, regardless of package-loading order.
87
Other symbols
The following are all the symbols that didnt fit neatly or unambiguously into any of the previous sections.
(Do weather symbols belong under Science and technology? Should dice be considered mathematics?)
While some of the tables contain clearly related groups of symbols (e.g., musical notes), others represent motley
assortments of whatever the font designer felt like drawing.
\textborn
\textdied
c
l
\textdivorced
\textleaf
\textmarried
1
|
\ataribox
\bell
\blacksmiley
\Bowtie
\brokenvert
\checked
L
/
6
\clock
\diameter
\DOWNarrow
\frownie
\invdiameter
\kreuz
\LEFTarrow
\lightning
\phone
\pointer
\recorder
\RIGHTarrow
\smiley
\sun
\UParrow
\wasylozenge
\rightturn
\CIRCLE
\Circle
\LEFTCIRCLE
#
G
I
H
#
H
J
"
\LEFTcircle
\Leftcircle
\RIGHTCIRCLE
\RIGHTcircle
\Rightcircle
\leftturn
\eighthnote
\halfnote
\twonotes
\fullnote
\quarternote
See also \flat, \sharp, and \natural (Table 201 on page 65).
\quarternote
\eighthnote
\sixteenthnote
See also \flat, \sharp, and \natural (Table 201 on page 65).
88
==
==(
==
?
DD
\AAcht
D
/D
\Acht
\AchtBL
\AchtBR
\AcPa
\DD
/D
ss
SS
<
\DDohne
\Dohne
\Ds
\DS
\Ganz
\GaPa
<
==
==
=
\Halb
\HaPa
\Pu
\Sech
\SechBL
\SechBl
== )
===
@
<
>
\SechBR
>
\VM
\SechBr
\SePa
\UB
\Vier
\ViPa
*
A
\Zwdr
\ZwPa
/A/a
\Ohne{A}\Ohne{a}
g
Ag
a \Umd{A}\Umd{a}
These symbols take an optional argument which shifts the accent either horizontally
or vertically (depending on the command) by the given distance.
In addition to the accents shown above, \HH is a special accent command
which accepts five period-separated characters and typesets them such that
b
c
\HH.X.a.b.c.d. produces Xa d. All arguments except the first can be omitted: \HH.X..... produces X. \Takt takes two arguments and composes them
into a musical time signature. For example, \Takt{12}{8} produces 12
8 . As
two special cases, \Takt{c}{0} produces S and \Takt{c}{1} produces R .
The musixtex package must be installed to use harmony.
\dbend
\lhdbend
\reversedvideodbend
Note that these symbols descend far beneath the baseline. manfnt also defines nondescending versions, which it calls, correspondingly, \textdbend, \textlhdbend,
and \textreversedvideodbend.
\manboldkidney
\manconcentriccircles
\manconcentricdiamond
\mancone
\mancube
\manerrarrow
\manfilledquartercircle
\manhpennib
\manimpossiblecube
\mankidney
\manlhpenkidney
&
'
"
7
x
6
89
\manpenkidney
\manquadrifolium
\manquartercircle
\manrotatedquadrifolium
\manrotatedquartercircle
\manstar
\mantiltpennib
\mantriangledown
\mantriangleright
\mantriangleup
\manvpennib
\Forward
\ForwardToEnd
\ForwardToIndex
\MoveDown
\MoveUp
\Rewind
\RewindToIndex
\RewindToStart
\ToBottom
\ToTop
\AtForty
\AtNinetyFive
\AtSixty
\Bleech
\CleaningA
\CleaningF
\CleaningFF
\CleaningP
\CleaningPP
\Dontwash
\Handwash
\IroningI
\IroningII
\IroningIII
\NoBleech
\NoChemicalCleaning
\NoIroning
\NoTumbler
\ShortFifty
\ShortForty
\ShortNinetyFive
\ShortSixty
\ShortThirty
\SpecialForty
\Tumbler
\WashCotton
\WashSynthetics
\WashWool
V
U
K
X
\Bicycle
\Checkedbox
\Clocklogo
\Coffeecup
\Crossedbox
o
x
I
i
y
\Football
\Gentsroom
\Industry
\Info
\Ladiesroom
Z
w
b
\Pointinghand
\Wheelchair
\Writinghand
\Ankh
\Bat
\Bouquet
\Celtcross
\CircledA
F
f
m
@
:
\Cross
\FHBOlogo
\FHBOLOGO
\Frowny
\FullFHBO
\Heart
\MartinVogel
\Mundus
\MVAt
\MVRightarrow
\Smiley
\Womanface
\Yinyang
\bauforms
\bauhead
\bauforms
\bauhead
\bauplus
90
\bauquarter
\bauquestion
\bauwindow
\varQ
\bomb
\danger
\grimace
\noway
M
A
\textthing
\textxswdown
N
U
\textxswup
\Cloud
\FilledCloud
\FilledRainCloud
\FilledSunCloud
\FilledWeakRainCloud
\Fog
\Hail
\HalfSun
\Lightning
\NoSun
\Rain
\RainCloud
\Sleet
\Snow
\SnowCloud
\Sun
\SunCloud
\ThinFog
$
\WeakRain
\WeakRainCloud
\FilledSnowCloud
\SummitSign
\StoneMan
\Hut
\FilledHut
\Village
\Interval
\StopWatchEnd
\SurveySign
\Joch
\Flag
\VarFlag
\Tent
\VarClock
\HalfFilledHut
\VarSummit
\Wecker
\VarTaschenuhr
91
:
:
::
::
(
\Letter
\PaperLandscape
\PaperPortrait
\Cube{3}
\Cube{4}
\StrokeThree
\StrokeFour
\Radiation
\SectioningDiamond
\Telephone
\Cube{5}
\Cube{6}
\StrokeFive
12ii
3i
\ClockStyle
\ClockFramefalse
0
1
2
3
0
i
0012ii
03i
\ClockFrametrue
\epsdice{3}
\epsdice{4}
\epsdice{5}
\epsdice{6}
\fcdice{3}
\fcdice{4}
\fcdice{5}
\fcdice{6}
The \fcdice command accepts values larger than 6. For example, \fcdice{47}
produces
.
\fcscore{3}
\fcscore{4}
\fcscore{5}
For example,
\skull
\rip
\bbetter
\bdecisive
\betteris
\bishoppair
\bupperhand
\capturesymbol
\castlingchar
\castlinghyphen
\centre
\checksymbol
\chesscomment
\chessetc
\chesssee
\compensation
\counterplay
\devadvantage
\diagonal
d
L
j
H
O
O-O-O
x
y
m
S
U
N
F
o
r
M
s
\doublepawns
\ending
\equal
\file
\kside
\longcastling
\markera
\markerb
\mate
\morepawns
\moreroom
\novelty
\onlymove
\opposbishops
\passedpawn
\qside
\samebishops
93
q
O-O
T
k
u
R
f
h
J
v
A
E
C
w
c
D
\seppawns
\shortcastling
\timelimit
\unclear
\unitedpawns
\various
\wbetter
\wdecisive
\weakpt
\with
\withattack
\withidea
\withinit
\without
\wupperhand
\zugzwang
a
b
Z
j
k
m
n
o
p
l
q
\BlackBishopOnWhite
s
r
\BlackEmptySquare
\symbishop
\BlackKingOnBlack
\symking
\BlackKingOnWhite
\symknight
\BlackKnightOnBlack
\sympawn
\BlackKnightOnWhite
\symqueen
\BlackPawnOnBlack
\symrook
\BlackBishopOnBlack
\BlackPawnOnWhite
\BlackQueenOnBlack
\BlackQueenOnWhite
A
B
0
\BlackRookOnBlack
\BlackRookOnWhite
\WhiteBishopOnBlack
\WhiteBishopOnWhite
J
K
M
N
O
P
L
Q
S
R
\WhiteKingOnBlack
\WhiteKingOnWhite
\WhiteKnightOnBlack
\WhiteKnightOnWhite
\WhitePawnOnBlack
\WhitePawnOnWhite
\WhiteQueenOnBlack
\WhiteQueenOnWhite
\WhiteRookOnBlack
\WhiteRookOnWhite
\WhiteEmptySquare
The skak package also provides commands for drawing complete chessboards. See
the skak documentation for more information.
}
|
~
}
|
~
\blackstone[\igocircle]
\blackstone[\igocross]
\blackstone[\igonone]
\blackstone[\igosquare]
\blackstone[\igotriangle]
\whitestone[\igocircle]
\whitestone[\igocross]
\whitestone[\igonone]
\whitestone[\igosquare]
\whitestone[\igotriangle]
The igo package is intended to typeset Go boards (goban). See the igo documentation for more information.
94
\a
\B
\b
\Bb
\BB
\bb
\bB
\bba
\bbb
\BBm
\bBm
\bbm
\Bbm
\bbmb
\bbmx
\bm
\Bm
\c
\C
\Cc
\cc
\Ccc
\m
\M
\ma
\Mb
\mb
\mBb
\mbB
\mbb
\Mbb
\mbbx
\oo
\p
\pm
\pp
\Pp
\ppm
\ppp
\Ppp
\Pppp
\pppp
\Ppppp
\ppppp
\ps
\pxp
\Pxp
\R
\r
\T
\t
\tsbm
\tsmb
\tsmm
\vppm
\vpppm
\x
The preceding symbols are valid only within the argument to the metre command.
<
<
>
>
\anaclasis
\antidiple
\antidiple*
\antisigma
\asteriscus
\catalexis
\diple
\diple*
\obelus
\obelus*
\respondens
\terminus
\terminus*
<
<
>
>
\Anaclasis
\Antidiple
\Antidiple*
\Antisigma
\Asteriscus
\Catalexis
\Diple
\Diple*
\Obelus
\Obelus*
\Respondens
\Terminus
\Terminus*
\aeolicbii
\aeolicbiii
\aeolicbiv
\anceps
\ancepsdbrevis
\banceps
\barbbrevis
\barbrevis
\bbrevis
\brevis
\catal
\corona
\coronainv
\hiatus
\ipercatal
\longa
\ubarbbrevis
\ubarbrevis
\ubarsbrevis
\ubrevislonga
The teubner package provides a \newmetrics command that helps users combine
the preceding symbols as well as other teubner symbols. For example, the predefined
\pentam symbol uses \newmetrics to juxtapose six \longas, two \barbbrevises,
four \brevises, and a \dBar into ||. See the teubner documentation for more information.
95
\dsaeronautical
\dsagricultural
\dsarchitectural
\dsbiological
\dschemical
c
H
J
L
M
\dscommercial
\dsheraldical
\dsjuridical
\dsliterary
\dsmathematical
m
X
R
T
\dsmedical
\dsmilitary
\dsrailways
\dstechnical
\Bart
\Homer
\Maggie
\Burns
\Lisa
\Marge
\SNPP
The location of the characters pupils can be controlled with the \Goofy command.
See A METAFONT of Simpsons characters [Che97] for more information. Also,
each of the above can be prefixed with \Left to make the character face left instead
of right:
\Left\Bart
96
\textSFli
\textSFxli
\textSFxxiii
\textdkshade
\textSFlii
\textSFxlii
\textSFxxiv
\textdnblock
\textlfblock
\textSFliii
\textSFliv
\textSFxliii
\textSFxliv
\textSFxxv
\textSFxxvi
\textltshade
\textSFv
\textSFxlix
\textSFxxvii
\textrtblock
\textSFvi
\textSFxlv
\textSFxxviii
\textSFi
\textSFvii
\textSFxlvi
\textSFxxxix
\textSFii
\textSFviii
\textSFxlvii
\textSFxxxvi
\textSFiii
\textSFx
\textSFxlviii
\textSFxxxvii
\textSFiv
\textSFxi
\textSFxx
\textSFxxxviii
\textSFix
\textSFxix
\textSFxxi
\textshade
\textSFl
\textSFxl
\textSFxxii
\textupblock
Code Page 437 (CP437), which was first utilized by the original IBM PC, contains
the set of box-drawing symbols (sides, corners, and intersections of single- and
double-ruled boxes) shown above in character positions 176223. These symbols
also appear in the Unicode Box Drawing and Block Element tables.
The pmboxdraw package draws the CP437 box-drawing symbols using TEX rules
(specifically, \vrule) instead of with a font and thereby provides the ability to
alter both rule width and the separation between rules. See the pmboxdraw documentation for more information.
\staveXXIV
\staveXLVII
\staveII
\staveXXV
\staveXLVIII
\staveIII
\staveXXVI
\staveXLIX
\staveIV
\staveXXVII
\staveL
\staveV
\staveXXVIII
\staveLI
\staveVI
\staveXXIX
\staveLII
\staveVII
\staveXXX
\staveLIII
\staveVIII
\staveXXXI
\staveLIV
\staveIX
\staveXXXII
\staveLV
\staveX
\staveXXXIII
\staveLVI
\staveXI
\staveXXXIV
\staveLVII
97
\staveXII
"
\staveXXXV
\staveLVIII
\staveXIII
\staveXXXVI
\staveLIX
\staveXIV
\staveXXXVII
\staveLX
\staveXV
\staveXXXVIII
<
\staveLXI
\staveXVI
&
\staveXXXIX
\staveLXII
\staveXVII
'
\staveXL
>
\staveLXIII
\staveXVIII
\staveXLI
\staveLXIV
\staveXIX
\staveXLII
\staveLXV
\staveXX
\staveXLIII
\staveLXVI
\staveXXI
\staveXLIV
\staveLXVII
\staveXXII
\staveXLV
\staveLXVIII
\staveXXIII
\staveXLVI
The meanings of these symbols are described on the Web site for the Museum of Icelandic Sorcery and Witchcraft at http://www.galdrasyning.is/
index.php?option=com content&task=category§ionid=5&id=18&Itemid=
60 (TinyURL: http://tinyurl.com/25979m). For example, \staveL (1) is
intended to ward off ghosts and evil spirits.
{\pigpenfont
{\pigpenfont
{\pigpenfont
{\pigpenfont
{\pigpenfont
{\pigpenfont
{\pigpenfont
{\pigpenfont
{\pigpenfont
A}
B}
C}
D}
E}
F}
G}
H}
I}
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
{\pigpenfont
{\pigpenfont
{\pigpenfont
{\pigpenfont
{\pigpenfont
{\pigpenfont
{\pigpenfont
{\pigpenfont
{\pigpenfont
J}
K}
L}
M}
N}
O}
P}
Q}
R}
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
<
\MoonPha{2}
\MoonPha{3}
{\pigpenfont
{\pigpenfont
{\pigpenfont
{\pigpenfont
{\pigpenfont
{\pigpenfont
{\pigpenfont
{\pigpenfont
#
>
\Postbox
\Request
98
\Telephone
S}
T}
U}
V}
W}
X}
Y}
Z}
\MoonPha{4}
\recycle
\Recycle
\RECYCLE
The METAFONT code that implements the recycling symbols shown above is,
in the words of its author, awful code [that] doesnt even put the logo
in a box (properly). Expect to receive Inconsistent equation (off by
hnumber i) errors from METAFONT. Fortunately, if you tell METAFONT to proceed past those errors (e.g., by pressing Enter after each one or by specifying
-interaction=nonstopmode on the METAFONT command line) it should produce a valid font.
The commands listed above should be used within a group (e.g., {\recycle})
because they exhibit the side effect of changing the font to the recycle font.
99
Additional Information
Unlike the previous sections of this document, Section 8 does not contain new symbol tables. Rather, it provides
additional help in using the Comprehensive LATEX Symbol List. First, it draws attention to symbol names used
by multiple packages. Next, it provides some guidelines for finding symbols and gives some examples regarding
how to construct missing symbols out of existing ones. Then, it comments on the spacing surrounding symbols
in math mode. After that, it presents an ASCII and Latin 1 quick-reference guide, showing how to enter all of
the standard ASCII/Latin 1 symbols in LATEX. And finally, it lists some statistics about this document itself.
8.1
Unfortunately, a number of symbol names are not unique; they appear in more than one package. Depending
on how the symbols are defined in each package, LATEX will either output an error message or replace an
earlier-defined symbol with a later-defined symbol. Table 321 on the following page presents a selection of
name clashes that appear in this document.
Using multiple symbols with the same name in the same documentor even merely loading conflicting
symbol packagescan be tricky but, as evidenced by the existence of Table 321, not impossible. The general
procedure is to load the first package, rename the conflicting symbols, and then load the second package.
Examine the LATEX source for this document (symbols.tex) for examples of this and other techniques for
handling symbol conflicts. Note that symbols.texs \savesymbol and \restoresymbol macros have been
extracted into the savesym package, which can be downloaded from CTAN.
txfonts and pxfonts redefine a huge number of symbolsessentially, all of the symbols defined by latexsym,
textcomp, the various AMS symbol sets, and LATEX 2 itself. Similarly, mathabx redefines a vast number of
math symbols in an attempt to improve their look. The txfonts, pxfonts, and mathabx conflicts are not listed
in Table 321 because they are designed to be compatible with the symbols they replace. Table 322 on page 102
illustrates what compatible means in this context.
To use the new txfonts/pxfonts symbols without altering the documents main font, merely reset the default
font families back to their original values after loading one of those packages:
\renewcommand\rmdefault{cmr}
\renewcommand\sfdefault{cmss}
\renewcommand\ttdefault{cmtt}
8.2
Resizing symbols
Mathematical symbols listed in this document as variable-sized are designed to stretch vertically. Each
variable-sized symbol comes in one or more basic sizes plus a variation comprising both stretchable and
nonstretchable segments. Table 323 on page 102 presents the symbols \} and \uparrow in their default size,
in their \big, \Big, \bigg, and \Bigg sizes, in an even larger size achieved using \left/\right, andfor
contrastin a large size achieved by changing the font size using LATEX 2 s \fontsize command. Because
the symbols shown belong to the Computer Modern family, the type1cm package needs to be loaded to support
font sizes larger than 24.88 pt.
Note how \fontsize makes the symbol wider and thicker. (The graphicx packages \scalebox or
\resizebox commands would produce a similar effect.) Also, the \fontsize-enlarged symbol is vertically
centered relative to correspondingly large text, unlike the symbols enlarged using \big et al. or \left/\right,
which all use the same math axis regardless of symbol size. However, \fontsize is not limited to mathematical
delimiters. Also, \scalebox and \resizebox are more robust to poorly composed symbols (e.g., two symbols
made to overlap by backspacing a fixed distance) but do not work with every TEX backend and will produce
jagged symbols when scaling a bitmapped font.
All variable-sized delimiters are defined (by the corresponding .tfm file) in terms of up to five segments, as
illustrated by Figure 1 on page 102. The top, middle, and bottom segments are of a fixed size. The top-middle
and middle-bottom segments (which are constrained to be the same character) are repeated as many times as
necessary to achieve the desired height.
8.3
If you cant find some symbol youre looking for in this document, there are a few possible explanations:
100
101
\baro
\bigtriangledown
\bigtriangleup
\checkmark
\Circle
\Cross
\ggg
\Letter
\lightning
\Lightning
\lll
\Square
\Sun
\TriangleDown
\TriangleUp
Symbol
5
4
LATEX 2
AMS
`
a
stmaryrd
wasysym
mathabx
marvosym
f
o
n
bbding
0
3
1
5
ifsym
dingbat
<
wsuipa
Default
(Computer Modern)
txfonts
(Times Roman)
R
\textrecipe
\}
Default size
\big
\bigg
\Big
\Bigg
\left / \right
\uparrow
top
top-middle (extensible)
middle
middle-bottom (extensible)
bottom
102
\fontsize
The symbol isnt intuitively named. As a few examples, the ifsym command to draw dice is \Cube; a
plus sign with a circle around it (exclusive or to computer engineers) is \oplus; and lightning bolts
in fonts designed by German speakers may have blitz in their names as in the ulsy package. The moral
of the story is to be creative with synonyms when searching the index.
The symbol is defined by some package that I overlooked (or deemed unimportant). If theres some
symbol package that you think should be included in the Comprehensive LATEX Symbol List, please send
me e-mail at the address listed on the title page.
The symbol isnt defined in any package whatsoever.
Even in the last case, all is not lost. Sometimes, a symbol exists in a font, but there is no LATEX binding
for it. For example, the PostScript Symbol font contains a symbol, which may be useful for representing
a carriage return, but there is no package (as far as I know) for accessing that symbol. To produce an
unnamed symbol, you need to switch to the font explicitly with LATEX 2 s low-level font commands [LAT00]
and use TEXs primitive \char command [Knu86a] to request a specific character number in the font.5 In fact,
\char is not strictly necesssary; the character can often be entered symbolically. For example, the symbol
for an impulse train or Tate-Shafarevich group ( ) is actually an uppercase sha in the Cyrillic alphabet.
(Cyrillic is supported by the OT2 font encoding, for instance). While a sha can be defined numerically as
{\fontencoding{OT2}\selectfont\char88} it may be more intuitive to use the OT2 font encodings SH
ligature: {\fontencoding{OT2}\selectfont SH}.
defines a convenient \Pisymbol command for accessing symbols in PostScript fonts by number.
\Pisymbol{psy}{191} produces .
6 As an example, Xdvi ignores both \reflectbox and \rotatebox.
7 More common symbols for representing such that include |, :, and s.t..
103
For example,
them, is rendered as
. \offinterlineskip is a macro that disables implicit interline spacing. Without
it, \threesim would have a full line of vertical spacing between each \sim. Because of \vcenter, \threesim
EXs \stackrel command is similar but is limited to placing a symbol above a binary relation.
\barcirc illustrates how to combine symbols using \ooalign, the stmaryrd packages \minuso command (Table 46 on
page 22) provides a similar glyph (
) as a single, indivisible symbol.
9 While
104
In the preceding code, note the \ooalign calls use of \hfil to horizontally center a minus sign () and
a \circ ().
As another example of \ooalign, consider the following code (due to Enrico Gregorio in a June 2007 post
to comp.text.tex) that overlaps a \ni (3) and two minus signs (
) to produce 3
, an obscure variation
on the infrequently used 3 symbol for such thatdiscussed on page 103:
\newcommand{\suchthat}{%
\mathrel{\ooalign{$\ni$\cr\kern-1pt$-$\kern-6.5pt$-$}}}
The slashed package, although originally designed for producing Feynman slashed-character notation, in
fact facilitates the production of arbitrary overlapped symbols. The default behavior is to overwrite a given
/
character with /. For example, \slashed{D} produces D.
However, the \declareslashed command
provides the flexibility to specify the mathematical context of the composite character (operator, relation,
punctuation, etc., as will be discussed in Section 8.4), the overlapping symbol, horizontal and vertical adjustments in symbol-relative units, and the character to be overlapped. Consider, for example, the symbol for
reduced quadrupole moment (I).
This can be declared as follows:
\newcommand{\rqm}{{%
\declareslashed{}{\text{-}}{0.04}{0}{I}\slashed{I}}}
\declareslashed{}{}{}{}{I} affects the meaning of all subsequent \slashed{I} commands in the same
scope. The preceding definition of \rqm therefore uses an extra set of curly braces to limit that scope to
a single \slashed{I}. In addition, \rqm uses amstexts \text macro (described on the next page) to make
\declareslashed use a text-mode hyphen (-) instead of a math-mode minus sign () and to ensure that
the hyphen scales properly in size in subscripts and superscripts. See slasheds documentation (located in
slashed.sty itself) for a detailed usage description of the \slashed and \declareslashed commands.
Somewhat simpler than slashed is the centernot package. centernot provides a single command, \centernot,
which, like \not, puts a slash over the subsequent mathematical symbol. However, instead of putting the slash
at a fixed location, \centernot centers the slash over its argument. \centernot might be used, for example,
to create a does not imply symbol:
6=
\not\Longrightarrow
vs.
=
6
\centernot\Longrightarrow
\!\int}
\def\XXint#1#2#3{{\setbox0=\hbox{$#1{#2#3}{\int}$}
\vcenter{\hbox{$#2#3$}}\kern-.5\wd0}}
\def\ddashint{\Xint=}
\def\dashint{\Xint-}
(The preceding code was taken verbatim from the UK TERX Users Group FAQ at http://www.tex.ac.uk/
faq.) R\dashint produces a single-dashed integral sign (), while \ddashint produces a double-dashed
R
one (=). The \Xint macro Rdefined above can also be usedR to generate a wealthR of new integrals:
(\Xint\circlearrowright), (\Xint\circlearrowleft), (\Xint\subset), (\Xint\infty), and
so forth.
LATEX 2 provides a simple wrapper for \mathchoice that sometimes helps produce terser symbol definitions. The macro is called \mathpalette and it takes two arguments. \mathpalette invokes the first
argument, passing it one of \displaystyle, \textstyle, \scriptstyle, or \scriptscriptstyle,
followed by the second argument. \mathpalette is useful when a symbol macro must know which math
style is currently in use (e.g., to set it explicitly within an \mbox). Donald Arseneau posted the following
\mathpalette-based definition of a probabilistic-independence symbol (
) to comp.text.tex in June 2000:
\newcommand\independent{\protect\mathpalette{\protect\independenT}{\perp}}
\def\independenT#1#2{\mathrel{\rlap{$#1#2$}\mkern2mu{#1#2}}}
The \independent macro uses \mathpalette to pass the \independenT helper macro both the current math
style and the \perp symbol. \independenT typesets \perp in the current math style, moves two math units to
the right, and finally typesets a secondoverlappingcopy of \perp, again in the current math style. \rlap,
which enables text overlap, is described later on this page.
expressions like 3x from those like 3x. In March 2002, Dan Luecking posted a \mathpalette-based
definition of a hooked square-root symbol to comp.text.tex:
\def\hksqrt{\mathpalette\DHLhksqrt}
\def\DHLhksqrt#1#2{\setbox0=\hbox{$#1\sqrt{#2\,}$}\dimen0=\ht0
\advance\dimen0-0.2\ht0
\setbox2=\hbox{\vrule height\ht0 depth -\dimen0}%
{\box0\lower0.4pt\box2}}
Notice how \DHLhksqrt uses \mathpalette to recover the outer math style (argument #1) from within an
\hbox. The rest of the code is simply using TEX primitives to position a hook of height 0.2 times the \sqrt
height at the right of the \sqrt. See The TEXbook [Knu86a] for more understanding of TEX boxes and
dimens.
Sometimes, however, amstexts \text macro is all that is necessary to make composite symbols appear
correctly in subscripts and superscripts, as in the following definitions of \neswarrow (%
.) and \nwsearrow
(&):10
\newcommand{\neswarrow}{\mathrel{\text{$\nearrow$\llap{$\swarrow$}}}}
\newcommand{\nwsearrow}{\mathrel{\text{$\nwarrow$\llap{$\searrow$}}}}
\text resembles LATEXs \mbox command but shrinks its argument appropriately when used within a subscript
or superscript. \llap (left overlap) and its counterpart, \rlap (right overlap), appear frequently when
creating composite characters. \llap outputs its argument to the left of the current position, overlapping
whatever text is already there. Similarly, \rlap overlaps whatever text would normally appear to the right
of its argument. For example, A\llap{B} and \rlap{A}B each produce A
B. However, the result of the
former is the width of A, and the result of the latter is the width of B\llap{. . . } and \rlap{. . . } take
up zero space.
In a June 2002 post to comp.text.tex, Donald Arseneau presented a general macro for aligning an arbitrary
number of symbols on their horizontal centers and vertical baselines:
10 Note
that if your goal is to typeset commutative diagrams or pushout/pullback diagrams, then you should probably be using
XY-pic.
106
\makeatletter
\def\moverlay{\mathpalette\mov@rlay}
\def\mov@rlay#1#2{\leavevmode\vtop{%
\baselineskip\z@skip \lineskiplimit-\maxdimen
\ialign{\hfil$#1##$\hfil\cr#2\crcr}}}
\makeatother
The \makeatletter and \makeatother commands are needed to coerce LATEX into accepting @ as
part of a macro name. \moverlay takes a list of symbols separated by \cr (TEXs equivalent of
LATEXs \\). For example, the \topbot command defined on page 105 could have been expressed as
\moverlay{\top\cr\bot} and the \neswarrow command defined on the previous page could have been
expressed as \moverlay{\nearrow\cr\swarrow}.
The basic concept behind \moverlays implementation is that \moverlay typesets the given symbols in a
table that utilizes a zero \baselineskip. This causes every row to be typeset at the same vertical position.
See The TEXbook [Knu86a] for explanations of the TEX primitives used by \moverlay.
Modifying LATEX-generated symbols
Oftentimes, symbols composed in the LATEX 2 source code can be modified with minimal effort to produce
useful variations. For example, fontdef.dtx composes the \ddots symbol (see Table 189 on page 63) out of
three periods, raised 7 pt., 4 pt., and 1 pt., respectively:
\def\ddots{\mathinner{\mkern1mu\raise7\p@
\vbox{\kern7\p@\hbox{.}}\mkern2mu
\raise4\p@\hbox{.}\mkern2mu\raise\p@\hbox{.}\mkern1mu}}
\p@ is a LATEX 2 shortcut for pt or 1.0pt.
The remaining commands are defined in The
TEXbook [Knu86a]. To draw a version of \ddots with the dots going along the opposite diagonal, we merely
have to reorder the \raise7\p@, \raise4\p@, and \raise\p@:
\makeatletter
\def\revddots{\mathinner{\mkern1mu\raise\p@
\vbox{\kern7\p@\hbox{.}}\mkern2mu
\raise4\p@\hbox{.}\mkern2mu\raise7\p@\hbox{.}\mkern1mu}}
\makeatother
\revddots is essentially identical to the mathdots packages \iddots command or the yhmath packages \adots
command.
Producing complex accents
Accents are a special case of combining existing symbols to make new symbols. While various tables in
this document show how to add an accent to an existing symbol, some applications, such as transliterations from non-Latin alphabets, require multiple accents per character. For instance, the creator of pdfTEX
writes his name as H`
an Th
e Th`
anh. The dblaccnt package enables LATEX to stack accents, as in H\an
Th\{\^e} Th\anh (albeit not in the OT1 font encoding). In addition, the wsuipa package defines \diatop
and \diaunder macros for putting one or more diacritics or accents above or below a given character. For
example, \diaunder[{\diatop[\|\=]}|\textsubdot{r}] produces r. See the wsuipa documentation for
more information.
The accents package facilitates the fabrication of accents in math mode. Its \accentset command en?
ables any character to be used as an accent. For instance, \accentset{\star}{f} produces f and
e
\accentset{e}{X} produces X. \underaccent does the same thing, but places the accent beneath the
character. This enables constructs like \underaccent{\tilde}{V}, which produces V . accents provides
other accent-related features as well; see the documentation for more information.
Creating extensible symbols
A relatively simple example of creating extensible symbols stems from a comp.text.tex post by Donald
Arseneau (June 2003). The following code defines an equals sign that extends as far to the right as possible,
just like LATEXs \hrulefill command:
107
\makeatletter
\def\equalsfill{$\m@th\mathord=\mkern-7mu
\cleaders\hbox{$\!\mathord=\!$}\hfill
\mkern-7mu\mathord=$}
\makeatother
TEXs \cleaders and \hfill primitives are the key to understanding \equalsfills extensibility. Essentially, \equalsfill repeats a box containing = plus some negative space until it fills the maximum available horizontal space. \equalsfill is intended to be used with LATEXs \stackrel command, which stacks
one mathematical expression (slightly reduced in size) atop another. Hence, \stackrel{a}{\rightarrow}
a
definition
108
Table 324 showcases these accents. The TEXbook [Knu86a] or another book on TEX primitives is indispensible
for understanding how the preceding code works. The basic idea is that \downparenthfill, \upparenthfill,
\downbracketfill, and \upbracketfill do all of the work; they output a left symbol (e.g., \braceld [z]
for \downparenthfill), a horizontal rule that stretches as wide as possible, and a right symbol (e.g., \bracerd
[{] for \downparenthfill). \overbracket, \underbracket, \overparenthesis, and \underparenthesis
merely create a table whose width is determined by the given text, thereby constraining the width of the
horizontal rules.
Table 324: Manually Composed Extensible Accents
z {
abc \overbracket{abc}
abc \overparenthesis{abc}
abc
\underbracket{abc}
abc
| }
\underparenthesis{abc}
Note that the simplewick package provides mechanisms for typesetting Wick contractions, which utilize \overbracket- and \underbracket-like brackets of variable width and height (or depth). For example, \acontraction{}{A}{B}{C}\acontraction[2ex]{A}{B}{C}{D}\bcontraction{}{A}{BC}{D}ABCD
produces
ABCD
A
10 pt.
vs.
20 pt.
vs.
30 pt.
vs.
vs.
40 pt.
A A
vs.
50 pt.
60 pt.
vs.
A
70 pt.
lightbulb.mf, shown in Figure 3, draws a light bulb using the parameters defined in lightbulb10.mf.
Note that the the filenames lightbulb10.mf and lightbulb.mf do not follow the Berry font-naming
scheme [Ber01]; the Berry font-naming scheme is largely irrelevant for symbol fonts, which generally lack bold,
italic, small-caps, slanted, and other such variants.
The code in Figures Figure 2 and Figure 3 is heavily commented and should demonstrate some of the
basic concepts behind METAFONT usage: declaring variables, defining points, drawing lines and curves, and
preparing to debug or fine-tune the output. Again, The METAFONTbook [Knu86b] is the definitive reference
on METAFONT programming.
11 Im
not a very good artist; youll have to pretend that A looks like a light bulb.
109
input lightbulb
mode setup;
110
METAFONT can produce proofs of fontslarge, labeled versions that showcase the logical structure of
each character. In fact, proof mode is METAFONTs default mode. To produce a proof of lightbulb10.mf,
issue the following commands at the operating-system prompt:
Produces lightbulb10.2602gf
Produces lightbulb10.dvi
You can then view lightbulb10.dvi with any DVI viewer. The result is shown in Figure 4. Observe how the
grid defined with makegrid at the bottom of Figure 3 draws vertical lines at positions 0, sb, w/2, and w sb
and horizontal lines at positions 0, 1pt, y2 , and h. Similarly, observe how the penlabels command labels all
of the important coordinates: z1 , z2 , . . . , z8 and z67 , which lightbulb.mf defines to lie between z6 and z7 .
1
67
111
0
10x
11x
8
1
A
7
4x
8.4
Math-mode spacing
Terms such as binary operators, relations, and punctuation in Section 3 primarily regard the surrounding
spacing. (See the Short Math Guide for LATEX [Dow00] for a nice exposition on the subject.) To use a symbol
for a different purpose, you can use the TEX commands \mathord, \mathop, \mathbin, \mathrel, \mathopen,
\mathclose, and \mathpunct. For example, if you want to use \downarrow as a variable (an ordinary
symbol) instead of a delimiter, you can write $3 x + \mathord{\downarrow}$ to get the properly spaced
that
3x + rather than the awkward-looking 3x+ . Similarly, to create a dotted-union symbol ()
spaces like the ordinary set-union symbol (\cup) it must be defined with \mathbin, just as \cup is. Contrast
$A \dot{\cup} B$ (AB)
with $A \mathbin{\dot{\cup}} B$ (A B).
See The TEXbook [Knu86a]
for the definitive description of math-mode spacing.
The purpose of the log-like symbols in Table 128 and Table 129 is to provide the correct amount of
spacing around and within multiletter function names. Table 325 on the following page contrasts the output of
the log-like symbols with various, nave alternatives. In addition to spacing, the log-like symbols also handle
subscripts properly. For example, \max_{p \in P} produces maxpP in text, but max as part of a
pP
displayed formula.
The amsmath package makes it straightforward to define new log-like symbols:
\DeclareMathOperator{\atan}{atan}
\DeclareMathOperator*{\lcm}{lcm}
112
Output
$r
$r
$r
$r
r sin
rsin
rsin
rsin
\sin \theta$
sin \theta$
\mbox{sin} \theta$
\mathrm{sin} \theta$
(best)
The difference between \DeclareMathOperator and \DeclareMathOperator* involves the handling of subscripts. With \DeclareMathOperator*, subscripts are written beneath log-like symbols in display style and
to the right in text style. This is useful for limit operators (e.g., \lim) and functions that tend to map over
a set (e.g., \min). In contrast, \DeclareMathOperator tells TEX that subscripts should always be displayed
to the right of the operator, as is common for functions that take a single parameter (e.g., \log and \cos).
Table 326 contrasts symbols declared with \DeclareMathOperator and \DeclareMathOperator* in both text
style ($. . .$) and display style (\[. . .\]).12
Table 326: Defining new log-like symbols
Declaration function
\[ \newlogsym {p \in P} \]
\DeclareMathOperator
newlogsympP
newlogsympP
\DeclareMathOperator*
newlogsympP
newlogsym
pP
It is common to use a thin space (\,) between the words of a multiword operators, as in
\DeclareMathOperator*{\argmax}{arg\,max}. \liminf, \limsup, and all of the log-like symbols shown
in Table 129 utilize this spacing convention.
8.5
LATEX does not normally use bold symbols when typesetting mathematics. However, bold symbols are occasionally needed, for example when naming vectors. Any of the approaches described at http://www.tex.ac.uk/
cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=boldgreek can be used to produce bold mathematical symbols. Table 327
contrasts the output produced by these various techniques. As the table illustrates, these techniques exhibit
variation in their formatting of Latin letters (upright vs. italic), formatting of Greek letters (bold vs. normal),
formatting of operators and relations (bold vs. normal), and spacing.
Table 327: Producing bold mathematical symbols
Package
Code
Output
none
none
none
amsbsy
amsbsy
bm
fixmath
+b=D
+b=D
+b=D
+b=D
+b=D
+b=D
+b= D
(no bold)
(faked bold)
12 Note that \displaystyle can be used to force display style within $. . .$ and \textstyle can be used to force text style
within \[. . .\].
113
8.6
Table 328 amalgamates data from various other tables in this document into a convenient reference for
LATEX 2 typesetting of ASCII characters, i.e., the characters available on a typical U.S. computer keyboard.
The first two columns list the characters ASCII code in decimal and hexadecimal. The third column shows
what the character looks like. The fourth column lists the LATEX 2 command to typeset the character as a text
character. And the fourth column lists the LATEX 2 command to typeset the character within a \texttt{. . .}
command (or, more generally, when \ttfamily is in effect).
Table 328: LATEX 2 ASCII Table
Dec
Hex
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
..
.
57
58
59
60
61
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
2A
2B
2C
2D
2E
2F
30
31
32
..
.
39
3A
3B
3C
3D
Char
Body text
!
"
#
$
%
&
(
)
*
+
,
.
/
0
1
2
..
.
9
:
;
<
=
!
\textquotedbl
\#
\$
\%
\&
(
)
*
+
,
.
/
0
1
2
..
.
9
:
;
\textless
=
\texttt
Dec
Hex
!
"
\#
\$
\%
\&
(
)
*
+
,
.
/
0
1
2
..
.
9
:
;
<
=
62
63
64
65
66
67
..
.
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
..
.
122
123
124
125
126
3E
3F
40
41
42
43
..
.
5A
5B
5C
5D
5E
5F
60
61
62
63
..
.
7A
7B
7C
7D
7E
Char
Body text
\texttt
>
?
@
A
B
C
..
.
Z
[
\
]
\textgreater
?
@
A
B
C
..
.
Z
[
\textbackslash
]
\^{}
\_
a
b
c
..
.
z
\{
\textbar
\}
\~{}
>
?
@
A
B
C
..
.
Z
[
\char\\
]
\^{}
\char\_
a
b
c
..
.
z
\char\{
|
\char\}
\~{}
a
b
c
..
.
z
{
|
}
The following are some additional notes about the contents of Table 328:
" is not available in the OT1 font encoding.
Table 328 shows a close quote for character 39 for consistency with the open quote shown for character 96.
A straight quote can be typeset using \textquotesingle (cf. Table 40).
The characters <, >, and | do work as expected in math mode, although they produce, respectively,
, , and in text mode when using the OT1 font encoding.13 The following are some alternatives
for typesetting <, >, and |:
Specify a document font encoding other than OT1 (as described on page 8).
Use the appropriate symbol commands from Table 2 on page 9, viz. \textless, \textgreater,
and \textbar.
Enter the symbols in math mode instead of text mode, i.e., $<$, $>$, and $|$.
Note that for typesetting metavariables many people prefer \textlangle and \textrangle to \textless
and \textgreater; i.e., hfilenamei instead of <filename>.
13 Donald
Knuth didnt think such symbols were important outside of mathematics so he omitted them from his text fonts.
114
Although / does not require any special treatment, LATEX additionally defines a \slash command
which outputs the same glyph but permits a line break afterwards. That is, increase/decrease is
always typeset as a single entity while increase\slash{}decrease may be typeset with increase/
on one line and decrease on the next.
\textasciicircum can be used instead of \^{}, and \textasciitilde can be used instead of \~{}.
Note that \textasciitilde and \~{} produce raised, diacritic tildes. Text (i.e., vertically centered)
tildes can be generated with either the math-mode \sim command (shown in Table 67 on page 30),
which produces a somewhat wide , or the textcomp packages \texttildelow (shown in Table 40
on page 20), which produces a vertically centered ~ in most fonts but a baseline-oriented ~ in
Computer Modern, txfonts, pxfonts, and various other fonts originating from the TEX world. If your
goal is to typeset tildes in URLs or Unix filenames, your best bet is to use the url package, which has a
number of nice features such as proper line-breaking of such names.
The various \char commands within \texttt are necessary only in the OT1 font encoding. In other
encodings (e.g., T1), commands such as \{, \}, \_, and \textbackslash all work properly.
The code page 437 (IBM PC) version of ASCII characters 1 to 31 can be typeset using the ascii package.
See Table 227 on page 72.
To replace and with the more computer-like (and more visibly distinct) ` and ' within
a verbatim environment, use the upquote package. Outside of verbatim, you can use \char18 and
\char13 to get the modified quote characters. (The former is actually a grave accent.)
Similar to Table 328, Table 329 on the next page is an amalgamation of data from other tables in this
document. While Table 328 shows how to typeset the 7-bit ASCII character set, Table 329 shows the Latin 1
(Western European) character set, also known as ISO-8859-1.
The following are some additional notes about the contents of Table 329:
A (tc) after a symbol name means that the textcomp package must be loaded to access that symbol.
A (T1) means that the symbol requires the T1 font encoding. The fontenc package can change the
font encoding document-wide.
Many of the \text. . . accents can also be produced using the accent commands shown in Table 17 on
page 14 plus an empty argument. For instance, \={} is essentially the same as \textasciimacron.
The commands in the LATEX 2 columns work both in body text and within a \texttt{. . .} command
(or, more generally, when \ttfamily is in effect).
The and $ glyphs occupy the same slot (36) of the OT1 font encoding, with appearing in italic
fonts and $ appearing in roman fonts. A problem with LATEXs default handling of this double-mapping
is that {\sffamily\slshape\pounds} produces $, not . Other font encodings use separate slots
for the two characters and are therefore robust to the problem of /$ conflicts. Authors who use
\pounds should select a font encoding other than OT1 (as explained on page 8) or use the textcomp
package, which redefines \pounds to use the TS1 font encoding.
Character 173, \-, is shown as - but is actually a discretionary hyphen; it appears only at the end of
a line.
Microsoft Windows normally uses a superset of Latin 1 called Code Page 1252 or CP1252 for
short. CP1252 introduces symbols in the Latin 1 invalid range (characters 128159). Table 330 presents the
characters with which CP1252 augments the standard Latin 1 table.
The following are some additional notes about the contents of Table 330:
As in Table 329, a (tc) after a symbol name means that the textcomp package must be loaded to access
that symbol. A (T1) means that the symbol requires the T1 font encoding. The fontenc package can
change the font encoding document-wide.
Not all characters in the 128159 range are defined.
Look up euro signs in the index for alternatives to \texteuro.
115
Dec
Hex
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
A1
A2
A3
A4
A5
A6
A7
A8
A9
AA
AB
AC
AD
AE
AF
B0
B1
B2
B3
B4
B5
B6
B7
B8
B9
BA
BB
BC
BD
BE
BF
C0
C1
C2
C3
C4
C5
C6
C7
C8
C9
CA
CB
CC
CD
CE
CF
D0
Char
`
A
`
E
E
`I
I
I
I
LATEX 2
!
\textcent
\pounds
\textcurrency
\textyen
\textbrokenbar
\S
\textasciidieresis
\textcopyright
\textordfeminine
\guillemotleft
\textlnot
\\textregistered
\textasciimacron
\textdegree
\textpm
\texttwosuperior
\textthreesuperior
\textasciiacute
\textmu
\P
\textperiodcentered
\c{}
\textonesuperior
\textordmasculine
\guillemotright
\textonequarter
\textonehalf
\textthreequarters
?
\{A}
\{A}
\^{A}
\~{A}
\"{A}
\AA
\AE
\c{C}
\{E}
\{E}
\^{E}
\"{E}
\{I}
\{I}
\^{I}
\"{I}
\DH
(tc)
(tc)
(tc)
(tc)
(tc)
(T1)
(tc)
(tc)
(tc)
(tc)
(tc)
(tc)
(tc)
(tc)
(tc)
(T1)
(tc)
(tc)
(tc)
(T1)
116
Dec
Hex
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
D7
D8
D9
DA
DB
DC
DD
DE
DF
E0
E1
E2
E3
E4
E5
E6
E7
E8
E9
EA
EB
EC
ED
EE
EF
F0
F1
F2
F3
F4
F5
F6
F7
F8
F9
FA
FB
FC
FD
FE
FF
Char
N
`
O
`
U
`a
a
a
a
a
c
`e
e
e
e
`
`o
o
o
o
o
u
`
u
LATEX 2
\~{N}
\{O}
\{O}
\^{O}
\~{O}
\"{O}
\texttimes
\O
\{U}
\{U}
\^{U}
\"{U}
\{Y}
\TH
\ss
\{a}
\{a}
\^{a}
\~{a}
\"{a}
\aa
\ae
\c{c}
\{e}
\{e}
\^{e}
\"{e}
\{}
\{}
\^{}
\"{}
\dh
\~{n}
\{o}
\{o}
\^{o}
\~{o}
\"{o}
\textdiv
\o
\{u}
\{u}
\^{u}
\"{u}
\{y}
\th
\"{y}
(tc)
(T1)
(T1)
(tc)
(T1)
Hex
128
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
142
80
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
8A
8B
8C
8E
Char
...
LATEX 2
\texteuro
\quotesinglbase
\textit{f}
\quotedblbase
\dots
\dag
\ddag
\textasciicircum
\textperthousand
\v{S}
\guilsinglleft
\OE
\v{Z}
(tc)
(T1)
(T1)
(tc)
(T1)
Dec
Hex
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
158
159
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
9A
9B
9C
9E
9F
Char
LATEX 2
\textbullet
---\textasciitilde
\texttrademark
\v{s}
\guilsinglright
\oe
\v{z}
\"{Y}
(T1)
While too large to incorporate into this document, a listing of ISO 8879:1986 SGML/XML character entities
and their LATEX equivalents is available from http://www.bitjungle.com/~isoent/. Some of the characters
presented there make use of isoent, a LATEX 2 package (available from the same URL) that fakes some of the
missing ISO glyphs using the LATEX picture environment.14
8.7
Unicode characters
Unicode is a universal character seta standard for encoding (i.e., assigning unique numbers to) the symbols
appearing in many of the worlds languages. While ASCII can represent 128 symbols and Latin 1 can represent
256 symbols, Unicode can represent an astonishing 1,114,112 symbols.
Because TEX and LATEX predate the Unicode standard and Unicode fonts by almost a decade, support for
Unicode has had to be added to the base TEX and LATEX systems. Note first that LATEX distinguishes between
input encodingthe characters used in the .tex fileand output encodingthe characters that appear in the
generated .dvi, .pdf, etc. file.
Inputting Unicode characters
To include Unicode characters in a .tex file, load the ucs package and load the inputenc package with the utf8x
(UTF-8 extended) option.15 These packages enable LATEX to translate UTF-8 sequences to LATEX commands,
which are subsequently processed as normal. For example, the UTF-8 text Copyright 2009 is not
an ASCII character and therefore cannot be input directly without packages such as ucs/inputencis converted
internally by inputenc to Copyright \textcopyright{} 2009 and therefore typeset as Copyright 2009.
The ucs/inputenc combination supports only a tiny subset of Unicodes million-plus symbols.
Additional symbols can be added manually using the \DeclareUnicodeCharacter command.
\DeclareUnicodeCharacter takes two arguments: a Unicode number and a LATEX command to execute
when the corresponding Unicode character is encountered in the input. For example, the Unicode character
degree celsius ( ) appears at character position U+2103.16 However, is not one of the characters
that ucs and inputenc recognize. The following document shows how to use \DeclareUnicodeCharacter to
tell LATEX that the character should be treated as a synonym for \textcelsius:
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{ucs}
\usepackage[utf8x]{inputenc}
14 isoent is not featured in this document, because it is not available from CTAN and because the faked symbols are not true
characters; they exist in only one size, regardless of the body texts font size.
15 UTF-8 is the 8-bit Unicode Transformation Format, a popular mechanism for representing Unicode symbol numbers as
sequences of one to four bytes.
16 The Unicode convention is to express character positions as U+hhexadecimal number i.
117
\usepackage{textcomp}
\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{"2103}{\textcelsius}
\begin{document}
It was a balmy 21.
\end{document}
which produces
It was a balmy 21.
See the ucs documentation for more information and for descriptions of the various options that control
ucss behavior.
Outputting Unicode characters
Orthogonal to the ability to include Unicode characters in a LATEX input file is the ability to include a given
Unicode character in the corresponding output file. By far the easiest approach is to use XELATEX instead of
pdfLATEX or ordinary LATEX. XELATEX handles Unicode input and output natively and can utilize system fonts
directly without having to expose them via .tfm, .fd, and other such files. To output a Unicode character,
a XELATEX document can either include that character directly as UTF-8 text or use TEXs \char primitive,
which XELATEX extends to accept numbers larger than 255.
Suppose we want to output the symbols for versicle ( ) and response ( ) in a document. The Unicode
charts list versicle at position U+2123 and response at position U+211F. We therefore need to install a
font that contains those characters at their proper positions. One such font that is freely available from CTAN
is Junicode Regular (Junicode-Regular.ttf) from the junicode package. The fontspec package makes it easy
for a XELATEX document to utilize a system font. The following example defines a \textjuni command that
uses fontspec to typeset its argument in Junicode Regular:
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{fontspec}
\newcommand{\textjuni}[1]{{\fontspec{Junicode-Regular}#1}}
\begin{document}
We use \textjuni{\char"2123} for a versicle
and \textjuni{\char"211F} for a response.
\end{document}
which produces
We use for a versicle and for a response.
(Typesetting the entire document in Junicode Regular would be even easier. See the fontspec documentation
for more information regarding font selection.) Note how the preceding example uses \char to specify a
Unicode character by number. The double quotes before the number indicate that the number is represented
in hexadecimal instead of decimal.
8.8
History David Carlisle wrote the first version of this document in October, 1994. It originally contained
all of the native LATEX symbols (Table 44, Table 57, Table 67, Table 102, Table 128, Table 131, Table 152,
Table 153, Table 164, Table 169, Table 201, and a few tables that have since been reorganized) and was designed
to be nearly identical to the tables in Chapter 3 of Leslie Lamports book [Lam86]. Even the table captions
and the order of the symbols within each table matched! The AMS symbols (Table 45, Table 68, Table 69,
Table 105, Table 106, Table 132, Table 137, Table 148, and Table 202) and an initial Math Alphabets table
(Table 213) were added thereafter. Later, Alexander Holt provided the stmaryrd tables (Table 46, Table 59,
Table 70, Table 108, Table 125, and Table 149).
In January, 2001, Scott Pakin took responsibility for maintaining the symbol list and has since implemented
a complete overhaul of the document. The result, now called, The Comprehensive LATEX Symbol List,
includes the following new features:
118
the addition of a handful of new math alphabets, dozens of new font tables, and thousands of new
symbols
the categorization of the symbol tables into body-text symbols, mathematical symbols, science and
technology symbols, dingbats, ancient languages, and other symbols, to provide a more user-friendly
document structure
an index, table of contents, hyperlinks, and a frequently-requested symbol list, to help users quickly
locate symbols
symbol tables rewritten to list the symbols in alphabetical order
appendices providing additional information relevant to using symbols in LATEX
tables showing how to typeset all of the characters in the ASCII and Latin 1 font encodings
Furthermore, the internal structure of the document has been completely altered from David Carlisles original
version. Most of the changes are geared towards making the document easier to extend, modify, and reformat.
Build characteristics Table 331 lists some of this documents build characteristics. Most important is the list
of packages that LATEX couldnt find, but that symbols.tex otherwise would have been able to take advantage
of. Complete, prebuilt versions of this document are available from CTAN (http://www.ctan.org/ or one
of its many mirror sites) in the directory tex-archive/info/symbols/comprehensive. Table 332 shows the
package date (specified in the .sty file with \ProvidesPackage) for each package that was used to build this
document and that specifies a package date. Packages are not listed in any particular order in either Table 331
or Table 332.
Table 331: Document Characteristics
Characteristic
Value
Source file:
Build date:
Symbols documented:
Packages included:
symbols.tex
November 9, 2009
5913
textcomp latexsym amssymb stmaryrd euscript wasysym
pifont manfnt bbding undertilde ifsym tipa tipx extraipa
wsuipa phonetic ulsy ar metre txfonts mathabx fclfont
skak ascii dingbat skull eurosym esvect yfonts yhmath
esint mathdots trsym universa upgreek overrightarrow
chemarr chemarrow nath trfsigns mathtools phaistos arcs
vietnam t4phonet holtpolt semtrans dictsym extarrows
protosem harmony hieroglf cclicenses mathdesign arev
MnSymbol cmll extpfeil keystroke fge turnstile simpsons
epsdice feyn universal staves igo colonequals shuffle fourier
dozenal pmboxdraw pigpen clock teubner linearA linearb
cypriot sarabian china2e harpoon steinmetz milstd recycle
DotArrow ushort hhcount ogonek combelow accents
nicefrac bm mathrsfs chancery calligra bbold mbboard
dsfont bbm
none
Packages omitted:
Date
textcomp
latexsym
2005/09/27
1998/08/17
119
Name
Date
amssymb
stmaryrd
euscript
wasysym
pifont
manfnt
bbding
undertilde
ifsym
tipa
tipx
wsuipa
metre
txfonts
mathabx
skak
ascii
dingbat
skull
eurosym
yfonts
mathdots
trsym
universa
upgreek
chemarr
mathtools
phaistos
arcs
t4phonet
semtrans
dictsym
extarrows
protosem
harmony
hieroglf
cclicenses
arev
MnSymbol
extpfeil
keystroke
fge
turnstile
epsdice
feyn
universal
colonequals
shuffle
pmboxdraw
pigpen
clock
teubner
2002/01/22
1994/03/03
2001/10/01
2003/10/30
2005/04/12
1999/07/01
1999/04/15
2000/08/08
2000/04/18
2002/08/08
2003/01/01
1994/07/16
2001/12/05
2008/01/22
2003/07/29
2008/10/09
2006/05/30
2001/04/27
2002/01/23
1998/08/06
2003/01/08
2006/03/16
2000/06/25
98/08/01
2003/02/12
2006/02/20
2008/08/01
2004/04/23
2004/05/09
2004/06/01
1998/02/10
2004/07/26
2008/05/15
2005/03/18
2007/05/03
2000/09/23
2005/05/20
2005/06/14
2007/01/21
2006/07/27
2003/08/15
2007/06/03
2007/06/23
2007/02/15
2008/02/29
97/12/24
2006/08/01
2008/10/27
2006/05/03
2008/12/07
2001/04/10
2008/02/10
120
8.9
Name
Date
linearA
linearb
cypriot
sarabian
china2e
harpoon
steinmetz
DotArrow
ushort
hhcount
ogonek
combelow
accents
nicefrac
bm
calligra
2006/03/13
2005/06/22
1999/06/20
2005/11/12
1997/06/01
1994/11/02
2009/06/14
2007/02/12
2001/06/13
1995/03/31
95/07/17
2009/08/23
2006/05/12
1998/08/04
2004/02/26
1996/07/18
121
References
[AMS99] American Mathematical Society. Users Guide for the amsmath Package (Version 2.0), December 13,
1999. Available from ftp://ftp.ams.org/pub/tex/doc/amsmath/amsldoc.pdf.
[Ber01]
Karl Berry. Fontname: Filenames for TEX fonts, June 2001. Available from http://www.ctan.org/
tex-archive/info/fontname.
[Che97]
[Dow00] Michael Downes. Short math guide for LATEX, July 19, 2000. Version 1.07. Available from http://
www.ams.org/tex/short-math-guide.html.
[Gib97]
Jeremy Gibbons. Heyit works! TUGboat, 18(2):7578, June 1997. Available from http://
www.tug.org/TUGboat/Articles/tb18-2/tb55works.pdf.
[Knu86a] Donald E. Knuth. The TEXbook, volume A of Computers and Typesetting. Addison-Wesley, Reading,
MA, USA, 1986.
[Knu86b] Donald E. Knuth. The METAFONTbook, volume C of Computers and Typesetting. Addison-Wesley,
Reading, MA, USA, 1986.
[Lam86] Leslie Lamport. LATEX: A document preparation system. Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, USA, 1986.
[LAT98]
LATEX3 Project Team. A new math accent. LATEX News. Issue 9, June 1998. Available from
http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/doc/ltnews09.pdf (also included in many TEX
distributions).
[LAT00]
LATEX3 Project Team. LATEX 2 font selection, January 30, 2000. Available from http://
www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/doc/fntguide.ps (also included in many TEX distributions).
122
Index
If youre having trouble locating a symbol, try looking under T for \text. . .. Many text-mode commands begin
with that prefix. Also, accents are shown over/under a gray box (e.g., a
for \).
Some symbol entries appear to be listed repeatedly. This happens when multiple packages define identical (or nearly
identical) glyphs with the same symbol name.17
\" (
a)
\# (#)
\$ ($)
\% (%)
\& (&)
\ (
a)
( (() .
..
.
..
.
.
..
..
Symbols
........
........
........
........
........
........
........
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. . . 14
9, 114
9, 114
9, 114
9, 114
. . . 14
. . . 54
( (() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
) ()) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
) ()) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
* (*) .
\, . . .
\- (-)
\. (a)
/ (/) .
.
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. . . . 23
. . . 113
115, 116
. . . . 14
. . . . 54
/ (/) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
\:
\;
( ..) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
.
( ..) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
< () . . .
..
\? ( ..) . .
[ ([) . . .
[ ( ) . .
\\ .. . . .
] (]) . . .
] ( ) . .
a) . .
\^ (
\^{} ()
\| (k) . .
\| (k) . .
\| (a
) . .
\= (
a) . .
\={} ()
RR
RR
| ( RRR) . .
| (|) . . .
\_ ( ) . .
\{ ({) . .
\} (}) . .
\ (`
a) . .
\~ (
a) . .
\~{} ()
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
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. . . . . . . . 55
30, 54, 56, 57
. . . . . 9, 115
. . . 9, 54, 115
. . . 9, 54, 115
. . . . . . . . 14
. . . . . . . . 14
. . . . . 9, 115
A
a (esvect package option)
\a () . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
\AA (
A) . . . . . . . . . . . . .
\aa (
a) . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17 This
. . . 55
. . . 14
9, 115
. . . 54
54, 56
. . . 14
. . . 14
. . 115
.
.
.
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.
.
.
.
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.
.
.
61
95
10
10
\AAaleph (A) . . . . . . . . . . . 81
\AAayin (O) . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
\AAbeth (B) . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
==
\AAcht ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
\AAdaleth (D) . . . . . . . . . . . 81
\AAhe (E) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
\AAhelmet (V) . . . . . . . . . . 81
\AAheth (h) . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
\AAkaph (K) . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
\AAlamed (L) . . . . . . . . . . . 81
\Aaleph (a) . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
\AApe (P) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
\AAqoph (Q) . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
\AAresh (R) . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
\AAsade (X) . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
\Aayin (o) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
\AAyod (Y) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
\Abeth (b) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
absolute value . see \lvert and
\rvert
abz
uglich . . see \textdiscount
\AC (:) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
\acarc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
\acbar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
accents . . 1418, 5761, 71, 89,
107109
acute (
a) . . . . . . 1418, 57
any character as . . . . . 107
a) . . . . . 1417, 59, 60
arc (
breve (
a) . . . . . . 1418, 57
caron (
a) . . . 14, 18, 57, 60
cedilla () . . . . . . . . . . 14
circumflex (
a) 1416, 57, 59,
60
comma-below (a,) . . . . . 17
diresis (
a)
14, 17, 18, 57,
68
dot (a or . ) . . . . 1416, 57
double acute (
a) . . . 14, 18
extensible . . . . 5961, 63,
108109
grave (`
a) . . . . . . 1418, 57
h
acek . . see accents, caron
hook () . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Hungarian umlaut . . . see
accents, double acute
krouzek . . see accents, ring
macron (
a) . 14, 17, 18, 57,
59, 60
multiple per character 1516,
107
ogonek ( ) . . . . . . . 1417
ring (
a) . 1416, 18, 57, 58
123
\AchtBL ( )== . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
\AchtBR ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
\ACK () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
\acontraction . . . . . . . . . 109
\AcPa (? ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
\actuarial ( ) . . . . . . . . . 108
actuarial symbols . . . . . . . 108
\acute () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
acute (
a) . . . . . . . . see accents
\acutus (a
) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
\Adaleth (d) . . . . . . . . . . . 81
adeles (A) . see alphabets, math
adjoint () . . . . . . . . . see \dag
Adobe Acrobat . . . . . . . . . 112
.
\adots ( . . ) . . . . . . . . 64, 107
advancing . see \textadvancing
\AE () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
\ae () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
\aeolicbii () . . . . . . . . . . 95
\aeolicbiii () . . . . . . . . 95
\aeolicbiv () . . . . . . . . 95
\agemO (0) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
\Agimel (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
\Ahe (e) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
\Ahelmet (v) . . . . . . . . . . . 81
\Aheth (H) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
\ain (s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
\Akaph (k) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
\Alad (}) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
\alad (}) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
\Alamed (l) . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
\Alas ({) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
\alas ({) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
\aldine (o) . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
\aldineleft (m) . . . . . . . . . 78
\aldineright (n) . . . . . . . . 78
\aldinesmall (j) . . . . . . . . 78
\aleph () . . . . . . . . . . 51, 65
\aleph () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
\Alif (-) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
\alpha () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
alphabets
African . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Cypriot . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
Cyrillic . . . . . . . . . . . 103
Greek . . . . . 50, 51, 68, 87
Hebrew . . . . . . . . . 51, 68
hieroglyphic . . . . . . . . . 82
Linear A . . . . . . . . . . . 82
Linear B . . . . . . . . . . . 85
math . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
phonetic . . . . . . . . 1114
proto-Semitic . . . . . . . . 81
South Arabian . . . . . . . 87
Vietnamese . . . . . . . . . 10
\alphaup () . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
alpine symbols . . . . . . . . . . . 91
\Alt ( Alt ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
alternative denial . see \uparrow
and |
\AltGr ( AltGr ) . . . . . . . . . 72
\amalg (q) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
\amalg () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
\Amem (m) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
ampersand . . . . . . . . . . see \&
AMS . 8, 10, 22, 26, 30, 31, 36,
38, 39, 41, 4954, 58, 59, 61,
6466, 69, 100, 118
amsbsy (package) . . . . . . . . 113
amsfonts (package) 22, 30, 36, 41,
65, 68
amsmath (package) . . 8, 49, 58,
104, 112
amssymb (package) 8, 22, 30, 36,
41, 58, 65, 68, 87, 119, 120,
123
amstext (package) . . . . 105, 106
\Anaclasis () . . . . . . . . . . 95
\anaclasis () . . . . . . . . . . 95
\anceps () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
\ancepsdbrevis () . . . . . . . 95
\anchor ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 80
ancient-language symbols 8187
and . . . . . . . . . . . . . see \wedge
AND gates . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
\ANDd () . . . . . . . . . . . 73
\ANDl () . . . . . . . . . . 73
\ANDr () . . . . . . . . . . 73
\ANDu () .
\angle () . . .
\angle (6 ) . . .
\angle () . . .
angle notation .
angles . . . . . . .
\Anglesign (W)
Angstr
om unit
math mode
text mode
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. . 73
. . 66
. . 65
. . 66
. . 70
6567
. . . 67
see \mathring
. . . . . . see \AA
\Angud (i) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
\angud (i) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
angular minutes . . . . see \prime
angular seconds . . . see \second
\Angus (h) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
\angus (h) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
animals . . . . . . . . . . . 81, 82, 86
\Ankh () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
annuity symbols . . . . . . . . 108
\Antidiple (<) . . . . . . . . . . 95
\antidiple (<) . . . . . . . . . . 95
) . . . . . . . . . 95
\Antidiple* (<
\antidiple* (<
) . . . . . . . . . 95
\antilabe (.. .. ) . . . . . . . . . . 64
\Antisigma () . . . . . . . . . . 95
\antisigma () . . . . . . . . . . 95
\Anun (n) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
\Ape (p) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
APL
modifiers . . . . . . . . . . . 71
symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
\APLbox (~) . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
\APLcirc () . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
\APLcomment () . . . . . . . . . 71
\APLdown (F) . . . . . . . . . . . 71
\APLdownarrowbox (o) . . . . 71
\APLinput (}) . . . . . . . . . . 71
\APLinv (
~) . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
\APLleftarrowbox (p) . . . . 71
\APLlog () . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
\APLminus () . . . . . . . . . . 71
\APLnot () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
\APLrightarrowbox (q) . . . . 71
\APLstar (E) . . . . . . . . . . . 71
\APLup ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
\APLuparrowbox (n) . . . . . . 71
\APLvert ( | ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
\apprge (?) . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
\apprle (>) . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
\approx () . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
\approx () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
\approxcolon (:) . . . . . . . 36
\approxcoloncolon (::) . . . 36
\approxeq (u) . . . . . . . . . . 30
\approxeq () . . . . . . . . . . . 32
\Aqoph (q) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
\Aquarius () . . . . . . . . . . 71
\aquarius (e) . . . . . . . . . . 71
\AR ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
ar (package) . . . . . . . . 70, 119
arc (
a) . . . . . . . . . see accents
\arccos (arccos) . . . . . . . . . 49
arcminutes . . . . . . . see \prime
arcs (package) . . . . 17, 119, 120
arcseconds . . . . . . . see \second
\arcsin (arcsin) . . . . . . . . . 49
\arctan (arctan) . . . . . . . . . 49
\Aresh (r) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
arev (package) . 67, 88, 119, 120
\arg (arg) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
\Aries (P) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
\Aries () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
\aries () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
124
y
{
z
w
x
\ArrowBoldDownRight ( ) . 75
\ArrowBoldRightCircled ( ) 75
\ArrowBoldRightShort ( ) . . 75
\ArrowBoldRightStrobe ( ) 75
\ArrowBoldUpRight ( ) . . . 75
\Arrownot (Y) . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
\arrownot (X) . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
arrows 4143, 47, 6163, 72, 75,
81, 86, 90, 103
diagonal, for reducing subexpressions . . . . . . . . . . 59
dotted . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
double-headed, diagonal 106
extensible . . . . . . . 5963
fletched . . . . . . . . . 47, 75
negated w. . . . . . . 41, 42, 44
\Arrowvert (w) . . . . . . . . . 54
X
X
X
X
\Arrowvert (X
X
X) . . . . . . . . . 55
\arrowvert () . . . . . . . . . . 54
RR
RR
\arrowvert ( RRR) . . . . . . . . . . 55
Arseneau, Donald
104, 106108
\Asade (x) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
\Asamekh (s) . . . . . . . . . . . 81
ASCII . . 8, 10, 72, 100, 114115,
117, 119
table . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
ascii (package) 72, 115, 119, 120
\ascnode () . . . . . . . . . . . 71
\Ashin (S) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
aspect ratio . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
\ast () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
\ast () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
\ast () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
\Asteriscus (
) . . . . . . . . . 95
\asteriscus (
) . . . . . . . . . 95
\Asterisk () . . . . . . . . . . 23
\Asterisk ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 78
\asterisk () . . . . . . . . . . . 23
\AsteriskBold ( ) . . . . . . . 78
\AsteriskCenterOpen ( ) . . 78
\AsteriskRoundedEnds ( ) . 78
asterisks . . . . . . . . . . . . 23, 78
\AsteriskThin ( ) . . . . . . . 78
\AsteriskThinCenterOpen ( )
. . . . . . . . . 78
\asterism (**
* ) . . . . . . . . . 104
astrological symbols . . . . . . . 71
astronomical symbols . . . 71, 98
\astrosun () . . . . . . . . . . 71
\asymp () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
\asymp () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
\atan (atan) . . . . . . . . . . . 113
\ataribox (m) . . . . . . . . . . . 88
\Atav (t) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
\Ateth (T) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
\AtForty () . . . . . . . . . . 90
\AtNinetyFive () . . . . . . 90
atomic math objects . . 49, 113
\AtSixty () . . . . . . . . . . 90
A
C
B
X
\autoleftarrow (DGGGGG) . . . 62
\autoleftrightharpoons
GG )
(E
GGGGGC
. . . . . . . . . . . 62
\autorightarrow (GGGGGA)
. . 62
\autorightleftharpoons
GGGGGB
(F
GG )
\Avav (w) . .
average . . . .
\Ayn (,) . . .
\Ayod (y) . .
\Azayin (z)
. . . . . . . . . . . 62
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B
\B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
\B () . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
\b ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
\Ba (a) . . . . . . . . . . . .
babel (package) . . . . . . .
\babygamma (!) . . . . . . .
\backapprox () . . . . . .
\backapproxeq () . . . .
\backcong () . . . . . . . .
\backepsilon () . . . . .
\backeqsim () . . . . . . .
\backneg () . . . . . . . . .
\backprime (8) . . . . . . .
\backprime () . . . . . . .
\backsim (v) . . . . . . . .
\backsim () . . . . . . . . .
\backsimeq (w) . . . . . .
\backsimeq () . . . . . . .
\backslash (\) . . . . . . .
\backslash (/)
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81
21
14
81
81
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..
..
..
..
..
..
50,
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
54,
10
95
61
14
95
85
87
13
32
32
32
30
32
66
66
66
30
32
30
32
65
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.
. . . . . . . . . 55
\backslashdiv () . . . . . . . 23
\backtriplesim () . . . . . . . 32
\Baii (;) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
\Baiii (<) . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
banana brackets . . . . . . . . . . .
. see \llparenthesis and
\rrparenthesis
\banceps () . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
\bar () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
\barb () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
\barbbrevis () . . . . . . . . 95
\barbrevis () . . . . . . . . . . 95
\barcirc (
) . . . . . . . . . . 104
\bard () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
\bari (') . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
\barin (V) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
\barj (j) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
\barl (.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
\barlambda () . . . . . . . . . . 13
\barleftharpoon () . . . . . 43
\baro () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
\baro ( vs. <) . . . . . . . . . 101
\baro (<) . . . . . . . . . .
\barp (A) . . . . . . . . . .
barred letters . . . . . . .
\barrightharpoon ()
\barsci (+) . . . . . . . . .
\barscu (X) . . . . . . . .
\Bart (
)
\baru (T) . . . . .
\barwedge (X) .
\barwedge (Z) . .
base-twelve digits
\Bat () . . . . . .
\Bau (=) . . . . .
\bauarrow ( ) .
\baucircle ( ) .
\baucircle ( )
\baucross ( ) .
\baudash ( ) . .
\baueclipse ( )
\bauequal ( ) .
\bauface ( ) . .
\bauforms ( ) .
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. 13
. 13
104
. 43
. 13
. 13
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96
13
23
22
65
90
85
75
80
80
77
90
80
90
90
90
\bauforms (
) . . . . . . . . . 90
\bauhead ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 90
\bauhead (
) . . . . . . . . . . 90
\bauhole ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 80
\bauplus ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 90
\baupunct ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 80
\bauquarter ( ) . . . . . . . . . 90
\bauquestion ( ) . . . . . . . . 90
\bausquare ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 80
\bausquare ( ) . . . . . . . . . 80
\bautriangle ( ) . . . . . . . . 80
\bautriangle ( ) . . . . . . . . 80
\bauwhitearrow ( ) . . . . . . 75
\bauwindow ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 90
\BB ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
\Bb ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
\bB ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
\bb ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
\bba () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
\bbalpha () . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
\bbar (
b) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
\bbb () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
\bbbeta () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
\Bbbk (k) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
bbding (package) 7578, 80, 101,
119, 120
\bbdollar ($) . . . . . . . . . . . 68
\bbetter (g) . . . . . . . . . . . 93
\bbeuro () . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
\bbfinalnun () . . . . . . . . . 68
\bbgamma (
) . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
bbgreekl (mathbbol package option) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
\BBm ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
\Bbm (
) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
\bBm (
bbm (package)
. . . . . . . 68, 119
125
\bbm ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
\bbmb (
\bbmx ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
() . . . . . . . . . . . 68
\bbnabla
bbold (package) . . . . . . 68, 119
\bbpe () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
\bbqof () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
\bbrevis () . . . . . . . . . . . 95
\bbslash (
) . . . . . . . . . . . 22
\bbyod () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
\bcontraction . . . . . . . . . 109
\Bda (d) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
\Bde (D) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
\bdecisive (i) . . . . . . . . . 93
\Bdi (f) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
\Bdo (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
\Bdu (x) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
\Bdwe (>) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
\Bdwo (?) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
\Be (e) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
\Beam (") . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
\Bearing (#) . . . . . . . . . . . 73
\because () . . . . . . . . 30, 64
\because () . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
\BEL () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
\bell (
) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
Berry, Karl . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
\beta () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
\betaup () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
\beth (i) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
\beth () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
\betteris (b) . . . . . . . . . . 93
\between ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
\between (G) . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
\between () . . . . . . . . . . . 32
\Bi (i) . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
\bibridge (a
) . . . . . . . . . . . 16
biconditional . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. see \leftrightarrow and
\equiv
\Bicycle () . . . . . . . . . . . 90
\Big . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100, 102
\big . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100, 102
big O (O) . see alphabets, math
\bigast () . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
\bigbosonloop ()
. . . . . . . . 74
\bigbosonloopA ()
. . . . . . . 74
\bigbosonloopV
() . . . .
e
\bigbox ( ) . . . .
.....
\bigboxasterisk (
) ..
\bigboxbackslash
(
) .
\bigboxbot (
) ......
\bigboxcirc ( ) . .
...
\bigboxcoasterisk
(
)
\bigboxdiv () . . . . . .
\bigboxdot (
) ......
\bigboxleft (
) .....
\bigboxminus
( ) ....
\bigboxplus ( ) . . . . .
.
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74
26
26
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
\bigboxright () . . . . . . . 27
\bigboxslash () . . . . . . . 26
\bigboxtimes( ) . . . . . . . 26
\bigboxtop ( ) . . .
. . . . . . 26
\bigboxtriangleup
(
) . . . 26
\bigboxvoid
(
)
.
.
.
. . . . . 27
T
\bigcap ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
\bigcap () . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
\bigcapdot () . . . . . . . . . . 29
\bigcapplus ($) . . . . . . . . . 29
\bigcirc (
) . . . . . . . . . . . 22
\bigcirc () . . . . . . . . . . . 79
\BigCircle ( ) . . . . . . . . . 79
\bigcircle () . . . . . . . . . 29
\bigcoast () . . .. . . . . . . 23
\bigcomplementop ( ) . . . . . 27
\BigCrossS( ) . . . . . . . . . . 79
\bigcup ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
\bigcup () . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
\bigcupdot () . . . . . . . . . . 29
\bigcupplus () . . . . . . . . 29
\bigcupplus ()
. . . . . . . . . 29
\bigcurlyvee (b ) . . . . . . . . 26
\bigcurlyvee ( ) . . . . . . . . 26
\bigcurlyvee () . . . . . . . . 29
\bigcurlyveedot
() . . . . . 29
\bigcurlywedge (c ) . . . . . . 26
\bigcurlywedge ( ) . . . . . . 26
\bigcurlywedge () . . . . . . 29
\bigcurlywedgedot () . . . . 29
\BigDiamondshape ( ) . . . . 79
\bigdoublecurlyvee () . . . 29
\bigdoublecurlywedge () . 29
\bigdoublevee () . . . . . . . 29
\bigdoublewedge () . . . . . 29
\Bigg . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100, 102
\bigg . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100, 102
\BigHBar ( ) . . g. . . . . . . . . 79
\biginterleave ( ) . . . . . . 26
\BigLowerDiamond ( ) . . . . 79
\bignplus ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 26
\bigoast () .
. . . . . . . . . . 29
\bigoasterisk (
) . . . . . . . 27
\bigobackslash ( ) . . . . . . 27
\bigobackslash
() . . . . . . 29
\bigobot (
) . . . . . . . . . . . 27
\bigocirc ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 27
\bigocirc () . .
. . . . . . . . 29
\bigocoasterisk
(
) . . . . . 27
\bigodiv (J) . . . . . . . . . . . 27
\bigodot ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 25
\bigodot ()
. . . . . . . . . . . 29
\bigoleft (
) . . . . . . . . . . 27
\bigominus ( ) . . . . . . . . . 27
\bigominus L
() . . . . . . . . . 29
\bigoplus ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 25
\bigoplus ()
. . . . . . . . . . 29
\bigoright () . . . . . . . . . 26
\bigoslash ( ) . . . . . . . . . 26
\bigoslash () . . . . . . . . . 29
\bigostar () . . . . . . . . . . 29
&
\bigotimes ( ) . . . . . . . . . 25
\bigotimes() . . . . . . . . . 29
\bigotop ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 26
\bigotriangle (F). . . . . . . 29
\bigotriangleup ( ) . . . . . 26
\bigovert ()
. . . . . . . . . . 29
\bigovoid ( ) f . . . . . . . . . . 27
\bigparallel
( ) . . . . . . . . 26
\bigparr () . . . . . . . . . . . 30
\bigplus ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 27
\bigplus (+) . . . . . . . . . . . 29
\BigRightDiamond
( ) . . . . 79
\bigsqcap ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 26
\bigsqcap ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 26
\bigsqcap () . . . . . . . . . . . 29
\bigsqcapdot (,) . . . . . . . . 29
\bigsqcapplus ( ) . . . . . . . 27
\bigsqcapplus
F (0) . . . . . . . 29
\bigsqcup ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 25
\bigsqcup () . . . . . . . . . . . 29
\bigsqcupdot (.) . . . . . . . . 29
\bigsqcupplus ( ) . . . . . . . 27
\bigsqcupplus (2) . . . . . . . 29
\BigSquare ( ) . . . . . . . . . 79
\bigsquplus ( ) . . . . . . . . . 27
\bigstar () . . . . . . . . . . . 23
\bigstar (F) . . . . . . . . . . . 66
\bigstar ()
. . . . . . . . . . . 79
\bigtimes ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 27
\bigtimes () . . . . . . . . . . . 29
\BigTriangleDown (` ) . . . . 79
\bigtriangledown ( ) . `
. . . 26
\bigtriangledown (5 vs. ) 101
\bigtriangledown (5) . . . . 22
\bigtriangledown () . . . . 40
\BigTriangleLeft ( ) . . . . 79
\BigTriangleRight ( ) . . . 79
\BigTriangleUp (a ) . . . . . . 79
\bigtriangleup ( ) . .a. . . . 26
\bigtriangleup (4 vs. )
101
\bigtriangleup (4) . . . . . . 22
\bigtriangleup
U () . . . . . . 40
\biguplus ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 25
\biguplus () . . . . . . . . . . 29
\bigvarstar () . . . . . . . . . 23
\BigVBar W
( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 79
\bigvee ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
\bigvee () . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
\bigveedot V
(
) . . . . . . . . . . 29
\bigwedge ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 25
\bigwedge () . . . . . . . . . . . 29
\bigwedgedot
() . . . . . . . . 29
\bigwith ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 30
\binampersand (N) . . . . . . . 22
binary operators . . . . . . 2225
binary relations . . 3032, 3439,
47, 48
negated . . . . . . . . . 3133
\bindnasrepma (O) . . . . . . . 22
\Biohazard (h) . . . . . . . . . 74
biological symbols . . . . . . . . 74
126
"
$
birds . . . . . . . . .
bishop . . . . . . . .
\bishoppair (a)
\Bja (j) . . . . . .
\Bje (J) . . . . . .
\Bjo (b) . . . . . .
\Bju (L) . . . . .
\Bka (k) . . . . .
\Bke (K) . . . . .
\Bki (c) . . . . .
\Bko (h) . . . . . .
\Bku (v) . . . . . .
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a)
\BlackBishopOnWhite (b)
\BlackBishopOnBlack (
82
94
93
85
85
85
85
85
85
85
85
85
94
94
blackboard bold
see alphabets,
math
\blackdiamond () . . . . . . . 23
Z) .
\BlackKingOnBlack (j) .
\BlackKingOnWhite (k) .
\BlackKnightOnBlack (m)
\BlackKnightOnWhite (n)
\BlackEmptySquare (
94
94
94
94
94
\blacklozenge () . . . . . . . 66
\blacklozenge () . . . . . . . 79
o) .
\BlackPawnOnWhite (p) .
\BlackQueenOnBlack (l)
\BlackQueenOnWhite (q)
\BlackRookOnBlack (s) .
\BlackRookOnWhite (r) .
\BlackPawnOnBlack (
\blacksmiley (-) . . . . . .
\blacksquare () . . . . . .
\blacksquare () . . . . . .
\blackstone . . . . . . . . . .
\blacktriangle (N) . . . .
\blacktriangle () . . . .
\blacktriangledown () .
\blacktriangledown (H) .
\blacktriangledown () .
\blacktriangleleft () .
\blacktriangleleft (J) .
\blacktriangleleft () .
\blacktriangleright ()
\blacktriangleright (I)
\blacktriangleright ()
\blacktriangleup () . . .
.
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.
94
94
94
94
94
94
88
66
25
94
66
40
25
66
40
25
39
40
25
39
40
25
bm (package)
. . . . 113, 119, 121
\bm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
\bm ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
\Bma (m) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
\Bme (M) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
\Bmi (y) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
\Bmo (A) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
\bmod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
\Bmu (B) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
\Bna (n) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
\BNc () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
\BNcc () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
\BNccc () . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
\BNcd () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
\BNcm (ff) . . . . . . . . . . . 85
\BNd () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
\BNdc () . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
\BNdcc () . . . . . . . . . . . 85
\BNdccc () . . . . . . . . . . 85
\Bne (N) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
\BNi () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
\Bni (C) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
\BNii () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
\BNiii () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
\BNiv () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
\BNix () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
\BNl () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
\BNlx () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
\BNlxx () . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
\BNlxxx () . . . . . . . . . . . 85
\BNm (fi) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
\Bno (E) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
\Bnu (F) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
\BNv () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
\BNvi () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
\BNvii () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
\BNviii () . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
\Bnwa (@) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
\BNx () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
\BNxc () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
\BNxl () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
\BNxx () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
\BNxxx () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
\Bo (o) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
body-text symbols . . . . . . 920
127
\boy (D) . . . . . . . .
\Bpa (p) . . . . . . . .
\Bpaiii ([) . . . . .
\BPamphora () . . .
\BParrow () . . . .
\BPbarley () . . . .
\BPbilly () . . . .
\BPboar () . . . . .
\BPbronze () . . .
\BPbull () . . . . .
\BPcauldroni ()
\BPcauldronii ()
\BPchariot () .
\BPchassis () .
\BPcloth () . . . .
\BPcow () . . . . .
\BPcup () . . . . .
\Bpe (P) . . . . . . . .
\BPewe () . . . . .
\BPfoal () . . . .
\BPgoat () . . . . .
\BPgoblet () . . .
\BPgold () . . . . .
\BPhorse () . . .
\Bpi (G) . . . . . . . .
\BPman () . . . . . .
\BPnanny () . . . .
\Bpo (H) . . . . . . . .
\BPolive () . . . .
\BPox () . . . . . .
\BPpig () . . . . .
\BPram () . . . . .
\BPsheep () . . . .
\BPsow () . . . . .
\BPspear () . . . .
\BPsword () . . . . .
\BPtalent () . .
\Bpte (]) . . . . . .
\Bpu (I) . . . . . . . .
\Bpuii (\) . . . . .
\BPvola () . . . .
\BPvolb () . . . . .
\BPvolcd () . . . .
\BPvolcf () . . . .
\BPwheat () . . . .
\BPwheel () . . . .
\BPwine () . . . . .
\BPwineiih () . .
\BPwineiiih () .
\BPwineivh () . .
\BPwoman () . . . .
\BPwool () . . . . .
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71
85
85
86
86
86
86
86
86
86
86
86
86
86
86
86
86
85
86
86
86
86
86
86
85
86
86
85
86
86
86
86
86
86
86
86
85
85
85
85
85
85
85
85
86
86
86
86
86
86
86
86
\BPwtc () . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
\BPwtd ()
. . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
\Bqa (q) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
\Bqe (Q) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
\Bqi (X) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
\Bqo (8) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
\Bra (r) . . . . . .
bra . . . . . . . . . .
\braceld (z) . . .
\bracerd ({) . . .
\bracevert (
)
\bracevert (
)
brackets . . . . . .
.
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. 85
. 54
109
109
. 54
. . . . . . . . . 55
. see delimiters
\Braii (^) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
\Braiii (_) . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
braket (package) . . . . . . . . . 54
\Bre (R) . . . .
\Break ( Break
\breve () . .
\breve (a
) . .
breve (
a) . . . .
\brevis () .
..
)
..
..
..
..
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.
...
...
...
...
see
....
. . . 85
. . . 72
. . . 57
. . . 17
accents
. . . 95
\Bri (O) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
\Bro (U) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
\Broii () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
\brokenvert (|) . . . . . . . . . . 88
Bronger, Torsten . . . . . . . . 105
\Bru (V) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
\BS () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
\Bsa (s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
\Bse (S) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
\BSEfree (n) . . . . . . . . . . . 74
\Bsi (Y) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
\Bso (1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
\BSpace ( 7 ) . . . . . . . . . 72
\Bsu (2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
\Bswa ({) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
\Bswi (|)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
\Bta (t) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
\Btaii (})
. . . . . . . . . . . . 85
\Bte (T) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
\Bti (3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
\Bto (4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
\Btu (5) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
\Btwe () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
\Btwo (~)
\Bu (u)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
\BUFd () . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
buffers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
\BUFl ()
. . . . . . . . . . . . 73
\BUFr ()
. . . . . . . . . . . . 73
\BUFu () . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
\BUi (fl) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
\BUii (ffi) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
\BUiii (ffl) . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
\BUiv () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
\BUix (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
\bullet () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
\bullet () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
bullseye . . . see \textbullseye
\Bumpedeq () . . . . . . . . . . 32
\bumpedeq () . . . . . . . . . . 32
\Bumpeq (m) . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
\Bumpeq () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
\bumpeq (l) . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
\bumpeq () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
\bupperhand (e) . . . . . . . . . 93
\Burns (
\BusWidth ( )
\BUv (!) . . . .
\BUvi (") . . .
\BUvii (#) .
\BUviii ($)
\BUx (&) . . .
\BUxi () . .
\BUxii () . .
\Bwa (w) . . . .
\Bwe (W) . . . .
\Bwi (6) . . . .
\Bwo (7) . . . .
\Bza (z) . . .
\Bze (Z) . . . .
\Bzo (9) . . . .
.
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96
73
86
86
86
86
86
86
86
85
85
85
85
85
85
85
C
\C ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
c (esvect package option) . . . 61
\c (a) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14, 116
\c ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
\Ca (a) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
calligra (package) . . 68, 119, 121
Calligra (font) . . . . . . . . . . . 68
calrsfs (package) . . . . . . . . . 68
\CAN () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
cancel (package) . . . . . . . . . 59
\Cancer () . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
\cancer (_) . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
\Cap (e) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
\Cap () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
\cap (X) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
\cap () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
\cap () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
\capdot () . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
\capplus (?) . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
\Capricorn () . . . . . . . . . . 71
128
\capricornus (d) . . . . . . . . 71
\capturesymbol (X) . . . . . . 93
card suits . . . . . . . . . 6567, 80
cardinality . . . . . . . see \aleph
care of (c/o) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
caret . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . see \^
Carlisle, David . . . . 1, 118, 119
caron (
a) . . . . . . . . see accents
carriage return . . . . 72, 80, 103
\carriagereturn ( ) . . . . . 80
Cartesian product . . see \times
castle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
\castlingchar (O) . . . . . . . 93
\castlinghyphen (-) . . . . . . 93
\catal () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
\Catalexis () . . . . . . . . . . 95
\catalexis () . . . . . . . . . . 95
catamorphism . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. see \llparenthesis and
\rrparenthesis
\cb (a,) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
\Cc ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
CC
\cc (
) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
\cc ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
BY:
\ccby (
) . . . . . . . . . . . 19
\Ccc ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
cclicenses (package) 19, 119, 120
$
\ccnc (
) . . . . . . . . . . . 19
=
\ccnd (
) . . . . . . . . . . . 19
\ccsa (
) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
\cdot () . . . . . . . . . . . 22, 104
\cdot () . . . . . . . . . . . . 23, 64
\cdotp () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
\cdotp () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
\cdots ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
\Ce (e) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
Cedi . see \textcolonmonetary
cedilla () . . . . . . . see accents
celestial bodies . . . . . . . 71, 98
\celsius () . . . . . . . . . . . 70
\Celtcross () . . . . . . . . . . 90
\cent () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
\centerdot (
) . . . . . . . . . . 23
\centerdot () . . . . . . . . . . 22
centernot (package) . . . . . . 105
\centernot . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
centigrade . . . see \textcelsius
\centre (I) . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
cents . . . . . . . . . see \textcent
\CEsign (C) . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
\Cga (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
chancery (package) . . . . . . . 119
\changenotsign . . . . . . . . . 32
\char . . . . 8, 103, 112, 115, 118
Charter (font) . . . . . . . . 18, 30
\check () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
check marks . 10, 66, 77, 80, 88,
90, 101
\checked () . . . . . . . . . . . 88
\CheckedBox (2
) . . . . . . . . . 77
\Checkedbox (V) . . . . . . . . . 90
\Checkmark ( ) . . . . . . . . . 77
\BPwtb () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
\BPwta () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
\checkmark (X) . . . . . . . . . 10
\checkmark () . . . . . . . . . 66
\checkmark (X vs. ) . . . . 101
\checkmark ( ) . . . . . . . . . 80
\CheckmarkBold ( ) . . . . . . 77
\checksymbol (+) . . . . . . . . 93
chemarr (package) . 62, 119, 120
chemarrow (package) 47, 62, 119
\chemarrow (A) . . . . . . . . . 47
Chen, Raymond . . . . . . . . 122
chess symbols . . . . . . . . 93, 94
\chesscomment (RR) . . . . . . 93
\chessetc (P) . . . . . . . . . . . 93
\chesssee (l) . . . . . . . . . . 93
\chi () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
china2e (package) 19, 49, 68, 98,
119, 121
\chiup () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
\Ci (i) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
cipher symbols . . . . . . . . . . 98
\circ () . . . . . . . . 22, 67, 105
\circ () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
\circeq () . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
\circeq ($) . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
\circeq () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
\CIRCLE ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
\Circle ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
\Circle (# vs. ) . . . . . . 101
\Circle (#) . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
\circlearrowleft () . . . . 42
\circlearrowleft ( ) . . . . 41
\circlearrowleft () . . . . 44
\circlearrowright () . . . . 42
\circlearrowright () . . . 41
\circlearrowright () . . . 44
circled numbers . . . . . . . 77, 94
\CircledA () . . . . . . . . . . 90
\circledast (~) . . . . . . . . . 22
\circledast () . . . . . . . . . 25
\circledbar (V) . . . . . . . . . 23
\circledbslash (W) . . . . . . 23
\circledcirc (}) . . . . . . . . 22
\circledcirc () . . . . . . . . 25
\circleddash () . . . . . . . . 22
\circleddash () . . . . . . . . 25
\circleddot . . . . . . see \odot
\circleddotleft () . . . . 42
\circleddotright () . . . . 42
\circledgtr (S) . . . . . . . . . 31
\circledless (R) . . . . . . . . 31
\circledminus . . . see \ominus
\circledotleft . . . . . . . . see
\circleddotleft
\circledotright . . . . . . . see
\circleddotright
\circledplus . . . . . see \oplus
\circledR (r) . . . . . . . 10, 52
\circledS (s) . . . . . . . . . . 52
\circledslash . . . see \oslash
\circledtimes . . . see \otimes
\circledvee (U) . . . . . . . . . 23
"
\circledwedge (T) . . . . . . . 23
\circleleft () . . . . . . . . 42
\circleright () . . . . . . . 42
circles . . . . . . . . . 7980, 88, 94
\CircleShadow ( ) . . . . . . . 80
\CircleSolid ( ) . . . . . . . . 80
\Circpipe () . . . . . . . . . . 73
\circplus () . . . . . . . . . . 23
\Circsteel () . . . . . . . . . 73
circumflex (
a) . . . . see accents
\circumflexus (a
) . . . . . . . 17
\Cja (j) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
\Cjo (b) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
\Cka (k) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
\Cke (K) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
\Cki (c) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
\Cko (h) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
\Cku (v) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
\Cla (l) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
\Cle (L) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
\CleaningA () . . . . . . . . . . 90
\CleaningF () . . . . . . . . . . 90
\CleaningFF () . . . . . . . . . 90
\CleaningP () . . . . . . . . . . 90
\CleaningPP () . . . . . . . . . 90
\Cli (d) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
\clickb (;) . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
\clickc () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
\clickt (R) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
\Clo (f) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
clock (package) . . . 92, 119, 120
d
a
1i
\clock (
) . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
\clock () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
clock symbols . . . . . . 88, 9092
\ClockFramefalse . . . . . . . . 92
\ClockFrametrue . . . . . . . . 92
\Clocklogo (U) . . . . . . . . . . 90
\ClockStyle . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
\clocktime . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
\closedcurlyvee () . . . . . . 24
\closedcurlywedge () . . . . 24
\closedequal () . . . . . . . . 33
\closedniomega (?) . . . . . . 13
\closedprec () . . . . . . . . . 33
\closedrevepsilon () . . . . 13
\closedsucc () . . . . . . . . . 33
\Cloud ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
clovers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
\Clu (q) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
clubs (suit) . . . . . . . . 6567, 80
\clubsuit () . . . . . . . . . . 65
\clubsuit () . . . . . . . . . . . 66
\Cma (m) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
\Cme (M) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
\Cmi (y) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
cmll (package) 21, 24, 30, 36, 119
\Cmo (A) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
\Cmu (B) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
129
\Cna (n) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
\Cne (N) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
\Cni (C) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
\Cno (E) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
\Cnu (F) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
\Co (o) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
\coAsterisk () . . . . . . . . . 23
\coasterisk () . . . . . . . . . 23
code page 1252 . . . . . . . . . 115
table . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
code page 437 . . . . . 72, 97, 115
\Coffeecup (K) . . . . . . . . . 90
\coh () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
coins, ancient . . . . . . . . . . . 19
\colon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
\colon ( : ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
\colon () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
\Colonapprox () . . . . . . . 31
\Colonapprox (::) . . . . . . . 34
\colonapprox (:) . . . . . . . 36
\colonapprox (:) . . . . . . . . 34
\colonapprox (
) . . . . . . . . 31
\coloncolon (::) . . . . . . . . . 36
\coloncolonapprox (::) . . . 36
\coloncolonequals (::=) . . . 36
\coloncolonminus (::) . . . . 36
\coloncolonsim (::) . . . . . 36
\Coloneq (H) . . . . . . . . . . . 31
\Coloneq (::) . . . . . . . . . . . 34
\coloneq () . . . . . . . . 21, 32
\coloneq (:) . . . . . . . . . . . 34
\coloneq (D) . . . . . . . . . . . 31
\coloneq (=) . . . . . . . . . . . 33
\Coloneqq (F) . . . . . . . . . . 31
\Coloneqq (::=) . . . . . . . . . . 34
\coloneqq (:=) . . . . . . . . . . 34
\coloneqq (B) . . . . . . . 21, 31
colonequals (package) 21, 36, 119,
120
\colonequals (:=) . . . . 21, 36
\colonminus (:) . . . . . . . . 36
\Colonsim () . . . . . . . . . . 31
\Colonsim (::) . . . . . . . . . . 34
\colonsim (:) . . . . . . . . . . 36
\colonsim (:) . . . . . . . . . . 34
\colonsim () . . . . . . . . . . 31
combelow (package) 17, 119, 121
combinatorial logic gates . . . 73
comma-below accent (a,) . . . see
accents
communication symbols . . . . 73
commutative diagrams . . . . 106
comp.text.tex (newsgroup) . 8,
21, 22, 103108
\compensation (n) . . . . . . . 93
\complement (A) . . . . . . . . . 52
\complement ({) . . . . . . . . . 52
\complement () . . . . . . . . . 29
complete shuffle product ( ) 24
\COMPLEX ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
\Complex ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
*
\Cross ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
\Cross () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
cross ratio . . . see \textrecipe
\crossb () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
\CrossBoldOutline ( ) . . . . 76
\CrossClowerTips ( ) . . . . 76
\crossd (
) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
\Crossedbox (X) . . . . . . . . . 90
crosses . . . . . . . . 76, 77, 90, 94
\crossh (#) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
\CrossMaltese ( ) . . . . . . . 76
\crossnilambda (3) . . . . . . 13
\CrossOpenShadow ( ) . . . . . 76
\CrossOutline ( ) . . . . . . . 76
crotchet . . see musical symbols
\crtilde (
a) . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
\Cru (V) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
crucifixes . . . . . . . . . . 76, 77, 90
\Crux () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
\crux () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
\Csa (s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
\csc (csc) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
\Cse (S) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
\cshuffle ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 24
\Csi (Y) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
\Cso (1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
\Csu (2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
\Cta (t) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
CTAN
see Comprehensive TEX
Archive Network
\Cte (T) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
\Cti (3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
\Cto (4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
\Ctrl ( Ctrl ) . . . . . . . . . . . 72
.
,
\Ctu (5) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
\Cu (u) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
\Cube (
) 92, 103
cube root . . . . . . . . see \sqrt
\Cup (d) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
\Cup () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
\cup (Y) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
\cup () . . . . . . . . 22, 104, 112
\cup () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
\cupdot () . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
\cupplus () . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
\curlyc () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
\curlyeqprec () . . . . . . . . 32
\curlyeqprec (2) . . . . . . . . 30
\curlyeqprec () . . . . . . . . 33
\curlyeqsucc () . . . . . . . . 32
\curlyeqsucc (3) . . . . . . . . 30
\curlyeqsucc () . . . . . . . . 33
\curlyesh (N) . . . . . . . . . . . 13
\curlyvee (O) . . . . . . . . . . 23
\curlyvee (g) . . . . . . . . . . 22
\curlyvee () . . . . . . . . . . . 24
\curlyveedot (5) . . . . . . . . 24
\curlyveedownarrow (.) . . . 22
\curlyveeuparrow (/) . . . . . 22
130
\curlywedge (N) . . . . . . . . . 23
\curlywedge (f) . . . . . . . . . 22
\curlywedge () . . . . . . . . . 24
\curlywedgedot (4) . . . . . . 24
\curlywedgedownarrow (') . 22
\curlywedgeuparrow (&) . . . 22
\curlyyogh (a) . . . . . . . . . . 13
\curlyz (^) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
\currency () . . . . . . . . . . . 18
currency symbols . . . . 18, 19, 68
\curvearrowbotleft () . . 42
\curvearrowbotleftright ()
. . . . . . . . . 42
\curvearrowbotright () . . 42
\curvearrowdownup () . . . . 43
\curvearrowleft () . . . . . 42
\curvearrowleft (x) . . . . . 41
\curvearrowleft () . . . . . 44
\curvearrowleftright () . 42
\curvearrowleftright () . 43
\curvearrownesw () . . . . . 43
\curvearrownwse () . . . . . 43
\curvearrowright () . . . . 42
\curvearrowright (y) . . . . 41
\curvearrowright () . . . . 44
\curvearrowrightleft () . 43
\curvearrowsenw () . . . . . 43
\curvearrowswne () . . . . . 43
\curvearrowupdown () . . . . 43
\Cutleft (s) . . . . . . . . . . . 75
\Cutline (r) . . . . . . . . . . . 75
cutoff subtraction . see \dotdiv
\Cutright (q) . . . . . . . . . . 75
\Cwa (w) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
\Cwe (W) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
\Cwi (6) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
\Cwo (7) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
\Cxa (x) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
\Cxe (X) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
\Cya (j) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
\Cyo (b) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
\cyprfamily . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
Cypriot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
cypriot (package) . . 86, 119, 121
\Cza (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
\Czo (9) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
D
\D (a) . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
d (esvect
package option)
\d (a.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
\dag () . . . . . . . . . . . .
\dagger () . . . . . . . . . .
\daleth (k) . . . . . . . . .
\daleth () . . . . . . . . .
\danger (B) . . . . . . . . .
dangerous bend symbols
\DArrow ( ) . . . . . . .
\dasharrow . . . . . . . . . .
\dashrightarrow
\dasheddownarrow () . .
. . . 17
. . . 61
. . . 14
9, 117
. . . 22
. . . 51
. . . 51
. . . 91
. . . 89
. . . 72
. . see
. . . 43
)
.
.
.
.
.
.
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.
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.
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.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. . 43
. . 43
. . 43
. . 43
. . 43
. . 43
. . 43
. 106
. . 41
. . 44
. . 42
. . 41
. . 44
. . 32
. . 32
. . 30
. . 33
. . 32
. . 77
. . 78
. . 78
. . 95
. 104
. . 89
. 107
. . 34
. . 72
. . 72
. . 72
. . 72
. . 89
9, 117
. . 22
. 106
. . 58
. . 58
..
..
..
..
24,
35
87
89
57
64
\dddtstile (
\ddigamma ()
\DDohne (D
/D) .
\ddot () . . .
\ddotdot () .
.
\ddots ( . . ) .
\ddots () . .
. . . . . . . 63, 107
. . . . . . . . . . . 64
\ddststile (
) . . . . . . . . . 35
\ddtstile (
) . . . . . . . . . . 35
.
.
.
.
\ddttstile (
) .......
\DeclareFontFamily . . . . .
\DeclareFontShape . . . . . .
\DeclareMathOperator . . .
\DeclareMathOperator* . .
\declareslashed . . . . . . .
\DeclareUnicodeCharacter
\decofourleft ([) . . . . . .
\decofourright (\) . . . . .
\decoone (X) . . . . . . . . . .
\decosix (]) . . . . . . . . . .
\decothreeleft (Y) . . . . .
\decothreeright (Z) . . . .
\decotwo (a) . . . . . . . . . .
. 35
111
111
113
113
105
117
. 78
. 78
. 78
. 78
. 78
. 78
. 78
definite-description operator ( )
. . . . . . . . 103
definition symbols . . . . 21, 108
\deg (deg) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
\degree (0) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
\degree () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
degrees . . . . . see \textdegree
\DEL () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
\Del ( Del ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
\Deleatur . . . . . see \Denarius
delimiters . . . . . . . . . . . 5357
text-mode . . . . . . . . . . 57
variable-sized . . . . . 5457
wavy-line . . . . . . . . 55, 56
\Delta () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
\delta () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
\deltaup () . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
demisemiquaver . . . see musical
symbols
\Denarius () . . . . . . . . . . 18
\denarius () . . . . . . . . . . 19
\dental (ag ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
derivitive, partial . see \partial
\descnode () . . . . . . . . . . 71
\det (det) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
\devadvantage (t) . . . . . . . 93
\dashedleftarrow () . .
\dashednearrow (d) . . . .
\dashednwarrow (e) . . . .
\dashedrightarrow () . .
\dashedsearrow (g) . . . .
\dashedswarrow (f) . . . .
\dasheduparrow
() . . . . .
R
\dashint ( ) . . . . . . . . .
\dashleftarrow (c) . . . .
\dashleftarrow () . . . .
\dashleftrightarrow (e)
\dashrightarrow (d) . . .
\dashrightarrow () . . .
\DashV ()) . . . . . . . . . . .
\Dashv ()) . . . . . . . . . . .
\dashv (a) . . . . . . . . . . .
\dashv () . . . . . . . . . . .
\dashVv (-) . . . . . . . . . .
\davidsstar (C) . . . . . . .
\DavidStar ( ) . . . . . . .
\DavidStarSolid ( ) . . .
\dBar (||) . . . . . . . . . . . .
\dbar (
d) . . . . . . . . . . . . .
\dbend () . . . . . . . . . .
dblaccnt (package) . . . . . .
\dblcolon (::) . . . . . . . . .
\DCa () . . . . . . . . . . . . .
\DCb () . . . . . . . . . . . . .
\DCc () . . . . . . . . . . . . .
\DCd () . . . . . . . . . . . . .
\DD (D
D) . . . . . . . . . . . . .
\ddag () . . . . . . . . . . .
\ddagger ()R . . . . . . . . . .
\ddashint (= ) . . . . . . . . .
....
\ddddot ( ) . . . . . . . . . .
...
\dddot ( ) . . . . . . . . . . .
\Dfourier (
....
. . . . . . . . 36
\dfourier (
....
. . . . . . . . 36
\DFT (
) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
\dft (
) ..........
\DH (D) . . . . . . . . . . . . .
\DH () . . . . . . . . . . . .
\dh (k) . . . . . . . . . . . . .
\dh () . . . . . . . . . . . .
diacritics . . . . . . . . see
\diaeresis (a
) . . . . . . .
diresis (
a) . . . . . . see
\diagdown () . . . . . . .
\diagdown () . . . . . . .
\diagdown () . . . . . . .
\diagonal (G) . . . . . . .
\diagup () . . . . . . . . .
\diagup () . . . . . . . . .
\diagup () . . . . . . . . .
\diameter (I) . . . . . . .
\diameter () . . . . . . .
\diameter () . . . . . . . .
\diameter () . . . . . . .
\Diamond (^) . . . . . . . .
\Diamond (3) . . . . . . . .
\Diamond () . . . . . . . .
\diamond () . . . . . . . . .
\diamond () . . . . . . . . .
\diamondbackslash ({) .
\Diamondblack (_) . . . .
\diamonddiamond () . .
\Diamonddot () . . . . . .
\diamonddot () . . . . . .
\DiamonddotLeft () .
\Diamonddotleft () .
\DiamonddotRight () .
\Diamonddotright () .
131
. . . 63
. . . 13
10, 116
. . . 13
10, 116
accents
. . . 17
accents
. . . 66
. . . 66
. . . 33
. . . 93
. . . 66
. . . 66
. . . 33
. . . 66
. . . 21
. . . 66
. . . 88
. . . 65
. . . 66
. . . 25
. . . 22
. . . 25
. . . 25
. . . 66
. . . 25
. . . 66
. . . 25
. . . 42
. . . 42
. . . 42
. . . 42
\diamonddots (
) . . . . . 24, 64
\DiamondLeft () . . . . . . . 42
\Diamondleft () . . . . . . . 42
\diamondminus (x) . . . . . . . 25
\diamondplus (|) . . . . . . . . 25
\DiamondRight () . . . . . . 42
\Diamondright () . . . . . . 42
diamonds . . . . . . . . . . . 7980
diamonds (suit) . . . . . 6567, 80
\DiamondShadowA ( ) . . . . . 79
\DiamondShadowB ( ) . . . . . 79
\DiamondShadowC ( ) . . . . . 79
\Diamondshape ( ) . . . . . . . 79
\diamondslash (z) . . . . . . . 25
\DiamondSolid ( ) . . . . . . . 80
\diamondsuit () . . . . . . . . 65
\diamondsuit () . . . . . . . . 66
\diamondtimes (}) . . . . . . . 25
\diamondvert (y) . . . . . . . . 25
\diatop . . . . . . . . . . . 18, 107
\diaunder . . . . . . . . . . 18, 107
dice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92, 103
dictionary symbols . . . 1114, 96
dictsym (package) . 96, 119, 120
died . . . . . . . . . see \textdied
differential, inexact . see \dbar
\Digamma () . . . . . . . . . . . 87
\digamma (z) . . . . . . . . 50, 87
\digamma () . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
digital logic gates . . . . . . . . 73
digits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
LCD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
Mayan . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
old-style . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
segmented . . . . . . . . . . 70
\dim (dim) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
\ding . . . . . . . . . 10, 7578, 80
dingautolist . . . . . . . . . . . 77
dingbat (package) . . 76, 80, 101,
119, 120
dingbat symbols . . . . . . 7580
\Diple (>) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
\diple (>) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
\Diple* (> ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
\diple* (> ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
Dirac notation . . . . . . . . . . . 54
discount . . . see \textdiscount
discretionary hyphen . . . . . 115
disjoint union . . . . . . . . . . . 21
disjunction . . . . . . . . see \vee
\displaystyle . . 105, 106, 108,
113
ditto marks . see \textquotedbl
\div () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
\div () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
\divdot () . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
\divideontimes () . . . . . . 23
\divideontimes (>) . . . . . . 22
\divides () . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
\divides () . . . . . . . . . . . 33
division . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22, 59
non-commutative . . . . . 63
\dotcup ()
. . . . . . . . 21, 104
\dotdiv () . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
\Doteq . . . . . . . see \doteqdot
\Doteq () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
\doteq () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
\doteq () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
\doteqdot (+) . . . . . . . . . . 30
\doteqdot () . . . . . . . . . . . 33
dotless j ()
text mode . . . . . . . . . . 14
dotless i ()
math mode . . . . . . 57, 65
text mode . . . . . . . . . . 14
dotless j ()
math mode . . . . . . 57, 65
\dotmedvert () . . . . . . . . . 24
\dotminus () . . . . . . . . . . . 24
\dotplus ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 23
\dotplus (u) . . . . . . . . . . . 22
\dots (. . . ) . . . . . . . . . . 9, 117
dots (ellipses) . . . 9, 6365, 107
\dotsb ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
\dotsc (. . .) . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
\dotseq () . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
\dotsi (
) . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
\dotsint ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 28
\dotsm ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
\dotso (. . .) . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
dotted arrows . . . . . . . . . . . 63
. . . . . . . . 112
dotted union ()
.
\dottedtilde (
a. ) . . . . . . . . 16
\dottimes () . . . . . . . . . . 23
\double . . . . . . . . . . . . 56, 57
double acute (
a) . . see accents
\doublebarwedge (Z) . . . . . 23
\doublebarwedge ([) . . . . . 22
\doublecap . . . . . . . .
\doublecap (\) . . . . . .
\doublecap () . . . . . .
\doublecup . . . . . . . .
\doublecup (]) . . . . . .
\doublecup () . . . . . .
\doublecurlyvee (7) .
\doublecurlywedge (6)
\doublefrown () . . . .
\doublefrowneq (%) . . .
\doublepawns (d) . . . .
\doublesmile () . . . .
\doublesmileeq ($) . . .
\doublesqcap () . . . .
\doublesqcup () . . . .
\doubletilde (
a) . . . .
\doublevee () . . . . . .
\doublewedge () . . . .
\DOWNarrow (L) . . . . . .
\Downarrow () . . . . . .
\Downarrow () . . . . . .
\downarrow . . . . . . . . .
\downarrow () . . . . . .
\downarrow () . . . . . .
\downarrowtail (#) . . .
\downbracketfill . . . .
\downdownarrows () .
\downdownarrows () .
\downdownarrows () .
\downdownharpoons ()
Downes, Michael J. . . .
\downfilledspoon (s) .
\downfootline ({) . . . .
\downfree () . . . . . . .
\downharpoonccw () . .
\downharpooncw () . . .
\downharpoonleft () .
\downharpoonleft () .
\downharpoonright ()
\downharpoonright ()
\downlsquigarrow () .
\downmapsto () . . . . .
\downModels () . . . . .
\downmodels () . . . . .
\downp (u) . . . . . . . . . .
\downparenthfill . . . .
\downpitchfork () . . .
\downpropto () . . . . .
\downrsquigarrow () .
\downslice () . . . . . .
\downspoon () . . . . . .
\downt (m) . . . . . . . . . .
\downtherefore () . .
\downtouparrow () . .
\downuparrows () . . .
\downuparrows () . . .
\downupharpoons () . .
\downupharpoons () . .
\downVdash () . . . . . .
\downvdash () . . . . . .
\downY (+) . . . . . . . . .
dozenal (package) . . . . .
dozenal digits . . . . . . .
132
see \Cap
. . . . 23
. . . . 24
see \Cup
. . . . 23
. . . . 24
. . . . 24
. . . . 24
. . . . 48
. . . . 48
. . . . 93
. . . . 48
. . . . 48
. . . . 24
. . . . 23
. . . . 16
. . . . 23
. . . . 23
. . . . 88
. 41, 54
. . . . 43
. . . 112
. 41, 54
. . . . 43
. . . . 43
. . . 109
. . . . 42
. . . . 41
. . . . 43
. . . . 43
49, 122
. . . . 47
. . . . 33
. . . . 33
. . . . 46
. . . . 46
. . . . 43
. . . . 41
. . . . 43
. . . . 41
. . . . 43
. . . . 43
. . . . 33
. . . . 33
. . . . 18
. . . 109
. . . . 47
. . . . 33
. . . . 43
. . . . 25
. . . . 47
. . . . 18
. 23, 64
. . . . 42
. . . . 42
. . . . 43
. . . . 43
. . . . 46
. . . . 33
. . . . 33
. . . . 23
65, 119
. . . . 65
\dracma () . . . . . . . .
\drsh () . . . . . . . . .
\DS (SS) . . . . . . . . . . .
\Ds (ss) . . . . . . . . . . .
\dsaeronautical (a)
\dsagricultural (G)
\dsarchitectural (A)
\dsbiological (B) . .
\dschemical (C) . . . .
\dscommercial (c) . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
..
..
\dsdtstile ( ) . . .
dsfont (package) . . .
\dsheraldical (H) .
\dsjuridical (J) . .
\dsliterary (L) . . .
\dsmathematical (M)
\dsmedical (m) . . . .
\dsmilitary (X) . . .
\dsrailways (R) . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
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.
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.
.
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.
19
42
89
89
96
96
96
96
96
96
. . . . 35
68, 119
. . . . 96
. . . . 96
. . . . 96
. . . . 96
. . . . 96
. . . . 96
. . . . 96
\dsststile ( ) . . . . . . . . . 35
\dstechnical (T) . . . . . . . . 96
\dststile (
) . . . . . . . . . . 35
\dsttstile (
) . . . . . . . . 35
\dtdtstile (
) . . . . . . . . . 35
\dtimes (_) . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
\dtimes (") . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
\dtststile (
) . . . . . . . . . 35
\dttstile (
) . . . . . . . . . . 35
\dtttstile (
) . . . . . . . . 35
I
F
E
\ell (`) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
\Ellipse ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 80
ellipses (dots) . . . 9, 6365, 107
ellipses (ovals) . . . . . . . . . . . 80
\EllipseShadow ( ) . . . . . . 80
\EllipseSolid ( ) . . . . . . . 80
\EM () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
\Email (k) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
\Emailct (z) . . . . . . . . . . . 73
\emgma (M) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
\emptyset () . . . . . . . . . . . 65
\emptyset () . . . . . . . . . . . 66
\End ( End ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
end of proof . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
\ending (L) . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
\eng (8) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
engineering symbols . . . . 70, 73
\engma (n) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
\ENQ () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
entails . . . . . . . . . . see \models
\Enter ( Enter ) . . . . . . . . . 72
e
c
\Envelope ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 80
envelopes . . . . . . . . . . . 80, 98
\enya (N) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
\EOT () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
epsdice (package) . . 92, 119, 120
) . . . . . 92
\epsdice (
\epsi (") . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
\epsilon () . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
\epsilonup () . . . . . . . . . . 50
\eqbump () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
\eqbumped () . . . . . . . . . . 32
\eqcirc () . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
\eqcirc (P) . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
\eqcirc () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
\Eqcolon (I) . . . . . . . . . . . 31
\Eqcolon (::) . . . . . . . . . . . 34
\eqcolon () . . . . . . . . . . . 32
\eqcolon (:) . . . . . . . . . . . 34
\eqcolon (E) . . . . . . . . . . . 31
\eqdot () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
\eqfrown (#) . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
\Eqqcolon (G) . . . . . . . . . . 31
\Eqqcolon (=::) . . . . . . . . . . 34
\eqqcolon (=:) . . . . . . . . . . 34
\eqqcolon (C) . . . . . . . . . . 31
\eqsim (h) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
\eqsim () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
\eqslantgtr () . . . . . . . . . 38
\eqslantgtr (1) . . . . . . . . . 38
\eqslantgtr () . . . . . . . . . 39
\eqslantless () . . . . . . . . 38
\eqslantless (0) . . . . . . . . 38
\eqslantless () . . . . . . . . 39
\eqsmile (") . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
\equal (=) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
\equal (j) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
\equalclosed () . . . . . . . . 32
\equalscolon (=:) . . . . . . . 36
\equalscoloncolon (=::) . . . 36
\equalsfill . . . . . . . . 21, 108
equidecomposable . . . . . . . 104
equilibrium . . . . . . . . . . . . see
\rightleftharpoons
\equiv () . . . . . . . . . . 21, 30
\equiv () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
equivalence . . . . . . . . . . . . see
\equiv, \leftrightarrow,
and \threesim
\equivclosed () . . . . . . . . 32
\er () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
es-zet . . . . . . . . . . . . . see \ss
\ESC () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
\Esc ( Esc ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
escapable characters . . . . . . . 9
\esh (M) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
\esh (s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
esint (package) . . . . . . . 28, 119
\Estatically (J) . . . . . . . . 74
estimated . see \textestimated
esvect (package) . . . . . . 61, 119
\eta () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
\etaup () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
\ETB () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
\eth () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
\eth () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
\eth (d) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
\ETX () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
eufrak (package) . . . . . . . . . 68
Euler Roman . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
\EUR (e ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
\EURcr (d) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
\EURdig (D) . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
\EURhv (c) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
\Euro ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
\euro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
euro signs . . . . . . . . . . . 18, 19
blackboard bold . . . . . . 68
\eurologo (() . . . . . . . . . . . 19
eurosym (package) . 19, 119, 120
\EURtm (e) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
euscript (package) . 68, 119, 120
evaluated at . . . . . . see \vert
evil spirits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
exclusive disjunction . . . . . . . .
. . . see \nleftrightarrow
\nequiv, and \oplus
exclusive or . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
\exists (D) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
\exists () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
\exists () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
\exp (exp) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
\Explosionsafe (`) . . . . . . 74
extarrows (package) 62, 119, 120
extensible accents . . 5961, 63,
108109
extensible arrows . . . . . . 5963
extensible symbols, creating 107
109
extensible tildes . . . . . . . 59, 61
extension characters . . . 48, 49
extpfeil (package) . . 63, 119, 120
extraipa (package) . . . . 16, 119
\eye (
) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
133
\EyesDollar () . . . . . . . . . 18
F
f (esvect package option) . . . 61
faces . . 72, 81, 88, 90, 91, 96, 98
\fallingdotseq () . . . . . . 32
\fallingdotseq (;) . . . . . . 30
\fallingdotseq () . . . . . . . 32
\FallingEdge ( ) . . . . . . . . 70
\fatbslash ()) . . . . . . . . . . 22
\fatsemi (#) . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
\fatslash (() . . . . . . . . . . . 22
\FAX (u) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
\fax (t) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
\Faxmachine (v) . . . . . . . . 73
fc (package) . . . . . . . . . 10, 14
\fcdice (
) . . . . 92
fclfont (package) . . . . . . . . 119
) . . . . . . 92
\fcscore (
feet . . . . . . . . . see \prime and
\textquotesingle
\FEMALE () . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
\Female (~) . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
female . . . . . . . . . 12, 71, 73, 74
\female () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
\FemaleFemale () . . . . . . . 74
\FemaleMale () . . . . . . . . . 74
.
a
\Ferli (a) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
.
a
\Fermi (a) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
fermions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
feyn (package) . . . . 74, 119, 120
Feynman slashed character notation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
Feynman-diagram symbols . . 74
\feyn{a} () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
\feyn{c} ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 74
\feyn{fd} ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 74
\feyn{flS} () . . . . . . . . . . . 74
\feyn{fl} () . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
\feyn{fs} ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 74
\feyn{fu} ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 74
\feyn{fv} () . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
\feyn{f} ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 74
\feyn{g1} () . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
\feyn{gd} ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 74
c
d
o
l
k
e
b
f
q
v
\feyn{glB} (){ . . . . . . . . . . .
\feyn{glS} ()| . . . . . . . . . . .
\feyn{glu} ()z . . . . . . . . . . .
\feyn{gl} ()y . . . . . . . . . . . .
\feyn{gu} (u) . . . . . . . . . . .
\feyn{gvs} ()}s . . . . . . . . . . .
\feyn{gv} ()} . . . . . . . . . . . .
\feyn{g} (g) . . . . . . . . . . .
\feyn{hd} (j) . . . . . . . . . . .
\feyn{hs} (K) . . . . . . . . . . .
\feyn{hu} (i) . . . . . . . . . . .
\feyn{h} (h) . . . . . . . . . . .
\feyn{ms} () . . . . . . . . . . .
\feyn{m} (m) . . . . . . . . . . .
\feyn{P} (P) . . . . . . . . . . .
74
74
74
74
74
74
74
74
74
74
74
74
74
74
74
\feyn{p} ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 74
\feyn{x} () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
\FF () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
fge (package) . 47, 53, 58, 65, 67,
119, 120
fge-digits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
\fgeA (A) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
\fgebackslash (K) . . . . . . . . 67
\fgebaracute (M) . . . . . . . . 67
\fgebarcap (O) . . . . . . . . . . 67
\fgec (c) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
\fgecap (S) . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
\fgecapbar (Q) . . . . . . . . . . 67
\fgecup (N) . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
\fgecupacute (R) . . . . . . . . 67
\fgecupbar (P) . . . . . . . . . . 67
\fged (p) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
\fgee (e) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
\fgeeszett () . . . . . . . . . . 53
\fgeeta () . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
\fgeF (F) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
\fgef (f) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
\fgeinfty (i) . . . . . . . . . . 67
\fgelangle (h) . . . . . . . . . . 67
\fgelb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
\fgelb () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
\fgeleftB (D) . . . . . . . . . . . 53
\fgeleftC (C) . . . . . . . . . . . 53
\fgeN () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
\fgeoverU () . . . . . . . . . . . 53
\fgerightarrow (!) . . . . . 47
\fgerightB (B) . . . . . . . . . . 53
\fges (s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
\fgestruckone (1) . . . . . . . . 65
\fgestruckzero (0) . . . . . . . 65
\fgeU (U) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
\fgeuparrow (") . . . . . . . . . 47
\fgeupbracket (L) . . . . . . . 67
\FHBOLOGO (f) . . . . . . . . . . . 90
\FHBOlogo (F) . . . . . . . . . . . 90
field (F) . . see alphabets, math
\file (H) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
\FilledBigCircle ( ) . . . . 79
\FilledBigDiamondshape ( ) 79
\FilledBigSquare ( ) . . . . 79
\FilledBigTriangleDown ( ) 79
\FilledBigTriangleLeft ( ) 79
\FilledBigTriangleRight ( )
. . . . . . . . . 79
\FilledBigTriangleUp ( ) . 79
\FilledCircle ( ) . . . . . . . 79
\FilledCloud ( ) . . . . . . . . 91
\filleddiamond () . . . . . . . 25
\FilledDiamondShadowA ( ) 79
\FilledDiamondShadowC ( ) 79
\FilledDiamondshape ( ) . . 79
\FilledHut ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 91
\filledlargestar () . . . . 79
\filledlozenge () . . . . . . . 79
\filledmedlozenge () . . . . 79
U
P
V
S
R
T
\filledmedsquare () . . . . . 25
\filledmedtriangledown () 25,
40
\filledmedtriangleleft () 25,
40
\filledmedtriangleright ()
. . . . . . . 25, 40
\filledmedtriangleup ()
25,
40
\FilledRainCloud ( ) . . . . 91
\FilledSectioningDiamond ( )
. . . . . . . . . 92
\FilledSmallCircle ( ) . . 79
\FilledSmallDiamondshape ( )
. . . . . . . . . 79
\FilledSmallSquare ( ) . . 79
\FilledSmallTriangleDown ( )
. . . . . . . . . 79
\FilledSmallTriangleLeft ( )
. . . . . . . . . 79
\FilledSmallTriangleRight
( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
\FilledSmallTriangleUp ( ) 79
\FilledSnowCloud ( ) . . . . 91
\FilledSquare ( ) . . . . . . . 79
\filledsquare () . . . . . . . . 25
\FilledSquareShadowA ( ) . 79
\FilledSquareShadowC ( ) . 79
s
r
\filledsquarewithdots ( ) 80
\filledstar () . . . . . . . . . 25
\FilledSunCloud ( ) . . . . . 91
\FilledTriangleDown ( ) . . 79
\filledtriangledown () 25, 40
\FilledTriangleLeft ( ) . . 79
\filledtriangleleft () 25, 40
\FilledTriangleRight ( ) . 79
\filledtriangleright ()
25,
40
\FilledTriangleUp ( ) . . . 79
\filledtriangleup () . 25, 40
\FilledWeakRainCloud ( ) . 91
finger, pointing . . . . . . see fists
finite field (F) . . see alphabets,
math
\finpartvoice (a) . . . . . . . 16
(a) . . . . 16
\finpartvoiceless
>
\fint ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
ffl
\fint ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
\Finv (F) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
\Finv (`) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
\Fire ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
fish hook . . . . . . see \strictif
fists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
\fivedots () . . . . . . . . 23, 64
\FiveFlowerOpen ( ) . . . . . 78
\FiveFlowerPetal ( ) . . . . 78
\FiveStar ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 78
\FiveStarCenterOpen ( ) . . 78
c
b
d
"
134
R
P
?
7
9
\FiveStarConvex ( ) . . . . . 78
\FiveStarLines ( ) . . . . . . 78
\FiveStarOpen ( ) . . . . . . . 78
\FiveStarOpenCircled ( ) . 78
\FiveStarOpenDotted ( ) . . 78
\FiveStarOutline ( ) . . . . 78
\FiveStarOutlineHeavy ( ) 78
\FiveStarShadow ( ) . . . . . 78
\Fixedbearing (%) . . . . . . . 73
.
\fixedddots ( . . ) . . . . . . . . 63
.
\fixedvdots (..) . . . . . . . . . . 63
fixmath (package) . . . . . . . 113
\fj (F) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
\Flag ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
\flap (f) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
\flapr (D) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
\flat ([) . . . . . . . . . . . 65, 88
\flat () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
\Flatsteel () . . . . . . . . . . 73
fletched arrows . . . . . . . 47, 75
fleurons . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78, 80
florin . . . . . . see \textflorin
\floweroneleft (b) . . . . . . 78
\floweroneright (c) . . . . . 78
flowers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
Flynn, Peter . . . . . . . . . . . 104
\Fog ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
font encodings
Latin 1 . . . . . . . . . . . 119
font encodings . . . . . 8, 114, 115
7-bit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
8-bit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
ASCII . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
document . . . . . . . . . . 115
limiting scope of . . . . . . . 8
LY1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
OT1 8, 10, 14, 107, 114, 115
OT2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
T1 . . . . . . . . 8, 10, 14, 115
T4 . . . . . . . . . . . 10, 14, 17
T5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10, 14
TS1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
fontdef.dtx (file) . . . . 103, 107
fontenc (package) . 8, 10, 14, 115
\fontencoding . . . . . . . . . . . 8
fonts
Calligra . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
Charter . . . . . . . . . 18, 30
Computer Modern 100, 102,
115
Courier . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Garamond . . . . . . . 18, 30
Helvetica . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Symbol . . . . . . . . 51, 103
Times Roman . . . 18, 102
Type 1 . . . . . . . . . . . 112
Utopia . . . . . . . . . . 18, 30
Zapf Chancery . . . . . . . 68
Zapf Dingbats . . . . 75, 77
:
<
=
>
@
\fontsize . . . . . . . . . .
fontspec (package) . . . .
\Football (o) . . . . . . .
\forall () . . . . . . . . .
\forall () . . . . . . . .
\Force (l) . . . . . . . . .
\Forward () . . . . . . . .
\ForwardToEnd () . . .
\ForwardToIndex ()
\FourAsterisk ( ) . . .
\FourClowerOpen ( ) .
\FourClowerSolid ( )
V
W
100, 102
. . . 118
. . . . 90
. . . . 51
. . . . 52
. . . . 73
. . . . 90
. . . . 90
. . . . 90
. . . . 78
. . . . 78
. . . . 78
\Fourier (
) . . . . . . . . . 36
fourier (package)
19, 36, 51, 53,
57, 60, 76, 78, 91, 119
\fourier (
) . . . . . . . . . 36
Fourier transform (F) . . . . see
alphabets, math
\FourStar ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 78
\FourStarOpen ( ) . . . . . . . 78
\fourth (4) . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
fractions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
fraktur . . . see alphabets, math
Freemasons cipher . . . . . . . 98
Frege logic symbols 47, 53, 65, 67
\frown (_) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
\frown () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
frown symbols . . . . . . . . . . . 48
\frowneq (!) . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
\frowneqsmile (') . . . . . . . 48
\frownie (/) . . . . . . . . . . . 88
\frownsmile () . . . . . . . . . 48
\frownsmileeq ()) . . . . . . . 48
\Frowny () . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
frowny faces . . . . 72, 88, 90, 91
\FS () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
\FullFHBO () . . . . . . . . . . 90
\fullmoon (M) . . . . . . . . . . 71
\fullmoon (#) . . . . . . . . . . 71
\fullnote () . . . . . . . . . . . 88
G
\G (a
) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
g (esvect package option) . . . 61
\Game (G) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
\Game (a) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
\Gamma () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
\gamma () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
\gammaup () . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
\Ganz ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
\GaPa (<) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Garamond (font) . . . . . . 18, 30
\gcd (gcd) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
\ge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . see \geq
\Gemini (R) . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
\Gemini () . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
\gemini (^) . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
genealogical symbols . . . . . . 88
\geneuro (A
C) . . . . . . . . . . . 19
\geneuronarrow (B
C) . . . . . . 19
\geneurowide (C
C) . . . . . . . . 19
gensymb (package) . . . . . . . . 70
\Gentsroom (x) . . . . . . . . . . 90
geometric shapes . . . . 7880, 94
\geq () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
\geq () . . . . . . . . . . . . 37, 38
\geq () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
\geqclosed () . . . . . . . 39, 40
\geqdot (u) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
\geqq () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
\geqq (=) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
\geqq () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
\geqslant (>) . . . . . . . . . . 38
\geqslant () . . . . . . . . . . . 39
\geqslantdot () . . . . . . . . 39
german (keystroke package option)
. . . . . . . . . 72
\gets . . . . . . . see \leftarrow
\gg (") . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
\gg () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
\gg () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
\ggcurly () . . . . . . . . . . . 32
\ggg () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
\ggg () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
\ggg ( vs. ) . . . . . . . . 101
\ggg () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
\gggtr . . . . . . . . . . . see \ggg
\gggtr () . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
ghosts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
Gibbons, Jeremy . . . . . . . . 122
\gimel ( ). . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
\gimel () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
\girl (B) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
globe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
\glotstop (b) . . . . . . . . . . . 13
\glottal (?) . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
\gluon (QPPPPPPR) . . . . . . . . . . 70
gluons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
\gnapprox () . . . . . . . . . . 38
\gnapprox () . . . . . . . . . . 38
\gnapprox () . . . . . . . . . . . 39
\gneq () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
\gneq (
) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
\gneqq () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
\gneqq ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
\gneqq () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
\gnsim () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
\gnsim () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
\gnsim () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Go boards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
Go stones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
goban . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
\Goofy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
graphics (package) . . . . 47, 103
graphicx (package) . 17, 100, 103
\grave (`) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
grave (`
a) . . . . . . . . see accents
\gravis (a
`) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
greater-than signs . . . . . . . see
inequalities
greatest lower bound see \sqcap
Greek . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50, 51
blackboard bold . . . . . . 68
bold . . . . . . . . . . 50, 113
polytonic . . . . . . . . . . . 50
135
upright . . . . . . . . . 50, 51
greek (babel package option) 50,
87
Greek coins . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
\Greenpoint ( ) . . . . . . . . . 98
Gregorio, Enrico . . . . . 104, 105
\grimace (M) . . . . . . . . . . . 91
\GS () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
\gtr (>) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
\gtrapprox () . . . . . . . . . . 38
\gtrapprox (') . . . . . . . . . 38
\gtrapprox () . . . . . . . . . . 39
\gtrclosed () . . . . . . . 39, 40
\gtrdot () . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
\gtrdot (m) . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
\gtrdot () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
\gtreqless () . . . . . . . . . . 38
\gtreqless (R) . . . . . . . . . 38
\gtreqless () . . . . . . . . . . 39
\gtreqlessslant (O) . . . . . . 39
\gtreqqless () . . . . . . . . . 38
\gtreqqless (T) . . . . . . . . . 38
\gtreqqless ()
\gtrless () . .
\gtrless () . .
\gtrless () . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
39
38
38
39
\gtrneqqless () . . . . . . . . 39
\gtrsim () . . . . . .
\gtrsim (&) . . . . . .
\gtrsim () . . . . . . .
\guillemotleft () .
\guillemotright ()
\guilsinglleft () .
\guilsinglright ()
\gvcropped ( ) . . .
\gvertneqq () . . . .
\gvertneqq () . . .
\gvertneqq () . . . .
.
.
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. . . . 38
. . . . 38
. . . . 39
10, 116
10, 116
10, 117
10, 117
. . . . 74
. . . . 38
. . . . 38
. . . . 39
H
\H (
a) . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
h (esvect package option)
\h () . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
\HA (A) . . . . . . . . . . .
.
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14
61
14
82
\Ha (a) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
h
acek (
a) . . . . . . . see accents
\Hail ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
\Halb ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
half note . . see musical symbols
\HalfCircleLeft ( ) . . . . . . 80
\HalfCircleRight ( ) . . . . . 80
\HalfFilledHut ( ) . . . . . . 91
\halflength (p) . . . . . . . . . 18
\halfnote (
) . . . . . . . . . . . 88
\HalfSun ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 91
Hamiltonian (H) see alphabets,
math
\HandCuffLeft ( ) . . . . . . . 76
\HandCuffLeftUp ( ) . . . . . 76
\HandCuffRight ( ) . . . . . . 76
\HandCuffRightUp ( ) . . . . 76
\HandLeft ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 76
\HandLeftUp ( ) . . . . . . . . 76
\HandPencilLeft ( ) . . . . . 76
\HandRight ( ) . . . . . . . . . 76
\HandRightUp ( ) . . . . . . . 76
hands . . . . . . . . . . . . . see fists
\Handwash () . . . . . . . . . . 90
\HaPa (<) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
harmony (package) . 89, 119, 120
harpoon (package) . 47, 119, 121
harpoons . . . . . . . 41, 43, 46, 47
\hash (#) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
hash mark . . . . . . . . . . . see \#
\hat () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
\hateq () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
\hausaB (B) . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
\hausab (b) . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
\hausaD (T) . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
\hausad (D) . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
\hausaK (K) . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
\hausak (k) . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
\HB (B) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
\Hb (b) . . . . .
\HBar ( ) . . . .
\hbar (~) . . . .
\hbipropto ()
\HC (C) . . . . . .
....
....
....
...
....
. . . . . . 82
. . . . . . 79
51, 52, 103
. . . . . . 23
. . . . . . 82
\Hc (c) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
\hcrossing () . . . . . . . . . . 33
\HCthousand (6) . . . . . . . . 82
\HD (D) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
\Hd (d) . . . . . . . . .
\hdotdot () . . . . . .
\hdots () . . . . . . .
\Hdual () . . . . . . .
\HE (E) . . . . . . . . .
\He (e) . . . . . . . . .
heads . . . . . . . . . . .
\Heart () . . . . . . .
hearts (suit) . . . . . .
\heartsuit () . . . .
\heartsuit () . . . .
Hebrew . . . . . . . . . .
Helvetica (font) . . . .
\hemiobelion () . .
\HERMAPHRODITE ()
\Hermaphrodite (})
\hexagon (7) . . . . .
\Hexasteel () . . . .
\hexstar (A) . . . . .
\HF (F) . . . . . . . . . .
\HF (F) . . . . . . . .
\Hf (f) . . . . . . . .
\hfermion ( ) . . . . .
\hfil . . . . . . . . . . .
\HG (G) . . . . . . . . . .
\Hg (g) . . . . . . . . .
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. . . . 82
. 23, 64
. . . . 64
. . . . 82
. . . . 82
. . . . 82
see faces
. . . . . 90
6567, 80
. . . . . 65
. . . . . 66
. . 51, 68
. . . . . 18
. . . . . 19
. . . . . 74
. . . . . 74
. . . . . 78
. . . . . 73
. . . . . 77
. . . . . 70
. . . . . 82
. . . . . 82
. . . . . 74
. . . . 105
. . . . . 82
. . . . . 82
\HH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
\HH (H) . . . . . . . .
\Hh (h) . . . . . . .
hhcount (package)
\Hhundred (3) . . .
.
.
.
.
. . . . . . . 82
. . . . . . . 82
92, 119, 121
. . . . . . . 82
\HI (I) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
\Hi (i) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
\hiatus (H ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
\Hibl () . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
\Hibp () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
\Hibs () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
\Hibw () . . . .
hieroglf (package)
hieroglyphics . . .
Hilbert space (H)
math
\hill (a) . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . 16
\HJ (J) . . .
\Hj (j) . .
\HK (K) . . .
\Hk (k)
..
\hksqrt (
\HL (L) . .
\Hl (l) . .
\HM (M) . .
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. . . . . . . . . 82
. 82, 119, 120
. . . . . . . . . 82
see alphabets,
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82
82
82
82
106
. 82
. 82
. 82
\Hm (m) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
\Hman () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
\Hmillion (7) . . . . . . . . . . 82
\Hms ()
\HN (N)
\Hn (n)
\HO (O) .
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82
82
82
82
\Ho (o) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
Holt, Alexander . . . . . . . 1, 118
Horn, Berthold
\HP (P) . . .
\Hp (p) . . . . .
\Hplural ()
..
...
...
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69
82
82
82
\Hplus (+) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
\HQ (Q) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
\Hq (q) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
\Hquery (?)
\HR (R) . .
\Hr (r) .
\HS (S) . .
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82
82
82
82
\Hs (s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
\Hscribe () . . . . . . . . . . . 82
\Hslash (/)
\hslash (})
\Hsv () .
\HT (T) . .
\HT () . . .
\Ht (t) . .
\Hten (2) .
..
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82
52
82
82
72
82
82
\Hthousand (4) . . . . . . . . . . 82
\Htongue () . . . . . . . . . . 82
\HU (U) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
\Hu (u) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
Hungarian umlaut (
a) see accents
\Hut ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
\HV (V) . .
\Hv (v) .
\hv (") . .
\Hvbar (|)
\HW (W) . .
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82
82
13
82
82
\Hw (w) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
\HX (X) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
\Hx (x) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
) . . . . . . . . . . . 63
\HXthousand (5) . . . . . . . . . 82
\HY (Y) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
\holter (
\Homer (
) .....
\Hone (|) . . . . . . . . . . . .
hook accent () . . . see
\hookb () . . . . . . . . . .
\hookd () . . . . . . . . . .
\hookd (D) . . . . . . . . . .
\hookdownminus () . . .
\hookg () . . . . . . . . . .
\hookh ($) . . . . . . . . . .
\hookheng (%) . . . . . . . .
\hookleftarrow (-) . . .
\hookleftarrow () . . .
\hookrevepsilon () . . .
\hookrightarrow (,) . .
\hookrightarrow () . .
\hookupminus () . . . . .
136
\Hy (y) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
hyphen, discretionary . . . . . 115
\HZ (Z) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
\Hz (z) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
. . . 96
. . . 82
accents
. . . 13
. . . 13
. . . 13
. . . 66
. . . 13
. . . 13
. . . 13
. . . 41
. . . 44
. . . 13
. . . 41
. . . 44
. . . 66
I
i . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
\i () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
\ialign . . . . . . . 104, 106, 108
\ibar (i ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
IBM PC . . . . . . . . . 72, 97, 115
Icelandic staves . . . . . . . . . . 97
\IceMountain ( ) . . . . . . . . 91
.
\iddots ( . . ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
\iddots () R. . . R. . . . . . . . . 107
\idotsint ( ) . . . . . . . 26
'
\idotsint (
) . . . . . . . . 27
\idotsint () . . . . . . . . . . 29
\iff . see \Longleftrightarrow
\iiiint ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 28
\iiiint
() . . . . . . . . . . . 29
\iiint (RRR
) . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
\iiint (
) . . . . . . . . . . . 26
#
\iiint ( ) . . . . . . . . . 26, 27
\iiint ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
\iiint
() . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
\iint (RR) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
\iint ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
!
\iint ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 26, 28
\iint ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
\iint () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
\Im (=) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
\im (j) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
\imath () . . . . . . . . . . . 51, 57
\impliedby see \Longleftarrow
\implies
see \Longrightarrow
and \vdash
impulse train . . . . . . . . see sha
\in (P) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
\in () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
\in () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
\in () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
inches . . . . . . . see \second and
\textquotedbl
\incoh () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
independence
probabilistic . . . . . . . . 106
statistical . . . . . . . . . . 106
stochastic . . . . . see \bot
\independent (
) . . . . . . . 106
\Industry (I) . . . . . . . . . . 90
inequalities . . . . . . . . . 9, 3739
inexact differential . . see \dbar
\inf (inf) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
infimum . see \inf and \sqcap
infinity () . . . . . . . see \infty
\Info ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
\Info (i) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
information symbols . . . . . . 90
informator symbols . . . . . . . 93
\infty (8) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
\infty () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
\infty () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
\inipartvoice (a
) . . . . . . . 16
\inipartvoiceless
(a
) . . . . 16
}
}
|
|
~
~
<
\int ( ) . . . . . . .
R
\int ( ) . . . . . . .
r
\int ( ) . . . . . . .
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. . 49
. . 31
. 117
. . 72
. . 27
25, 26
. . . 26
\int () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
\intclockwise ( ) . . . . . . . 30
\INTEGER ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
\Integer ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
integers (Z) see alphabets, math
integrals . . . 2530, 66, 105106
integrals (wasysym package option) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
\intercal (|) . . . . . . . . . . . 22
\intercal () . . . . . . . . . . . 52
\interleave (9) . . . . . . . . . 22
intersection . . . . . . . . see \cap
\Interval ( ) .
\inva ( ) . . . . .
\invamp (M) . . .
\invbackneg ()
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91
13
23
66
\INVd () . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
\invdiameter () . . . . . . . . 88
\inve (U) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
inverse limit . see \varprojlim
\InversTransformHoriz (
) 36
\InversTransformVert ( ) . 36
inverted symbols 1113, 17, 103
inverters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
\invf (,) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
\invglotstop (d) . . . . . . . . 13
\invh (&) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
\INVl ()
\invlegr (I)
\invm (5) . .
\invneg ()
\invneg ()
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73
13
13
31
66
\INVr () . . .
\invr (G) . . . . .
\invscr (K) . . .
\invscripta ()
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\INVu () . . .
\invv () . . . . .
\invw (Z) . . . . .
\invy (\) . . . . .
\iota () . . . . . .
iota, upside-down
\iotaup () . . . .
\ipagamma ( ) . .
\ipercatal () .
\IroningI () .
\IroningII ()
\IroningIII ()
irony mark (? ) . .
137
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73
13
13
13
50
103
. 50
. 13
. 95
. 90
. 90
. 90
103
....
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see
. 92
103
117
117
J
\j () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
\JackStar ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 78
\JackStarBold ( ) . . . . . . . 78
Jewish star . . . . . . . . . . 77, 78
\jmath () . . . . . . . . . . . 51, 57
\Joch ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
\Join (Z) . . . . . . . . . . . 30, 31
\Join (&) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
\joinrel . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
joint denial . . . see \downarrow
junicode (package) . . . . . . . 118
Junicode-Regular.ttf (file) 118
\Jupiter (E) . . . . . . . . . . . 71
\Jupiter () . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
\jupiter (X) . . . . . . . . . . . 71
K
.
.
.
.
.
....
\k (a)
,
\k ( ) . . . . . . . . .
\kappa () . . . . .
\kappaup () . . . .
\ker (ker) . . . . . .
ket . . . . . . . . . . .
\Keyboard () . .
keyboard symbols
keys, computer . .
keystroke (package)
\keystroke (
)
king . . . . . . . . . .
knight . . . . . . . . .
Knuth, Donald E.
symbols by . .
\Koppa () . . . . .
\koppa () . . . . . .
\Kr ( l
) ......
\kreuz (6) . . . . .
Kronecker product
Kronecker sum . .
krouzek (
a) . . . . .
\kside (O) . . . . .
\Kutline (R) . . .
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. . . . . . 17
. . . . . . 14
. . . . . . 50
. . . . . . 50
. . . . . . 49
. . . . . . 54
. . . . . . 72
. . . . . . 72
. . . . . . 72
72, 119, 120
. . . . . . . 72
. . . . . . . 94
. . . . . . . 94
. 8, 114, 122
. . . . . . . 89
. . . . . . . 87
. . . . . . . 87
. . . . . . . 89
. . . . . . . 88
see \otimes
. see \oplus
see accents
. . . . . . . 93
. . . . . . . 75
L
\L (L) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
\l (l) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
\labdentalnas (4) . . . . . . . 13
\labvel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
\Ladiesroom (y) . . . . . . . . . 90
Lagrangian (L) . see alphabets,
math
\Lambda () . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
\lambda () . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
\lambdabar (o) . . . . . . . . . . 66
\lambdaslash (n) . . . . . . . . 66
\lambdaup () . .
Lamport, Leslie .
\land . . . . . . %. .
\landdownint ( )
\landdownint# ()
\landupint ( ) .
\landupint () .
\Langle (<) . . .
\lAngle (hh) . . . .
\langle (h) . . . .
. . . . . . . . . 50
. . . . . 118, 122
. . . see \wedge
. . . . . . . . 28
. . . . . . . . 29
. . . . . . . . . 28
. . . . . . . . . 29
. . . . . . . . . 68
. . . . . . . . . 56
. . . . . . 21, 54
\langle () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
\langlebar (n) . . . . . . . . . . 55
\Laplace (
) . . . . . . . . . 36
\laplace (
) . . . . . . . . . 36
Laplace transform (L) . . . . see
alphabets, math
Laplacian () . . . . . see \Delta
Laplacian (2 ) . . . . see \nabla
\largecircle () . . . . . . . . 79
\largediamond () . . . . . . 79
\largelozenge () . . . . . . . 79
\largepencil (
W)
. . . . . . . 76
\largepentagram () . . . . . 79
\largesquare () . . . . . . . . 79
\largestar () . . . . . . . . . 79
\largestarofdavid () . . . 79
\largetriangledown () . . 40
\largetriangleleft () . . 40
\largetriangleright () . 40
\largetriangleup () . . . . 40
\LArrow ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 72
\larrowfill . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
\Laserbeam (a) . . . . . . . . 74
LATEX . . 1, 8, 14, 26, 30, 49, 54,
63, 65, 73, 75, 100, 103109,
112, 113, 115, 117119, 121,
122
LATEX 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 8,
9, 19, 20, 22, 30, 36, 41, 58,
63, 65, 69, 73, 100, 101, 103,
106, 107, 111, 112, 114117,
122
latexsym (package) 22, 30, 36, 41,
65, 100, 119
\latfric (/) . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Latin 1 . . . . . . . . . . 8, 115, 119
table . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
laundry symbols . . . . . . . . . 90
\Lbag (P) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
\lbag (N) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
\lbrace ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 55
. . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
\Lbrack ([)
\lBrack ([[) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
LCD digits . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
\lCeil (dd) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
\lceil (d) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
\lceil ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
\lcirclearrowdown
() . . . 43
\lcirclearrowleft () . . . 43
\lcirclearrowright () . . 43
\lcirclearrowup () . . . . . 43
\lcircleleftint () . . . . . . 29
\lcirclerightint () . . . . . 29
\lcm (lcm) . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
\lcorners (v) . . . . . . . . . . . 53
\lcurvearrowdown () . . . . . 43
\lcurvearrowleft () . . . . 43
\lcurvearrowne () . . . . . . 43
\lcurvearrownw () . . . . . . 43
\lcurvearrowright () . . . . 43
\lcurvearrowse () . . . . . . 43
\lcurvearrowsw () . . . . . . 43
\lcurvearrowup () . . . . . . . 43
\ldbrack (v) . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
\ldotp (.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
\ldots (. . .) . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
\le . . . . . . . . . . . . . . see \leq
\leadsto ({) . . . . . . . . 31, 41
\leadsto () . . . . . . . . . . . 44
leaf . . . . . . . . . . see \textleaf
\leafleft (g) . . . . . . . . . . 78
\leafNE (f) . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
\leafright (h) . . . . . . . . . 78
leaves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78, 80
Lefschetz motive (L) . . . . . see
alphabets, math
\Left . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
\left . . . . . . . 54, 56, 100, 102
\LEFTarrow () . . . . . . . . . . 88
\Leftarrow () . . . . . . 21, 41
\Leftarrow () . . . . . . . . . 43
\leftarrow () . . . . . . . . . 42
\leftarrow () . . . . . . . . . 41
\leftarrow () . . . . . . . . . . 44
\leftarrowtail () . . . . . 41
\leftarrowtail () . . . . . . 44
\leftarrowtriangle (^) . . 42
\leftbarharpoon () . . . . . 43
\LEFTCIRCLE (G) . . . . . . . . . 88
\LEFTcircle (G
#) . . . . . . . . . 88
\Leftcircle (I) . . . . . . . . . 88
\leftevaw ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 56
\leftfilledspoon (r)
\leftfootline (z) . . .
\leftfree () . . . . . .
\lefthalfcap () . . . .
\lefthalfcup () . . . .
\lefthand (t) . . . . . .
\leftharpoonccw () .
\leftharpooncw () . .
\leftharpoondown ()
\leftharpoondown ())
\leftharpoonup () . .
\leftharpoonup (() . .
\leftleftarrows () .
\leftleftarrows () .
138
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47
33
33
23
24
76
46
46
43
41
43
41
42
41
\leftleftarrows () . . . . . 44
\leftleftharpoons () . . . 43
\leftlsquigarrow () . . . . 44
\leftmapsto () . . . . . . . . . 44
\leftModels () . . . . . . . . . 33
\leftmodels () . . . . . . . . . 33
\leftmoon (K) . . . . . . . . . . . 71
\leftmoon ($) . . . . . . . . . . 71
\leftp (v) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
\leftpitchfork () . . . . . . 47
\leftpointright (
) . . . . 76
\leftpropto () . . . . . . . . . 33
\Leftrightarrow () . . . . . 41
\Leftrightarrow () . . . . . 44
\leftrightarrow () . . . . . 42
\leftrightarrow () . . . . . 41
\leftrightarrow () . . . . . 44
\leftrightarroweq (-) . . . . 42
\leftrightarrows () . . . . 42
\leftrightarrows () . . . . 41
\leftrightarrows () . . . . 44
\leftrightarrowtriangle (])
. . . . . . . . . 42
\leftrightharpoon () . . . 43
\leftrightharpoondownup ()
. . . . . . . . . 46
\leftrightharpoons () . . 43
\leftrightharpoons () . . 41
\leftrightharpoons () . . . 46
\leftrightharpoonsfill . . . 62
\leftrightharpoonupdown ()
. . . . . . . . . 46
\Leftrightline () . . . . . . 33
\leftrightline () . . . . . . 33
\leftrightsquigarrow () 42
\leftrightsquigarrow (!) 41
\leftrightsquigarrow () . 44
\leftrsquigarrow () . . . . 44
\Leftscissors (S) . . . . . . . 75
\leftslice (2) . . . . . . . . . . 22
\leftslice () . . . . . . . . . . 33
\leftspoon () . . . . . . . . . 47
\leftsquigarrow () . . . . 42
\leftsquigarrow (f) . . . . . 42
\leftt (n) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
\lefttherefore () . . . 24, 64
\leftthreetimes ($) . . . . . 66
\leftthreetimes (h) . . . . . 22
\leftthreetimes () . . . . . . 24
\leftthumbsdown (
) . . . . 76
\leftthumbsup (
) . . . . . . 76
\lefttorightarrow () . . . 42
\Lefttorque (&) . . . . . . . . 73
\leftturn (") . . . . . . . . . . 88
\leftVdash () . . . . . . . . . . 33
\leftvdash ()
. . . . . . . . . . 33
\leftwave ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 56
D
U
\leftY (*) .
legal symbols
\legm (6) . .
\legr (E) . .
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. . . . . 24
9, 19, 116
. . . . . 13
. . . . . 13
\length (q) . . . . . . .
\Leo () . . . . . . . . .
\leo () . . . . . . . . .
\leq () . . . . . . . . .
\leq () . . . . . . . . .
\leq () . . . . . . . . .
\leqclosed () . . . .
\leqdot (t) . . . . . . .
\leqq () . . . . . . . .
\leqq (5) . . . . . . . .
\leqq () . . . . . . . .
\leqslant (6) . . . .
\leqslant () . . . . .
\leqslantdot () . .
\less (<) . . . . . . . .
less-than signs . . see
\lessapprox () . . .
\lessapprox (/) . . .
\lessapprox () . . .
\lessclosed () . . .
\lessdot () . . . . .
\lessdot (l) . . . . .
\lessdot () . . . . . .
\lesseqgtr () . . . .
\lesseqgtr (Q) . . .
\lesseqgtr () . . . .
\lesseqgtrslant (N)
\lesseqqgtr () . . .
. . . . . . 18
. . . . . . 71
. . . . . . 71
. . . . . . 38
. . . 37, 38
. . . . . . 39
. . . 39, 40
. . . . . . 39
. . . . . . 38
. . . . . . 38
. . . . . . 39
. . . . . . 38
. . . . . . 39
. . . . . . 39
. . . . . . 39
inequalities
. . . . . . 38
. . . . . . 38
. . . . . . 39
. . . 39, 40
. . . . . . 38
. . . . . . 38
. . . . . . 39
. . . . . . 38
. . . . . . 38
. . . . . . 39
. . . . . . 39
. . . . . . 38
\lesseqqgtr (S) . . . . . . . . . 38
\lesseqqgtr ()
\lessgtr () . .
\lessgtr () . .
\lessgtr () . . .
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38
38
39
\lessneqqgtr () . . . . . . . . 39
\lesssim () . . .
\lesssim (.) . . .
\lesssim () . . . .
\Letter ( ) . . . .
\Letter (B vs. )
\Letter (B) . . . .
letter-like symbols
letters . . . . . . . . .
barred . . . . .
non-ASCII . .
slashed . . . .
variant
Latin
\levaw ( ) . . . . .
.
.
.
.
. . . . . . . 38
. . . . . . . 38
. . . . . . . 39
. . . . . . . 92
. . . . . . 101
. . . . . . . . 73
. . . . . 5153
see alphabets
. . . . . . . 104
. . . . . . . . 10
. . . . . . . 105
. . . . . . . . 51
. . . . . . . . 56
\LF () . 7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
7
\lfilet (77) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
\lFloor (bb) .
\lfloor (b) .
\lfloor ( )
\lg (lg) .
.. .
. . . . . . . . . . . . 56
. . . . . . . . . . . . 54
. . . . . . . . . . . . 55
. . . . . . . . . . . . 49
\lgroup () . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
\lgroup (
) . . . . . . . . . . . 55
\LHD () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
139
\LinearACCCLXIII () . . .
\LinearACCCLXIV () . . .
\LinearACCCLXIX () . . . .
\LinearACCCLXV () . . . .
\LinearACCCLXVI () . . . .
\LinearACCCLXVII () . . .
\LinearACCCLXVIII () . .
\LinearACCCLXX () . . . . .
\LinearACCCLXXI () . . .
\LinearACCCLXXII () . .
\LinearACCCLXXIII () .
\LinearACCCLXXIV () . . .
\LinearACCCLXXIX () . .
\LinearACCCLXXV () . . . .
\LinearACCCLXXVI () . .
\LinearACCCLXXVII () . .
\LinearACCCLXXVIII () .
\LinearACCCLXXX () . . . .
\LinearACCCLXXXI () . . .
\LinearACCCLXXXII () . .
\LinearACCCLXXXIII () .
\LinearACCCLXXXIV () .
\LinearACCCLXXXIX () .
\LinearACCCLXXXV () . . .
\LinearACCCLXXXVI () . .
\LinearACCCLXXXVII () .
\LinearACCCLXXXVIII ()
\LinearACCCV (~) . . . . . . .
\LinearACCCVI () . . . . .
\LinearACCCVII () . . . .
\LinearACCCVIII () . . .
\LinearACCCX () . . . . . .
\LinearACCCXI () . . . . .
\LinearACCCXII () . . . .
\LinearACCCXIII () . . .
\LinearACCCXIV () . . . .
\LinearACCCXIX () . . . .
\LinearACCCXL () . . . . .
\LinearACCCXLI () . . . .
\LinearACCCXLII () . . . .
\LinearACCCXLIII () . . .
\LinearACCCXLIV () . . .
\LinearACCCXLIX () . . . .
\LinearACCCXLV () . . . .
\LinearACCCXLVI () . . .
\LinearACCCXLVII () . . .
\LinearACCCXLVIII () . .
\LinearACCCXV () . . . . .
\LinearACCCXVI () . . . . .
\LinearACCCXVII () . . . .
\LinearACCCXVIII () . .
\LinearACCCXX () . . . . .
\LinearACCCXXI () . . . .
\LinearACCCXXII () . . . .
\LinearACCCXXIII () . . .
\LinearACCCXXIV () . . . .
\LinearACCCXXIX () . . . .
\LinearACCCXXV () . . . .
\LinearACCCXXVI () . . . .
\LinearACCCXXVII () . . .
\LinearACCCXXVIII () . .
\LinearACCCXXX () . . . .
\LinearACCCXXXI () . . . .
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\LinearACCCXXXII () .
\LinearACCCXXXIII () .
\LinearACCCXXXIV () . .
\LinearACCCXXXIX () . .
\LinearACCCXXXV () . . .
\LinearACCCXXXVI () . .
\LinearACCCXXXVII ()
\LinearACCCXXXVIII ()
\LinearACCI () . . . . . .
\LinearACCII () . . . . .
\LinearACCIII () . . . .
\LinearACCIV () . . . .
\LinearACCIX () . . . . .
\LinearACCL (G) . . . . . .
\LinearACCLI (H) . . . . .
\LinearACCLII (I) . . . .
\LinearACCLIII (J) . . . .
\LinearACCLIV (K) . . . . .
\LinearACCLIX (P) . . . . .
\LinearACCLV (L) . . . . .
\LinearACCLVI (M) . . . . .
\LinearACCLVII (N) . . . .
\LinearACCLVIII (O) . .
\LinearACCLX (Q) . . . . .
\LinearACCLXI (R) . . . . .
\LinearACCLXII (S) . . . .
\LinearACCLXIII (T) . . .
\LinearACCLXIV (U) . . .
\LinearACCLXIX (Z) . . .
\LinearACCLXV (V) . . . .
\LinearACCLXVI (W) . . . .
\LinearACCLXVII (X) . . .
\LinearACCLXVIII (Y) . .
\LinearACCLXX ([) . . . .
\LinearACCLXXI (\) . . . .
\LinearACCLXXII (]) . . .
\LinearACCLXXIII (^) .
\LinearACCLXXIV (_) . . .
\LinearACCLXXIX (d) . . .
\LinearACCLXXV (`) . . .
\LinearACCLXXVI (a) . . .
\LinearACCLXXVII (b) . .
\LinearACCLXXVIII (c) .
\LinearACCLXXX (e) . . .
\LinearACCLXXXI (f) . . .
\LinearACCLXXXII (g) . .
\LinearACCLXXXIII (h) .
\LinearACCLXXXIV (i) .
\LinearACCLXXXIX (n) . .
\LinearACCLXXXV (j) . .
\LinearACCLXXXVI (k) . .
\LinearACCLXXXVII (l) .
\LinearACCLXXXVIII (m)
\LinearACCLXXXX (o) . .
\LinearACCV () . . . . . .
\LinearACCVI () . . . . .
\LinearACCVII () . . . .
\LinearACCVIII () . . . .
\LinearACCX () . . . . . .
\LinearACCXCI (p) . . . .
\LinearACCXCII (q) . . .
\LinearACCXCIII (r) . . .
\LinearACCXCIV (s) . . .
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\LinearACCXCIX (x) . .
\LinearACCXCV (t) . . .
\LinearACCXCVI (u) . .
\LinearACCXCVII (v) . .
\LinearACCXCVIII (w)
\LinearACCXI ( ) . . . .
\LinearACCXII (!) . . .
\LinearACCXIII (") . .
\LinearACCXIV (#) . . .
\LinearACCXIX (() . . .
\LinearACCXL (=) . . . .
\LinearACCXLI (>) . . .
\LinearACCXLII (?) . . .
\LinearACCXLIII (@) .
\LinearACCXLIV (A) . . .
\LinearACCXLIX (F) . .
\LinearACCXLV (B) . . .
\LinearACCXLVI (C) . .
\LinearACCXLVII (D) . .
\LinearACCXLVIII (E) .
\LinearACCXV ($) . . . .
\LinearACCXVI (%) . . . .
\LinearACCXVII (&) . . .
\LinearACCXVIII (') . .
\LinearACCXX ()) . . . .
\LinearACCXXI (*) . . .
\LinearACCXXII (+) . .
\LinearACCXXIII (,) . .
\LinearACCXXIV (-) . . .
\LinearACCXXIX (2) . .
\LinearACCXXV (.) . . .
\LinearACCXXVI (/) . .
\LinearACCXXVII (0) .
\LinearACCXXVIII (1)
\LinearACCXXX (3) . . .
\LinearACCXXXI (4) . . .
\LinearACCXXXII (5) . .
\LinearACCXXXIII (6) .
\LinearACCXXXIV (7) .
\LinearACCXXXIX (<) .
\LinearACCXXXV (8) . . .
\LinearACCXXXVI (9) . .
\LinearACCXXXVII (:)
\LinearACCXXXVIII (;)
\LinearACI (d) . . . . . .
\LinearACII (e) . . . . .
\LinearACIII (f) . . . .
\LinearACIV (g) . . . . .
\LinearACIX (l) . . . . .
\LinearACL () . . . . . .
\LinearACLI () . . . . .
\LinearACLII () . . . .
\LinearACLIII () . . .
\LinearACLIV () . . . .
\LinearACLIX () . . . .
\LinearACLV () . . . . .
\LinearACLVI () . . . .
\LinearACLVII () . . .
\LinearACLVIII () . .
\LinearACLX () . . . . .
\LinearACLXI () . . . .
\LinearACLXII () . . .
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82
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\LinearACLXIII () . . .
\LinearACLXIV () . . .
\LinearACLXIX () . . .
\LinearACLXV () . . . .
\LinearACLXVI () . .
\LinearACLXVII () . .
\LinearACLXVIII () .
\LinearACLXX () . . . .
\LinearACLXXI () . . .
\LinearACLXXII () . .
\LinearACLXXIII () .
\LinearACLXXIV () . .
\LinearACLXXIX ( ) . . .
\LinearACLXXV () . . .
\LinearACLXXVI () . .
\LinearACLXXVII () . .
\LinearACLXXVIII () .
\LinearACLXXX () . . .
\LinearACLXXXI () . .
\LinearACLXXXII () . .
\LinearACLXXXIII () .
\LinearACLXXXIV () .
\LinearACLXXXIX (
) . .
\LinearACLXXXV () . . .
\LinearACLXXXVI () .
\LinearACLXXXVII () .
\LinearACLXXXVIII ( )
\LinearACLXXXX () . .
\LinearACV (h) . . . . . .
\LinearACVI (i) . . . . .
\LinearACVII (j) . . . .
\LinearACVIII (k) . . .
\LinearACX (m) . . . . . .
\LinearACXCI () . . . .
\LinearACXCII (
) . . .
\LinearACXCIII () . . .
\LinearACXCIV () . . .
\LinearACXCIX () . . .
\LinearACXCV () . . . . .
\LinearACXCVI () . . .
\LinearACXCVII () . .
\LinearACXCVIII () . .
\LinearACXI (n) . . . . .
\LinearACXII (o) . . . .
\LinearACXIII (p) . . .
\LinearACXIV (q) . . . .
\LinearACXIX (v) . . . .
\LinearACXL () . . . . .
\LinearACXLI () . . . .
\LinearACXLII () . . .
\LinearACXLIII () . .
\LinearACXLIV () . . .
\LinearACXLIX () . . .
\LinearACXLV () . . . .
\LinearACXLVI () . . .
\LinearACXLVII () . .
\LinearACXLVIII () .
\LinearACXV (r) . . . . .
\LinearACXVI (s) . . . .
\LinearACXVII (t) . . .
\LinearACXVIII (u) . . .
\LinearACXX (w) . . . . .
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83
84
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83
\LinearACXXI (x) . . .
\LinearACXXII (y) . .
\LinearACXXIII (z) .
\LinearACXXIV ({) . .
\LinearACXXIX () . .
\LinearACXXV (|) . . .
\LinearACXXVI (}) . .
\LinearACXXVII (~) .
\LinearACXXVIII ()
\LinearACXXX () . . .
\LinearACXXXI () . .
\LinearACXXXII () .
\LinearACXXXIII () .
\LinearACXXXIV () . .
\LinearACXXXIX () .
\LinearACXXXV () . .
\LinearACXXXVI () .
\LinearACXXXVII () .
\LinearACXXXVIII ()
\LinearAI ( ) . . . . . .
\LinearAII () . . . . .
\LinearAIII () . . . .
\LinearAIV () . . . . .
\LinearAIX () . . . . .
\LinearAL (1) . . . . . .
\LinearALI (2) . . . . .
\LinearALII (3) . . . .
\LinearALIII (4) . . .
\LinearALIV (5) . . . .
\LinearALIX (:) . . . .
\LinearALV (6) . . . . .
\LinearALVI (7) . . . .
\LinearALVII (8) . . .
\LinearALVIII (9) . .
\LinearALX (;) . . . . .
\LinearALXI (<) . . . .
\LinearALXII (=) . . .
\LinearALXIII (>) . .
\LinearALXIV (?) . . .
\LinearALXIX (D) . . .
\LinearALXV (@) . . . .
\LinearALXVI (A) . . .
\LinearALXVII (B) . .
\LinearALXVIII (C) . .
\LinearALXX (E) . . . .
\LinearALXXI (F) . . .
\LinearALXXII (G) . .
\LinearALXXIII (H) .
\LinearALXXIV (I) . .
\LinearALXXIX (N) . .
\LinearALXXV (J) . . .
\LinearALXXVI (K) . .
\LinearALXXVII (L) .
\LinearALXXVIII (M) .
\LinearALXXX (O) . . .
\LinearALXXXI (P) . .
\LinearALXXXII (Q) . .
\LinearALXXXIII (R) .
\LinearALXXXIV (S) .
\LinearALXXXIX (X) .
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83
83
83
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84
84
84
84
84
84
84
84
84
84
84
84
84
84
84
84
84
84
84
\LinearALXXXV (T) . . . . . . . . 84
\LinearALXXXVI (U) . . . . . . 84
\LinearALXXXVII (V) . . . . . . 84
\LinearALXXXVIII (W) . . . . . 84
\LinearALXXXX (Y) . . . . . . . 84
\LinearAV () . . . . . . . . . . . 82
\LinearAVI () . . . . . . . . . . 82
\LinearAVII () . . . . . . . . . 82
\LinearAVIII () . . . . . . . . 82
\LinearAX ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 82
\LinearAXCI (Z) . . . . . . . . . 84
\LinearAXCII ([) . . . . . . . . 84
\LinearAXCIII (\) . . . . . . . 84
\LinearAXCIV (]) . . . . . . . . 84
\LinearAXCIX (b) . . . . . . . . 82
\LinearAXCV (^) . . . . . . . . . 84
\LinearAXCVI (_) . . . . . . . . 84
\LinearAXCVII (`) . . . . . . . . 84
\LinearAXCVIII (a) . . . . . . . 84
\LinearAXI (
) . . . . . . . . . . 82
\LinearAXII () . . . . . . . . . 82
\LinearAXIII () . . . . . . . . 82
\LinearAXIV (
) . . . . . . . . . 83
\LinearAXIX () . . . . . . . . . 83
\LinearAXL (') . . . . . . . . . . 83
\LinearAXLI (() . . . . . . . . . 83
\LinearAXLII ()) . . . . . . . . 83
\LinearAXLIII (*) . . . . . . . 83
\LinearAXLIV (+) . . . . . . . . 83
\LinearAXLIX (0) . . . . . . . . 83
\LinearAXLV (,) . . . . . . . . . 83
\LinearAXLVI (-) . . . . . . . . 83
\LinearAXLVII (.) . . . . . . . 83
\LinearAXLVIII (/) . . . . . . 83
\LinearAXV () . . . . . . . . . . 83
\LinearAXVI () . . . . . . . . . 83
\LinearAXVII () . . . . . . . . 83
\LinearAXVIII () . . . . . . . 83
\LinearAXX () . . . . . . . . . . 83
\LinearAXXI () . . . . . . . . . 83
\LinearAXXII () . . . . . . . . 83
\LinearAXXIII () . . . . . . . 83
\LinearAXXIV () . . . . . . . . 83
\LinearAXXIX () . . . . . . . . 83
\LinearAXXV () . . . . . . . . . 83
\LinearAXXVI () . . . . . . . . 83
\LinearAXXVII () . . . . . . . 83
\LinearAXXVIII () . . . . . . . 83
\LinearAXXX () . . . . . . . . . 83
\LinearAXXXI () . . . . . . . . 83
\LinearAXXXII () . . . . . . . 83
\LinearAXXXIII ( ) . . . . . . 83
\LinearAXXXIV (!) . . . . . . . 83
\LinearAXXXIX (&) . . . . . . . 83
\LinearAXXXV (") . . . . . . . . 83
\LinearAXXXVI (#) . . . . . . . 83
\LinearAXXXVII ($) . . . . . . 83
\LinearAXXXVIII (%) . . . . . . 83
linearb (package) 85, 86, 119, 121
\Lineload (L) . . . . . . . . . . 73
linguistic symbols . . . . . 1114
141
)
\Lisa (
\lJoin (X)
\ll (!) . . .
\ll () . .
\ll () . .
.
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\llangle ()
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96
31
38
37
39
. . . . . . . . . . . 55
\llap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
\llbracket (~) . . . . . . . . . . 54
\llbracket ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 57
\llceil (V) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
\llcorner (z) . . . . . . . . . . . 53
\llcorner (x) . . . . . . . . . . . 53
\llcorner () . . . . . . . . . . . 55
\llcurly () . . . .
\Lleftarrow (W) .
\Lleftarrow () .
\llfloor (T) . . . . .
\lll () . . . . . . . .
\lll () . . . . . . .
\lll ( vs. ) . .
\lll () . . . . . . .
\llless . . . . . . . .
\llless () . . . .
\llparenthesis
(L)
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. . . . 32
. . . . 41
. . . . 44
. . . . 53
. . . . 38
. . . . 38
. . . 101
. . . . 39
see \lll
. . . . . 39
. . . . . 53
\lmoustache () . . . . . . . . 54
\lmoustache (
) . . . . . . . . 55
\ln (ln) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
\lnapprox () . . . . . . . . . . 38
\lnapprox () . . . . . . . . . . 38
\lnapprox () . . . . . . . . . . . 39
\lneq () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
\lneq () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
\lneqq () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
\lneqq () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
\lneqq () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
\lnot . . . . . . . . . . . . see \neg
\lnot () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
\lnsim () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
\lnsim () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
\lnsim () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
local ring (O) . . see alphabets,
math
\log (log) . . . . . . . . . . 49, 113
log-like symbols . . . . . . 49, 113
logic gates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
logical operators
and . . . . . . . . . see \wedge
not . . . see \neg and \sim
or . . . . . . . . . . . see \vee
\logof () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
lollipop . . . . . . . see \multimap
long division . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
\longa () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
\longcastling (O-O-O) . . . 93
longdiv (package) . . . . . . . . . 59
\Longleftarrow (=) . . . . . 41
\Longleftarrow () . . . . . 43
\longleftarrow () . . . . . 43
\longleftarrow () . . . . . 41
\Longleftrightarrow () 41
\Longleftrightarrow () 43
\longleftrightarrow () . 43
\longleftrightarrow () 41
\Longmapsfrom (=\) . . . . . . 42
\longmapsfrom ([) . . . . . . 42
\Longmapsto (=) . . . . . . . 42
\longmapsto (z) . . . . . . . . 43
\longmapsto (7) . . . . . . . 41
\LongPulseHigh (
) . . . . . 70
\LongPulseLow (
) . . . . . 70
\Longrightarrow (=) . . . . 41
\Longrightarrow () . . . . 43
\longrightarrow () . . . . 43
\longrightarrow () . . . . 41
\looparrowdownleft () . . 42
\looparrowdownright () . . 42
\looparrowleft () . . . . . . 42
\looparrowleft (") . . . . . . 41
\looparrowleft () . . . . . . 43
\looparrowright () . . . . . 42
\looparrowright (#) . . . . . 41
\looparrowright () . . . . . 43
\Loosebearing ($) . . . . . . . 73
\lor . . . . . . . . . . . . . see \vee
\LowerDiamond ( ) . . . . . . . 79
lowering . . . see \textlowering
\lozenge () . . . . . . . . 65, 66
\lozenge () . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
\Lparen (() . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
\lrcorner ({) . . . . . . . . . . . 53
\lrcorner (y) . . . . . . . . . . . 53
&
'
\lrcorner () . . . . . . . . . . . 55
\lrJoin . . . . .
\lrtimes (\) . .
L
P
) ...
\lsem ( P
P
P
P
\lsemantic
N ...
\Lsh () . . . . .
\Lsh () . . . . .
\Lsh () . . . . .
\Lsteel () . .
\ltimes (
) . .
\ltimes (n) . .
\ltimes () . .
\ltriple . . . .
Luecking, Dan .
\lVert (k) . . .
\lVert (||) . . . .
\lvert (|) . . . .
\lvertneqq ()
\lvertneqq ( )
\lvertneqq
()
\lwave ( ) . . .
_
_
\lWavy ( _
)
_
_
_
_
. . . . see \Join
. . . . . . . . . . 31
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..
. . . . . . . . 55
see \ldbrack
. . . . . . . . 42
. . . . . . . . 41
. . . . . . . . 43
. . . . . . . . 73
. . . . . . . . 23
. . . . . . . . 22
. . . . . . . . 24
. . . . . . . . 57
. . . . . . . 106
. . . . . . . . 54
. . . . . . . . 56
. . . . . . . . 54
. . . . . . . . 38
. . . . . . . . 38
. . . . . . . . 39
. . . . . . . . . . 56
. . . . . . . . . . . . 55
^^
\lwavy ( ^^^) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
\lz (1) .^^. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
\M . . . . . . .
\M () . . . .
\m .. . . . . .
\m ( ) . . . .
\ma (
) . . .
\macron (a
)
macron (
a)
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M
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...
...
...
...
see
. . . 10
. . . 95
. . . 10
. . . 95
. . . 95
. . . 17
accents
\Maggie (
) . . . . . . . . . 96
magical signs . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
majuscules . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
\makeatletter . . . . . . . . . 107
\makeatother . . . . . . . . . . 107
\MALE () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
\Male (|) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
male . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71, 73, 74
\male () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
\MaleMale () . . . . . . . . . . 74
\maltese (z) . . . . . . . . . . . 10
\maltese () . . . . . . . . . . . 66
man . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81, 90
\manboldkidney () . . . . . . . 89
\manconcentriccircles ($) 89
\manconcentricdiamond (%) 89
\mancone (#) . . . . . . . . . . . 89
\mancube () . . . . . . . . . . . 89
\manerrarrow (y) . . . . . . . 89
\manfilledquartercircle (!) 89
manfnt (package) . . 89, 119, 120
\manhpennib () . . . . . . . . . 89
\manimpossiblecube () . . . 89
\mankidney () . . . . . . . . . . 89
\manlhpenkidney () . . . . . . 89
\manpenkidney () . . . . . . . 89
\manquadrifolium (&) . . . . 89
\manquartercircle ( ) . . . . 89
\manrotatedquadrifolium (')
. . . . . . . . . 89
\manrotatedquartercircle (")
. . . . . . . . . 89
\manstar () . . . . . . . . . . . 89
\mantiltpennib () . . . . . . 89
\mantriangledown (7) . . . . . 89
\mantriangleright (x) . . . . 89
\mantriangleup (6) . . . . . . 89
\manvpennib () . . . . . . . . . . 89
\Mappedfromchar () . . . . . . . 48
\mappedfromchar () . . . . . . . 48
\Mapsfrom (\) . . . . . . . . . . 42
\mapsfrom ([) . . . . . . . . . . 42
\Mapsfromchar () . . . . . . . . 49
\Mapsfromchar (\) . . . . . . . . 48
\mapsfromchar () . . . . . . . . 49
\mapsfromchar ([) . . . . . . . . 48
\Mapsto () . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
\mapsto (7) . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
\mapsto () . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
142
\Mapstochar () . . . . . . . . . . 49
\Mapstochar () . . . . . . . . . . 48
\mapstochar () . . . . . . . . . . 49
\Marge (
) . . . . . . . . . 96
\markera (x) . . . . . . . . . . . 93
\markerb (y) . . . . . . . . . . . 93
married . . . . . see \textmarried
\Mars (D) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
\Mars () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
\mars () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
\MartinVogel () . . . . . . . . 90
marvosym (package) . 18, 65, 67,
7175, 90, 101
masonic cipher . . . . . . . . . . 98
\mate (m) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
material biconditional . . . . . . .
. see \leftrightarrow and
\equiv
material conditional . . . . . . see
\rightarrow and \supset
material equivalence . . . . . . . .
. see \leftrightarrow and
\equiv
material implication . . . . . . see
\rightarrow and \supset
material nonimplication . . . . . .
. . . see \nrightarrow and
\nsupset
math alphabets . . . . . . . . . . 68
mathabx (package) 21, 23, 25, 26,
30, 32, 3638, 40, 42, 43, 49,
5255, 58, 60, 65, 66, 71, 93,
100, 101, 119, 120, 123
\mathaccent . . . . . . . . . . . 104
\mathbb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
\mathbbm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
\mathbbmss . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
\mathbbmtt . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
mathbbol (package) . . . . . . . 68
\mathbf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
\mathbin . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
\mathbold . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
mathcal (euscript package option)
. . . . . . . . . 68
\mathcal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
\mathcent () . . . . . . . . . . . 52
\mathchoice . . . . . . . . 105, 106
\mathclose . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
mathcomp (package) . . . . . . 65
mathdesign (package) 18, 24, 30,
52, 56, 67, 119
\mathdollar ($) . . . . . . . . . 21
mathdots (package) . 58, 63, 64,
107, 119, 120
\mathds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
\mathellipsis (. . .) . . . . . . 21
mathematical symbols . . 2169
\mathfrak . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
\mathit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
\mathnormal . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
\mathop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
\mathopen . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
\mathord . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
\mathpalette . . . . . . . . . . 106
\mathparagraph () . . . . . . 21
\mathpunct . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
\mathpzc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
\mathrel . . . . . . . . . . 103, 112
\mathring () . . . . . . . . 57, 58
\mathrm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
mathrsfs (package) . . . . 68, 119
mathscr (euscript package option)
. . . . . . . . . 68
\mathscr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
\mathsection () . . . . . . . . 21
\mathsterling () . . . . . . . . 52
\mathsterling () . . . . . . . 21
mathtools (package) . 21, 34, 60,
62, 119, 120
\mathunderscore ( ) . . . . . . 21
\max (max) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Maxwell-Stefan diffusion coefficient . . . . . . . . . . . . see
\DH
\maya . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
\Mb (
) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
\mb () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
\Mbb (
) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
\mBb (
) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
\mbB (
\mbb () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
143
\multimapbothvert () . . . . 31
\multimapdot () . . . . . . . . 31
\multimapdotboth () . . . . 31
\multimapdotbothA () . . . 31
\multimapdotbothAvert () . 31
\multimapdotbothB () . . . 31
\multimapdotbothBvert () . 31
\multimapdotbothvert () . . 31
\multimapdotinv () . . . . . 31
\multimapinv () . . . . . . . . 31
multiple accents per character 107
multiplicative disjunction . . . . .
. . . . . see \bindnasrepma,
\invamp, and \parr
\Mundus (m) . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
Museum of Icelandic Sorcery and
Witchcraft . . . . . . . . . 98
musical symbols
20, 65, 66, 88,
89
musixtex (package) . . . . . . . . 89
\muup () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
\MVAt (@) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
\MVEight (8) . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
\MVFive (5) . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
\MVFour (4) . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
\MVNine (9) . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
\MVOne (1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
\MVRightarrow (:) . . . . . . . 90
\MVSeven (7) . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
\MVSix (6) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
\MVThree (3) . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
\MVTwo (2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
\MVZero (0) . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
\nabla () .
\nabla () .
\NAK () . . .
NAND gates
N
..
..
..
..
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65
66
72
73
\NANDd () . . . . . . . . . . 73
\NANDl ()
. . . . . . . . . 73
\NANDr ()
. . . . . . . . . 73
\NANDu ()
\napprox () .
\napprox () . .
\napproxeq (6)
\napproxeq ()
\nasymp (-) . .
\nasymp () . . .
nath (package) .
\NATURAL ( ) . .
\Natural ( ) . .
\natural (\) . .
\natural () . .
natural numbers
alphabets,
. . . . . . . . . . 73
. . . . . . . . . . 32
. . . . . . . . . . 33
. . . . . . . . . . 31
. . . . . . . . . . 33
. . . . . . . . . . 31
. . . . . . . . . . 48
. 53, 56, 57, 119
. . . . . . . . . . 49
. . . . . . . . . . 49
. . . . . . . 65, 88
. . . . . . . . . . 66
(N) . . . . . see
math
navigation symbols . . . . . . .
\nbackapprox () . . . . . . . .
\nbackapproxeq () . . . . . . .
\nbackcong () . . . . . . . . . .
\nbackeqsim () . . . . . . . . .
\nbacksim (*) . . . . . . . . . . .
\nbacksim () . . . . . . . . . . .
\nbacksimeq (+) . . . . . . . . .
\nbacksimeq () . . . . . . . . .
\nbacktriplesim () . . . . . .
\NBSP () . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
\nBumpeq ()) . . . . . . . . . . . .
\nBumpeq () . . . . . . . . . . . .
\nbumpeq (() . . . . . . . . . . . .
\nbumpeq () . . . . . . . . . . . .
\ncirceq () . . . . . . . . . . . .
\ncirclearrowleft () . . .
\ncirclearrowright () . .
\nclosedequal () . . . . . . .
\ncong () . . . . . . . . . . . . .
\ncong () . . . . . . . . . . . . .
\ncong () . . . . . . . . . . . . .
\ncurlyeqprec () . . . . . . .
\ncurlyeqprec () . . . . . . .
\ncurlyeqsucc () . . . . . . .
\ncurlyeqsucc () . . . . . . .
\ncurvearrowdownup () . . .
\ncurvearrowleft () . . . .
\ncurvearrowleftright ()
\ncurvearrownesw () . . . .
\ncurvearrownwse () . . . .
\ncurvearrowright () . . . .
\ncurvearrowrightleft ()
\ncurvearrowsenw () . . . .
\ncurvearrowswne () . . . .
\ncurvearrowupdown () . . .
\ndasharrow () . . . . . . . . .
\ndasheddownarrow () . . . .
\ndashedleftarrow () . . . .
\ndashednearrow () . . . . .
\ndashednwarrow () . . . . .
\ndashedrightarrow () . . .
\ndashedsearrow () . . . . .
\ndashedswarrow () . . . . .
\ndasheduparrow () . . . . . .
\ndashleftarrow () . . . . .
\ndashrightarrow () . . . .
\nDashV (+) . . . . . . . . . . . .
\nDashv (+) . . . . . . . . . . . .
\ndashV (/) . . . . . . . . . . . .
\ndashv (') . . . . . . . . . . . .
\ndashv () . . . . . . . . . . . .
\ndashVv (/) . . . . . . . . . . .
90
33
33
33
33
31
33
31
34
34
72
31
34
31
34
34
46
46
34
32
31
34
32
34
32
34
44
46
44
44
44
46
44
44
44
44
46
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
46
46
32
32
32
32
34
32
\nddtstile ( ) . . .
\ndiagdown () . . .
\ndiagup () . . . . .
\ndivides () . . . . .
\nDoteq () . . . . . . .
\ndoteq () . . . . . . .
\ndoublefrown () .
\ndoublefrowneq ()
\ndoublesmile () .
35
34
34
34
34
34
48
48
48
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\ndoublesmileeq () . .
\nDownarrow () . . . . .
\ndownarrow () . . . . .
\ndownarrowtail () . .
\ndowndownarrows () .
\ndownfilledspoon ()
\ndownfootline () . . .
\ndownfree () . . . . . .
\ndownharpoonccw () .
\ndownharpooncw () . .
\ndownlsquigarrow ()
\ndownmapsto () . . . .
\ndownModels () . . . .
\ndownmodels () . . . .
\ndownpitchfork () .
\ndownrsquigarrow ()
\ndownspoon () . . . . .
\ndownuparrows () . .
\ndownupharpoons () .
\ndownVdash () . . . . .
\ndownvdash () . . . . .
\ndststile (
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48
45
45
45
45
47
34
34
46
46
45
45
34
34
47
45
47
45
46
34
34
) . . . . . . . . . 35
\ndtstile ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 35
\ndttstile ( ) . . . . . . . . . 35
\ne . . . . . . . . . . . . . . see \neq
\ne () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
\Nearrow (t) . . . . . . . . . . . 42
\Nearrow () . . . . . . . . . . . 43
\nearrow () . . . . . . . . . . . 42
\nearrow (%) . . . . 41, 106, 107
\nearrow () . . . . . . . . . . . 43
\nearrowtail ($) . . . . . . . . 43
\nefilledspoon (t) . . . . . . 47
\nefootline (|) . . . . . . . . . 33
\nefree () . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
\neg () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
\neg () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
negation . . . see \neg and \sim
\neharpoonccw (D) . . . . . . . 46
\neharpooncw (L) . . . . . . . . 46
\nelsquigarrow () . . . . . . 43
\nemapsto (,) . . . . . . . . . . 43
\neModels () . . . . . . . . . . 33
\nemodels () . . . . . . . . . . 33
\nenearrows () . . . . . . . . 43
\nepitchfork () . . . . . . . . 47
\Neptune (H) . . . . . . . . . . . 71
\Neptune () . . . . . . . . . . . 71
\neptune ([) . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
\neq () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
\neq (,) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
\neq () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
\neqbump () . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
\neqcirc () . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
\neqdot () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
\neqfrown () . . . . . . . . . . . 48
\neqsim () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
\neqslantgtr () . . . . . . . . 38
\neqslantgtr () . . . . . . . . 39
\neqslantless () . . . . . . . 38
\neqslantless () . . . . . . . 39
144
\neqsmile () . . . . . .
\nequal () . . . . . . . .
\nequalclosed () . .
\nequiv (.) . . . . . . .
\nequiv () . . . . . . . .
\nequivclosed () . .
\nersquigarrow () .
\nespoon (l) . . . . . .
\Neswarrow () . . . .
\neswarrow (%
.) . . . .
\neswarrow () . . . .
\neswarrows () . . .
\neswbipropto () . .
\neswcrossing () . .
\neswharpoonnwse (R)
\neswharpoons (Z) . .
\neswharpoonsenw (V)
\Neswline () . . . . .
\neswline () . . . . .
\Neutral ({) . . . . . .
\neVdash () . . . . . .
\nevdash () . . . . . .
\newextarrow . . . . . .
\newmetrics . . . . . . .
\newmoon (N) . . . . . .
\newmoon ( ) . . . . . .
\newtie (
a) . . . . . . . .
\nexists (E) . . . . . . .
\nexists (@) . . . . . . .
\nexists () . . . . . . .
\nfallingdotseq () .
\nfrown () . . . . . . . .
\nfrowneq () . . . . . .
\nfrowneqsmile () . .
\nfrownsmile () . . .
\nfrownsmileeq () . .
\NG () . . . . . . . . . . .
\ng () . . . . . . . . . . .
\ngeq () . . . . . . . . .
\ngeq () . . . . . . . . .
\ngeq () . . . . . . . . .
\ngeqclosed () . . . .
\ngeqdot () . . . . . . .
\ngeqq () . . . . . . . .
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. . . . 48
. . . . 33
. . . . 33
. . . . 31
. . . . 33
. . . . 33
. . . . 43
. . . . 47
. . . . 43
106, 107
. . . . 43
. . . . 43
. . . . 24
. . . . 33
. . . . 46
. . . . 46
. . . . 46
. . . . 33
. . . . 33
. . . . 74
. . . . 33
. . . . 33
. . . . 63
. . . . 95
. . . . 71
. . . . 71
. . . . 14
. . . . 52
. . . . 52
. . . . 52
. . . . 33
. . . . 48
. . . . 48
. . . . 48
. . . . 48
. . . . 48
. . . . 10
. . . . 10
. . . . 38
. . . . 38
. . . . 39
. 39, 40
. . . . 39
. . . . 38
\ngeqq () . . . . .
\ngeqq () . . . . .
\ngeqslant () .
\ngeqslant () . .
\ngeqslantdot ()
\ngets () . . . . .
\ngg (4) . . . . . .
\ngg () . . . . . . .
\nggg () . . . . .
\ngtr () . . . . . .
\ngtr () . . . . . .
\ngtr () . . . . . .
\ngtrapprox () .
\ngtrapprox (#) .
\ngtrclosed () .
\ngtrdot () . . . .
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39,
...
38
39
38
39
39
46
38
39
39
38
38
39
38
38
40
39
\ngtreqless () . . . . . . . . . 39
\ngtreqlessslant () . . . . . 39
\ngtreqqless () . . . . . . . . 39
\ngtrless (&) . . . . . . . . . . . 38
\ngtrless () . . . . . . . . . . . 39
\ngtrsim () . . . . . . . . . . . 38
\ngtrsim (!) . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
\nhateq () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
\nhookleftarrow () . . . . . 46
\nhookrightarrow () . . . . 46
\ni (3) . . . . . . . . . . . . 51, 105
\ni () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
\nialpha () . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
\nibar . . . . . . . . see \ownsbar
\nibeta ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
\NibLeft ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 76
\NibRight ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 76
nibs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
\NibSolidLeft ( ) . . . . . . . 76
\NibSolidRight ( ) . . . . . . 76
nicefrac (package) . 67, 119, 121
\nichi ([) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
\niepsilon () . . . . . . . . . . 13
\nigamma () . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
\niiota ()) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
\nilambda (2) . . . . . . . . . . . 13
\nin () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
\niomega (>) . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
\niphi (C) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
\niplus (B) . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
\nisigma (O) . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
\nitheta (S) . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
\niupsilon (V) . . . . . . . . . . 13
\niv ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
\nj (7) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
\nlcirclearrowdown () . . 45
\nlcirclearrowleft () . . 45
\nlcirclearrowright () . 45
\nlcirclearrowup () . . . . 45
\nlcurvearrowdown () . . . . 45
\nlcurvearrowleft () . . . . 45
\nlcurvearrowne () . . . . . 45
\nlcurvearrownw () . . . . . 45
\nlcurvearrowright () . . . 45
\nlcurvearrowse () . . . . . 45
\nlcurvearrowsw () . . . . . 45
\nlcurvearrowup () . . . . . . 45
\nleadsto () . . . . . . . . . . 46
\nLeftarrow () . . . . . . . . 42
\nLeftarrow (:) . . . . . . . . 41
\nLeftarrow () . . . . . . . . 45
\nleftarrow () . . . . . . . . 42
\nleftarrow (8) . . . . . . . . 41
\nleftarrow () . . . . . . . . . 45
\nleftarrowtail () . . . . . 45
\nleftfilledspoon () . . . 47
\nleftfootline () . . . . . . 34
\nleftfree () . . . . . . . . . . 34
\nleftharpoonccw () . . . . 46
\nleftharpooncw () . . . . . 46
\nleftleftarrows () . . . . 45
\nleftlsquigarrow () . . . . 45
\nleftmapsto () . . . . . . . . 45
\nleftModels () . . . . . . . . 34
\nleftmodels () . . . . . . . . 34
\nleftpitchfork () . . . . . 47
\nLeftrightarrow () . . . . 42
\nLeftrightarrow (<) . . . . 41
\nLeftrightarrow () . . . . 45
\nleftrightarrow () . . . . 42
\nleftrightarrow (=) . 21, 41
\nleftrightarrow () . . . . 45
\nleftrightarrows () . . . . 45
\nleftrightharpoondownup ()
. . . . . . . . . 46
\nleftrightharpoons () . . 46
\nleftrightharpoonupdown ()
. . . . . . . . . 46
\nLeftrightline () . . . . . 34
\nleftrightline () . . . . . 34
\nleftrightsquigarrow () 46
\nleftrsquigarrow () . . . . 45
\nleftspoon () . . . . . . . . 47
\nleftVdash () . . . . . . . . . 34
\nleftvdash () . . . . . . . . . 34
\nleq () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
\nleq () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
\nleq () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
\nleqclosed () . . . . . . 39, 40
\nleqdot () . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
\nleqq () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
\nleqq () . . . . .
\nleqq () . . . . .
\nleqslant (
) .
\nleqslant () . .
\nleqslantdot ()
\nless () . . . . .
\nless () . . . . .
\nless () . . . . .
\nlessapprox ()
\nlessapprox (")
\nlessclosed ()
\nlessdot () . . .
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..
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39,
...
38
39
38
39
39
38
38
39
38
38
40
39
\nlesseqgtr () . . . . . . . . . 39
\nlesseqgtrslant () . . . . . 39
\nlesseqqgtr () . . . . . . . . 39
\nlessgtr (') . . . . . . .
\nlessgtr () . . . . . . .
\nlesssim () . . . . . .
\nlesssim ( ) . . . . . . .
\nlhookdownarrow () .
\nlhookleftarrow ()
\nlhooknearrow () . .
\nlhooknwarrow () . .
\nlhookrightarrow ()
\nlhooksearrow () . .
\nlhookswarrow () . .
\nlhookuparrow () . . .
\nll (3) . . . . . . . . . .
\nll () . . . . . . . . . . .
\nLleftarrow () . . . .
\nlll () . . . . . . . . .
145
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38
39
38
38
45
45
45
44
44
44
44
44
38
39
44
39
\nmapsto () . . . . . . .
\nmid (-) . . . . . . . . . . .
\nmid () . . . . . . . . . .
\nmodels () . . . . . . . .
\nmultimap () . . . . .
\nndtstile ( ) . . . . .
\nNearrow () . . . . . .
\nnearrow (1) . . . . . . .
\nnearrow () . . . . . .
\nnearrowtail () . . .
\nnefilledspoon () .
\nnefootline () . . . .
\nnefree () . . . . . . .
\nneharpoonccw () . .
\nneharpooncw () . . .
\nnelsquigarrow () .
\nnemapsto () . . . . .
\nneModels () . . . . .
\nnemodels () . . . . .
\nnenearrows () . . .
\nnepitchfork () . . .
\nnersquigarrow () .
\nnespoon () . . . . . .
\nNeswarrow () . . . .
\nneswarrow () . . . .
\nneswarrows () . . .
\nneswharpoonnwse ()
\nneswharpoons () . .
\nneswharpoonsenw ()
\nNeswline () . . . . .
\nneswline () . . . . .
\nneVdash () . . . . . .
\nnevdash () . . . . . .
\nnststile ( ) . . . . .
\nntstile ( ) . . . . . .
\nnttstile ( ) . . . . .
\nNwarrow () . . . . . .
\nnwarrow (0) . . . . . . .
\nnwarrow () . . . . . .
\nnwarrowtail () . . .
\nnwfilledspoon () .
\nnwfootline () . . . .
\nnwfree () . . . . . . .
\nnwharpoonccw () . .
\nnwharpooncw () . . .
\nnwlsquigarrow () .
\nnwmapsto () . . . . .
\nnwModels () . . . . .
\nnwmodels () . . . . .
\nnwnwarrows () . . .
\nnwpitchfork () . . .
\nnwrsquigarrow () .
\nNwsearrow () . . . .
\nnwsearrow () . . . .
\nnwsearrows () . . .
\nnwseharpoonnesw ()
\nnwseharpoons () . .
\nnwseharpoonswne ()
\nNwseline () . . . . .
\nnwseline () . . . . .
\nnwspoon () . . . . . .
\nnwVdash () . . . . . .
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46
31
34
34
47
35
44
42
44
45
47
34
34
46
46
45
45
34
34
45
47
45
47
45
45
45
46
46
46
34
34
34
34
35
35
35
45
42
45
45
47
34
34
46
46
45
45
33
34
45
47
45
45
45
45
46
46
46
33
33
47
33
\nnwvdash () . . . . . . . . . . 33
no entry . . . . . . . . . see \noway
\NoBleech () . . . . . . . . . . 90
\NoChemicalCleaning () . . 90
nointegrals (wasysym package option) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
\NoIroning () . . . . . . . . . 90
non-commutative division . . 63
nonbreaking space . . . . . . . . 72
NOR gates . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
\NORd () . . . . . . . . . . . 73
\NORl () . . . . . . . . . . 73
norm . . see \lVert and \rVert
\NORr (
) . . . . . . . . . . 73
\NORu () . . . . . . . . . . . 73
\NoSun ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
not . . . . . . . . . . . . . . see \neg
\not . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32, 105
not equal (= vs. =) . . . . . . . 32
\notasymp () . . . . . . . . . . 32
\notbackslash ()
\ . . . . . . . 71
\notbot (M) . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
\notdivides () . . . . . . . . . 32
\notequiv () . . . . . . . . . . 32
\notin (R) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
\notin (<) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
\notin (6) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
\notin () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
\notni (=) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
\notowner (S) . . . . . . . . . . . 52
\notowns . . see \notowner and
\notni
\notperp (M) . . . . . . . . . . . 32
\notslash ()
/
. . . . . . . . . . 71
\notsmallin () . . . . . . . . . 52
\notsmallowns () . . . . . . . . 52
\nottop (L) . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
\NoTumbler () . . . . . . . . . . 90
\novelty (N) . . . . . . . . . . . 93
\noway (A) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
\nowns () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
\nparallel () . . . . . . . . . . 31
\nparallel () . . . . . . . . . . 34
\nparallelslant () . . . . . 36
\nperp () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
\npitchfork () . . . . . . . . . 47
\nplus (`) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
\nprec () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
\nprec () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
\nprec () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
\nprecapprox () . . . . . . . . 32
\nprecapprox (7) . . . . . . . . 31
\nprecapprox () . . . . . . . . 33
\npreccurlyeq () . . . . . . . 32
\npreccurlyeq ($) . . . . . . . 31
\npreccurlyeq () . . . . . . . 34
\npreceq () . . . . . . . . .
\npreceq () . . . . . . . . .
\npreceq () . . . . . . . . . .
\npreceqq (9) . . . . . . . . .
\nprecsim () . . . . . . . .
\nprecsim () . . . . . . . . .
\nprecsim () . . . . . . . . .
\nrcirclearrowdown ()
\nrcirclearrowleft ()
\nrcirclearrowright ()
\nrcirclearrowup () . .
\nrcurvearrowdown () . .
\nrcurvearrowleft () . .
\nrcurvearrowne () . . .
\nrcurvearrownw () . . .
\nrcurvearrowright () .
\nrcurvearrowse () . . .
\nrcurvearrowsw () . . .
\nrcurvearrowup () . . . .
\nRelbar () . . . . . . . . .
\nrelbar () . . . . . . . . .
\nrestriction () . . . . .
\nrhookdownarrow () . . .
\nrhookleftarrow () . .
\nrhooknearrow () . . . .
\nrhooknwarrow () . . . .
\nrhookrightarrow () . .
\nrhooksearrow () . . . .
\nrhookswarrow () . . . .
\nrhookuparrow () . . . . .
\nRightarrow () . . . . . .
\nRightarrow (;) . . . . .
\nRightarrow () . . . . . .
\nrightarrow () . . . . . .
\nrightarrow (9) . . . . .
\nrightarrow () . . . . . .
\nrightarrowtail () . .
\nrightfilledspoon ()
\nrightfootline () . . .
\nrightfree () . . . . . . .
\nrightharpoonccw () . .
\nrightharpooncw () . .
\nrightleftarrows () . .
\nrightleftharpoons ()
\nrightlsquigarrow () .
\nrightmapsto () . . . . .
\nrightModels () . . . . .
\nrightmodels () . . . . .
\nrightpitchfork () . .
\nrightrightarrows () .
\nrightrsquigarrow () .
\nrightspoon () . . . . . .
\nrightsquigarrow () . .
\nrightVdash () . . . . . .
\nrightvdash () . . . . . .
\nrisingdotseq () . . . . .
\nRrightarrow () . . . . .
\nsdtstile ( ) . . . .
\nSearrow () . . . . .
\nsearrow () . . . . .
\nsearrowtail () . .
\nsefilledspoon ()
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32
31
34
31
32
31
34
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
34
34
46
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
42
41
45
42
41
45
45
47
34
34
46
46
44
46
44
44
34
34
47
44
44
47
46
34
34
34
44
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35
44
44
45
47
\nsefootline () . . . .
\nsefree () . . . . . . .
\nseharpoonccw () . .
\nseharpooncw () . . .
\nselsquigarrow () .
\nsemapsto () . . . . .
\nseModels () . . . . .
\nsemodels () . . . . .
\nsenwarrows () . . .
\nsenwharpoons () . .
\nsepitchfork () . . .
\nsersquigarrow () .
\nsesearrows () . . .
\nsespoon () . . . . . .
\nseVdash () . . . . . .
\nsevdash () . . . . . .
\nshortmid (.) . . . . . .
\nshortmid () . . . . . .
\nshortparallel (/) . .
\nshortparallel () . .
\nsim () . . . . . . . . . .
\nsim (/) . . . . . . . . . .
\nsim () . . . . . . . . . .
\nsimeq () . . . . . . . .
\nsimeq (;) . . . . . . . .
\nsimeq () . . . . . . . . .
\nsmile () . . . . . . . . .
\nsmileeq () . . . . . . .
\nsmileeqfrown () . . .
\nsmilefrown () . . . .
\nsmilefrowneq () . . .
\nsqdoublefrown () . .
\nsqdoublefrowneq ()
\nsqdoublesmile () . .
\nsqdoublesmileeq ()
\nsqeqfrown () . . . . .
\nsqeqsmile () . . . . .
\nsqfrown () . . . . . . .
\nsqfrowneq () . . . . .
\nsqfrowneqsmile () .
\nsqfrownsmile () . . .
\nsqsmile () . . . . . . .
\nsqsmileeq () . . . . .
\nsqsmileeqfrown () .
\nsqsmilefrown () . . .
\nSqsubset () . . . . . .
\nsqSubset () . . . . . .
\nsqsubset () . . . . . .
\nsqsubset (a) . . . . . .
\nsqsubset () . . . . . .
\nsqsubseteq () . . . .
\nsqsubseteq (@) . . . .
\nsqsubseteq () . . . .
\nsqsubseteqq () . . .
\nsqsubseteqq () . . .
\nSqsupset () . . . . . .
\nsqSupset () . . . . . .
\nsqsupset () . . . . . .
\nsqsupset (b) . . . . . .
\nsqsupset () . . . . . .
\nsqsupseteq () . . . .
\nsqsupseteq (A) . . . .
\nsqsupseteq () . . . .
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34
34
46
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45
45
34
34
45
46
47
45
45
47
34
34
31
34
31
34
32
31
34
32
31
34
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
\nsqsupseteqq () . . . . . . .
\nsqsupseteqq () . . . . . . .
\nsqtriplefrown () . . . . . .
\nsqtriplesmile () . . . . . .
\nsquigarrowdownup () . .
\nsquigarrowleftright ()
\nsquigarrownesw () . . . .
\nsquigarrownwse () . . . . .
\nsquigarrowrightleft ()
\nsquigarrowsenw () . . . .
\nsquigarrowswne () . . . .
\nsquigarrowupdown () . . .
\nsststile (
37
37
48
48
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
) . . . . . . . . . 35
\nststile ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 35
\nsttstile ( ) . . . .
\nSubset () . . . . . .
\nSubset (>) . . . . . . .
\nSubset () . . . . . . .
\nsubset () . . . . . .
\nsubset () . . . . . . .
\nsubseteq () . . . . .
\nsubseteq (*) . . . .
\nsubseteq () . . . . .
\nsubseteqq () . . . .
\nsubseteqq (") . . . .
\nsubseteqq () . . . .
\nsucc () . . . . . . . .
\nsucc () . . . . . . . .
\nsucc () . . . . . . . .
\nsuccapprox () . . .
\nsuccapprox (8) . . .
\nsuccapprox () . . .
\nsucccurlyeq () . .
\nsucccurlyeq (%) . .
\nsucccurlyeq () . .
\nsucceq () . . . . . .
\nsucceq () . . . . . .
\nsucceq () . . . . . . .
\nsucceqq (:) . . . . . .
\nsuccsim () . . . . .
\nsuccsim () . . . . . .
\nsuccsim () . . . . . .
\nSupset () . . . . . .
\nSupset (?) . . . . . . .
\nSupset () . . . . . . .
\nsupset () . . . . . .
\nsupset () . . . . . . .
\nsupseteq () . . . . .
\nsupseteq (+) . . . .
\nsupseteq () . . . . .
\nsupseteqq () . . . .
\nsupseteqq (#) . . . .
\nsupseteqq () . . . .
\nSwarrow () . . . . .
\nswarrow () . . . . .
\nswarrowtail () . .
\nswfilledspoon ()
\nswfootline () . . .
\nswfree () . . . . . .
\nswharpoonccw () .
\nswharpooncw () . .
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35
37
37
37
37
37
37
36
37
37
37
37
32
31
33
32
31
33
32
31
33
32
31
33
31
32
31
33
37
37
37
37
37
37
36
37
37
36
37
45
45
45
47
33
33
46
46
\nswlsquigarrow ()
\nswmapsto () . . . .
\nswModels () . . . .
\nswmodels () . . . .
\nswnearrows () . .
\nswneharpoons () .
\nswpitchfork () . .
\nswrsquigarrow ()
\nswspoon () . . . . .
\nswswarrows () . .
\nswVdash () . . . . .
\nswvdash () . . . . .
\ntdtstile (
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.
) . . . . . . . . . 35
ntheorem (package) . . . . . . .
\nthickapprox (5) . . . . . . .
\nto () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
\ntriangleeq () . . . . . . . .
\ntriangleleft () . . . . . .
\ntriangleleft (6) . . . . . .
\ntriangleleft () . . . . 39,
\ntrianglelefteq () . . . .
\ntrianglelefteq (5) . . . .
\ntrianglelefteq () . . 39,
\ntrianglelefteqslant (R)
\ntriangleright () . . . . .
\ntriangleright (7) . . . . .
\ntriangleright () . . . 39,
\ntrianglerighteq () . . . .
\ntrianglerighteq (4) . . .
\ntrianglerighteq () . 39,
\ntrianglerighteqslant (S)
\ntriplefrown () . . . . . . .
\ntriplesim () . . . . . . . . .
\ntriplesmile () . . . . . . .
\ntststile (
45
45
34
34
45
46
47
45
47
45
34
34
65
31
46
40
40
39
40
40
39
40
40
40
39
40
40
39
40
40
48
34
48
) . . . . . . . . . 35
\nttstile ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 35
\ntttstile (
) . . . . . . . . . 35
\ntwoheaddownarrow () . . . 45
\ntwoheadleftarrow (h) . . . 31
\ntwoheadleftarrow () . . 45
\ntwoheadnearrow () . . . . 45
\ntwoheadnwarrow () . . . . 45
\ntwoheadrightarrow (g) . . 31
\ntwoheadrightarrow () . . 45
\ntwoheadsearrow () . . . . 45
\ntwoheadswarrow () . . . . 45
\ntwoheaduparrow () . . . . . 45
\nu () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
nuclear power plant . see \SNPP
\NUL () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
null infinity see alphabets, math
null set . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65, 66
number sets see alphabets, math
number sign . see \textnumero
numbers . . . . . . . . . . see digits
circled . . . . . . . . . . 77, 94
numerals
Linear B . . . . . . . . . . . 85
old style . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
\NumLock ( Num ) . . . . . . . . 72
147
\nUparrow () . . . . . . . . . . . 45
\nuparrow () . . . . . . . . . . . 45
\nuparrowtail () . . . . . . . 45
\nUpdownarrow () . . . . . . . 45
\nupdownarrow () . . . . . . . 45
\nupdownarrows () . . . . . . 45
\nupdownharpoonleftright ()
. . . . . . . . . 46
\nupdownharpoonrightleft ()
. . . . . . . . . 46
\nupdownharpoons () . . . . . 46
\nUpdownline () . . . . . . . . 34
\nupdownline () . . . . . . . . 34
\nupfilledspoon () . . . . . . 47
\nupfootline () . . . . . . . . 34
\nupfree () . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
\nupharpoonccw () . . . . . . . 46
\nupharpooncw () . . . . . . . 46
\nuplsquigarrow () . . . . . . 45
\nupmapsto () . . . . . . . . . . 45
\nupModels () . . . . . . . . . 34
\nupmodels () . . . . . . . . . . 34
\nuppitchfork () . . . . . . . 47
\nuprsquigarrow () . . . . . . 45
\nupspoon () . . . . . . . . . . . 47
\nupuparrows () . . . . . . . . 45
\nupVdash () . . . . . . . . . . 34
\nupvdash () . . . . . . . . . . . 34
\nuup () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
\nvargeq () . . . . . . . . . . . 38
\nvarleq () . . . . . . . . . . . 38
\nvarparallel () . . . . . . . 31
\nvarparallelinv () . . . . . 31
\nVDash (*) . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
\nVDash (3) . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
\nVDash () . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
\nVdash (.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
\nVdash (1) . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
\nVdash () . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
\nvDash (*) . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
\nvDash (2) . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
\nvDash () . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
\nvdash (&) . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
\nvdash (0) . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
\nvdash () . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
\nVvash (.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
\Nwarrow (v) . . . . . . . . . . . 42
\Nwarrow () . . . . . . . . . . . 43
\nwarrow () . . . . . . . . . . . 42
\nwarrow (-) . . . . . . . 41, 106
\nwarrow () . . . . . . . . . . . 43
\nwarrowtail (%) . . . . . . . . 43
\nwfilledspoon (u) . . . . . . 47
\nwfootline (}) . . . . . . . . . 32
\nwfree () . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
\nwharpoonccw (E) . . . . . . . 46
\nwharpooncw (M) . . . . . . . . 46
\nwlsquigarrow () . . . . . . 43
\nwmapsto (-) . . . . . . . . . . 43
\nwModels () . . . . . . . . . . 32
\nwmodels () . . . . . . . . . . 32
\nwnwarrows () . . . . . . . . 43
\nwpitchfork () . . . . . . . . 47
\nwrsquigarrow () .
\Nwsearrow () . . . .
\nwsearrow (&) . . . .
\nwsearrow () . . . .
\nwsearrows () . . .
\nwsebipropto () . .
\nwsecrossing () . .
\nwseharpoonnesw (S)
\nwseharpoons (_) . .
\nwseharpoonswne (W)
\Nwseline () . . . . .
\nwseline () . . . . .
\nwspoon (m) . . . . . .
\nwVdash () . . . . . .
\nwvdash () . . . . . .
.
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. 43
. 43
106
. 43
. 43
. 24
. 32
. 46
. 46
. 46
. 32
. 32
. 47
. 32
. 32
O
\O () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
\o () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
o (o) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
\oast () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
\oasterisk (f) . . . . . . . . . . 25
\obackslash (n) . . . . . . . . . 25
\obackslash () . . . . . . . . . 25
\obar (:) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
\Obelus (
) . . . . . . . . . . . 95
\obelus ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 95
\Obelus* ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 95
\obelus* ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 95
\oblong (@) . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
\obot (k) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
\obslash (;) . . . . . . . . . . . 22
\oc () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
\ocirc (e) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
\ocirc () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
\ocircle (#) . . . . . . . . . . . 23
\ocoasterisk (g) . . . . . . . . 25
\octagon (8) . . . . . . . . . . . 78
octonions (O) . . see alphabets,
math
\Octosteel () . . . . . . . . . . 73
\od (a) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
\odiv(c) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
\odot (d) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
\odot () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
\odot () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
\odplus ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
\OE () . . . . . . . . . . . 10, 117
\oe () . . . . . . . . . . . . 10, 117
\officialeuro (e) . . . . . . . 19
\offinterlineskip . . . . . . 104
ogonek (package) . . 17, 119, 121
ogonek ( ) . . . . . . see accents
\ogreaterthan (=) . . . . . . . 22
{
\ohill (a)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
ohm . . . . . . . . . . see \textohm
\ohm () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
\Ohne (a
/ ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
\OHORN () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
\ohorn ()) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
\oiiint ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 28
\oiiint ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 30
L
\oiiintclockwise ( )D. . . .
\oiiintctrclockwise ( ) .
\oiint () . . . . . . . . . . . . .
\oiint ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 26,
\oiint ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . .
\oiint ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . .
28
28
27
28
28
30
\oiint () . . . . .H. . . . . . . . 29
\oiintclockwise ( ) @. . . . . 28
\oiintctrclockwise ( ) . . 28
\oint (H) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
\oint ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
\oint () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
\ointclockwise ( ) . . . . . . 27
\ointclockwise ( ) . . . . . . . 28
\ointclockwise ( ) . . . . . . . 30
\ointctrclockwise ( ) . . . . 27
\ointctrclockwise ( ) . . . . 28
\ointctrclockwise ( ) . . . . 30
old-style digits . . . . . . . . . . . 20
\oldstylenums . . . . . . . . . . 20
\oleft (h) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
\olessthan (<) . . . . . . . . . . 22
\Omega () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
\omega () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
\omegaup () . . . . . . . . . . . 50
\ominus (a) . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
\ominus ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
\ominus () . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
\onlymove (F) . . . . . . . . . . 93
\oo () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
\oo (@) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
\ooalign . . . . . . . . . . 104, 105
\open (z) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
open unit disk (D) . . . . . . see
alphabets, math
\openJoin ([) . . . . . . . . . . . 31
\openo (=) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
\openo (c) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
\openo (l) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
\opentimes (]) . . . . . . . . . . 31
operators
binary . . . . . . . . . . 2225
logical see logical operators
set . . . . . see set operators
unary . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
\oplus (`) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
\oplus () . . . . . . . 21, 22, 103
\oplus () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
\opposbishops (o) . . . . . . . 93
\opposition (W) . . . . . . . . 71
optical scaling . . . . . . . . . . 109
options . . . see package options
or . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . see \vee
OR gates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
\ORd (
) . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
\oright (i) . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
\ORl () . . . . . . . . . . . 73
148
\OrnamentDiamondSolid ( ) 80
ornaments . . . . . . . . . . . 78, 80
\ORr ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 73
orthogonal to . . . . . . see \bot
\ORu () . . . .
\oslash (m) . . . .
\oslash () . . . .
\oslash () . . . .
\ostar () . . . . .
\otimes (b) . . . .
\otimes () . . . .
\otimes () . . . .
\otop (j) . . . . . .
\otriangle (d) . .
\otriangleup (o)
ovals . . . . . . . . . .
\ovee (>) . . . . . .
_
\overarc (a
) ....
hkkikkj
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..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
25,
..
..
..
..
73
25
22
25
25
25
22
25
25
40
25
80
22
17
\overbrace (
) . . . . . . . 60
\overbrace ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 60
\overbrace (
z}|{
) . . . . . . . . 60
z}|{
) . . . . . . . . 59
\overbrace (
\overbracket ( ) . . . . . . . . 60
\overbracket ( ) . . . . 108, 109
\overbridge (a) . . . . . . . . . 16
hkkk j
\overgroup (
) ........
\overgroup ( ) . . . . . . . . .
) . . . . . .
\overleftarrow (
(
\overleftharp ( ) . . . . . . .
\overleftharpdown ()) . . . .
) . . . .
\overleftharpoon (
) .
\overleftrightarrow (
\overline ( ) . . . . . . . . 21,
x) . . . .
\overlinesegment (z
z{
\overparenthesis ( )
) .
\Overrightarrow (=
overrightarrow (package)
) .
\overrightarrow (
\overrightharp (*) . . .
\overrightharpdown (+)
)
\overrightharpoon (
\overring (x) . . . . . .
\overset . . . . . . . . . .
\overt () . . . . . . . . .
\ovoid (l) . . . . . . . . .
\owedge (?) . . . . . . . .
\owns . . . . . . . . . . . . .
\owns (Q) . . . . . . . . . .
\owns (3) . . . . . . . . . .
\owns () . . . . . . . . . .
\ownsbar (W) . . . . . . . .
60
60
59
47
47
60
59
59
60
108, 109
. . . . 59
59, 119
. . . . 59
. . . . 47
. . . 47
. . . . 60
. . . . 18
. . . 104
. . . . 25
. . . . 25
. . . . 22
see \ni
. . . . 52
. . . . 52
. . . . 52
. . . . 52
P
\P () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9, 116
\p ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
\p@ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
package options
a (esvect) . . . . . . . . . . . 61
b (esvect) . . . . . . . . . . . 61
bbgreekl (mathbbol) . . . 68
c (esvect) . . . . . . . . . . . 61
crescent (fge) . . . . . . . . 58
d (esvect) . . . . . . . . . . . 61
e (esvect) . . . . . . . . . . . 61
f (esvect) . . . . . . . . . . . 61
g (esvect) . . . . . . . . . . . 61
german (keystroke) . . . . 72
greek (babel) . . . . . 50, 87
h (esvect) . . . . . . . . . . . 61
integrals (wasysym) . . . . 26
mathcal (euscript) . . . . . 68
mathscr (euscript) . . . . . 68
nointegrals (wasysym) . . 26
polutonikogreek (babel) . 50
sans (dsfont) . . . . . . . . . 68
utf8x (inputenc) . . . . . 117
varg (txfonts/pxfonts) . . 51
packages
longdiv . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
accents . . 58, 107, 119, 121
amsbsy . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
amsfonts 22, 30, 36, 41, 65,
68
amsmath 8, 49, 58, 104, 112
amssymb . 8, 22, 30, 36, 41,
58, 65, 68, 87, 119, 120, 123
amstext . . . . . . . . 105, 106
ar . . . . . . . . . . . . 70, 119
arcs . . . . . . . . 17, 119, 120
arev . . . . . 67, 88, 119, 120
ascii . . . . 72, 115, 119, 120
babel . . . . . . . . . . . 50, 87
bbding 7578, 80, 101, 119,
120
bbm . . . . . . . . . . . 68, 119
bbold . . . . . . . . . . 68, 119
bm . . . . . . . 113, 119, 121
braket . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
calligra . . . . . . 68, 119, 121
calrsfs . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
cancel . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
cclicenses . . . . 19, 119, 120
centernot . . . . . . . . . . 105
chancery . . . . . . . . . . . 119
chemarr . . . . . 62, 119, 120
chemarrow . . . . 47, 62, 119
china2e 19, 49, 68, 98, 119,
121
clock . . . . . . . 92, 119, 120
cmll . . . 21, 24, 30, 36, 119
colonequals 21, 36, 119, 120
combelow . . . . 17, 119, 121
cypriot . . . . . . 86, 119, 121
dblaccnt . . . . . . . . . . . 107
dictsym . . . . . 96, 119, 120
dingbat 76, 80, 101, 119, 120
DotArrow . . . . 63, 119, 121
dozenal . . . . . . . . 65, 119
dsfont . . . . . . . . . 68, 119
149
vntex . . . . . . . . . . . 10, 14
wasysym . . . . . . 13, 18, 20,
22, 23, 26, 30, 31, 3638, 41,
6466, 70, 71, 73, 77, 78, 88,
101, 119, 120
wsuipa 13, 16, 18, 101, 103,
107, 119, 120
xfrac . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
yfonts . . . 68, 69, 119, 120
yhmath 58, 59, 61, 64, 107,
119
Pakin, Scott . . . . . . 1, 108, 118
\PaperLandscape ( ) . . . . . 92
\PaperPortrait ( ) . . . . . . 92
par see \bindnasrepma, \invamp,
and \parr
paragraph mark . . . . . . . see \P
\parallel (k) . . . . . . . . 30, 56
\parallel () . . . . . . . . . . . 33
\ParallelPort () . . . . . . . 72
\parallelslant () . . . . . . . 36
\parr (`) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
\partial (B ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
\partial () . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
\partial () . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
\partialslash (C ) . . . . . . . 52
\partialvardint () . . . . 67
\partialvardlanddownint () 67
\partialvardlandupint () 67
\partialvardlcircleleftint
() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
\partialvardlcircleleftint
() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
\partialvardlcirclerightint
() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
\partialvardlcirclerightint
() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
\partialvardoiint () . . . 67
\partialvardoint () . . . . . 67
\partialvardrcircleleftint
() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
\partialvardrcircleleftint
() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
\partialvardrcirclerightint
() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
\partialvardrcirclerightint
() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
\partialvardstrokedint () 67
\partialvardsumint () . . . 67
\partialvartint () . . . . . 67
\partialvartlanddownint () 67
\partialvartlandupint () 67
\partialvartlcircleleftint
() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
\partialvartlcircleleftint
() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
\partialvartlcirclerightint
() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
\partialvartlcirclerightint
() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
\partialvartoiint () . . . 67
\partialvartoint () . . . . . 67
\partialvartrcircleleftint
() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
\partialvartrcircleleftint
() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
\partialvartrcirclerightint
() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
\partialvartrcirclerightint
() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
\partialvartstrokedint () 67
\partialvartsumint () . . . 67
particle-physics symbols . . . . 74
parts per thousand . . . . . . see
\textperthousand
\partvoice (a
) . . . . . . . . . . 16
\partvoiceless
(a
) . . . . . . . 16
\passedpawn (r) . . . . . . . . . 93
pawn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
pdfLATEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
\Peace ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
\PencilLeft ( ) . . . . . . . . 76
\PencilLeftDown ( ) . . . . . 76
\PencilLeftUp ( ) . . . . . . . 76
\PencilRight ( ) . . . . . . . 76
\PencilRightDown ( ) . . . . 76
\PencilRightUp ( ) . . . . . . 76
pencils . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
\pentagon (D) . . . . . . . . . . 78
\pentagram () . . . . . . . . . . 25
\pentam (||)
. . . . . . . . . 95
people . . . . . . . . . . . . see faces
percent sign . . . . . . . . . see \%
\permil (h) . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
\Perp (y) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
\perp () . . . . . . . . . . 30, 106
\perp () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
\perthousand () . . . . . . . 70
\Pfund () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
\PgDown ( Page ) . . . . . . . 72
\PgUp ( Page ) . . . . . . . . . 72
phaistos (package) . 81, 119, 120
Phaistos disk . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
pharmaceutical prescription
see
\textrecipe
\PHchild (E) . . . . . . . . . . . 81
\PHclub (M) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
\PHcolumn (W) . . . . . . . . . . . 81
\PHcomb (U) . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
\PHdolium (T) . . . . . . . . . . 81
\PHdove (f) . . . . . . . . . . . 81
\PHeagle (e) . . . . . . . . . . . 81
\PHflute (o)
. . . . . . . . . . . 81
\PHgaunlet (H) . . . . . . . . . 81
\PHgrater (p)
. . . . . . . . . . 81
\PHhelmet (G) . . . . . . . . . . 81
\PHhide (a) . . . . . . . . . . . 81
\PHhorn (Z)
\Phi () . .
\phi () . .
\phiup ()
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
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.
.
.
81
50
50
50
\PHlid (Q) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
\PHlily (m)
. . . . . . . . . . . . 81
\PHmanacles (N)
. . . . . . . . 81
\PHmattock (O) . . . . . . . . . 81
\Phone ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
\phone () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
\PhoneHandset ( )
phonetic (package) .
119
phonetic symbols . .
\photon (::::) . .
photons . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . 80
13, 16, 103,
. . . . 1114
. . . . . . . 70
. . . . . . . 74
\PHoxBack (n) . . . . . . . . . . 81
\PHpapyrus (k) . . . . . . . . . . 81
\PHpedestrian (A) . . . . . . 81
\PHplaneTree (i) . . . . . . . . 81
\PHarrow (J) . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
\phase ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
phasor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
\PHplumedHead (B) . . . . . 81
\PHbee (h)
\PHram (d) . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
. . . . . . . . . . . . 81
\PHrosette (l) . . . . . . . . . 81
\PHbeehive (X) . . . . . . . . 81
\PHboomerang (R) . . . . . . . 81
\PHsaw (P) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
\PHshield (L) . . . . . . . . . . 81
\PHbow (K) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
\PHship (Y) . . . . . . . . . . . 81
\PHbullLeg (b) . . . . . . . . . . 81
\PHsling (V) . . . . . . . . . . . 81
\PHcaptive (D) . . . . . . . . . 81
\PHsmallAxe (r) . . . . . . . . 81
\PHcarpentryPlane (S) . . . 81
\PHstrainer (q)
\PHcat (c) . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
\PHtattooedHead (C) . . . . 81
150
. . . . . . . 81
\PHtiara (I) . . . . . . . . . . . 81
\PHtunny (g) . . . . . . . . . . 81
\PHvine (j) . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
\PHwavyBand (s) . . . . . . . . . 81
\PHwoman (F) . . . . . . . . . . . 81
physical symbols . . . . . . . . . 70
\Pi () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
\pi () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
\pi () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
\Pickup (A) . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
pict2e (package) . . . . . . . . . . 70
pifont (package) . . 10, 7578, 80,
103, 119, 120
pigpen (package) . . 98, 119, 120
pigpen cipher . . . . . . . . . . . 98
{\pigpenfont A} (A) . . . . . 98
{\pigpenfont B} (B) . . . . . 98
{\pigpenfont C} (C) . . . . . 98
{\pigpenfont D} (D) . . . . . 98
{\pigpenfont E} (E) . . . . . 98
{\pigpenfont F} (F) . . . . . 98
{\pigpenfont G} (G) . . . . . 98
{\pigpenfont H} (H) . . . . . 98
{\pigpenfont I} (I) . . . . . 98
{\pigpenfont J} (J) . . . . . 98
{\pigpenfont K} (K) . . . . . 98
{\pigpenfont L} (L) . . . . . 98
{\pigpenfont M} (M) . . . . . 98
{\pigpenfont N} (N) . . . . . 98
{\pigpenfont O} (O) . . . . . 98
{\pigpenfont P} (P) . . . . . 98
{\pigpenfont Q} (Q) . . . . . 98
{\pigpenfont R} (R) . . . . . 98
{\pigpenfont S} (S) . . . . . 98
{\pigpenfont T} (T) . . . . . 98
{\pigpenfont U} (U) . . . . . 98
{\pigpenfont V} (V) . . . . . 98
{\pigpenfont W} (W) . . . . . 98
{\pigpenfont X} (X) . . . . . 98
{\pigpenfont Y} (Y) . . . . . 98
{\pigpenfont Z} (Z) . . . . . 98
pilcrow . . . . . . . . . . . . . see \P
pipe . . . . . . . . . see \textpipe
\Pisces () . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
\pisces (f) . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
\Pisymbol . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
\pitchfork (&) . . . . . . . . . . 66
\pitchfork (t) . . . . . . . . . . 30
\pitchfork () . . . . . . . . . . 47
pitchfork symbols . . . 30, 47, 66
Pitmans base-12 symbols . . 65
\piup () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
\planck (h) . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
\Plane ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
planets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
playing cards . . . . see card suits
Plimsoll line . . . . . . . . . . . 104
\Plus ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
\plus (+) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
plus-or-minus sign . . . . see \pm
\PlusCenterOpen ( ) . . . . . 76
\pluscirc ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 23
\PlusOutline ( ) . . . . . . . . 76
plusses . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76, 77
\PlusThinCenterOpen ( ) . . 76
\Pluto (I) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
\Pluto () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
\pluto (\) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
\pm () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
\pm () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
\pm ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
\pmb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
pmboxdraw (package) . . 97, 119,
120
\pmod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
\pod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
\pointer ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
pointing finger . . . . . . . see fists
\Pointinghand (Z) . . . . . . . 90
\polishhook (~) . . . . . . . . . 18
'
&
\polter (
) . . . . . . . . . . . 63
\ppp ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
\Pppp () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
\pppp ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
\Ppppp () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
\ppppp ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
\Pr (Pr) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
\prec () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
\prec () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
\precapprox () . . . . . . . . . 32
\precapprox (w) . . . . . . . . . 30
\precapprox () . . . . . . . . . 33
\preccurlyeq () . . . . . . . . 32
\preccurlyeq (4) . . . . . . . . 30
\preccurlyeq () . . . . . . . . 33
\precdot () . . . . . . . . . . . 32
\preceq () . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
151
\preceq () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
\preceqq () . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
\precnapprox () . . . . . . . . 32
\precnapprox () . . . . . . . . 31
\precnapprox () . . . . . . . . 34
\precneq () . . . . . . . . . . . 32
\precneqq () . . . . . . . . . . 31
\precnsim () . . . . . . . . . . 32
\precnsim () . . . . . . . . . . 31
\precnsim () . . . . . . . . . . . 34
\precsim () . . . . . . . . . . . 32
\precsim (-) . . . . . . . . . . . 30
\precsim () . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
prescription . . see \textrecipe
present-value symbols . . . . 108
\prime (0) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
\prime () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
\Printer () . . . . . . . . . . . 72
printers fist . . . . . . . . see fists
probabilistic
Q independence . 106
\prod ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
\prod () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
projective space (P) . . . . . see
alphabets, math
\projlim (proj lim) . . . . . . . 49
pronunciation symbols . . . . see
phonetic symbols
proof, end of . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
proper subset/superset . . . . see
\subsetneq/\supsetneq
proper vertices . . . . . . . . . . 74
\propto (9) . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
\propto () . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
\propto () . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
proto-Semitic symbols . . . . . 81
protosem (package) 81, 119, 120
\ProvidesPackage . . . . . . . 119
\PrtSc ( PrtSc ) . . . . . . . . . 72
\ps ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
pseudographics . . . . . . . . . . 97
\Psi () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
\psi () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
\psiup () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
psnfss (package) . . . . . . . . . . 77
\Pu ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
pullback diagrams . . . . . . . 106
pulse diagram symbols . . . . . 70
\PulseHigh ( ) . . . . . . . . . 70
\PulseLow ( ) . . . . . . . . . 70
punctuation . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
pushout diagrams . . . . . . . 106
\pwedge (U) . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
pxfonts (package) . 2123, 27, 30,
31, 3638, 41, 42, 48, 5052,
65, 66, 68, 100, 115
\Pxp () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
\pxp ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
$
%
Q.E.D. . . . .
\qoppa () . .
\qside (M) .
\Quadrad (]])
Q
..
..
..
..
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65
87
93
57
\quadrad (]]) . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
\Quadras ([[) . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
\quadras ([[) . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
quarter note see musical symbols
\quarternote () . . . . . . . . 88
\quarternote () . . . . . . . . . 88
quaternions (H)
see alphabets,
math
quaver . . . see musical symbols
queen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
\quotedblbase () . . . . 10, 117
\quotesinglbase () . . 10, 117
R
\R () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
\r (
a) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
\r () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
\Radiation ( ) . . . . . . . . . 92
radicals . . see \sqrt and \surd
\Radioactivity (j) . . . . . . 74
\Rain ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
\RainCloud ( ) . . . . . . . . . 91
raising . . . . . see \textraising
\RaisingEdge ( ) . . . . . . . . 70
\Rangle (>) . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
\rAngle (ii) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
\rangle (i) . . . . . . . . . . 21, 54
\rangle () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
\ranglebar (s) . . . . . . . . . . 55
\RArrow ( ) . . . . . . . . .
\rarrowfill . . . . . . . . . . .
\ratio (:) . . . . . . . . . . . . .
\RATIONAL ( ) . . . . . . . . . .
\Rational ( ) . . . . . . . . . .
rational numbers (Q) . . . . .
alphabets, math
rationalized Planck constant
\hbar
\Rbag (Q) . . . . . . . . . . . . .
\rbag (O) . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
\rbrace ( ) . . . . . . . . . .
............
\Rbrack (])
\rBrack (]]) . . . . . . . . . . . .
\rc (a
) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
\rCeil (ee) . . . . . . . . . . . . .
\rceil (e) . . . . . . . . . . . . .
\rceil ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . .
\rcirclearrowdown
() . .
\rcirclearrowleft () . .
\rcirclearrowright () .
\rcirclearrowup () . . . .
\rcircleleftint () . . . . .
\rcirclerightint () . . . .
\rcorners (w) . . . . . . . . . .
\rcurvearrowdown () . . . .
\rcurvearrowleft () . . .
\rcurvearrowne () . . . . .
.
.
.
.
.
72
62
36
49
49
see
see
. 53
. 53
.
.
.
.
.
.
55
68
56
16
56
54
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
55
44
44
44
44
29
29
53
44
44
44
\rcurvearrownw () . . . . . . 44
\rcurvearrowright () . . . . 44
\rcurvearrowse () . . . . . . 44
\rcurvearrowsw () . . . . . . 44
\rcurvearrowup () . . . . . . . 44
\rdbrack (w) . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
\Re (<) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
\REAL ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
\Real ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
real numbers (R) see alphabets,
math
recipe . . . . . . see \textrecipe
\recorder () . . . . . . . . . . . 88
\Rectangle ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 80
\RectangleBold ( ) . . . . . . . 80
rectangles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
\RectangleThin ( ) . . . . . . . 80
\Rectpipe () . . . . . . . . . . . 73
\Rectsteel () . . . . . . . . . . 73
recycle (package) . . . . . 99, 119
v
t
\recycle (
) . . . . . . 99
recycling symbols . . . . . 98, 99
reduced quadrupole moment see
\rqm
\reflectbox . . . . . . . . . . . 103
registered trademark . . . . . see
\textregistered
relational symbols . . . . . . . . 30
binary 3032, 3439, 47, 48
negated binary . . . . 3133
triangle . . . . . . . . . 39, 40
\Relbar (=) . . . . . . . . 48, 103
\Relbar () . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
\relbar () . . . . . . . . 48, 103
\relbar () . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
\Request ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 98
\resizebox . . . . . . . . . 47, 100
\Respondens () . . . . . . . . . 95
\respondens ( ) . . . . . . . . . 95
response ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 118
\restoresymbol . . . . . . . . 100
\restriction . . . . . . . . . . see
\upharpoonright
\restriction () . . . . . . . . 42
\restriction () . . . . . . . . 46
retracting see \textretracting
\Return ( - ) . . . . . . . . . . 72
return . .. . . see carriage return
\revaw ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
>
\revD () . . . . . . . . .
.
\revddots ( . . ) . . . . .
\reve () . . . . . . . . .
\reveject (f) . . . . . .
\revepsilon () . . . .
reverse solidus . . . . . .
\textbackslash
reversed symbols . . . .
152
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. . . 13
. . 107
. . . 13
. . . 13
13, 103
. . . see
. . . . 103
\reversedvideodbend (
\revglotstop (c) . . . .
\Rewind () . . . . . . . .
\RewindToIndex () .
\RewindToStart
() . .
?
.
.
.
.
)
..
..
..
..
.
.
.
.
.
89
13
90
90
90
\rfilet (??) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
\rFloor (cc) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
\rfloor (c) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
\rfloor () . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
\rgroup () . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
) . . . . . . . . . . . 55
\rgroup (
\RHD () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
\rhd (B) . . . . . . . . . . . . 22, 23
\rhd () . . . . . . . . . . . . 39, 40
\rho () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
\rho ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
\rhookdownarrow (;) . . . . . . 44
\rhookleftarrow () . . . . . 44
\rhooknearrow () . . . . . . . 44
\rhooknwarrow (=) . . . . . . . 44
\rhookrightarrow (8) . . . . 44
\rhooksearrow (?) . . . . . . . 44
\rhookswarrow () . . . . . . . 43
\rhookuparrow (9) . . . . . . . . 43
\rhoup () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
\right . . . . . . 54, 56, 100, 102
\rightangle () . . . . . . . . . 67
\RIGHTarrow () . . . . . . . . . 88
\Rightarrow () . . . . . 21, 41
\Rightarrow () . . . . . . . . 43
\rightarrow () . . . . . . . . 42
\rightarrow () . . . . . . . . 41
\rightarrow () . . . . . . . . . 43
\rightarrowtail () . . . . . 41
\rightarrowtail () . . . . . 43
\rightarrowtriangle (_) . . 42
\rightbarharpoon () . . . . 43
\RIGHTCIRCLE (H) . . . . . . . . 88
\RIGHTcircle (H
#) . . . . . . . . 88
\Rightcircle (J) . . . . . . . . 88
\RightDiamond ( ) . . . . . . . 79
\rightevaw ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 56
\rightfilledspoon (p)
\rightfootline (x) . .
\rightfree () . . . . . .
\righthalfcap () . . .
\righthalfcup () . . .
\righthand (u) . . . . .
\rightharpoonccw ()
\rightharpooncw () .
\rightharpoondown ()
\rightharpoondown (+)
\rightharpoonup () .
\rightharpoonup (*) .
\rightleftarrows ()
\rightleftarrows ()
\rightleftarrows ()
\rightleftharpoon ()
.
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47
33
33
24
24
76
46
46
43
41
43
41
42
41
43
43
\rightleftharpoons ()
\rightleftharpoons (
)
\rightleftharpoons (*
))
\rightleftharpoons ()
\rightleftharpoonsfill
\rightlsquigarrow () .
\rightmapsto () . . . . .
\rightModels () . . . . .
\rightmodels () . . . . .
\rightmoon (L) . . . . . . .
\rightmoon (%) . . . . . . .
\rightp (w) . . . . . . . . . .
\rightpitchfork () . .
\rightpointleft (
) .
.
.
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.
.
.
.
.
.
.
\rightpointright (
) .
\rightpropto () . . . . . .
\rightrightarrows () .
\rightrightarrows () .
\rightrightarrows () . .
\rightrightharpoons ()
\rightrsquigarrow () . .
\Rightscissors (Q) . . . .
\rightslice (3) . . . . . . .
\rightslice () . . . . . . .
\rightspoon () . . . . . .
\rightsquigarrow () .
\rightsquigarrow ( ) . .
\rightsquigarrow () . .
\rightt (o) . . . . . . . . . . .
\righttherefore ( ) . . .
\rightthreetimes (%) . .
\rightthreetimes (i) . .
\rightthreetimes () . . .
\rightthumbsdown (
) .
\rightthumbsup (
) ...
\righttoleftarrow () .
\Righttorque (') . . . . . .
\rightturn (!) . . . . . . .
\rightVdash () . . . . . . .
\rightvdash ()
.......
\rightwave ( ) . . . . . . . .
d
u
\rightY (() . . . . .
\ring () . . . . . . .
ring (
a) . . . . . . . . .
ring equal to . . . . .
ring in equal to . . .
\riota ( ) . . . . . . .
\rip (O) . . . . . . . .
\risingdotseq ()
\risingdotseq (:)
\risingdotseq ()
\rJoin (Y) . . . . . .
\rlap . . . . . .. . . .
.
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43
41
41
46
62
43
43
33
33
71
71
18
47
76
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
23,
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
76
33
42
41
43
43
43
75
22
33
47
42
41
44
18
64
66
22
23
76
76
42
73
88
33
33
. . 56
. . . . . . . 23
. . . . . . . 58
see accents
see \circeq
see \eqcirc
. . . . . . . 13
. . . . . . . 93
. . . . . . . 32
. . . . . . . 30
. . . . . . . 33
. . . . . . . 31
. . . 79, 106
\rmoustache () . . . . . . . . 54
\rmoustache (
) . . . . . . . . 55
Roman coins . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Romanian comma-belo accent (a,)
. . . . . see accents
rook . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
. . . . . . . . . . . 55
\rrbracket () . . . . . . . . . . 54
\rrbracket ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 57
\rrceil (W) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
\rrfloor (U) . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
\Rrightarrow (V) . . . . . . . 42
\Rrightarrow () . . . . . . . . 43
\rrparenthesis (M) . . . . . . . 53
\RS () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
M
Q
) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
\rsem ( Q
Q
Q
Q
\rsemantic
O . . . . . see \rdbrack
\Rsh () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
\Rsh () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
\Rsh () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
\rtimes () . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
\rtimes (o) . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
\rtimes () . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
\rtriple . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
\rVert (||) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
\rVert (k) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
\rvert (|) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
\rwave ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
_
_
\rWavy ( _
_
_) . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
^^_
_
\rwavy ( ^^^) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
^^
S
\S () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9, 116
\SAa (a) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
\SAb (b) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
\SAd (d) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
\SAdb (D) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
\SAdd (B) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
\SAf (f) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
safety-related symbols . . . . . 74
\SAg (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
\SAga (G) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
\Sagittarius () . . . . . . . . 71
\sagittarius (c) . . . . . . . . 71
\SAh (h) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
\SAhd (H) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
\SAhu (I) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
153
\SAk (k) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
\SAl (l) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
\SAlq () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
\SAm (m) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
\samebishops (s) . . . . . . . . 93
\Sampi () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
\sampi () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
\SAn (n) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
sans (dsfont package option) . 68
\SAo (o) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
\SAq (q) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
\SAr (r) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
\sarabfamily . . . . . . . . . . . 87
sarabian (package) . 87, 119, 121
\SAs (s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
\SAsa (X) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
\SAsd (x) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
\SAsv (S) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
\SAt (t) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
\SAtb (J) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
\SAtd (T) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
\satellitedish ( ) . . . . . . 80
satisfies . . . . . . . . . see \models
\Saturn (F) . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
\Saturn () . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
\saturn (Y) . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
savesym (package) . . . . . . . 100
\savesymbol . . . . . . . . . . . 100
\SAw (w) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
\SAy (y) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
\SAz (z) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
\SAzd (Z) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
\Sborder ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 80
\scalebox . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
scaling
mechanical . . . . . . 109, 112
optical . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
\scd () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
\scg () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
\schwa () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
\schwa (e) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Schwartz distribution spaces see
alphabets, math
\sci (*) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
scientific symbols . . . . . . 7074
\ScissorHollowLeft ( ) . . 75
\ScissorHollowRight ( ) . 75
\ScissorLeft ( ) . . . . . . . 75
\ScissorLeftBrokenBottom ( )
. . . . . . . . . 75
\ScissorLeftBrokenTop ( ) 75
\ScissorRight ( ) . . . . . . . 75
\ScissorRightBrokenBottom
( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
\ScissorRightBrokenTop ( ) 75
scissors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
\scn (:) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
\scoh () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
\Scorpio () . . . . . . . . . . . 71
\scorpio (b) . . . . . . . . . . . 71
\scr (J) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
) . . . . . . . . . 35
\sdststile (
) . . . . . . . . . 35
\sdtstile (
) . . . . . . . . . . 35
\sdttstile ( ) .
seagull . . . . . see
\Searrow (u) . . .
\Searrow () . . .
\searrow () . . .
\searrow (&) . . .
\searrow () . . .
\searrowtail (')
\sec (sec) . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . 35
\textseagull
. . . . . . . . 42
. . . . . . . . 43
. . . . . . . . 42
. . . . 41, 106
. . . . . . . . 43
. . . . . . . . 43
. . . . . . . . 49
\Sech ( ) )== . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
==
=
\SechBl ( )
==
\SechBR ( ==)
=
\SechBr ( )
\SechBL (== )
. . . . . . . . . . . . 89
. . . . . . . . . . . . 89
. . . . . . . . . . . . 89
. . . . . . . . . . . . 89
\second (2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
seconds, angular . . see \second
\secstress (i) . . . . . . . . . . . 18
section mark . . . . . . . . . see \S
\SectioningDiamond ( ) . . 92
sedenions (S) . . see alphabets,
math
\sefilledspoon (w) . . . . . . 47
\sefootline () . . . . . . . . . 33
\sefree () . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
segmented digits . . . . . . . . . 70
\seharpoonccw (G) . . . . . . . 46
\seharpooncw (O) . . . . . . . . 46
\selectfont . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
\selsquigarrow () . . . . . . 43
semantic valuation . . . . . 5457
\semapsto (/) . . . . . . . . . . 43
semibreve . see musical symbols
semidirect products . . 22, 23, 66
semiquaver see musical symbols
semitic transliteration . . 14, 17
\seModels () . . . . . . . . . . 33
\semodels () . . . . . . . . . . 33
semtrans (package) . 14, 17, 119,
120
\senwarrows () . . . . . . . . 43
\senwharpoons ([) . . . . . . . 46
\SePa ( @ ) . . . . . . . . .
\separated () . . . . .
\sepitchfork () . . .
\seppawns (q) . . . . .
\SerialInterface ()
\SerialPort () . . . .
.
.
.
.
.
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..
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.
.
.
.
89
33
47
93
72
72
\sersquigarrow () . . . . . . 43
\sesearrows () . . . . . . . . 43
\sespoon (o) . . . . . . . . . . . 47
set operators
intersection . . . . see \cap
membership . . . . . see \in
union . . . . . . . . . see \cup
\setminus (\) . . . . . . . . . . . 22
\setminus () . . . . . . . . . . . 24
\seVdash () . . . . . . . . . . . 32
\sevdash () . . . . . . . . . . . 33
SGML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
sha ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
\sharp (]) . . . . . . . . . . . 65, 88
\sharp () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
\shfermion () . . . . . . . . . . . 74
\Shift ( Shift ) . . . . . . . . 72
\shift () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
\Shilling () . . . . . . . . . . . 18
\shneg () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
\shortcastling (O-O) . . . . 93
\shortdownarrow () . . . . . . 42
\ShortFifty () . . . . . . . . 90
\ShortForty () . . . . . . . . 90
\shortleftarrow ( ) . . . . . 42
\shortmid (p) . . . . . . . . . . . 30
\shortmid () . . . . . . . . . . . 24
\ShortNinetyFive () . . . . 90
\shortparallel (q) . . . . . . . 30
\shortparallel () . . . . . . 32
\ShortPulseHigh ( ) . . . . . 70
\ShortPulseLow ( ) . . . . . . 70
\shortrightarrow () . . . . 42
\ShortSixty () . . . . . . . . 90
\ShortThirty () . . . . . . . 90
\shortuparrow () . . . . . . . 42
\showclock . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
\shpos () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
shuffle (package) . . 24, 119, 120
\shuffle ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 24
shuffle product ( ) . . . . . . . 24
\SI () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
\Sigma () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
\sigma () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
\sigmaup () . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
\sim () . . . . . . . . 30, 104, 115
\sim () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
\simcolon (:) . . . . . . . . . . 36
\simcoloncolon (::) . . . . . 36
\simeq (') . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
\simeq () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
simplewick (package) . . . . . 109
simpsons (package) . . . . 96, 119
Simpsons characters . . . . . . . 96
\sin (sin) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
\sincoh () . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
\sinh (sinh) . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
"
#
O) . .
\SixFlowerAltPetal (U) . .
\SixFlowerOpenCenter (M) .
\SixFlowerPetalDotted (Q)
\SixFlowerAlternate (
154
78
78
78
78
\SixFlowerPetalRemoved ( ) 78
\SixFlowerRemovedOpenPetal
( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
\SixStar ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 78
\SixteenStarLight ( ) . . . 78
sixteenth note . . . . see musical
symbols
\sixteenthnote () . . . . . . 88
skak (package) . 93, 94, 119, 120
skull (package) . . . . 93, 119, 120
\skull ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
\slash (/) . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
\slashb () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
\slashc (
) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
\slashd () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
\slashdiv () . . . . . . . . . . . 23
slashed (package) . . . . . . . . 105
\slashed . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
slashed letters . . . . . . . . . . 105
slashed.sty (file) . . . . . . . 105
\slashu (U) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
\Sleet ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
\sliding (a
) . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
\smallbosonloop () . . . . . . . 74
\smallbosonloopA () . . . . . . 74
\smallbosonloopV () . . . . . . 74
\SmallCircle ( ) . . . . . . . . 79
\SmallCross ( ) . . . . . . . . 79
\smalldiamond () . . . . . . . 25
\SmallDiamondshape ( ) . . 79
\smallfrown (a) . . . . . . . . . 30
\smallfrown () . . . . . . . . . 48
\SmallHBar ( ) . . . . . . . . . 79
\smallin ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
\smallint () . . . . . . . . . . . 66
\SmallLowerDiamond ( ) . . 79
\smalllozenge () . . . . . . . . 79
\smallowns () . . . . . . . . . . 52
\smallpencil (
) . . . . . . 76
\smallprod () . . . . . . . . . . 23
\SmallRightDiamond ( ) . . 79
\smallsetminus (r) . . . . . . 22
\smallsetminus () . . . . . . 24
\smallsmile (`) . . . . . . . . . 30
\smallsmile () . . . . . . . . . 48
\SmallSquare ( ) . . . . . . . . 79
\smallsquare () . . . . . . . . 25
\smallstar () . . . . . . . . . . 25
\SmallTriangleDown ( ) . . 79
\smalltriangledown () . . . 25
\smalltriangledown ()
25, 40
\SmallTriangleLeft ( ) . . 79
\smalltriangleleft () . . . 25
\smalltriangleleft ()
25, 40
\SmallTriangleRight ( ) . . 79
\smalltriangleright () . . 25
\smalltriangleright () 25, 40
\SmallTriangleUp ( ) . . . . 79
\smalltriangleup () . . . . . 25
E
\
C
B
\smalltriangleup () . .
\SmallVBar ( ) . . . . . . .
\smile (^) . . . . . . . . . . .
\smile () . . . . . . . . . . .
smile symbols . . . . . . . . .
\smileeq ( ) . . . . . . . . . .
\smileeqfrown (&) . . . . .
\smilefrown () . . . . . . .
\smilefrowneq (() . . . . .
\Smiley () . . . . . . . . . .
\smiley (,) . . . . . . . . . .
smiley faces . . . . . 72, 88,
\sndtstile ( ) . . . . . . .
\Snow ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . .
\SnowCloud ( ) . . . . . . .
\Snowflake ( ) . . . . . . .
\SnowflakeChevron ( ) .
\SnowflakeChevronBold (
snowflakes . . . . . . . . . . . .
25,
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
90,
..
..
..
..
..
)
..
40
79
30
48
48
48
48
48
48
90
88
98
35
91
91
78
78
78
78
\SNPP ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
\snststile ( ) . . . . . . . . . 35
\sntstile ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 35
\snttstile ( ) . . . . . . . . . 35
\SO () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
\SOH () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
South Arabian alphabet . . . . 87
space
thin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
visible . . . . . . . . . . . . see
\textvisiblespace
\Spacebar (
) . . . . 72
spades (suit) . . . . . . . 6567, 80
\spadesuit () . . . . . . . . . . 65
\spadesuit () . . . . . . . . . . 66
\Sparkle ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 78
\SparkleBold ( ) . . . . . . . . 78
sparkles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
special characters . . . . . . . . 9
\SpecialForty () . . . . . . 90
\sphericalangle (?) . . . . . 66
\sphericalangle (^) . . . . . 66
\sphericalangle () . . . . . 66
\SpinDown () . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
\SpinUp () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
) . . . . . . . 58
\spirituslenis (a
\spirituslenis () . . . . . . . 58
\splitvert () . . . . . . . . . . 72
spoon symbols . . . . . . . . . . . 47
\spreadlips (a
) . . . . . . . . . 16
\sqbullet (
) . . . . . . . . . . . 23
\sqcap ([) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
\sqcap (u) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
\sqcap () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
\sqcapdot (E) . . . . . . . . . . . 23
\sqcapplus (}) . . . . . . . . . . 23
\sqcapplus (G) . . . . . . . . . . 23
\sqcup (\) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
\sqcup (t) . . . . . . . . . . 21, 22
\sqcup () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
\sqcupdot (D) . . . . . .
\sqcupplus (|) . . . . .
\sqcupplus (F) . . . . .
\sqdoublecap (^) . . .
\sqdoublecup (_) . . .
\sqdoublefrown (-) . .
\sqdoublefrowneq (7)
\sqdoublesmile (,) . .
\sqdoublesmileeq (6)
\sqeqfrown (5) . . . . .
\sqeqsmile (4) . . . . .
\sqfrown (+) . . . . . . .
\sqfrowneq (3) . . . . .
\sqfrowneqsmile (9) .
\sqfrownsmile
R (1) . .
\sqiiint ( ) . . . . .
P
\sqiint ( ) . . . . . . .
\sqiint ( ) . . . . . . .
\sqint ( ) . . . . . . . .
\sqint () . . . . . . . . .
\sqrt (
) ........
\sqsmile (*) . . . . . . .
\sqsmileeq (2) . . . . .
\sqsmileeqfrown (8) .
\sqsmilefrown (0) . .
\Sqsubset (^) . . . . . .
\sqSubset () . . . . .
\sqsubset () . . . . .
\sqsubset (@) . . . . .
\sqsubset () . . . . . .
\sqsubseteq () . . . .
\sqsubseteq (v) . . . .
\sqsubseteq () . . . .
\sqsubseteqq () . . .
\sqsubseteqq (\) . . .
\sqsubsetneq () . . .
\sqsubsetneq () . . .
\sqsubsetneqq () . .
\sqsubsetneqq () . .
\Sqsupset (_) . . . . . .
\sqSupset () . . . . .
\sqsupset () . . . . .
\sqsupset (A) . . . . .
\sqsupset () . . . . . .
\sqsupseteq () . . . .
\sqsupseteq (w) . . . .
\sqsupseteq () . . . .
\sqsupseteqq () . . .
\sqsupseteqq (]) . . .
\sqsupsetneq () . . .
\sqsupsetneq () . . .
\sqsupsetneqq () . .
\sqsupsetneqq () . .
\sqtriplefrown (/) . .
\sqtriplesmile (.) . .
\Square ( ) . . . . . . .
\Square ( vs.
vs.
\Square () . . . . . . .
\Square ( ) . . . . . . .
\square () . . . . . . . .
\square () . . . . . . .
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..
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f 0
155
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. . . 24
. . . 23
. . . 24
. . . 23
. . . 23
. . . 48
. . . 48
. . . 48
. . . 48
. . . 48
. . . 48
. . . 48
. . . 48
. . . 48
. . . 48
. . . 27
. . . 27
. . . 28
. . . 27
. . . 28
59, 106
. . . 48
. . . 48
. . . 48
. . . 48
. . . 37
. . . 37
. . . 37
36, 37
. . . 37
. . . 37
. . . 36
. . . 37
. . . 37
. . . 37
. . . 37
. . . 37
. . . 37
. . . 37
. . . 37
. . . 37
. . . 37
36, 37
. . . 37
. . . 37
. . . 36
. . . 37
. . . 37
. . . 37
. . . 37
. . . 37
. . . 37
. . . 37
. . . 48
. . . 48
. . . 79
. . 101
. . . 77
. . . 80
. . . 23
. . . 66
\square () . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
square root . . . . . . . see \sqrt
hooked . . . . . see \hksqrt
\SquareCastShadowBottomRight
( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
\SquareCastShadowTopLeft ( )
. . . . . . . . . 80
\SquareCastShadowTopRight
( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
\Squaredot () . . . . . . . . . . 67
\squaredots () . . . . . . 24, 64
\Squarepipe () . . . . . . . . . 73
squares . . . . . . . . . . . 7980, 94
\SquareShadowA ( ) . . . . . . 79
\SquareShadowB ( ) . . . . . . 79
\SquareShadowBottomRight ( )
. . . . . . . . . 80
\SquareShadowC ( ) . . . . . . 79
\SquareShadowTopLeft ( ) . 80
\SquareShadowTopRight ( ) 80
\SquareSolid ( ) . . . . . . . . 80
\Squaresteel () . . . . . . . . 73
j
i
\squarewithdots ( ) . . . .
\squigarrowdownup () . .
\squigarrowleftright ()
\squigarrownesw () . . . .
\squigarrownwse () . . . . .
\squigarrowrightleft ()
\squigarrowsenw () . . . .
\squigarrowswne () . . . .
\squigarrowupdown () . . .
\squplus (]) . . . . . . . . . .
\SS (SS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
\ss () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.
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80
43
43
43
43
43
43
43
43
23
10
10
\ssdtstile ( ) . . . . . . . . . 35
\ssearrow (%) . . . . . . . . . . . 42
\sslash () . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
\ssststile (
) . . . . . . . . . 35
\sststile (
) . . . . . . . . . . 35
\ssttstile ( ) . . . . . . . . . 35
\sswarrow ($) . . . . . . . . . . . 42
\stackrel . . . . . . . 21, 104, 108
standard state . . . . . . . . . . 104
\star (?) . . . . . . . . . . 22, 107
\star () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Star of David . . . . . . . . 77, 78
\starredbullet (d) . . . . . . . 78
stars . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66, 7779
\stater () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
statistical independence . . . 106
\staveI (
) . . . . . . . . . . 97
\staveII () . . . . . . . . . . 97
\staveIII () . . . . . . . . 97
\staveIV () . . . . . . . . . 97
\staveIX () . . . . . . . . . . 97
\staveL (1) . . . . . . . 97, 98
\staveLI (2) . . . . . . . . . 97
\staveLII (3) . . . . . . . . 97
\staveLIII (4) . . . . . . . . 97
\staveXLVIII (/) . . . . . 97
\staveXV () . . . . . . . . . 98
\staveXVI () . . . . . . . . . 98
:
:::
::
\StrokeOne ( ) . .
\StrokeThree ( )
\StrokeTwo ( ) .
\stst (
) .....
..
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..
..
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. 92
. 92
. 92
104
\staveLIV (5) . . . . . . . . 97
\staveLIX (:) . . . . . . . . 98
\staveXVII () . . . . . . . . 98
\stststile (
) . . . . . . . . . 35
\staveXVIII () . . . . . . . 98
\sttstile (
) . . . . . . . . . . 35
\staveLV (6) . . . . . . . . . . 97
\staveXX () . . . . . . . . . 98
\staveXXI () . . . . . . . . 98
\stttstile (
\staveLVI (7) . . . . . . . . . 97
\staveXXII () . . . . . . . . 98
\staveLVII (8) . . . . . . . . 97
\staveLVIII (9) . . . . . . . 98
\staveLX (;) . . . . . . . 98
\staveXXIII () . . . . . 98
\staveLXI (<) . . . . . . . . . 98
\staveXXIV () . . . . . . . . 97
\staveXXIX () . . . . . . . 97
\staveXXV () . . . . . . . . 97
\staveLXII (=) . . . . . . . . 98
\staveXXVI () . . . . . . . 97
\staveLXIII (>) . . . . . . . 98
\staveXXVII () . . . . . . . 97
\staveLXIV (?) . . . . . . . . . 98
\staveLXV (@) . . . . . . . . . 98
\staveLXVI (A) . . . . . . . . 98
\staveLXVII (B) . . . . . . . . 98
\staveLXVIII (C) . . . . . . . 98
staves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
staves (package) . . . . . . 97, 119
\staveV () . . . . . . . . . . 97
\staveVI () . . . . . . . . . 97
\staveVII () . . . . . . . . 97
\staveVIII () . . . . . . . 97
\staveX ( )
. . . . . . . . . . 97
\staveXI (
)
. . . . . . . . . . 97
\staveXII () . . . . . . . . . 98
\staveXIII () . . . . . . . . 98
\staveXIV (
) . . . . . . . . 98
\staveXIX () . . . . . . . . 98
\staveXL (') . . . . . . . . . . 98
\staveXLI (() . . . . . . . . . 98
\staveXLII ())
. . . . . . . 98
\staveXLIII (*) . . . . . . . . 98
\staveXLIV (+) . . . . . . . 98
\staveXLIX (0) . . . . . . . . 97
\staveXLV (,) . . . . . . . . 98
\staveXLVI (-)
. . . . . . . . 98
\staveXLVII (.) . . . . . . . 97
\staveXXVIII () . . . . . . 97
\staveXXX ()
. . . . . . . . 97
\staveXXXI () . . . . . . . . 97
\staveXXXII () . . . . . . 97
\staveXXXIII (
) . . . . . . . 97
\staveXXXIV (!) . . . . . . 97
\staveXXXIX (&) . . . . . . 98
\staveXXXV (")
. . . . . . . 98
\staveXXXVI (#) . . . . . . 98
\staveXXXVII ($) . . . . . 98
\staveXXXVIII (%) . . . . 98
) . . . . . . . . . 35
\stdtstile (
\steaming () . . . . . . . . . . 67
steinmetz (package) 70, 119, 121
Steinmetz phasor notation . . 70
sterling . . . . . . . . . see \pounds
stick figures . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
\Stigma () . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
\stigma () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
stmaryrd (package) 22, 26, 31, 37,
40, 42, 48, 53, 54, 101, 104,
118120
stochastic independence see \bot
\StoneMan ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 91
\Stopsign (!) . . . . . . . . . . 74
\StopWatchEnd ( ) . . . . . . . 91
) . . . . .
\StopWatchStart (
\stress (h) . . . . .
\strictfi (K) . .
\strictif (J) . .
\strictiff (L) .
\strokedint () .
\StrokeFive ( )
\StrokeFour ( ) .
;
::::
156
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91
18
31
31
31
29
92
92
) . . . . . . . . . 35
\STX () . . . . . . . . . . . .
\SUB () . . . . . . . . . . . .
subatomic particles . . . .
\subcorner (a) . . . . . . .
^ (a) . . . .
\subdoublebar
\subdoublevert (a) . . . .
\sublptr (a) . . . "". . . . . .
\subrptr (a ) . . . . . . . . .
subscripts
new symbols used in
\Subset () . . . . . . . . .
\Subset (b) . . . . . . . . .
\Subset () . . . . . . . . . .
\subset () . . . . . . . . .
\subset () . . . . . . . . .
\subset () . . . . . . . . . .
\subseteq () . . . . . . .
\subseteq () . . . . . . .
\subseteq () . . . . . . . .
\subseteqq () . . . . . . .
\subseteqq (j) . . . . . .
\subseteqq () . . . . . . .
\subsetneq () . . . . . . .
\subsetneq (() . . . . . .
\subsetneq () . . . . . . .
\subsetneqq () . . . . . .
\subsetneqq ($) . . . . . .
\subsetneqq () . . . . . .
\subsetplus (D) . . . . . .
\subsetpluseq (F) . . . .
subsets . . . . . . . . . . . . .
\succ () . . . . . . . . . . .
\succ () . . . . . . . . . . .
\succapprox () . . . . . .
\succapprox (v) . . . . . .
\succapprox () . . . . . .
\succcurlyeq () . . . . .
\succcurlyeq (<) . . . . .
\succcurlyeq () . . . . .
\succdot () . . . . . . . .
\succeq () . . . . . . . . .
\succeq () . . . . . . . . . .
\succeqq () . . . . . . . . .
\succnapprox () . . . . .
\succnapprox () . . . . .
\succnapprox () . . . . .
\succneq () . . . . . . . .
\succneqq () . . . . . . .
\succnsim () . . . . . . .
\succnsim () . . . . . . .
\succnsim () . . . . . . . .
\succsim () . . . . . . . .
\succsim (%) . . . . . . . .
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.
.
.
. 105
. . 37
. . 36
. . 37
. . 37
. . 36
. . 37
. . 37
. . 36
. . 37
. . 37
. . 36
. . 37
. . 37
. . 36
. . 37
. . 37
. . 36
. . 37
. . 37
. . 37
36, 37
. . 30
. . 32
. . 32
. . 30
. . 32
. . 32
. . 30
. . 32
. . 32
. . 30
. . 32
. . 31
. . 32
. . 31
. . 34
. . 32
. . 31
. . 32
. . 31
. . 34
. . 32
. . 30
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72
72
74
16
16
16
16
16
\swrsquigarrow () . . . . . . 43
\swspoon (n) . . . . . . . . . . . 47
\swswarrows () . . . . . . . . 43
swung dash . . . . . . . . see \sim
\swVdash () . . . . . . . . . . . 33
\swvdash () . . . . . . . . . . . 33
\syl (a) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
\syllabic (j) . . . . . . . . . . . 18
\symA ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
\symAE ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
\symB ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
\symbishop (B) . . . . . . . . . 94
Symbol (font) . . . . . . . 51, 103
symbols
actuarial . . . . . . . . . . 108
alpine . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
ancient language . . 8187
annuity . . . . . . . . . . . 108
APL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
astrological . . . . . . . . . 71
astronomical . . . . . 71, 98
biological . . . . . . . . . . . 74
block-element . . . . . . . . 97
body-text . . . . . . . . . 920
bold . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
box-drawing . . . . . . . . . 97
chess . . . . . . . . . . . 93, 94
cipher . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
clock . . . . . . . . . 88, 9092
communication . . . . . . . 73
computer hardware . . . . 72
contradiction . . . . . 21, 48
currency . . . . . . 18, 19, 68
dangerous bend . . . . . . 89
definition . . . . . . . 21, 108
dictionary . . . . . 1114, 96
dingbat . . . . . . . . . 7580
dot . . . . . . . 9, 63, 64, 107
electrical . . . . . . . . . . . 70
engineering . . . . . . 70, 73
extensible . . 47, 5963, 70,
102, 107109
Feynman diagram . . . . . 74
Frege logic . . 47, 53, 65, 67
frown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
gates, digital logic . . . . 73
genealogical . . . . . . . . . 88
general . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
Go stones . . . . . . . . . . 94
information . . . . . . . . . 90
informator . . . . . . . . . . 93
inverted . . . 1113, 17, 103
keyboard . . . . . . . . . . . 72
Knuths . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
laundry . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
legal . . . . . . . . . 9, 19, 116
letter-like . . . . . . . . 5153
life insurance . . . . . . . 108
linear logic . . . . 2123, 25,
2930, 36, 51, 52
linguistic . . . . . . . . 1114
log-like . . . . . . . . 49, 113
157
logic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
magical signs . . . . . . . . 97
mathematical . . . . . 2169
METAFONTbook . . . . . 89
metrical . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
miscellaneous . . 6567, 80,
8899
monetary . . . . . . 18, 19, 68
musical . 20, 65, 66, 88, 89
navigation . . . . . . . . . . 90
non-commutative division 63
particle physics . . . . . . 74
Phaistos disk . . . . . . . . 81
phonetic . . . . . . . . 1114
physical . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
pitchfork . . . . . . 30, 47, 66
Pitmans base-12 . . . . . 65
present value . . . . . . . 108
proto-Semitic . . . . . . . . 81
pulse diagram . . . . . . . 70
recycling . . . . . . . . 98, 99
relational . . . . . . . . . . . 30
reversed . . . . . . . . . . . 103
rotated . . . 1113, 17, 103
safety-related . . . . . . . . 74
scientific . . . . . . . . 7074
Simpsons characters . . . 96
smile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
spoon . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
staves . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
subset and superset
36, 37
technological . . . . . 7074
TEXbook . . . . . . . . . . . 89
transliteration . . . . . . . 14
upside-down 1113, 17, 103,
114
variable-sized . 2530, 100,
102
weather . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
zodiacal . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
symbols.tex (file) . . . . 100, 119
\symC ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
\symking (K) . . . . . . . . . . . 94
\symknight (N) . . . . . . . . . 94
\symOE ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
\sympawn (p) . . . . . . . . . . . 94
\symqueen (Q) . . . . . . . . . . 94
\symrook (R) . . . . . . . . . . . 94
\symUE ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
\SYN () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
T
\T . . . . . . . . . . . .
\T ( ) . . . . . . . . .
\T () . . . . . . . .
.........
\t (a)
\t () . . . . . . . . .
t4phonet (package)
120
) ...
\Tab (
\tabcolsep . . . . .
tacks . . . . . . . . . .
a
\succsim () . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
such that . . . . . . . . . . 103, 105
\suchthat
) . . . . . . . . . 105
P (3
\sum ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
\sum () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
\sumint () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
\Summit ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
\SummitSign ( ) . . . . . . . . . 91
\Sun (@) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
\Sun ( vs.
vs. @) . . . . 101
\Sun ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
\Sun () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
\sun () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
\SunCloud ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 91
\SunshineOpenCircled ( ) . 80
\sup (sup) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
superscripts
new symbols used in . . 105
supersets . . . . . . . . . . . . 36, 37
supremum . . . . . . . . . see \sup
\Supset () . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
\Supset (c) . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
\Supset () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
\supset () . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
\supset () . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
\supset () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
\supseteq () . . . . . . . . . . 37
\supseteq () . . . . . . . . . . 36
\supseteq () . . . . . . . . . . . 37
\supseteqq () . . . . . . . . . . 37
\supseteqq (k) . . . . . . . . . 36
\supseteqq () . . . . . . . . . . 37
\supsetneq () . . . . . . . . . . 37
\supsetneq ()) . . . . . . . . . 36
\supsetneq () . . . . . . . . . . 37
\supsetneqq () . . . . . . . . . 37
\supsetneqq (%) . . . . . . . . . 36
\supsetneqq () . . . . . . . . . 37
\supsetplus (E) . . . . . . . . . 37
\supsetpluseq (G) . . . . . . . 37
`
\surd ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
\SurveySign ( ) . . . . . . . . . 91
\Swarrow (w) . . . . . . . . . . . 42
\Swarrow () . . . . . . . . . . . 43
\swarrow () . . . . . . . . . . . 42
\swarrow (.) . . . . 41, 106, 107
\swarrow () . . . . . . . . . . . 43
\swarrowtail (&) . . . . . . . . 43
\swfilledspoon (v) . . . . . . 47
\swfootline (~) . . . . . . . . . 32
\swfree () . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
\swharpoonccw (F) . . . . . . . 46
\swharpooncw (N) . . . . . . . . 46
\swlsquigarrow () . . . . . . 43
\swmapsto (.) . . . . . . . . . . 43
\swModels () . . . . . . . . . . 33
\swmodels () . . . . . . . . . . 33
\swnearrows () . . . . . . . . 43
\swneharpoons (^) . . . . . . . 46
swords . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
\swpitchfork () . . . . . . . . 47
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. . . . . . 10
. . . . . . 17
. . . . . . 95
. . . . . . 14
. . . . . . 95
14, 17, 119,
. . . . . . . . 72
. . . . . . . 104
. . . . . 30, 51
\taild () . . .
\tailinvr (H) .
\taill (0) . . . .
\tailn (9) . . .
\tailr (F) . . . .
\tails (L) . . . .
\tailt (P) . . . .
\tailz (_) . . .
\Takt . . . . . . .
\talloblong (8)
tally markers . .
\tan (tan) . . . .
\tanh (tanh) . .
\Tape ( ) . . . .
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85,
...
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13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
89
22
92
49
49
80
\Taschenuhr ( ) . . . . . . . . 91
Tate-Shafarevich group
see sha
\tau ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
\Taurus (Q) . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
\Taurus () . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
\taurus (]) . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
tautology . . . . . . . . . see \top
\tauup () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
\tccentigrade () . . . . . . . 65
\tcmu () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
\tcohm () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
\tcpertenthousand () . . 65
\tcperthousand () . . . . . . 65
\td (a
..) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
\tddtstile (
) . . . . . . . . 35
\tdststile (
\tdtstile (
) . . . . . . . . . 35
)
. . . . . . . . . 35
) . . . . . . . . 35
\tdttstile (
technological symbols . . 7074
\Telefon (T) . . . . . . . . . . . 73
\Telephone (
) . . . . . . . . 92
\Telephone ( ) . . . . . . . . . 98
Tennent, Bob . . . . . . . . . . . 21
\Tent ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
\Terminus () . . . . . . . . . . 95
\terminus () . . . . . . . . . . . 95
\Terminus* () . . . . . . . . . . 95
\terminus* () . . . . . . . . . . 95
\tesh (Q) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
testfont.dvi (file) . . . . . . 111
testfont.tex (file) . . . 111, 112
\tetartemorion () . . . . . . . 19
teubner (package) 19, 64, 87, 95,
119, 120
TEX . . . 40, 47, 64, 70, 97, 100,
103109, 111113, 115, 117,
118, 122
TEXbook, The 103107, 109, 112
symbols from . . . . . . . . 89
\text . . . . . . . . . . 21, 105, 106
\textacutedbl () . . . . . . . 18
\textacutemacron (
a) . . . . . 15
\textacutewedge (
a) . . . . . . 15
\textadvancing (affi) . . . . . . . 15
\textaolig (") . . . . . . . . . . 12
\textasciiacute () . . 18, 116
(
@
\textasciibreve () . . . . . . 18
\textasciicaron () . . . . . . 18
\textasciicircum () . . 9, 115,
117
\textasciidieresis () 18, 116
\textasciigrave (`) . . . . . . 18
\textasciimacron . . . . . . . 115
\textasciimacron ()
18, 116
\textasciitilde () 9, 115, 117
\textasteriskcentered () . 9,
20
\textbabygamma () . . . . . . . 11
\textbackslash (\) . 9, 114, 115
\textbaht () . . . . . . . . . . . 18
\textbar (|) . . . . . . . . . 9, 114
\textbarb (b) . . . . . . . . . . . 11
\textbarc (c) . . . . . . . . . . . 11
\textbard (d) . . . . . . . . . . . 11
\textbardbl () . . . . . . . . . 20
\textbardotlessj () . . . . . 11
\textbarg (g) . . . . . . . . . . . 11
\textbarglotstop () . . . . . 11
\textbari (1) . . . . . . . . . . . 11
\textbarl () . . . . . . . . . . . 11
\textbaro (8) . . . . . . . . . . . 11
\textbarrevglotstop () . . 11
\textbaru (0) . . . . . . . . . . . 11
\textbeltl () . . . . . . . . . . 11
\textbenttailyogh (B) . . . . 12
\textbeta (B) . . . . . . . . . . . 11
\textbigcircle () . . . . . . 20
\textbktailgamma (.) . . . . . 12
\textblank () . . . . . . . . . . 20
\textblock ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 97
\textborn (b) . . . . . . . . . . . 88
\textbottomtiebar (a
<) . . . . 15
\textbraceleft ({) . . . . . . . . 9
\textbraceright (}) . . . . . . . 9
\textbrevemacron (
a) . . . . . 15
158
\textcrb () . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
\textcrd () . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
\textcrd () . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
\textcrg (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
\textcrh () . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
\textcrh () . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
\textcrinvglotstop () . . . 11
\textcrlambda () . . . . . . . 11
\textcrtwo (2) . . . . . . . . . . 11
\textctc (C) . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
\textctd () . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
\textctdctzlig () . . . . . . 11
\textctesh () . . . . . . . . . . 11
\textctinvglotstop (D) . . . 12
\textctj (J) . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
\textctjvar (2) . . . . . . . . . 12
\textctn () . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
\textctstretchc (%) . . . . . . 12
\textctstretchcvar (&) . . . 12
\textctt () . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
\textcttctclig (C) . . . . . . 11
\textctturnt (@) . . . . . . . . . 12
\textctyogh () . . . . . . . . . 11
\textctz () . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
\textcurrency () . . . 18, 116
\textcypr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
\textdagger () . . . . . . . 9, 20
\textdaggerdbl () . . . . . 9, 20
\textdbend ( ) . . . . . . . . . 89
\textdblhyphen (-) . . . . . . . 20
\textdblhyphenchar () . . . . 20
\textdblig ()) . . . . . . . . . 12
\textdctzlig (d) . . . . . . . . 11
\textdegree () . . . . . 67, 116
\textdied (d) . . . . . . . . . . . 88
\textdiscount () . . . . . . . 20
\textdiv () . . . . . . . . . . . 67
\textdivorced (c) . . . . . . . 88
\textdkshade ( ) . . . . . . . . 97
\textdnblock ( ) . . . . . . . . 97
\textdollar ($) . . . . . . . 9, 18
\textdollaroldstyle () . . 18
\textdong () . . . . . . . . . . . 18
\textdotacute (
a) . . . . . . . 15
\textdotbreve (
a ) . . . . . . . 15
\textdoublebaresh (S) . . . . 11
\textdoublebarpipe (}) . . . 11
\textdoublebarpipevar (H) . 12
\textdoublebarslash (=
/ ) . . 11
\textdoublegrave (
a) . . . . . 15
\textdoublegrave (a
) . . . . . 17
\textdoublepipe ({) . . . . . . 11
\textdoublepipevar (G) . . . 12
\textdoublevbaraccent (
a) . 15
\textdoublevbaraccent (a
) . 17
\textdoublevertline () . . 11
\textdownarrow () . . . . . . . 41
\textdownfullarrow () . . . 12
\textdownstep () . . . . . . . . 11
\textdyoghlig () . . . . . . . 11
\textdzlig (dz) . . . . . . . . . . 11
\texteightoldstyle () . . . 20
\textellipsis (. . . ) . . . . . . . 9
\textemdash () . . . . . . . . . 9
\textendash () . . . . . . . . . . 9
\textepsilon (E) . . . . . . . . 11
\textepsilon () . . . . . . . . 14
\textesh (S) . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
\textesh () . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
\textestimated () . . . . . . 20
\texteuro () . . . . . . . . . . . 19
\texteuro () . . . . . . . . . . . 18
\texteuro () . . . 18, 115, 117
\textexclamdown () . . . . . . . 9
\textfemale (7) . . . . . . . . . 12
\textfishhookr (R) . . . . . . . 12
\textfiveoldstyle () . . . . 20
\textfjlig () . . . . . . . . . . 14
\textflorin () . . . . . . . . . . 18
\textfouroldstyle () . . . . 20
\textfractionsolidus () . . 67
\textfrak . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
\textfrbarn (5) . . . . . . . . . 12
\textfrhookd () . . . . . . . . 12
\textfrhookdvar (() . . . . . . 12
\textfrhookt (?) . . . . . . . . 12
\textfrtailgamma (-) . . . . . 12
\textg () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
\textgamma (G) . . . . . . . . . . 12
\textglobfall () . . . . . . . 12
\textglobrise () . . . . . . . 12
\textglotstop (P) . . . . . . . 11
\textglotstopvari (T) . . . . 12
\textglotstopvarii (U) . . . 12
\textglotstopvariii (V) . . 12
\textgoth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
\textgravecircum (
a) . . . . . 15
\textgravedbl () . . . . . . . 18
\textgravedot (
a) . . . . . . . 15
\textgravemacron (`
a) . . . . . 15
\textgravemid (
a) . . . . . . . 15
\textgreater (>) . . . . . 9, 114
\textgrgamma (,) . . . . . . . . 12
\textguarani () . . . . . . . . 18
\texthalflength (;) . . . . . . 11
\texthardsign () . . . . . . . 11
\textheng (0) . . . . . . . . . . . 12
\texthmlig (4) . . . . . . . . . 12
\texthooktop (#) . . . . . . . . . 11
\texthtb () . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
\texthtb () . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
\texthtbardotlessj () . . . . 11
\texthtbardotlessjvar (3) . 12
\texthtc () . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
\texthtc () . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
\texthtd () . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
\texthtd () . . . . . . . . . . . 14
\texthtg () . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
\texthth (H) . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
\texththeng () . . . . . . . . . 11
\texthtk () . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
\texthtk () . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
\texthtp () . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
\texthtp () . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
\texthtq () . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
\texthtrtaild () . . . . . . . 11
\texthtscg () . . . . . . . . . . 11
\texthtt () . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
\texthtt () . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
\texthvlig () . . . . . . . . . . 11
\textifsym . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
\textinterrobang () . . . . . 20
\textinterrobangdown () . . 20
\textinvglotstop () . . . . . 11
\textinvomega (;) . . . . . . . 12
\textinvsca (p) . . . . . . . . . 12
\textinvscr (K) . . . . . . . . . 11
\textinvscripta (!) . . . . . . 12
\textinvsubbridge (a
) . . . . 15
\textiota () . . . . . . . . . . . 11
\textiota () . . . . . . . . . . . 14
\textlambda () . . . . . . . . . 11
\textlangle () . . . . . 57, 114
\textlbrackdbl () . . . . . . . 57
\textleaf (l) . . . . . . . . . . 88
\textleftarrow () . . . . . . 41
\textlengthmark (:) . . . . . . 11
\textless (<) . . . . . . . 9, 114
\textlfblock ( ) . . . . . . . . 97
\textlfishhookrlig (I) . . . 12
~
\textlhdbend ( ) . . . . . . . 89
\textlhookfour (#) . . . . . . . 12
\textlhookp (<) . . . . . . . . . 12
\textlhookt () . . . . . . . . . 11
\textlhti (1) . . . . . . . . . . . 12
\textlhtlongi () . . . . . . . . 11
\textlhtlongy () . . . . . . . 11
\textlinb . . . . . . . . . . . 85, 86
\textlira () . . . . . . . . . . . 18
\textlnot () . . . . . . . 67, 116
\textlonglegr () . . . . . . . . 11
\textlooptoprevesh (>) . . . . 12
\textlowering (afl) . . . . . . . 15
\textlptr () . . . . . . . . . . . 11
\textlquill () . . . . . . . . . 57
\textltailm (M) . . . . . . . . . 11
\textltailn () . . . . . . . . . 11
\textltailn () . . . . . . . . . 14
\textltilde () . . . . . . . . . 11
\textltshade ( ) . . . . . . . . 97
\textlyoghlig () . . . . . . . 11
\textmarried (m) . . . . . . . . 88
\textmho () . . . . . . . . . . . 70
\textmidacute (
a) . . . . . . . 15
\textminus () . . . . . . . . . . 67
\textmu () . . . . . . . . . 70, 116
\textmusicalnote () . . . . . 20
\textnaira () . . . . . . . . . . 18
\textnineoldstyle () . . . . 20
\textnrleg (6) . . . . . . . . . . 12
\textnumero () . . . . . . . . . 20
\textObardotlessj () . . . . 11
\textObullseye (9) . . . . . . 12
\textohm () . . . . . . . . . . . 70
\textOlyoghlig () . . . . . . . 11
\textomega () . . . . . . . . . . 11
\textonehalf () . . . . 67, 116
159
\textoneoldstyle . . . . . . . . 20
\textoneoldstyle () . . . . . 20
\textonequarter () . . 67, 116
\textonesuperior () . 67, 116
\textopenbullet () . . . . . . 20
\textopencorner (_) . . . . . . 11
\textopeno (O) . . . . . . . . . . 11
\textopeno () . . . . . . . . . . 14
\textordfeminine () 9, 20, 116
\textordmasculine () . . 9, 20,
116
\textovercross
a) . . . . . . . 15
(
\textoverw (a) . . . . . . . . . . 15
\textpalhook (%) . . . . . . . . . 11
\textpalhooklong () . . . . . 12
\textpalhookvar () . . . . . . 12
\textparagraph () . . . . 9, 20
\textperiodcentered () . 9, 20,
116
\textpertenthousand () . 20
\textperthousand () 20, 117
\textpeso () . . . . . . . . . . . 18
\textphi (F) . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
\textpilcrow () . . . . . . . . 20
\textpipe (|) . . . . . . . . . . . 11
\textpipe (|) . . . . . . . . . . . 14
\textpipevar (F) . . . . . . . . . 12
\textpm () . . . . . . . . 67, 116
\textpmhg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
\textpolhook (a ) . . . . . . . . 15
\textprimstress (") . . . . . . 11
\textproto . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
\textqplig (=) . . . . . . . . . 12
\textquestiondown () . . . . . 9
\textquotedbl (") . . . 10, 114
\textquotedblleft () . . . . . 9
\textquotedblright () . . . . 9
\textquoteleft () . . . . . . . . 9
\textquoteright () . . . . . . . 9
\textquotesingle (') . 20, 114
\textquotestraightbase () 20
\textquotestraightdblbase ()
. . . . . . . . . 20
\textraiseglotstop () . . . 11
\textraisevibyi () . . . . . . 11
\textraising (afi) . . . . . . . . 15
\textramshorns (7) . . . . . . . 11
\textrangle () . . . . . 57, 114
\textrbrackdbl () . . . . . . . 57
\textrecipe () . . . . . 20, 102
\textrectangle () . . . . . . . 12
\textreferencemark () 20, 21
\textregistered () 9, 19, 116
\textretracting (affl) . . . . . . 15
\textretractingvar () . . . 12
\textrevapostrophe (\) . . . . 11
\textreve (9) . . . . . . . . . . . 11
\textrevepsilon (3) . . 11, 103
\textreversedvideodbend ( )
. . . . . . . . . 89
\textrevglotstop (Q) . . . . . 11
\textrevscl (v) . . . . . . . . . 12
\textrevscr (z) . . . . . . .
\textrevyogh () . . . . . .
\textrhooka ( ) . . . . . . .
\textrhooke (*) . . . . . . .
\textrhookepsilon (+) . .
\textrhookopeno (:) . . . .
\textrhookrevepsilon ()
\textrhookschwa () . . . .
\textrhoticity (~) . . . . .
\textrightarrow () . . .
\textringmacron (
a) . . . .
\textroundcap (
a) . . . . .
\textrptr () . . . . . . . . .
\textrquill () . . . . . . .
\textrtaild () . . . . . . .
\textrtaild () . . . . . . .
\textrtailhth (/) . . . . .
\textrtaill () . . . . . . . .
\textrtailn () . . . . . . .
\textrtailr () . . . . . . .
\textrtails () . . . . . . .
\textrtailt () . . . . . . .
\textrtailt () . . . . . . .
\textrtailz () . . . . . . .
\textrtblock ( ) . . . . . .
\textrthook ($) . . . . . . . .
\textrthooklong () . . . .
\textsarab . . . . . . . . . . .
\textsca () . . . . . . . . . .
\textscaolig (q) . . . . . .
\textscb () . . . . . . . . . .
\textscdelta (r) . . . . . .
\textsce () . . . . . . . . . .
\textscf (s) . . . . . . . . . .
\textscg () . . . . . . . . . .
\textsch () . . . . . . . . . .
\textschwa (@) . . . . . . . .
\textschwa () . . . . . . . .
\textsci (I) . . . . . . . . . .
\textscj () . . . . . . . . . .
\textsck (t) . . . . . . . . . .
\textscl () . . . . . . . . . .
\textscm (w) . . . . . . . . .
\textscn () . . . . . . . . . .
\textscoelig () . . . . . .
\textscomega () . . . . . .
\textscp (x) . . . . . . . . . .
\textscq (y) . . . . . . . . . .
\textscr () . . . . . . . . . .
\textscripta (A) . . . . . .
\textscriptg (g) . . . . . .
\textscriptv (V) . . . . . .
\textscriptv () . . . . . . .
\textscu () . . . . . . . . . .
\textscy (Y) . . . . . . . . . .
\textseagull (a
) . . . . . .
\textsecstress () . . . . .
\textsection () . . . . . .
\textservicemark () . . .
\textsevenoldstyle () .
\textSFi ( ) . . . . . . . . . .
\textSFii ( ) . . . . . . . . .
\textSFiii ( ) . . . . . . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
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.
..
..
..
..
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..
..
..
..
..
9,
..
..
..
..
..
12
11
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
41
15
15
12
57
12
14
12
12
11
11
11
11
14
11
97
11
12
87
11
12
11
12
11
12
11
11
11
14
11
11
12
11
12
11
11
11
12
12
11
11
11
11
14
11
11
15
11
20
19
20
97
97
97
\textSFiv ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 97
\textSFix ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 97
\textSFl ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
\textSFli ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 97
\textSFlii ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 97
\textSFliii ( ) . . . . . . . . . 97
\textSFliv ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 97
\textSFv ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
\textSFvi ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 97
\textSFvii ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 97
\textSFviii ( ) . . . . . . . . . 97
\textSFx ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
\textSFxi ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 97
\textSFxix ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 97
\textSFxl ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 97
\textSFxli ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 97
\textSFxlii ( ) . . . . . . . . . 97
\textSFxliii ( ) . . . . . . . . 97
\textSFxliv ( ) . . . . . . . . . 97
\textSFxlix ( ) . . . . . . . . . 97
\textSFxlv ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 97
\textSFxlvi ( ) . . . . . . . . . 97
\textSFxlvii ( ) . . . . . . . . 97
\textSFxlviii ( ) . . . . . . . 97
\textSFxx ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 97
\textSFxxi ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 97
\textSFxxii ( ) . . . . . . . . . 97
\textSFxxiii ( ) . . . . . . . . 97
\textSFxxiv ( ) . . . . . . . . . 97
\textSFxxv ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 97
\textSFxxvi ( ) . . . . . . . . . 97
\textSFxxvii ( ) . . . . . . . . 97
\textSFxxviii ( ) . . . . . . . 97
\textSFxxxix ( ) . . . . . . . . 97
\textSFxxxvi ( ) . . . . . . . . 97
\textSFxxxvii ( ) . . . . . . . 97
\textSFxxxviii ( ) . . . . . . . 97
\textshade ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 97
\textsixoldstyle () . . . . . 20
\textsoftsign () . . . . . . . . 11
\textspleftarrow () . . . . . 12
\textsterling () . . . . . 9, 18
\textstretchc () . . . . . . . 11
\textstretchcvar ($) . . . . . 12
\textstyle . . . . . 105, 106, 113
\textsubacute (a) . . . . . . . 15
\textsubarch (a) . . . . . . . . 15
\textsubbar (a) . . . . . . . . . 15
\textsubbridge (a
) . . . . . . . 15
\textsubcircum (a) . . . . . . . 15
\textsubdot (a) . . . . . . . . . 15
\textsubdoublearrow
() . . 12
\textsubgrave (a) . . . . . . . 15
(a) . . . . 15
\textsublhalfring
\textsubplus (aff) . . . . . . . . 15
\textsubrhalfring (a ) . . . . 15
\textsubrightarrow () . . . 12
\textsubring (a) . . . . . . . . 15
\textsubsquare(a
) . . . . . . . 15
\textsubtilde (a) . . . . . . . 15
\textsubumlaut (a) . . . . . . . 15
\textsubw (a
) . . . . . . . . . . . 16
\textsubwedge (a) . . . . . . . 16
160
\textsuperimposetilde (a
&) . 16
\textsuperscript . . . . . . . . 16
\textsurd () . . . . . . . . . . . 67
\textswab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
\textsyllabic (a) . . . . . . . 16
\texttctclig (tC)" . . . . . . . . 11
\textteshlig () . . . . . . . . 11
\textteshlig () . . . . . . . . 14
\texttheta (T) . . . . . . . . . . 11
\textthing (N) . . . . . . . . . . 91
\textthorn () . . . . . . . . . . 11
\textthornvari (P) . . . . . . . 12
\textthornvarii (Q) . . . . . . 12
\textthornvariii (R) . . . . . 12
\textthornvariv (S) . . . . . . 12
\textthreeoldstyle () . . . 20
\textthreequarters () 67, 116
\textthreequartersemdash ()
. . . . . . . . . 20
\textthreesuperior () 67, 116
\texttildedot (
a)
. . . . . . . 16
\textvisiblespace ( ) . . . . . 9
\textwon () . . . . . . . . . . . 18
\textwynn () . . . . . . . . . . . 12
\textxswdown (U) . . . . . . . . 91
\textxswup (T) . . . . . . . . . 91
\textyen () . . . . . . . 18, 116
\textyogh (Z) . . . . . . . . . . . 12
\textyogh () . . . . . . . . . . . 14
\textzerooldstyle () . . . . 20
\TH () . . . . . . . . . . . . 10, 116
\th () . . . . . . . . . . . . 10, 116
Th`
anh, H`
an Th
e . . . . . . . . 107
\therefore (6) . . . . . . . . . . 32
\therefore () . . . . . . . 30, 64
\therefore () . . . . . . . . . . 64
\Thermo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
\Theta () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
\theta () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
\thetaup () . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
\thething (N) . . . . . . . . . . 91
\thickapprox () . . . . . . . . 30
\thicksim () . . . . . . . . . . 30
\thickvert (~) . . . . . . . . . . 55
thin space . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
\ThinFog ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 91
\thinstar () . . . . . . . . . . . 25
\third (3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
thirty-second note . see musical
symbols
\Thorn () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
\thorn (B) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
\thorn (p) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
\thorn () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
thousandths . . . . . . . . . . . see
\textperthousand
\threesim (
) . . . . . . . . . 104
tick . . . . . . . . . see check marks
tilde 9, 11, 13, 1516, 18, 20, 57,
59, 61, 107, 115
extensible . . . . . . . 59, 61
vertically centered . . . 115
\tilde () . . . . . . . . . 57, 107
\tildel (-) . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
time of day . . . . . . . . . . 91, 92
\timelimit (T) . . . . . . . . . 93
\times () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
\times () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Times Roman (font) . . 18, 102
timing (package) . . . . . . . . . 70
tipa (package) 11, 12, 1417, 103,
119, 120
tipx (package) . . . . 12, 119, 120
\tndtstile (
) . . . . . . . . 35
\tnststile ( ) . . . . . . . . . 35
\tntstile ( ) . . . . . . . . . 35
\tnttstile (
) . . . . . . . . 35
\to . . . . . . . . see \rightarrow
\ToBottom () . . . . . . . . . . . 90
\tone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
\top (>) . . . . . . . . . 22, 51, 105
\top () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
\topbot (
>) . . . . . . . . 105, 107
\topdoteq () . . . . . . . . . . 32
torus (T) . see alphabets, math
\ToTop () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
trademark . see \texttrademark
\TransformHoriz (
) . . . . 36
transforms . . . . . . . . . . 36, 63
\TransformVert ( ) . . . . . . 36
transliteration
semitic . . . . . . . . . . 14, 17
transliteration symbols . . . . 14
transpose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
transversal intersection . . . see
\pitchfork
trema (
a) . . . . . . . see accents
trfsigns (package) 36, 52, 63, 119
\triangle (4) . . . . . . . . . . 65
\triangle () . . . . . . . . . . 40
triangle relations . . . . . . 39, 40
\TriangleDown ( ) . . . . . . . 79
\TriangleDown ( vs. ) . 101
\TriangleDown ( ) . . . . . . . 80
\triangledown (O) . . . . . . . 66
\triangledown () . . . . . . . 40
\triangleeq () . . . . . . . . . 40
\TriangleLeft ( ) . . . . . . . 79
\triangleleft () . . . . . . . 40
\triangleleft (/) . . . . . . . 22
\triangleleft () . . . . . . . 40
\trianglelefteq () . . . . . 40
\trianglelefteq (E) . . . . . 39
\trianglelefteq () . . . 39, 40
\trianglelefteqslant (P) . 40
\triangleq (,) . . . . . . 21, 39
\triangleq () . . . . . . . . . . 40
\TriangleRight ( ) . . . . . . 79
\triangleright () . . . . . . 40
\triangleright (.) . . . . . . . 22
\triangleright () . . . . . . 40
\trianglerighteq () . . . . 40
\trianglerighteq (D) . . . . 39
\trianglerighteq () . . 39, 40
\trianglerighteqslant (Q) 40
triangles . . . . 66, 73, 7980, 94
\TriangleUp ( ) . . . . . . . . 79
\TriangleUp ( vs. ) . . . 101
\TriangleUp ( ) . . . . . . . . 80
\triple . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
\triplefrown () . . . . . . . . 48
\triplesim () . . . . . . . . . . 33
\triplesmile () . . . . . . . . 48
trsym (package) . . . 36, 119, 120
\tsbm ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
o 3
o
2
n 1
n
\tsdtstile (
) . . . . . . . . 35
\tsmb ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
\tsmm ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
\tsststile ( ) . . . . . . . . . 35
\Tsteel () . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
\tststile (
\tsttstile (
. . . . . . . . . 35
) . . . . . . . . 35
161
\ttdtstile (
) . . . . . . . . 35
\TTsteel () . . . . . . . . . . . 73
\ttststile (
\tttstile (
) . . . . . . . . . 35
)
\ttttstile (
. . . . . . . . . 35
) . . . . . . . . 35
TUGboat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
\Tumbler () . . . . . . . . . . . 90
turnstile (package) . 35, 119, 120
\TwelweStar ( ) . . . . . . . . 78
twiddle . . . . . . . . . . . see tilde
\twoheaddownarrow () . . . . 43
\twoheadleftarrow () . . . 41
\twoheadleftarrow () . . . 44
\twoheadnearrow () . . . . . 44
\twoheadnwarrow () . . . . . 44
\twoheadrightarrow () . . 41
\twoheadrightarrow () . . 44
\twoheadsearrow () . . . . . 44
\twoheadswarrow () . . . . . 44
\twoheaduparrow () . . . . . . 44
\twonotes () . . . . . . . . . . . 88
txfonts (package) . . . . . . 2123,
27, 30, 31, 3638, 41, 42, 48,
5052, 65, 66, 68, 100, 102,
115, 119, 120
type1cm (package) . . . . . . . 100
Type 1 (font) . . . . . . . . . . 112
U
\U (a) . . . . . . . . . .
\U (a
) . . . . . . . . . .
\u (
a) . . . . . . . . . .
\UArrow ( ) . . .
\UB (<) . . . . . . . . .
\ubar (u) . . . . . . .
\ubarbbrevis ()
\ubarbrevis () . .
\ubarsbrevis ()
\ubrevislonga ()
ubulb.fd (file) . . .
ucs (package) . . . . .
\udesc (u) . . . . . .
\udot () . . . . . . . .
\udotdot () . . . . .
\udots () . . . . . .
\udtimes (]) . . . .
\UHORN () . . . . . .
\uhorn () . . . . . .
\ulcorner (x) . . . .
\ulcorner (p) . . . .
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.
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. . . . 17
. . . . 14
. . . . 14
. . . . 72
. . . . 89
. . . . 13
. . . . 95
. . . . 95
. . . . 95
. . . . 95
111, 112
117, 118
. . . . 13
. . . . 23
. 24, 64
. . . . 64
. . . . 24
. . . . 10
. . . . 10
. . . . 53
. . . . 53
\ulcorner () . . . . . . . . . . . 55
\ullcorner (6) . . . . . . . . . . 55
\ulrcorner (;) . . . . . . . . . . 55
ulsy (package) . 24, 48, 103, 119
\Umd (g
a) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
umlaut (
a) . . . . . . see accents
unary operators . . . .
\unclear (k) . . . . .
\underaccent . . . . .
\underarc (a
) .....
^
\underarch (a
) . . . .
\underbrace (loomoon)
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. 21
. 93
107
. 17
. 16
. 60
\underbrace ( ) . . . . . . . . . 60
\underbrace (|{z}) . . . . . . . 60
\underbrace (|{z}) . . . . . . . 59
\underbracket ( )
. . . . . . . 60
\underbracket ( )
. . . 108, 109
\underdots (r) . . . . . . . . . . 18
\undergroup (looo n) . . . . . . . 60
\undergroup ( ) . . . . . . . . 60
\underleftarrow (
) . . . . . 59
\underleftharp (() . . . . . . . 47
\underleftharpdown ()) . . . 47
\underleftrightarrow (
) 59
underline . . . . . . . 9, 21, 59, 61
\underline ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 59
\underlinesegment ( ) . . . . 60
z
x
\underparenthesis (|}) 108, 109
\underrightarrow (
) . . . . 59
\underrightharp (*) . . . . . . 47
\underrightharpdown (+) . . 47
\underring (y) . . . . . . . . . . 18
underscore . . . . . see underline
underscore (package) . . . . . . . 9
\underset . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
undertilde (package) 61, 119, 120
\undertilde (|) . . . . . . . . . 18
\underwedge (}) . . . . . . . . . 18
Unicode . . . . . . 8, 97, 117118
union . . . . . . . . . . . . see \cup
unit disk (D) . . . see alphabets,
math
\unitedpawns (u) . . . . . . . . 93
units (package) . . . . . . . . . . 67
unity (1) . . see alphabets, math
universa (package) . 80, 90, 119,
120
universal (package) 75, 77, 80, 90,
119, 120
\unlhd (E) . . . . . . . . . . 22, 23
\unlhd () . . . . . . . . . . 39, 40
\unrhd (D) . . . . . . . . . . 22, 23
\unrhd () . . . . . . . . . . 39, 40
\upalpha () . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
\UParrow (K) . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
\Uparrow () . . . . . . . . . 41, 54
\Uparrow () . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
\uparrow () . . . . . . 41, 54, 100
\uparrow () . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
\uparrowtail (!) . . . . . . . . 44
\upbar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
\upbeta () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
\upbracketfill . . . . . . . . 109
\upchi () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
\Updelta () . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
\updelta () . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
\Updownarrow (m) . . . . . 41, 54
\Updownarrow () . . . . . . . . 44
\updownarrow (l) . . . . . 41, 54
\updownarrow () . . . . . . . . 44
\updownarrows () . . . . . . . 42
\updownarrows () . . . . . . . 44
\updownharpoonleftright (Q) 46
\updownharpoonrightleft (U) 46
\updownharpoons () . . . . . . 43
\updownharpoons () . . . . . . 46
\Updownline () . . . . . . . . . 33
\updownline () . . . . . . . . . 33
\upepsilon () . . . . . . . . . . 51
\upeta () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
\upfilledspoon (q) . . . . . . . 47
\upfootline (y) . . . . . . . . . 33
\upfree () . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
\Upgamma () . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
\upgamma () . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
upgreek (package) . 51, 119, 120
\upharpoonccw () . . . . . . . . 46
\upharpooncw () . . . . . . . . 46
\upharpoonleft () . . . . . . . 43
\upharpoonleft () . . . . . . . 41
\upharpoonright () . . . . . . 43
\upharpoonright () . . . . . . 41
\upiota () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
\upkappa () . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
\Uplambda () . . . . . . . . . . . 51
\uplambda () . . . . . . . . . . . 51
\uplett . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
\uplsquigarrow () . . . . . . . 44
\uplus (Z) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
\uplus (]) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
\uplus () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
\upmapsto () . . . . . . . . . . . 44
\upModels () . . . . . . . . . . . 33
\upmodels () . . . . . . . . . . . 33
\upmu () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
\upnu () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
\Upomega () . . . . . . . . . . . 51
\upomega () . . . . . . . . . . . 51
\upp (t) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
\upparenthfill . . . . . . . . 109
\Upphi () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
\upphi () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
\Uppi () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
\uppi () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
\uppitchfork () . . . . . . . . 47
\uppropto () . . . . . . . . . . . 33
\Uppsi () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
\uppsi () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
upquote (package) . . . . . . . 115
\uprho () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
upright Greek letters . . . 50, 51
\uprsquigarrow () . . . . . . . 44
upside-down symbols . . . . . 114
upside-down symbols 1113, 17,
103
\Upsigma () . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
\upsigma () . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
162
\Upsilon () . . . .
\upsilon () . . . . .
\upsilonup () . . .
\upslice () . . . .
\upspoon () . . . . .
\upt (l) . . . . . . . .
\uptau () . . . . . . .
\uptherefore () .
\Uptheta () . . . .
\uptheta () . . . . .
\uptodownarrow ()
\upuparrows () . .
\upuparrows () .
\upuparrows () . .
\upupharpoons ()
\Upupsilon () . . .
\upupsilon () . . .
\upvarepsilon () .
\upvarphi () . . . .
\upvarpi () . . . .
\upvarrho () . . . .
\upvarsigma () . .
\upvartheta () . .
\upVdash () . . . .
\upvdash () . . . . .
\Upxi () . . . . . . .
\upxi () . . . . . . .
\upY ()) . . . . . . . .
\upzeta () . . . . . .
\Uranus (G) . . . . .
\Uranus () . . . . . .
\uranus (Z) . . . . . .
\urcorner (y) . . . .
\urcorner (q) . . . .
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24,
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50
50
50
25
47
18
51
64
51
51
42
42
41
44
43
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
33
33
51
51
24
51
71
71
71
53
53
\urcorner () . . . . . . . . . . . 55
url (package) . . . . . . . . . . . 115
\US () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
\usepackage . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
ushort (package) . . 61, 119, 121
\ushort ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
\ushortdw ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 61
\ushortw ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
\ut (a) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
. . . . . . . . . . . . 117, 118
UTF-8
utf8x (inputenc package option) .
. . . . . . . . 117
\utilde ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
e
\utimes (^) . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
\utimes ($) . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Utopia (font) . . . . . . . . . 18, 30
V
\v (
a) . . . . . . . . .
\vara (a) . . . . . .
\varangle () . .
\varbigcirc (,)
\VarClock ( ) . .
\varclub () . . .
\varclubsuit (p)
\varcoppa () . . .
\varcurlyvee ()
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14
13
66
22
91
67
66
87
22
\varcurlywedge ( ) . . . . . . 22
\vardiamond () . . . . . . . . . 67
\vardiamondsuit (q) . . . . . . 66
\varEarth (J) . . . . . . . . . . . 71
\varepsilon () . . . . . . . . . 50
\varepsilonup () . . . . . . . . 50
\VarFlag ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 91
varg (txfonts/pxfonts package option) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
\varg (1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
\varg (G) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
\vargeq () . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
\varhash (#) . . . . . . . . . . . 66
\varheart () . . . . . . . . . . 67
\varheartsuit (r) . . . . . . . 66
\varhexagon (9) . . . . . . . . . 78
\varhexstar (B) . . . . . . . . . 77
\vari (i) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
variable-sized symbols . . 2530,
100, 102
\VarIceMountain ( ) . . . . . 91
\varinjlim (lim) . . . . . . . . . 49
r
\varint ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
\various (R) . . . . . . . . . . . 93
\varkappa () . . . . . . . . . . 50
\varleq () . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
\varliminf (lim) . . . . . . . . . 49
\varlimsup (lim) . . . . . . . . . 49
\varmathbb . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
\VarMountain ( ) . . . . . . . . 91
\varnothing () . . . . 21, 65, 66
\varnothing () . . . . . . . . . 66
\varnotin (T) . . . . . . . . . . . 52
\varnotowner (U) . . . . . . . . 52
\varoast () . . . . . . . . . . . 22
\varobar () . . . . . . . . . . . 22
\varobslash () . . . . . . . . . 22
\varocircle () . . . . . . . . . 22
\varodot () . . . . . . . . . . . 22
\varogreaterthan (5) F. . . . 22
\varoiiintclockwise ( ) . 27
N
\varoiiintctrclockwise ( )
. . . . .!. . . . 28
\varoiint ( ) . . . . B
. . . . . . 28
\varoiintclockwise ( ) . . 28
J
\varoiintctrclockwise ( ) 28
u
\varoint ( ) . . . . .- . . . . . . 26
\varointclockwise ( ) . . . . 28
ff
\varointclockwise ( ) +. . . . 28
\varointctrclockwise ( ) . 28
fl
\varointctrclockwise ( ) . . 28
\varolessthan (4) . . . . . . . 22
\varomega () . . . . . . . . . . . 13
\varominus () . . . . . . . . . . 22
\varopeno (C) . . . . . . . . . . . 13
\varoplus () . . . . . . . . . . 22
\varoslash () . . . . . . . . . . 22
\varotimes () . . . . . . . . . . 22
\varovee (6) . . . . . . . . . . . 22
\varowedge (7) . . . . . . . . . . 22
\varparallel () . . . . . . . . 31
\varparallelinv (
) .
\varpartialdiff () .
\varphi () . . . . . . .
\varphiup () . . . . . .
\varpi ($) . . . . . . . .
\varpi ($) . . . . . . . .
\varpiup ($) . . . . . .
\varprod ( ) . . . . . .
\varprojlim (lim) . . .
\varpropto () . . . .
\varpropto () . . . . .
\varQ ( ) . . . . . . . . .
\varrho (%) . . . . . . . .
\varrho (%) . . . . . . . .
\varrhoup (%) . . . . . .
\varsigma () . . . . . .
\varsigmaup () . . . .
\varspade () . . . . .
\varspadesuit (s) . .
\varsqsubsetneq ()
\varsqsubsetneqq ()
\varsqsupsetneq ()
\varsqsupsetneqq ()
\varstar () . . . . . . .
\varstigma () . . . . .
\varsubsetneq () . .
\varsubsetneq ( ) . .
\varsubsetneq () . .
\varsubsetneqq () .
\varsubsetneqq (&) .
\varsubsetneqq () . .
\VarSummit ( ) . . . .
\varsupsetneq () . .
\varsupsetneq (!) . .
\varsupsetneq () . .
\varsupsetneqq () .
\varsupsetneqq (') .
\varsupsetneqq () . .
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.
\VarTaschenuhr ( ) . .
\vartheta () . . . . . . .
\varthetaup () . . . . .
\vartimes (") . . . . . . .
\vartriangle (M) . . . .
\vartriangle () . . . .
\vartriangleleft ()
\vartriangleleft (C)
\vartriangleleft () .
\vartriangleright ()
\vartriangleright (B)
\vartriangleright ()
\varv (3) . . . . . . . . . .
\varvarpi () . . . . . .
\varvarrho () . . . . . .
\varw (4) . . . . . . . . . .
\vary (2) . . . . . . . . . .
\VBar ( ) . . . . . . . . . .
\vbipropto () . . . . . .
\vcentcolon (:) . . . . . .
\vcenter . . . . . . . . . .
\vcrossing () . . . . . .
\VDash (() . . . . . . . . .
163
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. . 91
. . 50
. . 50
. . 22
. . 66
. . 40
. . 40
. . 39
39, 40
. . 40
. . 39
39, 40
. . 51
. . 51
. . 51
. . 51
. . 51
. . 79
. . 24
. . 34
. 104
. . 33
. . 32
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31
53
50
50
50
51
50
28
49
30
33
90
50
51
50
50
50
67
66
37
37
37
37
23
87
37
36
37
37
36
37
91
37
36
37
37
36
37
\VDash () . . . . . . .
\Vdash (,) . . . . . . .
\Vdash (
) . . . . . . .
\Vdash () . . . . . . .
\vDash (() . . . . . . .
\vDash () . . . . . . .
\vDash () . . . . . . .
\vdash (`) . . . . . . .
\vdash () . . . . . . .
\vdotdot () . . . . . .
.
\vdots (..) . . . . . . . .
\vdots () . . . . . . . .
\vec () . . . . . . . . .
\vec (~) . . . . . . . . .
\Vectorarrow (p) . . .
\Vectorarrowhigh (P)
\vee (_) . . . . . . . . .
\vee () . . . . . . . . .
\vee () . . . . . . . . .
\veebar (Y) . . . . . .
\veebar (Y) . . . . . .
\veedot (/) . . . . . .
\veedoublebar ([) .
\Venus (B) . . . . . . .
\Venus () . . . . . . .
\venus () . . . . . . .
\vernal () . . . . . .
versicle ( ) . . . . . . .
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24,
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33
32
30
33
32
30
33
30
33
64
63
64
58
57
67
67
23
22
24
23
22
24
23
71
71
71
71
118
\VERT (
) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
\Vert (k) . . . . .
\vert (|) . . . . . .
\vertbowtie ()
\vertdiv () . . .
\VHF (@) . . . . . .
\Vier ( ) . . . . .
vietnam (package)
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54, 56
54, 56
. . 24
. . 24
. . 70
. . 89
. 119
\Village (
) . . . . . . . . 91
\vin ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
vinculum . . . . . . see \overline
\ViPa (> ) . . . .
\Virgo () . . .
\virgo (`) . .
\VM (>) . . . . . .
vntex (package)
\vod (v) . . . . .
\voicedh (h) . .
\vppm ( ) . . . .
\vpppm ( ) . . .
\vrule . . . . . .
\VT () . . . . . .
\vv ( #) . . . . .
\VvDash () . .
\Vvdash (,) . .
\Vvdash () . .
\Vvdash () . .
\vvvert (~) . .
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..
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10,
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..
..
..
..
89
71
71
89
14
13
13
95
95
97
72
61
31
32
30
33
55
W
\WashCotton () . . . . . . . . 90
\WashSynthetics () . . . . 90
\WashWool () . . . . . . . . . . 90
\wasylozenge () . . . . . . . . 88
\wasypropto () . . . . . . . . . 31
wasysym (package) . . 13, 18, 20,
22, 23, 26, 30, 31, 3638, 41,
6466, 70, 71, 73, 77, 78, 88,
101, 119, 120
\wasytherefore () . . . . . . 64
wavy-line delimiters . . . . 55, 56
\wbetter (f) . . . . . . . . . . . 93
\wdecisive (h) . . . . . . . . . 93
\weakpt (J) . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
\WeakRain ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 91
\WeakRainCloud ( ) . . . . . . 91
weather symbols . . . . . . . . . 91
\Wecker ( ) . . . . . .
\wedge (^) . . . . . . . .
\wedge () . . . . . . . .
\wedge () . . . . . . . .
\wedgedot (.) . . . . . .
Weierstrass function
\wfermion ( ) . . . . . .
\Wheelchair (w) . . . .
\whfermion ( ) . . . .
\whistle (a ) . . . . . . .
d
m
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. . . 91
. . . 23
. . . 22
. . . 24
. . . 24
see \wp
. . . 74
. . . 90
. . . 74
. . . 16
A)
\WhiteBishopOnWhite (B)
\WhiteEmptySquare (0) .
\WhiteKingOnBlack (J) .
\WhiteKingOnWhite (K) .
\WhiteKnightOnBlack (M)
\WhiteKnightOnWhite (N)
\WhitePawnOnBlack (O) .
\WhitePawnOnWhite (P) .
\WhiteQueenOnBlack (L)
\WhiteQueenOnWhite (Q)
\WhiteRookOnBlack (S) .
\WhiteRookOnWhite (R) .
\WhiteBishopOnBlack (
94
94
94
94
94
\wideparen ( )
\wideparen ()
\wideparen ()
u) .
\widering (
\widering ( ) .
\widering (
) .
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60
60
59
60
60
. . . . . . . . . . 59
\widetilde () . . . . . . . . . . 60
\widetilde (e) . . . . . . . 59, 61
\widetriangle () . . . . . . . 59
\wind . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
\with (&) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
\with (v) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
\withattack (A) . . . . . . . . . 93
\withidea (E) . . . . . . . . . . 93
\withinit (C) . . . . . . . . . . . 93
\without (w) . . . . . . . . . . . 93
\wn (?) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
woman . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81, 90
\Womanface () . . . . . . . . . 90
won . . . . . . . . . . see \textwon
world . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
\wp () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
\wp () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
\wr (o) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
\wr () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
\wreath () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
wreath product . . . . . . see \wr
\Writinghand (b) . . . . . . . . 90
wsuipa (package) 13, 16, 18, 101,
103, 107, 119, 120
\wupperhand (c) . . . . . . . . . 93
94
X
\x (X) . . . . . . .
\x () . . . . . . .
(4) . . . .
\XBox
Xdvi . . . . . . . .
XELATEX . . . . .
xfrac (package)
94
\xhookleftarrow (
-) . . . . . 62
94
94
94
94
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\xhookrightarrow (,
)
\Xi () . . . . . . . . . . . .
\xi () . . . . . . . . . . . .
\xiup () . . . . . . . . . .
=)
\xLeftarrow (
. . . . 65
. . . . 95
. . . . 77
47, 103
. . . 118
. . . . 67
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62
50
50
50
. . . . . . . . 62
94
\xleftarrow (
) . . . . . . . . 61
94
\whitestone . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
whole note see musical symbols
Wick contractions . . . . . . . 109
\widearc () . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
\widearrow (t) . . . . . . . . . . 60
\widebar (s) . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
\widecheck (q) . . . . . . . . . . 60
\widehat () . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
\widehat (b) . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
\wideOarc () . . . . . . . . . . . 60
\wideparen (u) . . . . . . . . . . 60
\xleftharpoondown ()
) . . . 62
\xleftharpoonup ((
) . . . . . 62
\xLeftrightarrow (
)
. . . 62
\xLeftrightarrow (
)
. . . 62
\xleftrightarrow (
)
. . . 62
\xleftrightarrow (
)
. . . 62
\xLongleftarrow (=
=) . . . . 62
) . . . . 62
\xlongleftarrow (
\xLongleftrightarrow (=
=)
. . . . . . . . . 62
\xlongleftrightarrow (
)
. . . . . . . . . 62
\xLongrightarrow (=
=) . . . 62
\xlongrightarrow (
) . . . 62
\xmapsto (7)
. . . . . . . . . . 62
\xmapsto (7) . . . . . . . . . . 63
XML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
\xRightarrow (=
) . . . . . . . . 62
\xrightarrow (
) . . . . . . . 61
+) . . 62
\xrightharpoondown (
\xrightharpoonup (
*) . . . . 62
*
\xrightleftharpoons (
)
) . 62
*
\xrightleftharpoons ()
) . 62
Xs . . . . . . . . . . .
\XSolid ( ) . . . .
\XSolidBold ( )
\XSolidBrush ( )
\xswordsdown (U)
\xswordsup (T) .
$
%
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77,
..
..
..
..
..
\xtwoheadleftarrow ()
90
77
77
77
91
91
63
\xtwoheadrightarrow () 63
XY-pic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
Y
\Ydown () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
yen . . . . . . . . . . . see \textyen
yfonts (package) 68, 69, 119, 120
yhmath (package) 58, 59, 61, 64,
107, 119
\Yinyang (Y) . . . . . . . . . . . 90
\Yleft () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
\yogh (`) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
\yogh (x) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
\Yright () . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Yu, Billy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
\Yup () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Z
Zapf Chancery (font)
Zapf Dingbats (font)
\Zborder ( ) . . . . .
\zeta () . . . . . . . .
\zetaup () . . . . . . .
\Zodiac . . . . . . . . .
zodiacal symbols . . .
\Ztransf (
....
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...
75,
...
...
...
...
...
68
77
80
50
50
71
71
) . . . . . . . . . 36
....
(
) . 62
\xleftrightharpoons (
+
\ztransf (
) . . . . . . . . . 36
\zugzwang (D) . . . . . . . . . . 93
\xlongequal (===) . . . . . . . . 63
\Zwdr ( * ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
\xlongequal (===) . . . . . . . . 62
\ZwPa ( A ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
164