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jkpH;
BtY]h; khtl;lk;
Kjd;ikahd tpdhf;fSk;. tpilf;Fwpg;g[fSk;
(tpdh tiut[j; jpl;lg;go)
2012 2013
jkpH; Kjy; jhs; I
I.
. chpa tpiliaj; Bjh;e;bjGJf: 1.
2.
3.
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jpUf;Fwisg; Bghw;wp ghLk; E]y; jpUts;St khiy.

jpUf;Fws; Fws;
Fws btz;ghf;fshy; Md E]yhFk;.
nizapy;iy Kg;ghYf;F ne;epyj;Bj vdg; ghoath; ghujpjhrd;
Vyhjp gjpbdz; fPH;f;fzf;F E]y;fSs;
Ss xd;W.
fzpBkjhtpahhpd; fhyk; fp.gp. Ie;jhk; E]w;whz;L.
kUe;;Jg; bghUs;fshy; mikag; bgw;w nU E]y;fs; jphpfLfk;, Vyhjp
gjpdhW brt;tpay; jd;ikfisf; bfhz;lJ brk;bkhHp vdf; Twpath; ghthzh;.
nd;iwa kJiuapy; K}d;whk; jkpH;
jkpH;r;rA;fk; nUe;jJ.
nsA;Bfhtofs; Bru ehl;ilr; Brh;e;jth;.
beq;ir ms;Sk; rpyg;gjpfhuk; vd;W ghoath; ghujpahu;.
FLk;g tpsf;F ghujpjhrd; gilg;g[fSs; xd;W.
ghujpjhrd; g[ul;rpf; ftpqh; vd miHf;fg;gLfpwhh;.
murpd; midj;Jj; Jiwfspy; bgz;fs; gzpahw;Wk; BghJ ek;
rKjhaj;jpy; g[ul;rp Vw;gLk; vd;wth; bghpahu;.
bgz; moik Mdjw;F chpa fhuzA;fSs; xd;W brhj;J]hpik ny;yhik.
fk;guhkhazk; MW fhz;lA;fisf; bfhz;l E]y;.
ruRtjp me;jhjp fk;gu;
u naw;wpa E]y;fSs; xd;W.
fk;giug; g[ue;jth; rilag;
rilag;g ts;sy;.
Kk;igapy; mk;Bgj;fh; rpwpJ fhyk; bghUspay;
y Bguhrphpauhfg; gzpahw;wpdhh;.
mk;Bgj;fUf;F ne;jpa muR tHA;fpa tpUJ ghujp uj;dh
ey; vd;Dk; milbkhHp bgw;w E]y; ew;wpiz
ew;wpiziaj; bjhFg;gpj;jth; cf;fpug; bgUtGjp
ew;wpiz vl;Lj; bjhif
bjhif E[]y;fisr; rhh;e;jJ
Ez;zpa E]y; gy fw;wth;f;Bf mike;j mhpa fiy Bgr;Rf; fiy
Bkilg; Bgr;rpy; kf;fis Nh;j;th; Bguwpqh; mz;zh
Brf;fpHh; bgUkhd; mUspaJ bghpag[uhzk;
hzk
jk; tPl;oYs;s midj;Jg; bghUs;fSf;Fk; jpUeht[f;furh; vdg; bgah;
R{l;oath; mg;g{jpaofshh;
gj;jpr; Rit edp brhl;lr; brhl;lg; ghoa ftptyt vdg; ghoath;
kfhtpj;Jthd; kPdhl;rp Re;judhh;.
gz;bzhL jkpbHhg;gha; vdj; bjhlA;Fk; ghly; nlk;bgWk; E]y; Bjth
Bjthuk;
jpwdwpe;J Bjh;e;J bfhs;s Btz;oath; K}j;j mwpt[ilahh;
mhpatw;Ws; vy;yhk; mhpJ bghpahu; Bgzpj; jkuhf bfhsy;
Kjypyhh;f;F Cjpak; ny;iy
jpUeht[f;furh; fhyk; fp.gp.7Mk;
7Mk E]w;whz;L.
ehkhu;f;Fk; Foay;Byhk; vd;Dk; ghly; ghujpahiu
ghujpahiu mr;rkpy;iy
mr;rkpy;iy vdg; ghlj; J}]z;oaJ.
cyfk; vd;Dk; jkpH;r; brhy; cyt[ vd;Dk; brhy;ypd; moahfg; gpwe;jJ.
jkpHh;fs; jpyj;ij Ie;J tifahfg; gphpj;Jf; fhl;oapUf;fpwhh;fs;.
rPwhg;g[uhzk; K}d;W fhz;lA;fisa[ilaJ

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37. BfHy; vd;gjd; bghUs; gd;wp
38. fhe;jpaofs; mhpr;re;jpud;
pud ehlfj;ijg; ghu;j;J cz;ikBa Bgr Btz;Lk;
vd;W cWjp g{z;lhh;.
39. giftdplKk; md;g[fhl;Lk; vdf; Twpa E]y; iggps;
40. mwbewpahfg; Bghw;wg;gl Btz;oait vspik, rpf;fdk;.
41. fypj; bjhif vl;Lj; bjhif E]y;fspy; xd;W .
42. bea;jy; fypiag; ghoath; ey;ye;Jtdhh;.
43. Bghw;whiug; bghWj;jy; vd;gJ bghiw vdg;gLk;.
44. bgUkhs; jpUbkhHpapy; 105 ghRuA;fs; cs;sd.
45. FyBrfuhH;thu; ghly; bgUkhs; jpUbkhHp bjhFg;gpy; cs;sJ.
46. cybfyhk; czh;e;J xjw;fhpatd; vdj; bjhlA;Fk; ghly; nlk; bgw;ws;s
E]y; bghpag[uhzk;.
47. ts;syhhpd; naw;bgah; nuhkypA;fh;.
48. bgUk;ghyhd gzpfSf;F mog;gilj; jFjp gd;dpuz;lhk; tFg;g[.
49. tpuy;fs; gj;Jk; K}yjhdk; vd;Dk; ghlypd; Mrphpah; jhuh ghujp.
50. grpg;gpzp kUj;Jth; ts;syhh;.
II Bfhol;l nlA;fis epug;g[f::1. khzpf;fthrfh; gpwe;j Ch; jpUthjt{h;
jpUthjt{h;
2. khzpf;fthrfh; ghly;fs; vl;lhk;
hk jpUKiwapy; nlk; bgw;Ws;sd.
3. khzpf;fthrfu; fl;oa Bfhtpy; jpUbgUe;Jiwapy; cs;sJ.
4. khzpf;f thrfh; mhpkh;j;jd ghz;oa kd;dhplk; jiyikaikr;ruhfg; gzpahw;wpdhh;.
5. $p.a[. Bghg; jpUthrfj;ij MA;fpy bkhHpapy; bkhHpbgah;j;jhh;.
6. jpUthrj;jpw;F cUfhu; xUthrfj;
xUthrfj;jpw;Fk; cUfhu;
7. jpUf;Fwspy; 133 mjpfhuA;fSk; 1330 Fwl;ghf;fSk; cs;sd.
8. jpUf;Fws; MA;fpyk;
k Kjyhd cyf bkhHpfspy; bkhHpbgah;f;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
9. XGf;fj;jpd; va;Jth; Bkz;ik nGf;fj;jpd; va;Jth; va;jhg;; gHp
10. ghpe;Bjhk;gpf; fhf;f xGf;fk; bjhpe;Bjhk;gpj; BjhpDk; m|Bj Jiz
11. Cf;fk; cilahd; xLf;fk;
k bghUjfh; jhf;fw;Fg; BgUk; jifj;J.
12. jkpHh; kdpj thH;it mfk;, g[wk; vdg;gphpj;jdh;
13. Fkhpf;fz;lj;jpy; Bjhd;wpa Kjy; kdpjd; Bgrpa bkhHp jkpH;.
14. 2004 Mk; Mz;L mf;Blhgh;
lhgh jpA;fspy; jkpH; bkhHpiar; brk;bkhHpahf
eLtzuR mwptpj;jJ.
15. jkpH;, kpft[k; gz;gl;l bkhHpbadf; Twpa bkhHpapay; mwpqh; khf;R Ky;yk;
Mthh;.
16. nul;ilf; fhg;gpak; vd;gd rpyg;gjpfhuKk; kzpBkfiya[k; MFk;.
17. rpyg;gjpfhuk; kzpBkfiy rPtfrpe;jhkzp tisahgjp Fz;ly Bfrp vd;gd
Ik;bgUA;fhg;gpaA;fs; MFk;.
18. jkpH;fsplk; nd;W gutpa[s;s bgUBeha; xd;W cs;sJ.
19. bghpahu; rK}f Kuz;fis vjph;j;jth;.
20. ew;wpid xd;gjor; rpw;bwy;ya[k; gd;dpuz;L Bgbuy;iya[k; bfhz;l E]y;
21. mhp vd;Dk; brhy;ypd; bghUs; bew;
bew;fjph;
22. btWk; Bgr;Rf;Fk; Bkilg; Bgr;Rf;Fk; BtWghL cz;L.
23. Bgr;R Kotpy; RUf;fj;ij Twpf; fUj;jpid epiyehl;o Koj;jy; Btz;Lk;.
24. eog;ghw;wy; kpf;ftiua[k; eog;igf; fw;Wj; jUgtiua[k; naf;Feh; vd miHg;gh;
25. glg;gpog;g[f; fUtpia efh;j;Jk; tz;oapy; bghUj;JtJk; cz;L.
26. naA;FUg; glA;fs; ghh;g;gjw;F Btof;ifahf nUf;Fk;.
27. Bghypg;g[yth;fisj; jiyapy; Fl;Lgth; mjptPuuhk ghz;oad;.
28. ehy;tifg; ghf;fSk; taYf;F tug;g[fshf mike;Js;sd.

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29.
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nbyK}hpahit kdpj ehfupfj; bjhl;oy; vd;gh;.

jdf;Ftikapy;yh xU jdp jkpH; ndk;.
ny;yhiu vy;yhUk;
hUk vs;Sth;.
mwdPDk; nd;gKk; NDk; jpwdwpe;J jPjpd;wp te;j bghUs;.
jpUeht[f;furhpd; jkf;ifahh; jpyftjpahh; Mthh;.
jpUeht[f;furh; mUspa ghly;fs; Bjthuk;
Bjthuk vd tHA;fg;gLfpwJ.
rPwhg;g[uhzj;ij naw;wpath; ckWg;g[yth;.
ckWg;g[ytiu Mjhpj;j ts;sy; rPjf;fhjp.
fhe;jpaofs; mhpr;re;jpud; vd;Dk; ehlf E]iyg; goj;jhh;.
jpUf;Fwis bkhHp bgah;j;j cUrpa mwpqh; jhy;Rjha;
jha.
jhh; Bte;jd; Bfhy; Behf;fp thGk; Fo Bghd;wpUe;Bjd;.
ehyhapuj; jpt;tpag; gpuge;jj;jpy; bgUkhs; jpUbkhHp FyBrfuu; ghoajhFk;.
fyk;gfk; bjhz;
bjhz;Z]w;whW tifr; rpw;wpyf;fpaA;fSs; xd;W.
giz vd;Dk; brhy;ypd; bghUs; K}A;fpy;.
nuhkypA;fh; rj;jpa jUkr;rhiyia epWtpa nlk; tlY}]h;.
nuhkypA;fh; jkpH; bkhHpBa nwthj epiy jUk; vd;W fUjpdhh;.
rA;f fhyj;jpy; bgz;fs; fly;
fly fle;J bry;yf; TlhJ
ehs;BjhWk; fy;tpapy; g[Jg;g[Jj; Jiwfs; cz;lhfpf;bfhz;oapUf;fpd;wd.
fhtyh;, nuhZtk; Bghd;w gzpfSf;F clw;TW Bjh;t[k; vGj;Jj;
j Bjh;t[k; cz;L.
bea;jy;fypiag; ghoath; ey;ye;Jtdhh;
tdhh.
rl;lkhBkij vd miHf;fg;gLgth; lhf;lh;.mk;Bgj;fh;
h.
fk;giug; g[ue;jth; rilag;g ts;sy;
y.

III bghUj;Jf :
1. tpiu
2. fHy;
3. jJk;gp
4. bka;
5. g[fhh;fhz;lk;
6. kJiuf; fhz;lk;
7. tq;rpf; fhz;lk;
8. nlu;
9. ehtha;
10.niw
21. vord;
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
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33.

vl;th;L ikgphpl;R thy;l; o!;dp

fhd;
cGit
klA;fy;
vz;F
rj;jpa Brhid
gftj;fPij
jpUf;Fws;
iggps;
tpidBa Mlth;f;Faph;
Ke;ePh; tHf;fk; kfL}c

kzk;
11. ne;J
- epyt[
mzpfyd;
12. brW
- tay;
bgUfp
13. tpj;J
- tpij
cly;
14. ahzh;
- g[JtUtha;
10 fhijfs;
15. tl;o
- gidBahiyg;bgl;o
13 fhijfs;
16. Bkjp
- vUik
7 fhijfs;
17. re;jk;
mHF
Jd;gk;
18. Bfhjpy; - Fw;wkpy;yhj
glF
19. mA;fzh; - rptd;
jiytd;
20. N!;l;kd;
- glr;RUs;
xUth; kl;Lk;
ghh;;f;Fk; glf;fUtp
naf;fg;glk;
fUj;Jg;glk;.
fhL
g[yp
rpA;fk;
fuo
fhe;jpaofs;
ne;J rka E]y;
jpUts;Sth;
- fpwpj;Jt rka E]y;
- FWe;bjhif
Bthoy;iy
bjhy;fhg;gpah;

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34. clk;ig tsh;j;Bjd;, caph; tsh;j;BjBd jpUK}yh;
35. tpuy;fs; gj;Jk; K}yjdk;
- jhuhghujp
IV.
. Vw;w tpdh mikf;f::1. bgz;fs; chpik bgw;Wg; g[J cyifg; gilf;f Btz;Lk vd;W tpUk;gpath; bghpahh;.
bghpahh; vjid tpUk;gpdhh; ?
2. bghpahh; bgz;Zhpikf;Fk; CW tpidtpf;Fk; giHa ek;gpf;iffis Vw;f kWj;jhh;.
bghpahh; vtw;iw Vw;f kWj;jhh;?
3. bra;jpg;glA;fs; thapyhf epfH;t[fis ek; nUg;gplj;jpByBa fz;L fspf;fyhk;.
vtw;wpd; thapyhf epfH;t[fis ek; nUg;gpl
plj;jpByBa fz;L fspf;fyhk;?
4. jpiuauA;Ffspy; jpiug;glk; fhl;l xspxypg; glf;fUtp gad;gLfpwJ.
jpiuauA;Ffspy; jpiug;glk; fhl;l vf;fUtp gad;gLfpwJ ?
5. jpiug;glk; vLg;gjidtplr; bra;jpg;glk; vLg;gJ fodkhd gzpahFk;.
vJ fodkhd gzpahFk; ?
6. eog;g[f; fiyiaa[k; murpaiya[k; jk; nUfz;fshf vk;.$p. nuhkre;jpud; fUjpdhh;.
vij
vij jk; nUfz;fshf vk;.$p. nuhkre;jpud; fUjpdhh;?
7. jkpHh;fs; mut[ ehl;LlDk; atd ehl;LlDk; thzpfj; bjhlh;g[ bfhz;oUe;jhh;fs;.
jkpHh;fs; ve;jbje;j ehLfSld; thzpfj; bjhlh;g[ bfhz;oUe;jhh;fs;?
8. fhe;jpaofs; gyBfho kf;fspd; gl;odpiag; Bghf;Fk; thH;thjhuk; fjh; vd;W fUjpdhh;.
fhe;jpaofs; fjiu vt;thW fUjpdhh;?
9. nisqh;fspd; cs;sj;jpy; ehl;Lg; gw;Wk; bkhHpg;gw;Wk; bja;tg;gw;Wk; tsUk;
tifapy; fy;tp mikjy; Btz;Lk;.
fy;tp vt;thW mikjy; Btz;Lk;?
10. nsA;fiyg;gl;lk; bgw;wth;fs; nsA;fiyf; fy;tpapy; gl;lk; bgw;wpUe;jhy; gl;ljhhp
Mrphpah; gzpapy; Bruyhk;.
vj;jFjpa[ilBahh; gl;ljhhp Mrphpah; gzpapy; Bruyhk;?
11. bjhHpy; El;gg; gapyfj;jpy; gapy;Bthh;f;F epiwa Btiytha;g;g[fs; cs;sd.
ahUf;F epiwa Btiy tha;g;g[fs; cs;sd?
12. nuhkypA;fh; niwaUs; bgw;w jpUf;FHe;ij vd;W ghuhl;lg;gl;lhh;.
nuhkypA;fh; vg;go ghuhl;lg;gl;lhh;?
1.

2.

3.
4.
5.

6.

nuz;L kjpg;bgz; tpdh (bra;a[s;)

caphpDk; Xk;gg;gLtJ? vJ? Vd;?

caphpDk; Xk;gg;gLtJ xGf;fk;.

Vbdd;why; xGf;fk; xUtUf;F midj;Jr; rpwg;g[fisa[k; jUfpwJ.
XGf;fj;jhy; va;
va;JtJ vJ? nGf;fj;jhy; va;JtJ vJ?

xGf;fj;jhy; va;JtJ Bkd;ik

nGf;fj;jhy; va;JtJ milaf; Tlhj gHp.
ed;wpf;F tpj;jhtJ vJ?
ed;wpf;F tpj;jhtJ ey;byhGf;fk;.
vd;Wk; nLk;igj; jUtJ vJ?
vd;Wk; nLk;igj; jUtJ jPa xGf;fk;
fhyk; fUjpDk; ifTLk;. vg;BghJ?
ghJ?
fhyk; mwpe;J nlj;BjhL bghUe;jp bray;gLjy; Btz;Lk;. mt;thW bra;jhy;
cyfj;ij mila tpUk;gpDk; ifTLk;.
Cf;fk; cilahd; xLf;fk; vjidg; Bghd;wJ?
Cf;fk; cilatdpd; xLf;fk;, Ml;Lf;flh gifiaj; jhf;ftjw;Fk;gpd;thA;Fk;
jd;ikiag; Bghd;wjhFk;.

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8.
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22.

braw;fhpa bray; bra;tJ vg;BghJ?

tha;g;g[f; fpilj;jbghGJ, mt;tha;g;igg; gad;gLj;jpf; bfhz;L mg;BghBj
braw;fhpa bray;fisr; bra;a Btz;Lk;
jpUts;StUf;F tHA;Fk; BtW bgah;fs; ahit?
1. Kjw;ghtyh;, 2. bja;tg;g[yth;, 3. Bjth;, 4. bgha;apy; g[yth;
ahit?
?
gHpapy;yh kd;dha; thH;gtdpd; gz;g[fshff; fzpBkjhtpah; Fwpg;gpLtd ahit

gpwh;f;Fg; gzpjy;, ey;tHpapy; elj;jy;, rhd;Bwhh;fspd; mwpt[iuiag;
gpd;gw;Wjy;.

Ez;zwpt[ E]y;fis Muha;e;Jk;, mit TWk; tz;zk; thGjBy gHpapy;yh
kd;ddpd; gz;g[fshFk;.
Ffd; nuhkidf; fz;L vt;thW gzpe;J tzA;fpdhd;?

nuhkidf; fz;fshy; fz;L kfpH;e;j Ffd;;; nUs; Bghd;w ePz;l jiyKo
kz;zpy; tpKk;go tPH;e;J tzA;fpdhd;.

gpd; vGe;J thiaf; ifahy; bghj;jp cliy tisj;J mlf;fkhf epd;whd;.
Ffdpd; Btz;
Btz;LBfhs; ahJ?

cyfpw;F bry;tk; Bghd;wtBd! jtf;Bfhyj;jpy; jA;fisg; ghh;j;j vd;
fz;fis vLf;f nayhj epiyapy; cs;s fs;td; ehd;.

nk;kdj;JaBuhL vd; nUg;gplk; bry;Byd;, IaBd! jA;fSf;F moikaha;
nUe;J bjhz;L bra;a mDkjpf;FkhW nuhkdplk; Ffd; Btz;odhd;.
md;g[s ndp ehk;Xh; Ith;fs; csuhBdhk; ahh; ahhplk; TwpaJ?
nuhkgpuhd;, Ffdplk; TwpaJ.
mg;g{jpaofs; vj;jifa gz;ghsh;?

fhkk;, rpdk;, fst[, bgha; Mfpa Fw;wA;fs; ePA;fpath;

rpwe;j rptgf;jh;, eht[f;fruplk; Bgud;g[kpf;fth; .
K}j;j jpUeht[
jpUeht[f;furUf;F Beh;e;jbjd;d?
K}j;j jpUeht[f;furh; thiHapd; nsA;FUj;ij mhpa[k; BghJ ghk;g[ jPz;oajhy;
caph; Jwf;f Beh;e;jJ.
ng;BghJ nA;F mtd; cjthd; ahh; ahhplk; TwpaJ?
mg;g{jpaofs;, jpUeht[f;furhplk; TwpaJ.
taypd; tug;g[fshff; Twg;gLgit ahit?

ehy;tifg; ghf;fBs taypd; tug;g[fshFk;.

mit btz;gh, Mrphpah;gh, fypg;gh, tq;rpg;gh KjypaitfshFk;.
tay; jUk; tpist[fs; ahit?

mwk;, bghUs;, nd;gk;, tPL Mfpad tay; jUk; tpist[fshFk;.
Bghypg; g[yth;fisj; jz;og;Bghh; ahth;?

jiyapy; Fl;Lgth; mjptPuuhk ghz;oad;

brtpia mWg;gth; tpy;ypg[j;J]uhh;

jiyia btl;Lgth; Xl;lf;Tj;jh;.
bfLg;ghh; nyhDA; bfLgth; ahh;?
Fw;wk; fz;l nlj;J noj;Jj; jpUj;Jk; bghpahhpd; Jizapy;yhj murd;, jd;idf;
bfLf;Fk; gifth; nd;wp jhBd bfl;lHpthd;.
ey;yhh; bjhlh;g[ iftply; vj;jd;ijj;J?
ey;yhh; bjhlh;g[ iftply; vd;gJ gyiug; gifj;Jf; bfhs;tijtpl gd;klA;F
jPik cilajhFk;.
bghUsy;ytiug; bghUshfr; bra;tJ vJ?
xU bghUl;lhf kjpf;fhjtiua[k; gpwh; kjpf;FkhW bra;tjpy; bghUSf;F
nizahdJ Btwpy;iy.
Bte;ju;f;Fhpa
Fhpa bghUs;fs; vit?

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muRhpikapy; te;j bghUSk;, kf;fs; thpahfjUk; bghUSk;, giftiu
btd;W bfhz;l jpiug; bghUSk; murDf;F chpa bghUs;fshk;.
rpt bgUkhd; vj;jd;ikapdd;
kapdd; vd eht[f;furh; TWfpwhh;?

ahUf;Fk; Ml;glhjj; jd;ik cilath;.

mHfpa btz;ikahd rA;fpid fhjpy; FiHahff; bfhz;lth vd;W
eht[f;furh; TWfpwhh;.
Mw;Wjy; vd;gJ ahJ?
Mw;Wjy; vd;gJ tUe;jp te;Bjhh;f;F cjt[jy;.
gz;g[ vdg;gLtJ ahJ?
gz;g[ vdg;gLtJ rhd;Bwhh; tHp mwpe;J elj;jy;
mwpt[ vdg;gLtJ ahJ?
mwpt[ vdg;gLtJ mwptw;wth;fs; TWk; brhw;fisg; bghWj;jy;.
fyk;gf cWg;g[fs; ehd;fis vGJf.
mk;khid, Cry;, J]J tz;L Fwk;, kwk;.
ee;jpf; fyk;gfk; ahh;kPJ ghlg; bgw;wJ?
ee;jpth; kd;; kPJg; ghlg;bgw;wJ.
MH;thh;fs; ghoa ghly;fspd; bjhFg;gpd; bgah; vd;d?
ehyhapuj; jpt;tpag;gpuge;jkhFk;.
ghujpjhrd; jpUts;Stiu vt;thW g[fHe;Js;shh;?
ts;Stidg; bgw;wjhy; bgw;wBj g[fH; itafBk vd;W ghujpjhrd; jpUts;Stiug;
g[fH;e;Js;shh;.
nuz;L kjpg;bgz; tpdh (ciueil)

23.

24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

jkpH;bkhHp Fwpj;J Kidth;; vkpBdh TWtJ ahJ?

kdpj czh;t[fis (vz;zpa vz;zpa go vz;zpahA;F) czh;j;jty;y bkhHp jkpH; bkhHp
vd bkhHpapay; Bkij Kidth;; vkpBdh TWfpwhh;.
jkpH; bkhHpapd; jdpj; jd;ikfis vGJf?

nay;, nir, ehlfk; vDk; Kg;bgUk; gphpt[fisf; bfhz;lJ.

mfk;, g[wk; vd;W thH;tpaYf;F nyf;fzk; tFj;jJ

gHika[k; bgUika[k; tha;e;jJ

nwthj nyf;fpa, nyf;fz tsA;fisf; bfhz;lJ
xU bkhHp epiyg; bgw;W epw;gjw;Fhpa jFjpg;ghLfs; ahit?

Bgr;R bkhHpahf

vGj;J bkhHpahf

Ml;rp bkhHpahf

ePjpkd;w bkhHpahf

gapw;W bkhHpahf

nyf;fpa tskpf;fjhf

fhyj;jpw;Bfw;g g[Jik bgw;wjhf nUg;gBj jFjpghLfs; MFk;
bkhHp khw;wk; vd;why; vd;d?
xU bkhHpg;glj;ij kw;w bkhHpfspy; khw;wp mikf;Fk; Kiwf;F bkhHp khw;wk; vd;W
bgah;.
fy;tpg; glA;fspd; thapyhf ehk; mwptd ahit?

gy;tif tpyA;Ffspd; thH;f;if

gd;dhl;L kf;fspd; thH;f;if
bfhLA;
bfhLA;flyhy; bfhs;sg;gl;l gFjpfs; ahit?
ahit?

Fkhpkiy

g|Wsp MW.
Vw;Wkjp, nwf;Fkjp Fwpj;Jf; TWk; E]y;fs; ahit?

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8.

9.

10.

11.
11.

12.
12.

13.
13.

14.
14.
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17.
17.
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19.
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20.
20.

gl;odg; ghit

kJiuf; fhq;rp
qhyk; - bgah;f;fhuzk; TWf.

qhyk; vd;Dk; jkpH;r;brhy; qhy; vd;Dk; brhy;yoahfj; Bjhd;wpaJ.

qhy; vd;gjw;Fj; bjhA;Fjy; vd;gJ bghUs;

vt;tpj gw;Wf; BfhLkpd;wp mz;lbts;papy; cyfk; bjhA;fpf; bfhz;oUf;fpwJ vd;gBj
qhyk; vd;gjd; bghUshFk;.
Beha; tUtjw;fhd fhuzk; gw;wp jpUts;Sth; TWtJ vd;d?

clypy; thjk;, gpj;jk;, rPjk; Mfpa K}d;Wk; rkepiyapy; nUf;f Btz;Lk;.

mr;rkepiy jtWk; BghJ Beha; kpFk; vd jpUts;Sth; TWfpwhh;.
kUe;jpy;yh kUj;Jtk; gw;wpj; jpUts;Sth; TWtbjd;d?

ehk; Kd;g[ cz;l czt[ ed;F brhpj;jpUf;fpwjh vd;W czh;e;jwpa Btz;Lk;.

gpd;dh; grpia czh;e;J, mst[ld; czit cz;z Btz;Lk;.
fhe;jpaofisf; fth;e;j F$uhj; ghlypd; fUj;J ahJ?

jhfj;jpw;F ePh;jUjy;

jPik bra;jtUf;Fk; ed;ik bra;jy;.
nBaRtpd; kiyg; bghHpt[ E]iyg; goj;Jf; fhe;jpaofs; vij czh;e;jhh;?

jPatid vjph;f;fhBj, mtdplKs;s jPikia vjph;j;J epy;!

giftdplj;Jk; md;g[ ghuhl;L
fhe;jpaofspd; mwtHpg; Bghuhl;lj;jpy; cUthd naf;fA;fs; ahit?

fjh; naf;fk;

kJtpyf;F

jPz;lhik xHpg;g[
fhe;jpaofs; vjidg; ghtk; vd;whh;?

gfl;lhd thHf;ifiaBa ghtk;
vtw;iw mwbewpahfg; Bghw;w Btz;Lk; ?

Nif, vspik, nd;brhy;, rpf;fdk;.
ne;jpahtpd; thH;t[ Fwpj;Jf; fhe;jpaofs; TWtJ ahJ/
ne;jpahtpd; thH;t[ vd;gJ nyl;rf; fzf;fhd fpuhkA;fspd; thH;t[ jhd; me;jf;
fpuhkA;fspd; thH;t[, me;j ehl;od; cHth;fs; kw;Wk; nisqh;fs; iffspy; jhd; cs;sJ
vd;whh;.
ts;syhhpd; KHf;fk; ahJ?

mUl;bgUq;Brhjp jdpg;bgUA;fUiz
rj;jpa jUkrhiyapy; ts;syhh; bra;j bjhz;L ahJ?
rhjp, kj BtWghL nd;wpg; grpj;Bjhh;f;F vy;yhk; cztpl;lhh;. ts;syhh; Vw;wp itj;j
mLg;gpd; fdy;, nd;Wk; gy;Byhh; grpg;gpzpiag; Bghf;fp tUfpd;wJ.
jw;BghJ tsh;e;JtUk; nuz;L bjhHpy; El;gj; Jiwfs; ahit?

caphp bjhHpy; El;gj; Jiw

Ez;zpay; bjhHpy; El;gj; Jiw
nsA;fiyg; gog;g[fs; ehd;F vGJf?

gp.ypl;., gp.V., gp.v!;.rp., gp.fhk;.,
ehd;F kjpg;bgz; rpW tpdhf;
hf;fs; (bra;a[s;)

1. rpyg;gjpfhuk; fhl;Lk; BrhHehl;L kd;dh;fspd; rpwg;g[fs; ahit?

g[whtpd; Jd;gj;ijg; Bghf;f jd; jiriaBa mhpe;J bfhLj;jtd; rpgp vd;w
kd;dd;.

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muz;kidapd; kzpBahirf; Bfl;Lg; gRtpd; Jaiu mwpe;J jd; XBu! kfid
Bjh;r;rf;fuj;jpypl;Lf; bfhd;W ePjptHA;fpa kDePjpr; BrhHd; vd;Dk; kd;dd;.

nj;jifa bgUk;g[fH; bgw;w kd;dh;fs; thH;e;j g[fhh; efuBk ehd; gpwe;j Ch;
MFk;.
fz;zfpf;Fg; ghz;oad; beLq;brHpad; Twpa kWbkhHp ahJ?

fs;tidf; bfhiy bra;jy; bfhLA;Bfhy; md;W, mJBt murePjp vd;whd;
ghz;oa kd;dd;.

mwbewp jtwpa murBd! vd; fhy;rpyk;g[ khzpf;fg; guy;fisf; bfhz;lJ
vd;whs; fz;zfp.

eP TwpaJ ey;yBj! vd;Dila rpyk;g[ Kj;Jg; guy;fisf; bfhz;lJ vd;whd;
ghz;oa kd;dd;.
fk;guhkhazk; rpW Fwpg;g[ vGJf:

nuhkdJ tuyhw;iwf; TWk; E]y; nuhkhazk; vdg;gl;lJ.


thd;kfp tlbkhHpapy; vGjpaijj; jGtpf; fk;gh; jkpHpy; naw;wpdhh;.


fk;gu; jhk; naw;wpa E]Yf;F nuhkhtjhuk; vdg; bgahpl;lhh;.
nJ fhyg;
Bghf;fpy; fk;guhkhazk; vdg;gl;lJ.


fk;guhkhazk; ghy fhz;lk;, Kjy; a[j;j fhz;lk; tiu vd MW
fhz;lA;fis cilaJ.


fhg;gpaj;jpw;Fhpa nyf;fzA;fis KGikahfg; bgw;Ws;sJ.


gj;jhapuk;
ghly;fisf;
bfhz;l
ne;E]y;
jkpHf;
ftpijf;Fk;
jkpH;g;
gz;ghl;ow;Fk; rhd;whfj; jpfH;fpwJ.
rPij nyf;Ftd; MfpBahplk; Ffidg; gw;wp nuhkd; Twpabjd;d?


ntd; ek;kplj;J ePA;fhj md;g[ cilatd;


vy;yhtw;wpDk; ndpa ez;gd;


vd; caph; Bghd;wtd;


ntd; vk;BkhL nUf;fl;Lk; vd;W rPij nyf;Ftd; MfpBahhplk; Ffidg; gw;wp
nuhkd; Twpdhd;.
rhd;Bwhh; el;g[f;F ctikahff;
ctikahff; Twg;gLtd ahit?


bghd;, Kj;J, gtsk;, kzp Mfpad rhd;Bwhh; el;g[f;F TwgLk; ctikfshFk;.


btt;BtW nlA;fspy; nit Bjhd;wpdhYk; mHfpa khiyfshfj; bjhLf;Fk;
BghJ njd; kjpg;g[ caUk;.


mJBghy Bfhg;bgUe;BrhHDk; gprpuhe;ijahUk rhd;Bwhh;fs; gf;fBk nUg;gh;.


rhd;whz;ik ny;yhjth;fs; jPath; gf;fk; Brh;th;.
g[ypapd; bfhLq;bray;fs; gw;wp ckWg; g[yth; TWtd ahit?


g[ypahdJ rpA;ff; Tl;lA;fisj; jtpu kw;w tpyA;Ffisf; bfhd;W jpd;Dk;.


bghpa gid Bghd;w Jk;gpf;if cila ahidfspd; khh;gpidf; fPwp FUjpapidf;
Foj;J cwA;fhky; epw;Fk;.


noBahirf; fhl;oYk; mjpfkhf KHA;Fk;;.


mt;Bthir bghpa kiyfSk; mjpUk; goahf nUf;Fk;.
egpfs; ehafj;ijf; fz;l g[ypapd; epiyia vGJf.

Th;ikahd efj;ija[k; jpz;zpa typika[k; cila g[yp jd; thiy tisj;jJ.

jd; cly; eLf;fKw;W bky;y bky;y ele;J te;jJ.

Fsph;r;rp bghUe;jpa egpfs; ehaj;jpd; jpUKfj;ijf; fz;L, jpUtofisg; gzpe;J
tzA;fpaJ.
rhjidg; g{f;fs; vd;W vtw;iw nse;jpiuahh; Rl;Lfpwhh;?

brofs; g{g;gjw;F Kd; Xa;t[ vLg;gjpy;iy.

broapd; btw;wp g{tpy; cs;sJ

mJBghy ek;Kila btw;wp ciHg;gpy; cs;sJ.

2.

3.

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5.

6.

7.

8.

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ek;Kila btw;wpfshy; Jd;gA;fs; XotpLk;.
njidBa rhjidg; g{f;fs; d;W
nse;jpiuapd; Fwpg;gpLfpwhh;.
ehd;F kjpg;bgz; rpW tpdhf;
hf;fs; (ciueil)
1. bgz;fy;tp Fwpj;Jg; bghpahh; TWk; fUj;Jfs; ahit?

bgz;fs; kdpjh;fshf khw Kjypy; mLg;giwia tpl;L btspBawp ehl;L
elg;g[fis mwpa Btz;Lk;

bgz;fy;tp chpik kl;Lky;y rK}f khw;wj;jpd; Bjit vd;gij czu Btz;Lk;

bgz;fs; fy;tp fw;why; jhd; rK}f khw;wk; Vw;gLk; vd;gjid ek;g Btz;Lk;

bgz;fs; cyfg; gog;g[k; Muha;r;rpg; gog;g[k; bgw Btz;Lk;

gFj;jwptw;wth;fsha; nuhky; bgz;fSf;fhd nHpepiy XHpf;fg;gl Btz;Lk;
vd;whh; bghpahh;.
2. bgz;Zhpikia tpsf;Ff?

MZf;F bgz; nisg;gpy;iy

MZk; bgz;Zk; rhpepfh; rkhdk;

bgz;fs; mofsha; nuhkd; rKjhaj;jpw;F bjhz;lhw;Wgth;fshfj; jpfH
Btz;Lk;

bgz;fs; brhj;Jhpik bgw Bghuhl Btz;Lk;

bgz;fs; g[j;JyF gilf;f Btz;Lk;
3. kzf;bfhil Fwpj;Jg; bghpahh; TWtd ahit?

jkpHhplk; gutpa[s;s bgUBeha; kzf;;bfhil

jdJ kfdpd; fy;tpf;Fk; gzk; brytHpf;Fk; bgw;Bwhh; mt;KjyPl;il tUk;
kidtpaplk; kzf;bfhilahfg; bgw;wtplj; Jof;fpwhh;fs;

md;g[, jpahfk;, xGf;fk; Bghd;w czh;r;rpfs; Vw;gl;lhy; nj;jPikia xHpf;f
Koa[k; vd;W bghpahh; TWfpwhh;.
4. fy;tp tsh;r;rpf;F mk;Bgj;fh; Mw;wpa gzp ahJ?

mwpahik jhd; midj;jpw;Fk; K}y fhuzk; vd;gij mwpe;j mk;Bgj;fh; 1946
ny; Kk;igapy; kf;fs; fy;tpf; fHfj;ij epWtdhh;.

Kk;igapy; mk;Bgj;fh; rpj;jhh;j;jh cah;fy;tp epiyaj;ij cUthf;fpdhh;

FHe;ijj; bjhHpyhsh;fs; XHpg;g[r; rl;lj;ijf; bfhz;L tUtjw;F K}yfhuzkhf
nUe;J fy;tp tsh;r;rpf;Fg; ghLgl;lhh;.
5. Bgr;rpd; bjhlf;fk; vt;thW mikjy; Btz;Lk;?

Bgr;rpd; bjhlf;fk; ed;whf nUf;f Btz;Lk;.

mitapy; nUg;Bghiu tpspj;Jr; RUf;fkhd Kd;Diua[ld; Bgr;irj; bjhlA;f
Btz;Lk;

jA;Fj;jilapd;wpg; BgRk; bjhlf;fBk moj;jskhFk;.

Bfl;Bghiuj; jd;tag;gLj;Jk; Kiwapy; bjhlA;f Btz;Lk;

mitBahhpd; cs;sA;fis ftUtjhf nUf;f Btz;Lk;

nlj;jpw;Fk; R{HYf;Fk; Vw;g bjhlf;ft[iu mikjy; ed;W
6. Bgr;rpid Kof;Fk; Kiwfs; rpytw;iw vGJf? RUf;fkhd tpsf;fk;

Bgr;rhsh; Bgr;rpd; RUf;fj;ijf; Twp Kof;f Btz;Lk;

Bfl;Bghh; kdjpy; gjpa[khW RUf;fp Kof;f Btz;Lk;

czh;r;rpiaj; J]z;o Koj;jy; Btz;Lk;

jdpr;rpwg;g[k; bgUika[k; mika[k; tifapy;

ghuhl;o Koj;jy; eyk;

bghUj;jkhd ftpij Twp Kof;f Btz;Lk;
7. gz;ilj; jkpHhpd;
hpd; fly; thzpfk; Fwpj;J bjhFj;Jiuf;f?

gz;ilj; jkpHh;fs; fg;gy; K}ykhf gf;fj;J ehLfSld; thzpfk; bra;J te;jdh;

fpHf;fpe;jpaj; jPt[fisr rhh;e;j ehLfSld;

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bghd;Dk; kzpa[k; Kj;Jk; JfpYk; bfhz;L fly; thzpfk; bra;jdh;
fp.K. gj;jhk; E]w;whz;oy; rhykd; murDf;F kapy; Bjhifa[k; ahidj;
je;jKk;, fp.K. Ie;jhk; E]w;whz;Lf;F Kd; ghgpByhdpaht[f;Fk; mhprpa[k;, kapYk;,
re;jdk;, jkpHfj;jpy; nUe;J mDg;gg;gl;ld.

rPdhtpypUe;J rh;f;fiua[k;, gl;Lk; nwf;Fkjpahapd.
8. cHt[j; bjhHpy; Fwpj;J vGJf?

gHe;jkpHfj;jpy; cGgtBu cah;e;Bjhuhf kjpf;fg;gl;ldh;

cGJz;L thH;thBu thH;thh; vd;fpwJ Fws;

jkpH;u;, cGJ gaph; bra;J cyiff; fhg;gtuhfg; Bghw;wpdh;

cz;o bfhLj;Bjhh; caph; bfhLj;BjhBu vDk; kzpBkfiy mwk; nd;Wk;
jkpHuhy; Bghw;wg;gLfpwJ

cHt[f;Fr;
rpwg;g[g;
bgw;w
kUjepyk;
taYk;
tay;
rhh;e;j
nlkhf
tifg;gLj;jg;gl;L nUe;jJ

kUjepyj;jpd; bgUik fUjpBa Bte;jid Kjd;ikg;gLj;jpdh; jkpHh;.
9. fhe;jpaofisf; fth;e;j ehlfk; vJ? tpsf;Ff?
mhpr;re;jpu ehlfk; :
mhpr;re;jpu ehlfBk fhe;jpaofisf; fth;e;j ehlfk;

thH;tpy; bgha;Bah Bgrhj kd;dd; mhpr;re;jpud; mtid vg;goahtJ bgha;
Bgritj;J tpLBtd; vd gy;BtW nd;dy;fisj; je;jhh; tprthkpj;jpu Kdpth;

mhpr;re;jpud; ehL, kidtp, kfd; midj;ija[k; nHe;J, RLfhl;oy; btl;oahdhfg;
gzp bra;fpd;whd;.

me;epiyapYk; xU bgha; brhy; nHe;j mur thH;itj; jUfpBwd; vd;fpwhd;
Kdptd;

cile;j xL, fz;zhoj; Jz;L, clk;gpd; Bjhy; Mfpad Tl gad;gLk; Mdhy;
new;j gpd; cly;Tl gadw;wJ vd;W Twp caph; tpl;lhh; mhpr;re;jpud;

nf;fijBa fhe;jpaofisf; fte;jjhFk;

10. kdpjBeak; Fwpj;Jf; fhe;jpaofs; TWtJ ahJ?

kdpjuhf, kdpjUf;fhf thH;e;J kfhj;khthf cah;e;jth; fhe;jpaofs;

vd;idg; bghUj;jtiu BjrhgpkhdKk; kdpjhgpkhdKk; Kd;Wjhd; ehd; xU
Bjrgf;jd; mjw;F mog;gilf; fhuzk; ehd; kdpjdhf nUg;gJk; mjw;FBky;
kdpjhgpkhdpahf nUg;gjhYBk ehd; Bjrgf;jd; vd;whh; fhe;jpaofs;

xUtd; bkhHpahYk; ehl;lhYk; czh;j;jg;gLtijf; fhl;oYk; kdpjj; jd;ikapy;
gpwUf;F czh;j;jg; bgWtBj rpwg;g[

ehk; ve;j bkhHpapduhft[k; ve;j ehl;oduhft[k; nUg;gBj bgUikf;FhpaJ vd;W
vz;z Btz;Lk;
11. nd;dh bra;ahik Fwpj;Jf; fhe;jpaofs; TwpaJ ahJ
rpiwapd; milg;g[
bjd;
Mg;gphpf;fhtpy;
ne;jpaUf;F
vjpuhd
fWg;g[r
rl;lA;fisf;
fhe;jpaofs;
bfhSj;jpajhy; !;kl;!; vd;Wk; MSeuhy; rpiwapy; milf;fg;gl;lhh;.
brUg;g[ md;gspg;g[
rpiwapy; fhe;jpaofs; brUg;g[j; ijj;jhh;.
mjid rpiwapypUe;J tpLjiyahdJk;
jd;idr; rpiwapy; milj;j !;kl;!;Rf;F md;gspg;ghf tHA;fpdhh;.
nd;dh bra;jhh;f;Fk;
ndpa bra;a Btz;Lk; vd;w mfpk;ir bfhs;ifia MSeUf;F czh;j;jpdhh; mz;zy;
fhe;jpaofs;.
ghly; thp tpdh tpilfs;
1.

jpj;jpf;Fe; bjs;sKjha;j; bjs;sKjpd; Bkyhd

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Kj;jpf; fdpBa Kj;jkpBH g[j;jpf;Fs;
cz;zg; gLe;BjBd cd;Bdh Le;Jiuf;Fk;
tpz;zg;gk; cz;L tpsk;gf;Bfs;.
tpdh : 1. ng;ghly; nlk;bgw;Ws;s E]y; vJ?
ng;ghly; nlk;bgw;Ws;s E]y; : jkpH;tpL J]J.
2. Kj;jkpH; nj;bjhifr; brhy;iy tphpj;bjGJf.
Kj;jkpH; - nay;, nir, ehlfk;
3. ng;ghlypy; nlk;bgw;Ws;s movJiffis vLj;bjGJf?
jpj;jpf;Fe;
cz;zg;
Kj;jp
tpz;zg;gk;
4. cte;Jiuf;Fk; - gphpj;bjGJf?
cte;Jiuf;Fk; = cte;J + ciuf;Fk;.
5. tpsk;gf;Bfs; - bghUs; TWf.
tpsk;gf;Bfs; - tpz;zg;gk; xd;iwf; Bfl;ghahf!
hahf
2. mhpah rdKdf;Bf ahdhy; cdf;Fr;
rhpahUk; cz;Blh jkpBH tphpthh;
jpfH;gh xUehd;Fq; bra;a[s;tuk; ghfg;
g[fH;gh tpdA;fs;gilg; Bghf;fh.
1.
2.
3.

4.

5.

ng;ghly; nlk;bgw;Ws;s E]y; vJ?

ne;E]y; nlk;bgw;Ws;s E]y;: jkpH;tpL J]J.
mhpahrdk; - gphpj;J vGJf.
mhpahrdk; = mhp + Mrdk;.
ng;ghlypy; nlk;bgw;Ws;s mo vJfis vLj;bjGJf?
mhpahrdk;
jpfH;gh
mhpahrdk;
rhpahUk;
g[fH;gh
jkpH; taypd; tug;g[fshff; Twg;gLk; ghf;fs; vit?
btz;gh, Mrphpag;gh, fypg;gh, tq;rpg;gh Mfpa ehy;tifg; ghf;fBs jkpH;taypd;
tug;g[fs; MFk;.
jkpH; taypd; kilfs; vit?
jhHpir, Jiw, tpUj;jk; Kjypa ghtpdA;
ghtpdA;fs; jkpH; taypd; kilfs; MFk;.

ciueil tpdhtpilfs; : 1. jkpH; bkhHpapy; mwptpay; rpe;jidfs;

clk;
clk;ghh; mHpapd; capuhh; mHpth; vd;ghh; jpUK}yh;. cliy Xk;gBtz;oajd;
nd;wpaikahikiaj; jkpHh; mwpe;jpUe;jdh;
dh.
jpUts;Sth;,kUe;J vd;Dk; Xh; mjpfhuj;ijBa gilj;Js;shh;. cly; cWjpaha;
nUg;gjw;F thjk;, gpj;jk;, rPjk; nk;K}d;wpd; rkepiyBa fhuzkhFk;. mtw;wpd; rkepiy jtWk;
BghJ Beha; kpFk;. mtw;iwr; rkg;gLj;j naw;if jUk; fha;fdpfspy; nUe;Bj kUe;J fz;L
cz;ldh;.
kUe;jhfpj; jg;gh kuj;jhw;why; vd;Dk; jpUf;Fwd; thp, jkpH; kUj;Jtj;jpd;
bjhd;ikia vLj;jpak;g[k;. gjpbdz;rpj;jh;fs; tsh;j;j kUj;Jtk; rpj;j kUj;Jtkhapw;W.
1. cly;, capiug;gw;wpa jpUK}yhpd; ghly; thp ahJ?
clk;ghh; mHpapd; capuhh; mHpth;.
2. kUe;J vd;Dk; Xh; mjpfhuj;ijj; jk; E]ypy; gilj;jth; ahh;?
jpUts;Sth;
3. vt;btt;tw;wpd; rkepiy jtWk;BghJ Beha;kpfk;?

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thjk;, gpj;jk;, rPjk;
4. jkpH; kUj;Jtj;jpd; bjhd;ikia vLj;jpak;g[k; jpUf;Fws; thp ahJ?
kUe;jhfpj; jg;gh kuj;jhw;wy;.
5. gjpbdz;rpj;jh;fs; tsh;j;j kUj;Jtk; vJ?
rpj;j kUj;Jtk;.
2.jp
2.jpUtUl; gpufhr
gpufhr ts;syhh;
rA;f fhyj;jpy; xU Ky;iyf;bfhoapd; Jah; ePf;f, ghhpts;sy; jd; BjiuBa Ne;jhh;.
gy
E]w;whz;Lfs;
fHpj;Jg;
ghhp
ts;siyg;Bghy
ts;syhh;.
thoa
gapiuf;
fz;lBghbjy;yhk; thoBdd; vd;W gaph; thlj; jhk; thodhh;.
tPL BjhWk; nue;Jk;
grpawhJ
mah;e;jtiua[k;,
nisj;Bjhiua[k;
fz;L
tUj;jj;jhy;
caph;
nisj;jhh;
ts;sw;bgUkhd;.
nt;tUj;jk; ePA;fBt, tlY]hpy; rj;jpa jUkr;rhiyia epWtpr; rhjp, kj
BtWghod;wpg; grpj;Bjhh;f;bfy;yhk; cztpl;lhh;.
mA;F, mth;Vw;wp itj;j mLg;gpd; fdy;,
nd;Wk; gy;Byhh; grpg;gpzpiag; Bghf;fp tUfpd;wJ.
1. Ky;iyf;bfho gw;wtjw;Fj; Bjiuj; je;j ts;sy; ahh;?
ghhp ts;sy;.
2. ts;syhhpd; gaph;Beak; Fwpj;j ghly;thp ahJ?
thoa gapiuf; fz;lBghbjy;yhk; thoBdd;.
3. tUj;jj;jhy; caph; nisj;jth; ahh;?
ts;syhh;.
4. ts;syhh; epWtpa mikg;gpd; bgah; vd;d?
rj;jpa jUkr;rhiy (tlY]h;)
5. ts;syhh; ahUf;bfy;yhk; cztpl;lhh;?
rhjp, kj BtWghod;wpg; grpj;Bjhh;f;bfy;yhk; cztpl;lhh;.
**** Fwpg;g[ : - bra;a[s;, ciueil gFjpfspy; TLjy; gapw;rp bra;f.

8 kjpg;bgz; tpdh tpil (bra;a[s;)

1. xGf;fKilikgw;wp ts;Sth; TWk;
TWk; fUj;Jfisj; bjhFj;J vGJf.
XGf;fKilik :  xGf;fk; vy;ByhUf;Fk; rpwg;igf; bfhLf;Fk; vdBt, xGf;fj;ij caphpDk; Bkyha;f;
fhf;f Btz;Lk;.
 xGf;fk; cilath; cah; Fog;gpwe;jtuhft[k; XGf;fk; jtwpath; jhH;e;j Foapy;
gpwe;jtuhft[k; fUjg;gLth;.
 xUth; fw;w Btjj;jpid kwe;Jtpl;lhy; mjid kPz;Lk; fw;Wf;bfhs;s naYk;.
Mdhy; xGf;fk; jtwpdhy; kPz;Lk; xGf;fk; jtwpdhy; kPz;Lk; xGf;fKilath;
vdg;Bghw;wg;gLtJ kpff;fodk;.
 fw;w fy;tpapDk; xGf;fBk BkyhdJ.
 xGf;fk; bfl;ltdplj;jpy; bgUik epw;fhJ.
 kdtypikt[ilath; xGf;fj;jpdpd;Wk; rpwpJk; jsh;r;rp milahh;.
 ey;byhGf;fj;jhBy vy;ByhUk; cah;t[ milth;. xGf;fk; jtwpath; bgUk;gHpia
milth;.

2. fhykwpjiy ts;Sth; tHpepd;W tpsf;Ff:f:fhykwpjy;  jd;dpYk; typa Bfhl;lhidf; fhf;if gfypy; btd;WtpLk;. mJ Bghyj; jd;dpYk;
typa giftiuf; fhykwpe;J bty;Yjy; Btz;Lk;.
 fhyk; mwpe;J bray;gl;lhy; bry;tk; ek;iktpl;L ePA;fhky; epiyj;J epw;Fk;.
 xUth; jf;f fhyKk; nlKk; mwpe;J bray;glBtz;Lk;. mt;thW bra;jhy;, mth;
nt;t[yfj;ijBa Msf; fUjpdhYk; mJ ifTLk;.
 Cf;fKilath; jf;f fhyj;jpid vjph;ghh;j;jpUg;gh;. mJ Ml;Lf; flh jd; gifiaj;
jhf;Ftjw;Fg; gpd;thA;FtJ Bghd;wjhFk;.

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mwpt[ilBahh; jk; giftiu bty;tjw;F Vw;w fhyk; tUk;tiu mtiu bfsutpg;gh;.
Vw;w fhyk; tha;j;jK; mtiu mHpg;gh;.
Vw;w fhyk; tUk;BghJ mg;BghBj mhpa bray;fisr; bra;J Koj;jpl Btz;Lk;.
bfhf;F niuia vjph;ghh;j;J fhj;jpUe;J, jf;f niuapidf; fz;lt[ld; tpiue;J
bray;gLk;. mJ Bghy jf;f fhyk; tha;f;Fk; BghJ tpiue;J bray;gl;Lr; braiy
Kof;f Btz;Lk;.
3. FfDf;Fk; nuhkDf;Fk; eilbgw;w ciuahliyj; bjhFj;bjGJf.





4.

 jk;ikf; fhz te;j Ffid Behf;fp nuhkgpuhd;, nA;F mkh;f vdf; Twpdhh;.
 Ffd; Bjida[k; kPida[k; cz;gjw;F Vw;w tifapy; gf;Ftk; bra;J bfhz;L
te;Es;sjhf Twpdhd;.
 cs;sj;jpy; cs;s md;g[dh;r;rp g[yg;gLk;go bfhz;Lte;j bghUs;fs; vspadthapDk;
BjthKjj;ijf;
fhl;oYk;
rpwe;jdthk;.
nit
jhH;e;jdthapDk;
md;g[
fye;jdthjyhy; J]adBt, vk; Bghd;wth; Vw;Wf; bfhs;Sjw;F chpadBt.
ehk;
Vw;Wf; bfhz;lBj cz;ljw;Fr; rkkhFk; vd nuhkh; gjpYiuj;jhh;.
 BkYk; Ffid brd;W tpoaw;fhiy glFld; te;J BrUk;gof; Twpdhh;.
 Mdhy; Ffd; jhDk; nuhkgpuhDld; jA;fp gzptpil bra;a tpUk;g[tjhff;
Twpdhd;.
 nuhkgpuhd; mtid mDkjpj;jhh;
 kWehs; fhiy glif tpiue;J brYj;jp kWfiuia mile;jt[ld; Ffd; jhDk; cld;
tUtjhff; Twpdhd;.
 nJtiu cld;gpwe;jth;fshf nUe;j ehy;th; ndp cd;BdhL Brh;j;J Ith; MBdhk;
vd nuhkh; Twpdhh;.
bghpahiuj;Jizahff; bfhs;tJ Fwpj;J ts;Sth; TWk; fUj;Jf;
f;fisj; bjhFj;J vGJf.
bghpahiuj; Jizahff; bfhs;sy; :  jk;kpDk; mwptpy; rpwe;j bghpBahiu cwtpduha;f; bfhz;L mth; tHpapy; elj;jy;
Btz;Lk;.
 mJ typikfspy; vy;yhk; rpwe;j typik MFk;.
 mwptpw; rpwe;j bghpBahiur; rhh;e;J elg;gth;fs; ty;yth;fs;.
 mth;fSf;F gifth; bra;af;Toa jPA;F vJt[k; ny;iy.
 foe;J mwpt[iu TWk; bghpBahiuj; jkf;Fj; Jizaha;f; bfhs;s Btz;Lk;.
 mg;gof; bfhs;shjth; jdf;F giftBu ny;iy vdpDk; bfLth;.
 ey;yth; xUth; bjhlh;gpidf; iftpLjy;, gyhpd; gifikiaj; Bjof;bfhs;tijf;
fhl;oYk; gj;J klA;F jPikia Bjof; bfhs;tjw;Fr; rkk; MFk;.
 vdBt, bghpahiuj; Jiz bfhs;sy; mtrpak;.

8 kjpg;bgz; tpdh tpil (ciueil)

(ciueil)
1. jkpHd; mwptpaypd; Kd;Bdho vd;gjid tpsf;Ff:f: cyfk jd;ida[k; qhapw;iwa[k; Rw;wp tUfpwJ vd;gij bjhpe;jpUe;jjhy; Rw;Wjy;
vd;w bghUSila cyt[ vd;Dk; brhy;ypypUe;J cyfk; vd;W bgahpl;ldh;.
 cyfk; ve;jtpjg; gw;Wf; BfhLkpd;wp mz;l btspapy; bjhA;fpf;bfhz;oUg;gjhy;
bjhA;Fjy; vd;w bghUSila qhy; brhy;ypypUe;J qhyk; vd;W bgahpl;ldh;.
 Itif kzpfSk; xsptpLk; jpwj;jpdhy; btt;BtW bgah;fisf; bfhz;Ls;sd.
Mdhy;
mtw;wpd;
K}yg;bghUs;
xd;Bw
vd;gij
rpyg;gjpfhuj;jpypUe;J
mwpfpBwhk;.
 Xh; mZtpidr; rjTwpl;l BfhzpDk; csd; vdf; fk;gupd; thpfspypUe;J
mZr;Brh;g;g[, mZg;gphpg;g[ gw;wpa fUj;Jf;fis mwpfpBwhk;.
 kUe;jhfpj;
jg;gh
kuj;jw;why;
vd;Dk;
jpUf;Fws;
thpfspypUe;J,
jkpH;
kUj;Jtj;jpd; bjhd;ikia mwpfpBwhk;

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 gjpbdz;rpj;jh;fshy; tsh;j;j kUj;Jtk; rpj;j kUj;Jtkhapw;W.
 g[yy
; hfpg; g{lha; vd;w jpUthrf mwptpypUe;J gy;tif caph;fspdl ghpzhk
tsh;r;rp mwpt[ gw;wp mwpfpBwhk;
 khDlg; gpwg;gpDs; khjh cjuj;J Ndkpy; fpUkp brUtpdpy; gpiHj;Jk; vd;w
jpUthrf thpfspypUe;J fUtpay; mwpt[ gw;wp mwpfpBwhk;.
2.

jkpHh; nirf;fiy Fwpj;Jj; bjhFj;bjGJf.

jkpHh; nirf;fiy :  gz;fs;, nirf;fUtpfs;, nirf;fiyqh;fs;, nirg;ghly;fs; vd nir gw;wpa
Vuhskhd Fwpg;g[fs; nyf;fpaA;fspy; cs;sd.
 bjhy;fhg;gpaKk;,
rA;f
nyf;fpaKk;,
rpyg;gjpfhuKk;
nir
kug[fis
btspg;gLj;Jfpd;wd.
 euk;gpd; kiw vd bjhy; fhg;gpah; ciug;gjd; K}yk; nir nyf;fzE]y;
cz;bld czuKofpwJ.
 ghzd;, ghodp, Tj;jd;, tpwyp vd;W naypir ehlff; fiyqh;fs; nUe;jdh;
 jkpHh; thH;tpy; gpwg;gpypUe;J nwg;g[tiu jhyhl;L, xg;ghhp Mfpatw;why; nir
Kjd;ik bgWfpwJ.
 jkpHh;, Itif epyj;jpw;Fk; Ie;jpidf;Fk; Vw;w gz;zpir tFj;jdh;
 Bjhw;fUtp,
Jisf;fUtp,
euk;g[f;fUtp
vdg;
gy;BtW
nirf;fUtpfisg;
gad;gLj;jpdh;
 FHy;,
ahH;
Bghd;w
nirf;fUtpfis
gad;gLj;jpaij
jpUf;Fws;
K}yk;
mwpfpBwhk;.

3.

fhe;jpaofs; gpd;gw;wpa bfhs;isfisj; bjhFj;J vGJf.

fhe;jpaofs; gpd;gw;wpa bfhs;iffs;:  md;g[, cz;ik, cWjp, nd;dh bra;ahik Mfpa cah; gz;g[fs; mtUf;F
nsk;gUtj;jpByBa nay;gha; mike;jd.
 mupr;re;jpud; ehlfj;ijg; ghh;j; fhe;jp jhKk; rj;jpathdha; nUf;f Btz;Lk; vd;W
cWjpbfhz;lhh;.
 mwtHpapy; cupikg; Bghuhl;lk; elj;jpdhh;
 cz;ik BgRjy;, giftdplk; md;g[ ghuhl;Ljy;, Behf;fKk; mtw;iw mila[k;
tHpfSk; J]a;ikahditaha; gpwUf;Fj; Jd;gk; jhuhjdtha; nUj;jy;, vspikaha;
nUj;jy; Mfpatw;iw mwbewpfsha;g; Bghw;w Btz;Lk; vd;W fhe;jpaofs;
Twpdhh;.
 vd;idg; bghWj;jti BjrhgpkhdK; kdpjhgpkhdk; xd;Wjhd;.
ehd; xU
Bjrgf;jd;. mjw;F mog;gilf; fhuzk; ehd; kdpjdha; nUg;gJk;, mjw;FBky;
kdpjhgpkhdpaha; nUg;gJk;jhd; vd;W fhe;jpaofs; Twpdhh;.
 fpuhkA;fspd; thH;t[ me;j ehl;od; cHth;fs;, nisqh;fs; MfpBahh; iffspy;
jhd; cs;sJ vd fhe;jpaofs; Twpdhh;.
 bfhs;if ny;yhj murpay;, ciHg;gpy;yh Cjpak;, ehzak; ny;yhj nd;gk;,
kdpj Beak; ny;yhj mwptpay;, epahakpy;yhj tHpghL Mfpatw;why; gadpy;iy
vd;W fhe;jpaofs; Twpdhh;.
 ne;jpahtpy; Bfhof;fzf;fhd kf;fs; cz;z czt[k; cLf;f cila[k; nd;wp
thH;fpd;wdh;.
me;epiyapy;
kd;dh;fSk;
bry;th;fSk;
tpiy
kjpg;g[s;s
mzpfyd;fis mzpe;J bfhz;L gfl;lhf thH;tJ ghtk; vd;W fhe;jpaofs;
Twpdhh;.
4. ts;syhh; mUspa ghly;fs; gw;wpa[k; jkpH;g;gw;Wf; Fwpj;Jk; tpsf;fp vGJf?
ts;syhh; mUspa ghly;fs; :  brd;id fe;jf;Bfhl;lk; niwtidg; ghoaJ bja;t kzpkhiy.

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 brd;id jpUbthw;wpa{h; rptbgUkhidg; ghoaJ vGj;jwpt[k; bgUkhd; khiy.
 mUl;fUiz
epiwe;j
MW
bjhFjpfisf;
bfhz;l
ghly;fspd;
bjhFg;g[
jpUtUl;gh.
 bghJik czh;t[ld; gpw bja;tA;fspd; kPJk; ghly;fisg; ghoa[s;shh;.
ts;syhhpd; jkpH;ggw;
;gw;W :  ts;syhh; jkpH; bkhHpBa nwthj epiy jUk; vd;whh;.
 gapy;tjw;Fk; mwpjw;Fk; vspikahd bkhHp jkpH; vd;whh;.
 ghLjw;Fk; Jjpj;jw;Fk; ndpikahd bkhHp jkpH; vd;whh;
 fy;tpia vspikaha; bfhLg;gJ jkpH; bkhHp vd;whh;.
* * * * *

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www.rejinpaul.com
tiut[[j; jpl;lg;go)
(tpdh tiut
2012 2013
jkpH; nuz;lhk;
hk; jhs; II
gphpt[ - I
(kjpg;bgz;fs; : 20)
gFjp - I
I.
. chpa tpiliaj; Bjh;e;bjGJf: 1. nstHfd; te;jhd;. nJ btspg;gil bjhlh;.
2. khL vd;Dk; brhy; m|wpizg; bghJg;bgah;.
3. khL fd;iw Nd;wJ nj;bjhlupy; khL vd;gJ gR Fwpf;Fk;.
4. tlf;F vd;Dk; jpir;bgaBuhL gpw jpirfs; te;J BrUk; BghJ epiybkhHp NWk; bka;a[k;
ePA;Fk;.
5. Bkw;F + ehL vd;gJ BkdhL vdr; BrUk;.
6. fUik + FHp vd;gJ NWBghjy;, ndkpfy;
y vDk; tpjpfspd;go g[zh;e;jJ.
7. bghUspyf;fzk; nuz;L tifg;gLk;.
8. mfj;jpidfs; VG tifg;gLk;.
9. khh;fHp, ij Mfpa nuz;Lk; Kd;gdp fhyj;jpw;FhpaJ.
10. kUj epyj;jpw;Fhpa bja;tk; ne;jpud;
11. ghiy epyj;jpw;Fhpa gwitfs; g[wh, gUe;J.
12. g[wj;;jpizfs; gd;dpuz;L tifg;gLk;.
13. epiufth;jy; vd;gJ btl;rp.
14. kz;zhir fUjpg; BghUf;Fr; bry;tJ tq;rpj;jpiz
15. ghlhz;jpiz vd;gJ Mz;kfdpd; XGfyhWfs; TWtJ.
16. xUjiyf; fhkk; vd;gJ iff;fpis
17. jd; ehl;ilf; ifg;gw;w te;j khw;wurBdhL vjph;j;Jg; BghhpLtJ behr;rp MFk;
18. cyF vd;Dk; brhy; btz;ghtpy; Nw;woapdl Nw;Wr;rPuhapd; mjd; tha;ghL gpwg;g[ MFk;
19. ey;yit nr;brhy;iy myfpl;lhy; Beh;epiu vdg;gphpa[k;.
20. Behpir Mrphpag;ghtpd; Nw;wayo Kr;rPuha; tUk;.
21. Mrphpag;ghtpd; Nw;Wr;rPh; Vfhuj;jpy; KotJ rpwg;g[.
Bfhol;l nlj;ij epug;g[f : gFjp - II
(kjpg;bgz;fs; : 20)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

tisay; - nr;brhy;ypd; Ifhuk; xU khj;jpiu Fiwe;J xypf;fpwJ.

Nw;wpy; Ifhuk; Fiwe;J te;j brhy; jpz;iz MFk;.
gy; + jPJ vd;gJ g|wPJ.
FWf;fA;fs; Ifhuf; FWf;Fk;, Xsfhuf; FWf;fk; kfuf; FWf;fk;.
g{A;FHyp bghk;ik bra;jhs;. nj;bjhliu brag;ghl;L tpisahf khw;Wk; BghJ,
bghk;ik g{A;FHypahy;
hy, bra;ag; gl;lJ vd tUk;.
6. mHfd; ghlk; vGJfpwhd;. nj;bjhlhpy; Xh; vGtha; xU gadpiyiaf; bfhz;L
Koe;jhy; mJ jdpepiyj; bjhlh;.
7. md;gurd; jpUf;Fwisf; fw;whd;. nj;bjhlh; gpwtpidahf khWk;BghJ md;gurd;
jpUf;Fwis fw;gpj;jhd;
hd vd tUk;.
8. xU brhy; jdpj;J epd;W bghUs; jUtJ jdpbkhHp.
9. bjhHpiyf; Fwpf;Fk; brhy; tpidr;brhy;.
10. tpidKw;W Kw;W, vr;rk;
k vd nUtifg;gLk;.

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11. Xh; vr;rtpid bgaiu bfhz;L Koe;jhy; mJ bgabur;rk; vdg;gLk;.
12. xU bghUs; Fwpj;J tUk; brhw;fisBa xU bghUl;gd;bkhHp vd;gh;
13. xU bghUl;gd;bkhHpf;F rhd;W cah;e;BjhA;fp my;yJ FHpe;jhH;e;J.
14. nJ bra;thah? vd;Dk; tpdhtpw;F tapW typf;Fk; vdf; TWtJ cWtJ Twy;
Twy tpil
MFk;.
15. Mlj; bjhpa[kh? vd;Dk; tpdhtpw;Fg; ghlj; bjhpa[k; vdf; TWtJ ndbkhHp tpil
MFk;.
16. ed;D]y; fpilf;Fkh? vdf; filf;fhuhplk; Bfl;gJ bfhsy;
bfhsy tpdh MFk;.
17. mo mfuk; IMjy; vd;gJ igA;TH;
18. MjpePly; vd;gjw;Fr; rhd;W K}J]h;
19. ndkpry; vd;gJ fUk;gyif MFk;.
20. jd;bdhw;wpul;ly; vd;gJ btw;wpiy MFk;.
21. mfk;, g[wk; Mfpa nuz;Lk; bghUs;
bghUs nyf;fzk; MFk;.
22. Fwpq;rp, Ky;iy Kjypa Ie;Jk; mfj;jpizfs;
zfs vdg;gLk;.
23. bea;jy; jpizf;Fhpa epyg;gFjp flYk;, fly; rhh;e;j gFjpahFk;
gFjpahFk.
24. ahkk; vd;gJ nut[ gj;J kzp Kjy; fhiy 2 kzp tiu
25. kUjk; bea;jy; Mfpa nuz;ow;Fk; MW bgUk; bghGJfSk; tUk;.
26. jpUkhy; Ky;iy epyj;jpw;Fhpa bja;tk;
27. kzKHh, bey;yhprpiz Mfpa nuz;Lk; kUjj;
kUjj jpizf;Fhpa giwfs;.
28. bea;jy; jpizf;Fhpa bjhHpy; kPd;gpoj;jy;
y MFk;.
29. Behpir btz;gh nuz;lhk; moapy; jdpr;brhy; bgw;W xU tpfw;gj;jhDk; nU
tpfw;gj;jhDk; tUk;.
30. nuz;lhk; moapy; jdpr;brhy; bgw;why; gy tpfw;gj;jhd; tUtJ nd;dpir btz;gh
MFk;
31. btz;ghtpd; Xir brg;gByhir MFk;.
32. Mrphpag;ghtpd; BtW bgah; mftw;gh MFk;.
33. Mrphpag;ghtpd; Xir mftByhir MFk;.
nyf;fzf;Fwpg;g[ : 34. tpBld; - jd;ik xUik tpidKw;W
35. brhyy; - bjhHpy; bgah;
36. va;jhg;gHp - NWbfl;l vjph;kiw bgabur;rk;
37. fyA;fhJ
- vjph;kiw tpidbar;rk;
38. jf;fhh;, brw;whh; - tpidahyiza[k; bgah;
39. jhh;Bte;jd;
- nuz;lhk; Btw;Wik cUg[k; gaDk; cld; bjhf;f bjhif
40. nit, nit
- mLf;Fj; bjhlh;
gphpj;J vGJf : 41. Xhput[
Xh; + nut[
42. gzpe;jpth; gzpe;J + nth;
43. jpz;owy;
jpz;ik + jpwy;
44. ve;ehSk;
v + ehSk;
45 .ghtpir
gh + tpir
46. ehd;kiw
ehd;F + kiw
47. mUtpid
mUik + tpid
48. Cuwpa[k;
Ch; + mwpa[k;
49. vd;dW
vd; + mW
50. tHpbahGfp tHp + xGfp

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gFjp III

RUf;fkhf tpilaspf;f
(xU kjpg;bgz; tpdh) : -

ty;ypdk; kpfk; nlA;fs;

s; :
1. epiybkhHp caphPw;Wk; brhy;ypd; gpd; ty;ypdk; (f;,r;,j;,g;) kpFk;.
2. m,n,c vd;Dk; Rl;blGj;Jfspd; gpd;Dk; v vd;Dk; tpdh vGj;jpd; gpd;Dk; ty;ypdk;
kpFk;.
m + fil = mf;fil
v + ghlk; = vg;ghlk;
3. mg;go, ng;go, vg;go vd;Dk; brhw;fspd;gpd; tUk; ty;ypdk; kpFk;.
vg;go + brhd;dhd; = vg;gor; brhd;dhd;.
4. ehd;fhk; Btw;Wik (F) tphpapy; tUk; ty;ypdk; kpFk;.
vdf;F + bfhL = vdf;Ff; bfhL
5. XbuGj;J xUbkhHpapy; tUk; f;,r;,j;,g;, kpFk;.
jP + rl;o = jPr;rl;o
6. NWbfl;l vjph;kiwg; bgabur;rj;jpd; Kd; ty;ypdk; kpFk;.
Bfsh + brtp = Bfshr; brtp
ty;ypdk; kpfh nlA;fs; : 1. tpidj; bjhifapy; tUk; ty;ypdk; kpfhJ.
tphp + Rlh; = tphpRlh;
2. ck;ikj; bjhifapy; tUk; ty;ypdk; kpfhJ.
jha; + je;ij = jha;je;ij
3. tpaA;Bfhs; tpidKw;iw mLj;J tUk; ty;ypdk; kpfhJ.
thH;f + jkpH; = thH;f jkpH;
4. nul;ilf; fpstpapy; ty;ypdk; kpfhJ
glgl
5. vGtha;j;bjhlhpy; tUk; ty;ypdk; kpfhJ.
g{tpHp + je;jhs; = g{tpHp je;jhs;.
cUtfj;ij ctikahf khw;Wf.
bkhHpaKJ
fz;fay;
jkpH;j;Bjd;
tpuy;g{
Kfk;kjp

:
:
:
:
:

mKjbkhHp
faw;fz;
Bjd;jkpH;
g{tpuy;
kjpKfkk;

:
:
:
:

mokyh;
gy;Kj;J
g[Uttpy;
ghjkyh;

ctikia cUtfkhf khw;Wf.

f.
kyuo
Kj;Jg;gy;
tpw;g[Utk;
kyh;g;ghjk;

bjhliu khw;wpaikj;jy;.
tpdh thf;fpaA;
paA;fshf khw;Wf : 1. rA;f fhyj;jpy; bgz;fy;tp rpwg;g[w;wpUe;jJ
rA;f fhyj;jpy; bgz;fy;tp rpwg;g[w;wpUe;jjh?

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2. ciHg;Bghh; cah;th;.
ciHg;Bghh; cah;tuh?
3. Bria tpUk;ghj jhapy;iy
Bria tpUk;ghj jha[z;Blh?
lh?
4. jkpHpd; ndpikia vtUk; kWf;f khl;lhh;.
jkpHpd; ndpikia vtUk; kwg;guh?
5. fLk; ciHg;g[k; Cf;fKk; nUe;jhy; midtUk;. thH;tpy; cauyhk;
fLk; ciHg;g[k; Cf;fKk; nUe;jhy; midtUk; thH;tpy; cau;
cau;thuh?
huh?

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

1.
2.

bra;jp thf;fpakhf khw;Wf: vd;Bd! mwpqh; mz;zhtpd; bghJeyj; bjhz;L!

mwpqh; mz;zhtpd; bghJeyj;
bghJeyj; bjhz;L rpwg;ghdJ.
ciHg;g[ n;y;yhjth;f;F cah;t[ cz;Blh?
ciHg;g[ ny;yhjth;f;F cah;t[ ny;iy.
me;Bjh! jkpHff; filj;bjUf;fspy; mwptpg;g[f; Tlj; jkpHpy; ny;iyBa!
jkpHff; filj; bjUf;fspy; mwptpg;g[f;Tl jkpHpy; ny;iy
mDkd; nyA;ifapy; rPijiaf; fz;lhdh?
mDkd; nyA;ifapy; rPijiaf; fz;lhd;.
M! bghw;Bfhapy; vj;jid mHfhf cs;sJ?
bghw;Bfhapy; mHfhf cs;sJ.
czh;r;rp thf;fpakhf khw;Wf: ky;ypif kpft[k; kzKilaJ
Mfh!
Mfh ky;ypifapd; kzBk kdk;!
jpU.tp.f.jkpH;eil kpft[k; ndpikahdJ.
Mfh!
Mfh jpU.tp
.tp.f.tpd; jkpH;eil vd;Bd ndpikahdJ!
kahdJ
f$PuhB#h rpw;gA;fs; kpft[k; mHfhdJ.
vd;Bd!
d f$PuhB#h rpw;gA;fspd; mHBfh mHF!
mHF
Ig;ghdpy; Vw;gl;l g{fk;gk; cyif cYf;fpaJ
IaBfh!
IaBfh $g;ghd; g{fk;gk; cyif cYf;fpaJ.
ghujpahhpd; ghl;Lj;jpwd; kpft[k; ed;W
vd;Bd!
d ghujpapd; ghl;Lj;jpwj;jpd; ndpik!.
ndpik .
fl;lis thf;fpaA;fshf khw;Wf: mwk; bra;a Btz;Lk;
mwk; bra;.
nsikapy; fw;f Btz;Lk;.
nsikapy; fy;.
bgw;Bwhiua[k;, bghpBahiua[k; Bgz Btz;Lk;
bgw;Bwhiua[k;, bghpBahiua[k; Bgz;.
fhiyapy; vGtijg; gHf;fkhff; bfhs;s Btz;Lk;
fhiyapy; vGtijg; gHf;fkhff; bfhs;.
khky;yg[ur; rpw;gA;fs; gw;wpf; fl;Liu tiuthah?
khky;yg[ur; rpw;gA;fs; gw;wpf; fl;Liu tiu.
xUik, gd;ik gpiH ePf;fp vGJf:
vGJf: fy;tp eyk; bgw;w bgz;ghw; g[yth;f;F kd;dUk; gzpe;jhd;;
fy;tp eyk; bgw;w bgz;ghw; g[yth;f;F kd;dUk; gzpe;jdh;.
bgz;fs; bgw Btz;oaJ bgz;fy;tp, bgz;Zhpik, brhj;Jhpik.
bgz;fs; bgw Btz;oad bgz;fy;tp, bgz;Zhpik, brhj;Jhpik.

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3. ng;BghJ mth; ifapy; Bfhg;g[fs; nUe;jJ.
ng;BghJ mth; ifapy; Bfhg;g[fs; nUe;jd.
4. taJ te;Bjhh;f;Fk; bgz;fSf;Fk; thf;Fhpik bfhLf;fg;gl Btz;Lbkd mk;Bgj;fh;
Twpaij ehBsLfs; g[fH;e;jJ.
taJ te;Bjhh;f;Fk; bgz;fSf;Fk; thf;Fhpik bfhLf;fg;gl Btz;Lbkd mk;Bgj;fh;
Twpaij ehBsLfs; g[fH;e;jd.
5. g[yth; bghA;fw; g[Jehs;fspd; khz;gpid czh;e;J bfhz;lhodh;.
g[yth; bghA;fw; g[Jehspd; khz;gpid czh;e;J bfhz;lhodh;.
6. Bkilg; Bgr;Rf;Ff; fUj;JfBs caph;eho Bghd;wJ.
Bkilg; Bgr;Rf;Ff; fUj;JfBs caph;eho Bghd;wd.
re;jpg;gpiHfis ePf;fp vGJf:
vGJf: 1. MSk; mwpt[k; tsh;tjw;F Kd;ghf thH;f;if gazkhk;.
MSk; mwpt[k; tsh;tjw;F Kd;ghf thH;f;ifg;
fg; gazkhk;.
2. fapw;Wfl;oypy; jd;id kwe;J cwA;fpdhd;.
fapw;Wf; fl;oypy; jd;id kwe;J cwA;fpdhd;.
3. jpiuglk; vLf;f gad;gLk; glRUs; bry;Yyha;L vd;Dk; bghUshy; MdJ.
glk; vLf;fg; gad;gLk; glr
jpiug;
glr;RUs; bry;Yyha;
yha;L vd;Dk; bghUshy; MdJ.
ug;glk;
4. ifbjhHpy; xd;iw fw;W bfhs;.
ifj
ifj;bjhHpy; xd;iw fw;Wf; bfhs;.
5. bgz;fs; FLk;gj;ij bghWg;g[ld; elj;j Btz;Lbkdt[k;, fly; fle;J bry;y Tlhbjdt[k;
Twp te;jdh;.
bgz;fs; FLk;gj;ijg;
jg; bghWg;g[ld; elj;j Btz;Lbkdt[k;, fly; fle;Jr; bry;y
Tlhbjdt[k; Twp te;jdh;.
gpwbkhHpr; brhy;Yf;Fhpa jkpH;r;brhy; vGJf:
vGJf: 1. B&j;jpuA;fs; BjhWk; brd;W tpf;fpufA;fis tHpgLf.
jpUj;jyA;fs; brd;W jpUt[UtA;fis tHpgLf.
2. nk;khh;f;fj;jpy; ahj;jpiu bry;YA;fs;.
nt;tHpahf gazk; bry;YA;fs;.
3. ne;j &h;l; kpft[k; fh!;l;ypahdJ.
ne;j Bky; rl;il kpft[k; tpiy cah;e;jJ
4. ehis elf;ftpUf;Fk; Bkl;rpy; ne;jpah fz;og;ghf tpd; bra;a[k;.
ehis elf;ftpUf;Fk; Bghl;oapy; ne;jpah fz;og;ghf btw;wpbgWk;.
5. ehd; ne;jf; fhBy$pd; Xy;l; !;Llz;l;
ehd; ne;jf; fy;Y]hpapd; giHa khztd;.
BkYk; rpy brhw;fs; : nyhgk;
tUtha;
tpq;qhdp
mwptpayhsh;
cz;zhtpujk;
cz;zh Behd;g[
epg[zh;
ty;Yeu;
myA;fhuk;
xg;gid
bjhifr; brhy;iy tphpj;bjGJf:jGJf:nUtpid
nUjpiz

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Kj;jkpH;
Kf;fdp
Kg;ghy;

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:

ey;tpid, jPtpid, (jd;tpid gpwtpid)

cah;jpiz,
m|wpiz,
mfj;jpiz,
g[wj;jpiz
nay;, nir, ehlfk;
kh, gyh, thiH
mwk;, bghUs;, nd;gk;

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K}Bte;jh;
K}tplk;
ehw;wpir
ehdpyk;
Ik;ghy;

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:

Ik;g[yd;
Ik;bghwp

:
:

Brud;, BrhHd;, ghz;oad;

jd;ik, Kd;dpiy, glh;f;if
fpHf;F, Bkw;F, tlf;F, bjw;F
Fwpq;rp, Ky;iy, kUjk;, bea;jy;, ghiy
Mz;ghy;,
bgz;ghy;,
gyh;ghy;,
xd;wd;ghy;, gytpd;ghy;
Rit, Xsp, CW, Xif ehw;wk;
bka;, tha;, fz;, K}f;F brtp

epWj;jw;Fwpapl;L vGJf:
vGJf: 1. rl;lj;ij kjpg;Bghk; Fw;wk; fise;j thH;it thH;Bthk; rl;lk; ek;ikf; fhf;Fk;
rl;lj;ij kjpg;Bghk;; Fw;wk; fise;j thH;it thH;Bthk;;; rl;lk; ek;ikf; fhf;Fk;.
2. fijg; glA;fs; kl;Lkpd;wpf; fUj;Jg; glA;fs; bra;jpg; glA;fs; tpsf;fg; glA;fs; fy;tpg;
glA;fs; vdg;gy tsh;r;rp epiyfisj; jpiug;glj;Jiw vl;oa[s;sJ
fijg; glA;fs; kl;Lkpd;wpf; fUj;Jg; glA;fs;, bra;jpg; glA;fs, tpsf;fg; glA;fs;, fy;tpg;
glA;fs; vdg;gy tsh;r;rp epiyfisj; jpiug;glj;Jiw vl;oa[s;sJ.
3. bjhiyf;fhl;rp FspU}l;Lk; fUtp ifg;Bgrp fzpdp Kjypatw;iwg; gGJ ghh;f;Fk;
gog;g[fSk; cs;sd.
bjhiyf;
bjhiyf;fhl;rp, FspU}l;Lk; fUtp, ifg;Bgrp, fzpdp Kjypatw;iwg; gGJ ghh;f;Fk;
gog;g[fSk; cs;sd.
ctikfisr; brhw;bwhlhpy; mikj;J vGJf:
vGJf: 1. gRkuj;jhzp Bghy
vd; nsikf; fhyj;Jr; bray;fs; gRkuj;jhzp Bghy vd; beq;rpy; MHkhfg; gjpe;Js;sd.
2. Fd;wpd; Bkypl;l tpsf;F Bghy
mwpqh; mz;zhtpd; g[fH;, Fd;wpd;Bky; nl;l tpsf;F Bghy ghbuA;Fk; xsptPRfpd;wJ.
3. moaw;w kuk; Bghy
Bfhtyd; bfhiya[z;l bra;jp Bfl;lJk;, fz;zfp moaw;w kuk; Bghyj;
Bghyj jiuapy;
tpGe;jhs;.
4. mj;jp g{j;jhw; Bghy
btspehl;oy; FoBawp tpl;lth;fs; mj;jpg{j;jhw;Bghy vg;bghGjhtJ ne;jpaht[f;F
tUthh;fs;.
5. cs;sA;if bey;ypf;fdp Bghy
cs;sA;if bey;ypf;fdp Bghy bjspthd cz;ikahFk;.
kug[j; bjhlUf;Bfw;w bghUis vGJf: 1. MapuA; fhyj;Jg; gaph;
- ePz;l fiyj;jw;FhpaJ.
2. Vl;Lr; rhbuf;fha; fwpf;FjthJ - gl;lwptpy;yhj gog;gwpt[
3. Kjiyf; fz;zPh;
- bgha;aGif
4. Mfhaj; jhkiu
- ny;yhj xd;W
5. fk;gp ePl;ly;
- brhy;ypf; bfhs;shky; bry;yy;
6. gq;rha;g; gwj;jy;
- miye;J jphpjy;
7. bfhl;oghh;j;jy;
kpFjpahfg; BgRjy;.

nyf;fzk;

1.

FWtpdh: - (2 kjpg;bgz;)
Ifhuf;FWf;fj;ij vLj;Jf;fhl;Lld; tpsf;Ff 1. Ifhuf;FWf;fk; : bkhHp Kjy;, nil, fil Mfpa K}tplA;fspy; tUk; Ifhuk;
jd; khj;jpiu mstpypUe;J Fiwe;J xypg;gJ Ifhuf;FWf;fk; vdg;gLk;.
2. vLj;Jf;fhl;L :

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Ik;gJ brhy;Yf;F Kjypy; te;J xd;wiu khj;jpiuahff; Fiwe;jJ
jiyth; - brhy;Yf;F nilapy; te;J xU khj;jpiuahff; Fiwe;jJ.
fliy brhy;Yf;F Nw;wpy; te;J xU khj;jpiuahff; Fiwe;jJ.
2. xsfhuf;FWf;fj;ij vLj;Jf;fhl;Lld; tpsf;Ff : 1. xsfhuf;
xsfhuf;FWf;fk; : brhy;Yf;F Kjypy; tUk; xsfhuk; jdJ nuz;L khj;jpiu
mstpypUe;J xd;wiu khj;jpiu mstpdjha;f; Fiwe;J xypg;gJ xsfhuf;FWf;fk;
vdg;gLk;.
2. vLj;Jf;fhl;L : xsit, btsthy; - xd;wiu khj;jpiuahff; Fiwe;jJ. bkhHpf;F
(brhy;Yf;F) nilapYk; nWjpapYk; xsfhuk; thuhJ.
3. kfuk; vt;btt;tplA;fspy; FWFk; ? vLj;Jf;fhl;Lld; tpsf;Ff.
1. kfuk;f;FWf;fk; : k; vd;Dk; bka;baGj;J, jd; miukhj;jpiu mstpypUe;J, fhy;
khj;jpiu msthff; Fiwe;J xypg;gJ kfuf;FWf;fk; vdg;gLk;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L : tUk; + tz;o = tUk; tz;o.
4. brhy; vd;why; vd;d? brhy;ypd; tiffs; ahit?
brhy; : - Xh; vGj;J jdpj;J epd;Bwh, gy vGj;Jfs; bjhlh;e;J epd;Bwh bghUs;
jUtJ brhy; vdg;gLk;.
tiffs; : jdpbkhHp, bjhlh;bkhHp, bghJ bkhHp vd K}tifg;gLk;.
5. bghJ bkhHp vd;why; vd;d? rhd;Wfhl;o tpsf;Ff.
xU brhy; jdpj;J epd;W xU bghUisa[k;, mrbrhy;By gpw brhw;fSld; bjhlh;e;J
epd;W BtW bghUisa[k; je;J, jdpbkhHpf;Fk; bjhlh;bkhHpf;Fk; bghJtha; miktJ,
bghJ bkhHp.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L : me;jkhd;.
me;jkhd; - jPt[ : me;j + khd; - me;j khd; (tpyA;F)
6. bjhpepiytidKw;iwr; rhd;Wfhl;o tpsf;Ff: 1. bjupepiytpidKw;W : bra;gtd;, fUtp, epyk;, bray;, fhyk;, bra;bghUs; vd;Dk;
Mwida[k; bjuptpj;Jf; fhyj;ij btspg;gilahff; fhl;LtJ
bjupepiytpidKw;whFk;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L : cGjhd;
bra;gtd;
cHtd;
fUtp
fyg;ig
epyk;
tay;
bray;
cGjy;
fhyk;
cGjhd;
bra;bghUs;
bey;
7. Fwpg;g[g; bgabur;rk; vd;why; vd;
vd;d?
1. Fwpg;g[g; bgabur;rk; : fhyj;ijBah braiyBah czh;j;jhky; gz;gpid kl;Lk;
czh;j;jp epd;W, bgah;brhy;iyf; bfhz;L Koa[k; vr;rk;, Fwpg;g[g; bgabur;rk;
vdg;gLk;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L : ey;y igad;
nj;bjhlhpy; ey;y vd;Dk; brhy; fhyj;ijBah braiyBah czh;j;jhky; gz;gpid
kl;Lk; czh;j;jp epd;W, bgah;r;brhy;iyf; bfhz;L Koe;Js;sJ.
8. Fwpg;g[tpidbar;rk; vd;why; vd;d? rhd;W jUf.
1. Fwpg;g[tpidbar;rk; : fhyj;ij btspg;gilahf czh;j;jhky;, gz;gpd;
mog;gilapy; bghUis czh;j;jp epd;W, tpidKw;iwf; bfhz;L KotJ
Fwpg;g[tpidbar;rk; vdg;gLk;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L : bky;yg; Bgrpdhd;, fz;zd; Behapd;wp thH;e;jhd;.
9. btspg;gil vd;why; vd;d ? rhd;W jUf.
1. btspg;gil : btspg;gilahfj; jd;bghUis czh;j;Jk; brhy; btspg;gil

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vdg;gLk;.
2. vLj;Jf;fhl;L : cyfpByBa gz;ghl;oy; jkpH;ehLjhd; jiyrpwe;J tpsA;Ffpd;wJ.
10. Fwpg;g[ vd;gjid vLj;Jf;fhl;Lld; tpsf;Ff.
1. Fwpg;g[ xU bjhlh; Kd;Dk; gpd;Dk; tUfpd;w brhw;fs; czh;j;Jk; Fwpg;ghy; xU
bghUisj; jUtJ Fwpg;g[ vdg;gLk;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L : g{g;ge;J tpisahl;oy; jkpH;ehL Kjyplk; bgw;wJ.
11. ndA;Fwpj;jy; vd;why; vd;d? vLj;Jf;fhl;Lld; tpsf;Ff.
ndA;Fwpj;jy; : xU brhy;, jd;bghUisa[k; Fwpj;Jf; jdf;F ndkhd bghUisa[k;
Fwpj;J tUtJ ndA;Fwpj;jy; vdg;gLk;
vLj;Jf;fhl;L : fjph;Bty; btw;wpiy jpd;whd; nA;F fjph;Bty; btw;wpiyBahL mjw;F
ndkhd ghf;F, Rz;zhk;g[ btw;wpiyBahL mjw;F ndkhd ghf;F, Rz;zhk;g[
Kjypatw;iwa[k; Brh;j;J jpd;whd; vdg; bghUs;gLfpwJ
12. mLf;Fj; bjhlh; vd;why; vd;d? vLj;Jf;fhl;Lld; tpsf;Ff?
1. mLf;Fj; bjhlh; : mirepiy, tpiut[, rpdk;, kfpH;r;rp,mr;rk;, Jd;gk; Kjypa
bghUs; epiyf;Fk;, bra;a[spy; niria epiwt[ bra;tjw;Fk; nuz;L, K}d;W, ehd;F Kiw
mLf;fp tUtJ mLf;Fj; bjhlh; vdg;gLk;.
2. vLj;Jf;fhl;Lf:
1. md;Bw md;Bw
mirepiy
2. Bgh Bgh
tpiut[
3. vwp vwp
rpdk;
4. tUf tUf
kfpH;r;rp
5. jP jP jP
mr;rk;
6. behe;Bjd; behe;Bjd; Jd;gk;
7. Bfho Bfho Bfho
BfhoBa
nir epiw
13. mLf;Fj; bjhlUf;
bjhlUf;Fk; nul;ilf;fpstpf;Fk; cs;s BtWghLfs; ahit?
mLf;Fj; bjhlh;
1. brhw;fs; jdpj;jdpBa epw;Fk;
2. gpupj;jhy; bghUs; jUk;
3. nuz;L, K}d;W, ehd;F, Kiw
mLf;fp tUk;
4. tpiut[, mr;rk;, btFsp, kfpH;r;rp
Kjypa bghUs;fs; gw;wp tUk;

nul;ilf;fpstp
brhw;fs; xd;Wgl;L epw;Fk;
gpupj;jhy; bghUs; juhJ
nuz;L Kiw kl;LBk mLf;fp
tUk;
mir epiyahfBt tUk;.

14. tpdh, tpiltifs;, xU bghUl; gd;bkhHp

1. tpdh vj;jid tifg;gLk; ? mit ahit? (my;yJ) mWtif tpdhf;fs; ahit?
1. tpdh mWtifg;gLk;
2. mit: mwptpdh, mwpahtpdh, Iatpdh, bfhsy;tpdh, bfhiltpdh, Vty;tpdh
vd;gd.
15. tlf;F vd;Dk; jpirg;bgaUld; gpw jpirfs; Brhpd; vt;thW g[zUk;?
1. tlf;F + fpHf;F
tlfpHf;F
tlf;F + Bkw;F
tlBkw;F
2. tlf;F vd;Dk; epiybkhHp fpHf;F, Bkw;F vd;Dk; tUbkhHpfBshL BrUk;BghJ
epiybkhHpapd; nWjp vGj;Jfshd f;,F ePA;fpg; g[zh;e;jJ.
16. bjw;F vd;Dk; jpirg;bgaUld; gpw bgah;fs; Brhpd; vt;thW g[zUk;?
1. bjw;F + jpir
bjd;jpir
2. njpy; epiybjhHpapdl nWjpahfpa F ePA;fpaJ : mjd; may; vGj;jhd; w; - d; Mf

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khwpg; g[zh;e;jJ.
17. brk;ik + bkhHp vt;thW g[zUk;?
1. brk;ik + bkhHp = brk; + bkhHp = brk;bkhHp
2. NWBghjy; vd;Dk; tpjpg;go epiybkhHp Nw;W ik bfl;Lf; brk;+bkhHp brk;bkhHp
vd;W g[zh;e;jJ.
18. btw;wpiy g[zh;r;rptpjp TWf.
1. btw;wpiy btWik + niy = btW + niy = btw;+niw = btw;w; + niy
btw;wpiy
2. btW + niy NW Bghjy;
btw; + niy Kw;Wk; mw;W XBuhtHp
btw;w; + niy jd; xw;W nul;ly;
btw;(w;+n) cly;Bky; cahpte;J xd;WtJ nay;Bg btw;wpiy
19. Ky;iy epyj;jpw;Fhpa fUg;bghUs;fs; ehd;fid vGJf.
Ky;iy epyj;jpw;Fhpa fUg;bghUs;fs;
1. bja;tk;
: jpUkhy;
2. tpyA;F
: Kay;
3. gwit
: kapy;
4. bjhHpy;
: VWjGt[jy;.
20. g[wj;jpizfs; ehd;fid
id vGJf.
g[wj;jpizfs; :
1. btl;rpj; jpiz
2. fue;ijj; jpiz
3. tq;rpj; jpiz
4. fhq;rpj; jpiz
21. gFgj cWg;gpyf;fzk; (gFjp, tpfhuk;, re;jp, nilepiy, rhupia, tpFjp)
thH;f
- thH; + f
gFjp
tpaA;Bfhs;; tpidKw;W tpFjp
Bghw;wp
- Bghw;W + n
gFjp
tpidbar;r tpFjp
vGe;J
- vG + j;(e;) + j; + c
gFjp re;jp e;MdJ tpfhuk; j; - n.n, c tpidbar;r tpFjp
tUf
- th(tU) + f
gFjp tU vdf; FWfpaJ tpfhuk; f tpaA;Bfhs;; tpidKw;W tpFjp
fz;lJ
- fhz; (fz;) + l; + m + J
gFjp fz; vdf;FWfpaJ tpfhuk; l; n.n., m rhhpia J xUik
gd;ik tpidKw;W tpFjp
g[hpe;j
- g[hp + j;(e;) + j; + m
gFjp re;jp e;MdJ tpfhuk; j; - n.n, m bgabur;r tpFjp.
Bfl;l
- Bfs; (l;) + l; + m
gFjp l; tpfhuk; l; n.n., m bgabur;r tpFjp
R{H;thh;
- R{H; + t; + Mh;
gFjp t; vjph;fhy nilepiy Mh; gyh; ghy; tpidKw;W tpFjp
mwpahik
- mwp + a; + M + ik
gFjp a; cld;gL bka;, M vjph;kiw nilepiy ik bjhHpy; bgah;
bgw;Bwd;
- bgW (bgw;W) + Vd;
gFjp bgw;W xw;W nul;oj;jJ, Vd; jd;ik xUik tpidKw;W tpFjp

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nyf;fz bgUtpdh (Ie;J kjpg;bgz;)

1. btz;ghtpd; bghJ nyf;fzk; ahJ?
Xir
:
brg;gByhir bgw;W tUk;
rPh;
:
naw;rPUk; btz;rPUk; gapd;W tUk;
jis
:
naw;rPh;
btz;lisa[k;
btz;rPh;
btz;lisa[k; gapd;W tUk;
mo
:
nWjpao K}d;W rPuhft[k; gpw mofs;
ehd;F rPuhft[k; tUk;
tiuaiw
:
nuz;lo Kjy; gd;dpbuz;L mofs;
tiu ghlg;gLk;
tha;g;ghL
:
nWjpaoapd; nWjpr;rPh; ehd;, kyh; fhR
gpwg;g[ vd;Dk; tha;g;ghLfSs; xd;iwg;
bgw;W Koa[k;
tpfw;gk;
:
xU tpfw;gkhRt[k; gy tpfw;gkhft[k;
tUk;.
2. Mrphpag;ghtpd; nyf;fzk; ahJ?
:
Xir
rPh;
:
jis
:
mo
tiuaiw

:
:

Kot[

mftByhir bgw;W tUk;

naw;rPh; gapd;W tUk;
Mrphpaj;
jisgapd;W
tUk;
gpw
jisa[k; tUk;
moBjhWk; ehd;F rPh; bgw;W tUk;
K}d;wo Kjy; ghLBthh; tpUg;gk; tiu
mika[k;
nWjpaoapd; nWjpr;rPh; Vfhuj;jpy; KotJ
rpwg;ghFk;.

3. mfu Kjy vGj;bjy;yhk; Mjp

gftd; Kjw;Bw cyF
- njpy; gapd;W tUk;
ghtifia Rl;o tpsf;Ff.
ghtif : - Fws; btz;gh.
Fws; btz;ghtpd; nyf;fzk; (Fwpg;g[ : btz;ghtpd; bghJ nyf;fzj;ij nA;F Brh;j;jy;
Btz;Lk;)

btz;ghtpd; bghJ nyf;fzk; bgw;W tUk;

nuz;L mofshy; ghlg;gLk;

nf;Fwl;gh xUtpfw;gj;jhd; te;j Fws; btz;ghthFk;

rhd;W - mf
fu
gf
ftd;

mzp nyf;fzk;
1. jw;Fwpg;Bgw;w mzpiar; rhd;Wld; tpsf;Ff:f:jw;Fwpg;Bgw;w mzp: - nay;ghf epfGk; epfH;r;rpapd; kPJ ftpqh; jk; Fwpg;gpid Vw;wpf;
TWtJ jw;Fwpg;Bgw;w mzp MFk;.

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