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F5C2 - Nutrition
F5C2 - Nutrition
F5C2 - Nutrition
FORM: 5
2. NUTRIENT
REQUIREMENT PLANTS
NUTRITION
3. THE NITROGEN
CYCLE
4. MANAGING FOOD
RESOURCES
Definition : Chemical substances which all living things need in order to live and
grow healthily.
Importance: 1. To get energy
Gigi
2. To grow
Ghazali
Keyword
3. To build new cell
Baru
4. To repair damaged tissue
Rongak,
5. To maintain good health
Mak
Nutrient can be found in the 5 basic classes of food, there are:
Class of food
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Fats
Example
Bread, Rice, Sugar
Meat, Fish, Egg
Butter, Cheese, Oils
Vegetables, Fruits
Dietary fibre
Water
1.2
NUTRIENTS
Main Importance
Energy supplier
Calorific values
(kJ/g)
2.7
10.1
Example :
80 g of bread
150 g of butter
65 g of milk
500 g of mutton
1. Sex
Male need more energy than female
Sheila
2. Body size
Person who has big size need more energy
than person who has small size
Basuh
3. State of health
Normal person need more energy than sick person
Stokin
4. Physical activities
People who do hard job need more energy
than people who do easy job
Putih
5. Temperature of surroundings
People who live in cold country need more energy
than people who live in other places
Timah
Keyword
1.4
BALANCED DIET
Definition: Diet which consists of all the classes of food, include water and
dietary fibre, in the correct proportions.
Importance: 1. To get energy
Gigi
2. To grow
Ghazali
Keyword
3. To build new cell
Baru
4. To repair damaged tissue
Rongak,
5. To maintain good health
Mak
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Fats
Minerals & vitamins
Dietary fibre
Water
1.5
= 80%
= 7.5%
= 10%
= sufficient amount
= sufficient amount
= 7-8 glasses
HEALTH PROBLEM
A lot of problems might be arising from over eating, less eating or eating unbalanced diet.
For example:
a) Malnutrition
(eating unbalanced diet) d) Diseases due to unhealthy eating
b) Obesity
(more eating)
habits (eating unbalanced diet).
c) Anorexia nervosa (less eating)
For part a) malnutrition, diseases might be arising are as follow as:
Nutrient
lacking
Carbohydrate
Protein
Disease
Main symptoms
Marasmus
Iron
Anaemia
Iodine
Goitre
Picture
Calcium
Vitamin A
Night
blindness
Vitamin B
Beri-beri
Vitamin C
Scurvy
Bleeding gums
Vitamin D
Rickets
Dietary fibre
Constipation
2. Do exercise regularly
2. Stroke
- stroke occurs if artery of the brain bursts
- it can cause paralysis of part of the body
or the whole body
3. Tooth decay
- Happen due to excess sugar in food,
so bacteria inside the mouth change it
into lactic acid, and this acid destroy
the tooths enamel.
- To avoid it, person should:
a) Eat less sugary food
b) Always brushing the teeth after eat
4. diabetes melitus
- happen when body cant produce enough
insulin to deal with excess glucolin (came
from food)
- It can cause tiredness, coma, even worse
death
- to avoid it, person should:
a) Eat less sugary food
b) Do exercise regularly
c) Control weight
5. Atherosclerosis
- Happens due to excess of cholesterol
in bloodstream
- It makes artery becomes hard, less elastic
and resist bloods flow
6. Heart attack
- occur when the bloods flow to the heart
stop and part of the heart die.
- it might be fatal
b) Control weight
c) Do exercise regularly
- Side effect: hypertension
d) eat healthy food
Importance of Taking Good Nutrition and Practicing Good Eating Habits
o
o
o
o
Help us to prevent deficiency diseases such as ricket, goiter, scurvy and etc.
Help us to prevent health problem such as hypertension, stroke, diabetes and etc.
Supply necessary energy that required by us
Maintain our good health
Note:
Good eating habits that we should adopt include the following:
o
o
o
o
o
Sunlight
Glucose + Oxygen
Chlorophyll
o
o
Water
Absorbed
through the
roots
Transport
along
xylem
to
the leaves
Carbon dioxide
o Absorbed
from
air
through the
stomata in
leaves
Importance of photosynthesis:
Sunlight
Supply
energy for
this process
Chlorophyll
Absorb
sunlight
Glucose
Combination
of hydrogen
and
carbon
dioxide
o
o
Oxygen
Waste
product
Released
from leaves
through
stomata
Function
To form carbohydrates, proteins and fats
2.3 MICRONUTRIENTS
Definition: Minerals required by plants in very small amount for their healthy growth.
They also have known as trace elements.
Micronutrients and their functions:
Micronutrient
Boron (B)
Molybdenum (Mo)
Zinc (Zn)
Manganese (Mn)
Copper (Cu)
Iron (Fe)
Function
To help in the breaking up of the carbohydrates
To help nitrogen to carry out its functions
To activate certain enzymes
Deficiency symptom
Stunted (short) growth
Leaves are small, yellow and drop off easily
Phosphorus (P)
Action of denitrifying
bacteria
Nitrogen in atmosphere
Lightning
Nitrates
Nitrates
Absorption
Absorption
Nitrites
Plant proteins
Decay by bacteria and fungi
Nutrition
Ammonium in compounds
Animal proteins
Decay by bacteria and fungi