Namma Kalvi: An SEO-Optimized Title

Namma Kalvi
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,ay; ,aw;if ciueil cyfk;
nfl;fpwjh vd; Fuy;-

2
ghlE}y; tpdhf;fs;
gyt[s; bjhpf
1. bra;jp 1 : xt;nthh; Mz;Lk; $%d; 15I cyff; fhw;W ehshff; bfhz;lho tUfpnwhk;.
bra;jp 2 : fhw;whiy cw;gj;jpapy; ,e;jpahtpy; jkpHfk; ,uz;lhkplk; vd;gJ vdf;Fg;
bgUikna.
bra;jp 3 : fhw;wpd; Mw;wiyg; gad;gLj;jpf; fly; fle;J tzpfk; bra;J btw;wp fz;lth;fs;
jkpHh;fs;.
m) bra;jp 1 kl;Lk; rhp M) bra;jp 1/ 2 Mfpad rhp
,) bra;jp 3 kl;Lk; rhp <) bra;jp 1/ 3 Mfpad rhp [tpil: ,]
2. bghUe;Jk; tpil thpiriaj; njh;e;bjLf;f.

1. bfhz;ly; ? 1. nkw;F
2. nfhil ? 2. bjw;F
3. thil ? 3. fpHf;F
4. bjd;wy; ? 4. tlf;F
m) 1/ 2/ 3/ 4 M) 2/ 4/ 1/ 3 ,) 4/ 3/ 2/ 1 <) 3/ 4/ 1/ 2 [tpil: M]
FWtpdh
1. èkf;F caph; fhw;W
fhw;Wf;F tuk; kuk; ? ku=;fis
btl;o vwpahky; el;L tsh;g;nghk;~

?,J nghd;w cyff; fhw;W ehs; tpHpg;g[zh;t[f;fhd ,uz;L KHf;fj; bjhlh;fis vGJf.
caph;fspd; Rthrk; fhw;W
fhw;wpd; Rthrk; kuk;
kuj;jpd; Rthrk; kdpjh;
ku=;fSf;Fr; Rthrk; bfhLg;nghk;- ku=;fis tsh;g;nghk;--
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,ay; 2 X
Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH 45
rpWtpdh
1. capuhf ehd;/ gy bgah;fspy; ehd;/ ehd;F jpirfspYk; ehd;/ ,yf;fpaj;jpy; ehd;/ Ke;ePh;
ehtha; Xl;oahf ehd;......... Kjypa jiyg;g[fspy; fhw;W jd;idg; gw;wpg; ngRfpwJ.
,t;thW èPh;~ jd;idg; gw;wpg; ngrpdhy; ........... c=;fSila fw;gidapy; jiyg;g[fis
vGJf.
ehnd- ePh;
cyfpy; Kf;fhy; ghfk; ehd;
ehd; ,y;iy vd;why; cyfk; ,y;iy
Mjtdpd; mizg;gpy; fUt[w;W
nkfkha; tsh;e;J
kiHaha; gpwg;ngd; ehd;
tpz;zpypUe;J ehd; mGjhy;
vd;idf; fz;L cyfk; rphpf;Fk;
kiyapy; tpGe;J
ejpapy; Xo
flypy; r=;fkpf;Fk;
rhpj;jpu ehafd; ehd;.
2.
nrhiyf; (g{=;fh) fhw;Wk; kpd;tprpwpf; fhw;Wk; ngrpf;bfhs;tJnghy; Xh; ciuahly;
mikf;f.
kpd; tprpwpf; fhw;W : ez;gh th v=;bfy;yhk; Rw;wpj; jphpe;J tUfpwha;>
vd;idg; nghy; epiyahf Xhplj;jpypUe;J tPrf; Tlhjh.
nrhiyf;fhw;W : eP Xhplj;jpy; ,Ue;J epiyahf tPrpdhYk; cd;id ,af;f xUth;
njit. mJ kl;Lky;yhky; eP bfhLf;Fk; btg;gf;fhw;iw
kdpjh;fs; ntW tHpapd;wp gad;gLj;Jfpd;wdh;. kpd;rhuk; jilg;
gl;lhYk; kdpjh;fs; cd;id ,af;f KoahJ.
kpd; tprpwpf; fhw;W : kdpjh;fs; cd;id tpUk;g[fpwhh;fsh>
nrhiyf;fhw;W : Mk;/ ehd; kf;fSf;F Fsph;e;j fhw;iwf; bfhLf;fpnwd;.
vd;dpypUe;J kpd;rhuk; jahhpf;fpd;wdh;. fhw;whiy kpd; cw;gj;jpapy;
,e;jpah Ie;jhk; ,lj;jpYk; jkpHfk; Kjy; ,lj;jpYk; cs;sJ.
g[Jg;gpf;ff; Toa tskhd vd;idg; gad;gLj;jp kpd;dhw;wiy
cUthf;Fk; nghJ epyf;fhpapd; njit Fiwe;j fdpk ts=;fs;
ghJfhf;fg;gLfpwJ.
kpd; tprpwpf; fhw;W : ,j;jid rpwg;g[fs; bfhz;l cd;id itj;J xU g[J bkhHpia
cyfpw;Ff; Twg;nghfpnwd;.
nrhiyf;fhw;W : mg;goah! mg;g[J bkhHp ahJ>
kpd; tprpwpf; fhw;W : ``fhw;Ws;s nghnj kpd;rhuk; vLj;Jf; bfhs;~~
46 Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH X ,ay; 2
beLtpdh
1. kyh;e;Jk; kyuhj ghjpkyh; nghy
tsUk; tpHp tz;znk ? te;J
tpoe;Jk; tpoahj fhiyg; bghGjhf
tpise;j fiy md;dnk
ejpapy; tpisaho bfhoapy; jiyrPtp
ele;j ,se;bjd;wny ? tsh;
bghjpif kiynjhd;wp kJiu efh; fz;L
bghype;j jkpH; kd;wnk
? ftp+h; fz;zjhrdpd; ,g;ghlypy; jtGk; fhw;iwa[k; ftpij eaj;ija[k; ghuhl;o ciu
bra;f.
fhw;iwg; ghuhl;ly; :
kyh;e;j kyuhj ghjp kyiua[k;/ tpoe;Jk; tpoahj fhiyg; bghGija[k; tpUk;ghjhh;
vtUkpy;iy. midtUk; fhw;whfpa cd;ida[k; eP ,se;bjd;wyhf tUk; nghJ tpUk;g[th;
vdf; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shh; fz;zjhrd;. fhw;whdJ ejpfis tUoa[k; bro bfhofis tUoa[k;
,se;bjd;wyhf tUfpwJ. fhw;iwg; nghynt jkpGk; midtuhYk; tpUk;gj;jf;fjha;
,Uf;fpwJ. bjw;fpYs;s bghjpif kiyapy; njhd;wpa jkpGf;F kJiuapny r=;fk; itj;J
mHfpa jkpH; tsh;j;jjhft[k; fUj;Jf; bfhs;syhk;;.
ea=;fs; :
nkhid eak; :
bra;a[spy; monjhWk; my;yJ rPh;njhWk; Kjy; vGj;J xd;;wptuj; bjhLg;gJ
nkhid.
rPh;nkhid: monkhid:
tsUk;/ tz;znk/ te;J tpoe;jJk;
kiynjhd;wp/ kJiu tpise;j
vJif eak; :
bra;a[spy; monjhWk; my;yJ rPh;njhWk; ,uz;lhk; vGj;J xd;;wptuj; bjhLg;gJ
movJif:
ejpapy;
bghjpif
Kuz; eak; :
kyh;e;Jk; _
kyuhj
tpoe;Jk; _
tpoahj
ftp+h; jk; ghlypy; itj;Js;s Kuz; eak; mUikahf cs;sJ.
,ay; 2 X
,iag[ eak; :
tz;znk/ md;dnk/ kd;wnk vd ,iagha; mike;jr; brhw;fs; ,g;ghlYf;F
nkYk; mHF nrhf;fpd;wd.
mzp eak; :
,g;ghlypy; ctikazp kw;Wk; ,ay;g[ etpw;rpazp vd gy mzpfisf; Twp
bra;a[Sf;F mHF nrh;j;Js;shh; ftp+h; fz;zjhrd;.
rhd;W: ghjp kyh;nghy (ctikazp)
bghUs; eak; :
fhw;nwhL jkpiHa[k; rpwg;gpj;J ey;y bghUs; eaj;njhL ,g;ghly; vGjg;gl;Ls;sJ.
TLjy; tpdhf;fs;
gyt[s; bjhpf
1.
bjd;nkw;Fg; gUtf;fhw;W ,e;jpahtpw;F vj;jid tpGf;fhL kiHg;bghHptpidj;
jUfpwJ>
m) Ik;gJ M) mWgJ ,) vGgJ <) vz;gJ [tpil: ,]
2. jha;yhe;J kd;dhpd; KoNl;L tpHhtpw;F vg;ghly;fisj; jha;bkhHpapy; vGjp itj;Jg;
ghLfpwhh;fs;>
m) jpUke;jpuk;/ jpUthrfk; M) jpUf;Fw;s/ jpUke;jpuk;
,) jpUtUl;gh/ jpUg;ghit <) jpUbtk;ghit/ jpUg;ghit [tpil: <]
3. bghUj;Jf.
1. @r;R ? m) ePh;
2. jhfk; ? M) epyk;
3. ciwtJ ? ,) fhw;W
4. xsp ? <) fjputd;
m) 1?M 2?m 3?< 4?, M) 1?, 2?M 3?m 4?<
,) 1?< 2?, 3?M 4?m <) 1?, 2?m 3?M 4?< [tpil: <]
4. cyfk; Ik;g{j=;fshy; MdJ vd;wth;
m) jpU@yh; M) mfj;jpah;
,) ts;Sth; <) bjhy;fhg;gpah; [tpil: <]
5. ``tha[ tHf;fk; mwpe;J brwpe;jl=;fpy;
Ma[s; bgUf;fk; cz;lhk;~~ vd;w ghlyoiag; ghoath;
m) jpU@yh; M) xsitahh; ,) bjhy;fhg;gpah; <) fk;gh; [tpil: M]
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6. bghUj;Jf.
1. nkw;F ? m) thil
2. tlf;F ? M) Flf;F
3) bjw;F ? ,) Fzf;F
4) fpHf;F ? <) bjd;wy;
m) 1?< 2?, 3?m 4?M M) 1?M 2?m 3?< 4?,
,) 1?M 2?m 3?, 4?< <) 1?, 2?< 3?M 4?m [tpil: M]
7. ``Ke;ePh;~~ vd;gjd; bghUs;
m) fly; M) fg;gy; ,) gazk; <) ePh; [tpil: m]
8. bghUe;jhj xd;wpidj; njh;t[ bra;f.
m) tsp M) bjd;wy; ,) g[ay; <) fly; [tpil: <]
9. ``tz;blhL g[f;f kztha;j; bjd;wy;~~ vdf; TWk; E}y; vJ>
m) bjd;wy; tpL J}J M) rpyg;gjpfhuk;
,) kzpnkfiy <) g[wehD}W [tpil: M]
10. gj;kfphpehjh; bjd;wy; tpL J}J vd;w E}ypd; Mrphpah;
m) ,s=;nfhtofs; M) xsitahh;
,) gygl;lilr; brhf;fehjg; g[yth; <) jpU@yh; [tpil: ,]
11. tspbjhHpy; Mz;l cunthd; ? vdf; Fwpg;gplg;gLk; kd;dd;
m) fhpfhyd; M) ,uhruhrd; ,) ,uhnre;jpud; <) ghHp [tpil: m]
12. fhpfhy; bgUtsj;jhidg; g[fH;e;J ghoa r=;ffhyg; bgz;ghw;g[yth;
m) xsitahh; M) Mjpke;jpahh;
,) ms;Ah; ed;Ky;iyahh; <) btz;zpf; Faj;jpahh; [tpil: <]
13.
Krpwp JiwKfj;Jf;F tpiutpy; gazk; bra;a[k; g[jpa tHpiaf; fz;Lgpoj;j fpnuf;f
khYkp
m) \pg;ghy!; M) a[thd;Rth=;f; ,) gpisdp <) jhykp [tpil: m]
14. $^d; Kjy; brg;lk;gh; tiu tPRk; gUtf;fhw;W

m) tlfpHf;Fg; gUtf; fhw;W M) bjd;nkw;Fg; gUtf; fhw;W
,) tlnkw;Fg; gUtf; fhw;W <) bjd;fpHf;Fg; gUtf; fhw;W [tpil: M]
15. mf;nlhgh; Kjy; ork;gh; tiu tPRk; gUtf;fhw;W
m) tlfpHf;Fg; gUtf; fhw;W M) bjd;nkw;Fg; gUtf; fhw;W
,) tlnkw;Fg; gUtf; fhw;W <) bjd;fpHf;Fg; gUtf; fhw;W [tpil: m]
16. cyff; fhw;whiy cw;gj;jpapy; Ie;jhk; ,lk;bgw;Ws;s ehL
m) ,e;jpah M) mbkupf;fh ,) rPdh <) $g;ghd; [tpil: m]
,ay; 2 X
17. ,e;jpahtpy; fhw;whiy kpd; cw;gj;jpapy; Kjyplk; tfpf;Fk; khepyk;

m) F$uhj; M) nfush ,) jkpH;ehL <) Me;jpuh [tpil: ,]
18. cyfpnyna mjpf mst[[ khRgLj;Jk; ehLfspy; ,uz;lhkplk; bgw;Ws;s ehL
m) rPdh M) mnugpah ,) ,e;jpah <) $g;ghd; [tpil: ,]
19. ,e;jpahtpy; kpFe;j caphpHg;igj; jUk; fhuzpfspy; Ie;jhkplk; bgWtJ
m) fhw;W khR M) ePh; khR ,) epy khR <) xyp khR [tpil: m]
20. cyff; fhw;W ehs;
m) $^d; 15 M) $îy 15 ,) $dthp 15 <) ork;gh; 10 [tpil: m]
21. à[dpbrg;~ vd;gJ
m) gUtepiy khWghL M) rpWth; epjpak;
,) cyf Rfhjhu epWtdk; <) cyf t=;fp epWtdk; [tpil: M]
22. ``g{=;fhw;nw- ,j;jid ehs; cidg; ghlhjpUe;Jtpl;nld;~~ vd;W tUe;jpa ftp+h;
m) jdpehaf mofs; M) njtnfhl;il th. @h;j;jp
,) ,s=;Fkudhh; <) ghujpahh; [tpil: M]
23. caphpd thH;tpd; mog;gil
m) ,aw;if M) braw;if ,) kdpjd; <) ku=;fs; [tpil: m]
24. bjhy;fhg;gpah;/ cyfk; vd;gJ vjdhy; MdJ vd;fpwhh;>
m) flt[shy; M) kdpjdhy;
,) Ik;bgUk; g{j=;fshy; <) ,d;gJd;g=;fshy; [tpil: ,]
25. @r;Rg;gapw;rpna cliyg; ghJfhj;J thH;ehis ePl;of;Fk; vd;W Twpath; ahh;> Twg;gl;l
E}y; vJ>
m) khzpf;fthrfh;/ jpUthrfk; M) jpU@yh;/ jpUke;jpuk;
,) jpUeht[f;furh;/ njthuk; <) xsitahh;/ Mj;jpr;No [tpil: M]
26. `tz;blhL g[f;f kztha;j; bjd;wy;~ ? vd;W ciug;gth;
m) xsitahh; M) ,s=;nfhtofs;
,) gygl;lilr; brhf;fehjg;g[yth; <) FkuFUguh; [tpil: M]
27. bjd;wy; fhw;W vd miHf;fg;glf; fhuzk;
m) kuk;/ bro/ bfho/ MW/ kiy jhz;o tUtJ
M) ntfkhf tPRtJ
,) RHd;W tPRtJ <) kzw;gFjpapypUe;J tPRtJ [tpil: m]
28. èe;jkpGk; jz;bghUie ed;djpa[k; nrh; bghUg;gpw;

bre;jkpHpd; gpd;Djpj;j bjd;wny~ ? vd;W bgz;bzhUj;jp/ J}J bry;y fhw;wpid
miHj;jjhfg; ghoath;
m) xsitahh; M) ,s=;nfhtofs;
,) gygl;lilr; brhf;fehjg;g[yth; <) FkuFUguh; [tpil: ,]
29. `èjpapy; tpisahof; bfhoapy; jiyrPtp

ele;j ,se;bjd;wny~~ ? vd;w ghliy ,aw;wpath;
m) thyp M) fz;zjhrd; ,) ituKj;J <) kPuh [tpil: M]
30. esp,U Ke;ePh; ehtha; Xl;o
tspbjhHpy; Mz;l cunthd; kUf!
fsp,ay; ahidf; fhpfhy; tst!~~ ? vd;W gH=;fhyj;jpy; fly; fle;j gaz=;fs; midj;Jk;
fhw;wpdhy; ,af;fg;gl;l gha;kuf; fg;gy;fshy;jhd; epfH;e;jd vd;W Fwpg;gpLk; E}y;
m) g[wehD}W M) mfehD}W
,) ghpghly; <) fypj;bjhif [tpil: m]
31. \pg;ghy!; vd;gth;

m) fpnuf;f khYkp M) nghh;r;Rf;fPrpa khYkp
,) gpbu+;R kUj;Jth; <) M=;fpy MSeh;; [tpil: m]
32. gUtf; fhw;wpd; cjtpapdhy; Krpwpj; JiwKfj;jpw;F nenu eLf;fly; tHpahf tpiutpy;
gazk; bra;a[k; g[jpa tHpiaf; fz;Lgpoj;jth;
m) th!;nfhlfhkh M) \pg;ghy!;
,) ghh;j;jnyhkpnah la!; <) blkh!;jdp!; [tpil: M]
33. \p[g;ghy!; gUtf;fhw;W vd;W bgahpl;lth;fs;

m) atdh; M) rPdh; ,) M=;fpnyah; <) mbkhpf;fh; [tpil: m]
34. \pg;ghy!; gUtf;fhw;W fz;Lgpof;fg;gl;l E}w;whz;L
m) fp.gp. Kjy; E}w;whz;L M) fp.K. Kjy; E}w;whz;L
,) fp.gp. ,uz;lhk; E}w;whz;L <) fp.K. ,uz;lhk; E}w;whz;L [tpil: m]
35. btz;zpf;Faj;jpahh; vd;gth;
m) r=;ffhyg; bgz; g[yth; M) fhg;gpa ehafp
,) ghz;okhnjtp <) ,ilf;fhyg; bgz; g[yth; [tpil: m]
36. ``fsp,ay; ahidf; fhpfhy; tst-~~ vd;W ghoath;
m) fhf;ifg; ghodpahh; M) btz;zpf;Faj;jpahh;
,) bts;sptPjpahh; <) eg;griyahh; [tpil: M]
37.
btz;zpf;Faj;jpahh; fhpfhy; tstidg; g[fH;e;J ghLk; ghlypy; `tsp~ vdf;
Fwpg;gplg;gLtJ
m) typik M) fhw;W ,) tpiut[ <) tWik [tpil: M]
38. gUtf;fhw;wpd; gaid cyfpw;F czh;j;jpa fpnuf;f mwp+h;
m) blkh!;jdp!; M) \pg;ghy!;
,) bgh;dhl;&h <) rhf;uO!; [tpil: M]
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,ay; 2 X
39. \pg;ghy!; gUtf;fhw;wpd; gaidf; fz;lwpa[k; Kd;dnu fhw;wpd; Mw;wiyg; gad;gLj;jp

fly; tzpfj;jpy; btw;wp fz;lth;fs;
m) tl ,e;jpah;fs; M) Mg;gphpf;fh;fs;
,) jkpHh;fs; <) Inuhg;gpah;fs; [tpil: ,]
40. rhpahd Tw;wpidf; fz;lwp.
i) fhw;W gUt fhy=;fspy; nkfj;ijf; bfhz;L te;J kiHiaj; jUfpwJ.
ii) $Pd; Kjy; brg;lk;gh; tiu bjd;nkw;Fg; gUtf;fhw;W tPRfpwJ
iii) mf;nlhgh; Kjy; ork;gh; tiu tlfpHf;Fg; gUtf;fhw;W tPRfpwJ.
m) i, ii - rhp M) ii, iii - rhp ,) @d;Wk; rhp <) i, iii - rhp [tpil: ,]
41. ,e;jpahtpd; KJbfYk;g[
m) bert[ M) ntshz;ik
,) fl;olj;bjhHpy; <) ngust[ Cw;gj;jp [tpil: M]
42. fhw;W jhH;t[ kz;lykha;j; jtH;e;J g[ayha; khWk; fhyk;
m) bjd;nkw;Fg; gUtf; fhyk; M) bjd;fpHf;Fg; gUtf; fhyk;
,) tlnkw;Fg; gUtf;fhyk; <) tlfpHf;Fg; gUtf;fhyk; [tpil: ,]
43. `tspkpfpd; typ ,y;iy~ vd;W ghoath; ahh;> E}y; vJ>
m) g[wehD}W/ Ia{h; Kltdhh; M) Mj;jpr;R{o/ xsitahh;
,) fypj;bjhif/ ey;ye;Jtdhh; <) g[wehD}W/ ,sehfdhh; [tpil: m]
44. fL=;fhw;W/ kziyf; bfhz;L te;J nrh;f;fpwJ vd;W TWk; E}y; vJ> Twpath; ahh;>
m) g[wehD}W/ Ia{h; Kltdhh; M) Mj;jpr;R{o/ xsitahh;
,) fypj;bjhif/ ey;ye;Jtdhh; <) g[wehD}W/ kJiu ,sehfdhh; [tpil: <]
45. g[wCjhf; fjph;fisj; jLf;Fk; muz;
m) Xnrhd; glyk; M) vhpfw;fs; ,) tpobts;sp <) fhL [tpil: m]
46. Fsph;gjdg;bgl;o btspapLk; er;Rf;fhw;W
m) fhh;gd;?il?Mf;irL M) Fnshnuh g[nshnuh fhh;gd;
,) Mf;rp$d; <) i\l;nuh fhh;gd; [tpil: M]
47.
Fnshnuh g[nshnuh fhh;gd; thapyhf cUthFk; ghjpg;g[fisf; Fiwf;Fk; tpjkhfg;
gad;gLj;jg;gLk; Fsph;gjdp ________.
m) i\l;nuh fhh;gd; M) fhh;gd; nkhdhf;irL
,) iel;u$d; <) i\l;u$d; [tpil: m]
48.
fe;jf il Mf;irL/ iel;u$d; il Mf;irL Mfpait kiH bga;a[k; nghJ ePhpy;
fiue;JtpLtjhy; bga;tJ ________.
m) mkpy kiH M) fy; kiH
,) fd kiH <) kpjkhd kiH [tpil: m]
49. mkpy kiHahy; Jd;gj;jpw;F cs;shFgit
i) kz; ii) ePh; iii) fl;ll=;fs; iv) fhLfs;
v) ePh;thH; caphpd=;fs;
m) i, ii - rhp M) iii, iv - rhp ,) iv, v - rhp <) Ie;Jk; rhp [tpil: <]
50. Fnshnuh g[nshnuh fhh;gdpd; xU @yf;TW/ Xnrhd; @yf;TWfisr; rpijj;J tpLk;.
m) Xuhapuk; M) <uhapuk; ,) xU ,yl;rk; <) xU nfho [tpil: ,]
51. xU kzpj;Jspf;F 12 Kjy; 18 Kiw @r;Rf;fhw;wha; ehk; btspapLtJ
m) Mf;rp$d; M) iel;u$d;
,) fhh;gd;?il?Mf;irL <) i\l;u$d; [tpil: ,]
52. ku=;fs; ek; EiuaPuYf;Fj; njitahd vijj; jUfpwJ>
m) caph; tsp (Mf;rp$d;) M) fhh;gd; ? il ? Mf;irL
,) iel;u$d; <) i\l;u$d; [tpil: m]
53.
jha;yhe;J kd;dhpd; KoNl;L tpHhtpy; jpUbtk;ghit/ jpUg;ghit ghly;fisj;
jha;bkhHpapy; vGjp itj;Jg; ghLfpd;wdh; vd;W Fwpg;gpl;Ls;sth;
m) kiwkiyaofs; M) jdp ehaf mofs;
,) +hdpahuofs; <) mKjd; mofs; [tpil: M]
54. ,aw;ifapd; TWfspy; vjpd; g=;F TLjyhdJ>
m) epyj;jpd; M) ePhpd; ,) beUg;gpd; <) fhw;wpd; [tpil: <]
55. nfl;fpwjh vd; Fuy; ? vd;Dk; ghlg;gFjp ahUila Fuyhf vjpbuhypf;fpwJ>
m) epyk; M) ePh; ,) fhw;W <) thdk; [tpil: ,]
56. jh$;kfhy; fl;lg;gl;l E}w;whz;L
m) fp.gp. 16 M) fp.gp. 17 ,) fp.gp. 15 <) fp.gp. 18 [tpil: M]
FWtpdh
1. @r;Rg;gapw;rp Fwpj;J jpU@yh; Twpa bra;jp ahJ>
@r;Rg;gapw;rpna cliyg; ghJfhj;J thH;ehis ePl;of;Fk; vd;W Twpa[s;shh;.
2. fhw;iwf; Fwpf;Fk; ntW bgah;fs; ahit>
fhw;W/ tsp/ bjd;wy;/ g[ay;/ Nwhtsp.
3.
gUtepiy/ NHy;/ tPRk; ntfk; Mfpatw;wpw;nfw;g fhw;wpw;F tH=;fg;gLk; gy;ntW
bgah;fisf; TW.
bjd;wy; fhw;W/ g{=;fhw;W/ fly; fhw;W/ gdpf;fhw;W/ thilf;fhw;W/ nky; fhw;W/
fPH;f;fhw;W/ bkd; fhw;W/ ,se;bjd;wy;/ g[Gjpf;fhw;W/ Mof;fhw;W/ fL=;fhw;W/ g[ay; fhw;W/
nga;f;fhw;W/ RHy; fhw;W/ Nwhtspf;fhw;W.
4. fpHf;Ff; fhw;W Fwpg;g[ tiuf. (my;yJ) bfhz;ly; fhw;W Fwpg;g[ tiuf.
fpHf;fpypUe;J tPRk; fhw;W bfhz;ly; fhw;W.
kiHiaj; jUtjhy; kiHf;fhw;W vd;Wk; miHf;fg;gLfpwJ.
,ay; 2 X
5. nkw;Ff; fhw;W Fwpg;g[ tiuf. (my;yJ) Flf;F fhw;W Fwpg;g[ tiuf.

nkw;fpypUe;J mjpf typiknahL tPRk;.

twz;l epyg;gFjpapypUe;J tPRtjhy; btg;gf;fhw;W my;yJ nfhilf;fhw;W vd
miHf;fg;gLfpwJ.
6. thilf;fhw;W Fwpg;g[ tiuf.
tlf;fpypUe;J tPRk; fhw;W thilf;fhw;W.
gdpg;gFjpapypUe;J tPRtjhy; Fsph;r;rpahd Cijf;fhw;W vdt[k; miHf;fg;gLfpwJ.
7. bjd;wy; fhw;W Fwpg;g[ tiuf.
bjw;fpypUe;J tPRk; fhw;W bjd;wy; fhw;W.
kuk;/ bro/ bfho/ MW/ kiy/ gs;sj;jhf;F vdg;gy jilfisj; jhz;o tUtjhy;
ntfk; Fiwe;J ,jkhd fhw;iwj; jUfpwJ.
8. ehw;wpirapd; bgah;fisa[k; mtw;wpd; ntW bgah;fisa[k; vGJ.
jpirfs; ntW bgah;fs;
fpHf;F ? Fzf;F
nkw;F ? Flf;F
tlf;F ? thil
bjw;F ? bjd;wy;
9. fhw;W Fwpj;J rpyg;gjpfhuj;jpy; ,s=;nfhtofs; Twpa bra;jp ahJ>
bjd;wy; fhw;W gytpj kyh;fspd; eWkzj;ij ms;sp tUfpwJ" Tlnt tz;Lfisa[k;
miHj;J tUfpwJ vd ,s=;nfhtofs; Twpa[s;shh;.
10. ,Utifg; gUtf;fhw;Wfs; ahit>
bjd;nkw;Fg; gUtf;fhw;W/ tlfpHf;Fg; gUtf;fhw;W.
11. bjd;nkw;Fg; gUtf;fhw;W Fwpg;g[ tiuf.
$%d; Kjy; brg;lk;gh; tiu bjd;nkw;Fg; gUtf;fhw;Wf; fhyk;.
,it kiHg;bghHptpidj; jUfpd;wd.

,e;jpahtpw;Fj; njitahd vGgJ tpGf;fhL kiHapid ,g;gUtf;fhw;W @yk;
bgWfpnwhk;.
12. fhw;W khriltjpdhy; Vw;gLk; neha;fs; ahit>
fz; vhpr;ry;/ jiytyp/ bjhz;ilf;fl;L/ fha;r;ry;/ EiuaPuy; g[w;Wneha;/ ,isg;g[ neha;/
@is tsh;r;rp Fiwt[.
13. Xnrhd; glyj;jpd; gad;fisf; TW.
fjputdplkpUe;J btsptUk; g[wCjhf; fjph;fisj; jLf;fpwJ.
g[tpiag; nghh;it nghyr; Rw;wp fjputdpd; btg;gj;ijf; Fiwj;Jf; bfhLf;fpwJ.
www.nammakalvi.org
14. Xnrhd; glyj;jpy; cUthd Xl;ilapdhy; Vw;glf;Toa jPikfs; ahit>

g[wCjhf; fjph;fs; neuoahf caphpd=;fisj; jhf;Ftjhy; kpFe;j Jd;gj;ij caphpd=;fs;
milfpd;wd.
fz;fSk; njhYk; ghjpg;gilfpd;wd.
15. mkpy kiH vt;thW bga;fpwJ>
fhw;wpy; fye;JtpLk; fe;jf il Mf;irL/ iel;u$d; il Mf;irL Mfpait kiH
bga;a[k; nghJ ePhpy; fiue;J mkpy kiHahfg; bga;fpwJ.
16. mkpy kiHapdhy; Vw;glf;Toa jPikfs; ahit>
kz;/ ePh;/ fl;ll=;fs;/ fhLfs;/ ePh;thH; caphpd=;fs; kpFe;j Jd;gj;jpw;Fs;shfpd;wd.
17. Fnshnuh g[nshnuh fhh;gd; Fwpg;g[ tiuf.
Fsph;g;gjdg; bgl;oapypUe;J btsptUk; er;Rf;fhw;W Fnshnuh g[nshnuh fhh;gd;.
Fnshnuh g[nshnuh fhh;gdpd; xU @yf;TW/ xU ,yl;rk; Xnrhd; @yf;TWfisr;
rpijj;JtpLk;.
18. fhw;W khriljiyj; jtph;f;Fk; tHpfisf; TWf.
nkk;gl;l Fg;ig nkyhz;ikia nkw;bfhs;Sjy;.
bghJg; nghf;Ftuj;Jf;F Kd;Dhpik mspj;jy;.
kpd;dhw;wyhy; ,a=;Fk; Ch;jpfis kpFjpahfg; gad;gLj;Jjy;.
g[ij tot vhpbghUl;fisj; (fr;rh vz;bza;/ epyf;fhp) jtph;;j;jy;.
rikaYf;F tpwFfisg; gad;gLj;jhik.
19. \pg;ghy!; gUtf;fhw;wpd; gad;fisf; TW.
g[jpa fly;tHp Vw;glf; fhuzkhdJ.
fpnuf;fk; ? Krpwpf;F tpiuthd fly; gazk;.
atdf; fly; tzpfk; bgUfpaJ.
20. gUtf;fhw;W vt;thW cUthfpwJ>
fjputdpd; btg;gj;jhy; mlh;j;jp Fiwe;J nkny bry;Yk; fhw;whdJ m=;F Vw;gl;l

btw;wplj;ij epug;gp gUtf;fhw;whfpwJ.
21. fhw;whiyapd; gad;fisf; TW.
kpd;dhw;wiy cw;gj;jp bra;jy;.
epyf;fhpapd; njit Fiwj;J fdpk tsk; ghJfhf;fg;gly;.
22. fhw;wpd; ntfj;ijf; Fwpg;gpLk; ghly; thpfisa[k; mtw;iw ,aw;wpa Mrphpah; bgaiua[k;
Fwpg;gpLf.
ghly; thp Mrphpah; bgah;
tsp kpfpd; typ ,y;iy (g[wk; 51) Ia{h; Kltdhh;
fL=;fhw;W kziyf; bfhz;L te;J nrh;f;fpwJ (g[wk; 55) ,sehfdhh;
,ay; 2 X
23. ,s=;nfhtofs; jhk; ,aw;wpa rpyg;gjpfhuj;jpy; bjd;wiy vt;thW eak;gl ciuf;fpwhh;>

bjd;wyhdJ gytpj kyh;fspd; eWkzj;ij ms;sp tUfpwJ.
mt;thW tUk;nghJ Tlnt tz;Lfisa[k; miHj;J tUfpwJ.
rpWtpdh
1. \pg;ghy!; gUtf;fhw;W Fwpg;g[ tiuf.
fp.gp. Kjy; E}w;whz;oy; thH;e;j fpnuf;f khYkp \pg;ghy!;.
,th; gUtf;fhw;wpd; cjtpahy; Krpwpj; JiwKfj;jpw;Fg; g[jpa tHpiaf; fz;Lgpoj;jhh;.
tpiuthd gazj;jpw;F ,g;g[jpa tHp cjtpajhy; atdf; fg;gy;fs; nruh;fspd; Krpwpj;
JiwKfj;jpw;F mjpfkhf te;jd. (fpnuf;fUk; cnuhkhdpaUk; atdh; Mth;)
atdh; ,g;gUtf;fhw;wpw;F mijf; fz;Lgpoj;j \pg;ghy!; bgaiuna Nl;odh;.
2. gUtf;fhw;wpd; tiffisf; Twp tpsf;Ff.
fjputdpd; btg;gj;jhy; Nlhfp mlh;j;jp Fiwe;J nkny bry;Yk; fhw;W m=;Fs;s
btw;wplj;ij epug;gp gUtf;fhw;whfpwJ.
gUtf;fhw;wpd; tiffs; :
bjd;nkw;Fg; gUtf;fhw;W/ tlfpHf;Fg; gUtf;fhw;W vd ,U tifg;gLk;.
bjd;nkw;Fg; gUtf;fhw;W :
$%d; Kjy; brg;lk;gh; tiu tPRk;.
,e;jpahtpw;Fj; njitahd vGgJ tpGf;fhL kiHastpidj; jUfpwJ.
tlf;fpHf;Fg; gUtf;fhw;W :
mf;nlhgh; Kjy; ork;gh; tiu tPRk;.
,e;jpahtpd; KJbfYk;ghd ntshz;ik rpwf;fpwJ.
ehL czt[ cw;gj;jpapy; jd;dpiwt[ bgw cjt[fpwJ.
3. fhw;wpd; gad;fs; ahit>
caph;tsp je;J caph;fisf; fhf;fpwJ.
jhtu=;fs; xspr;nrh;f;if @yk; czit cw;gj;jp bra;a cjt[fpwJ.
tpijfis gy ,l=;fSf;Fg; gug;g[fpwJ.
caph;r; r=;fpypj; bjhlh; mWglhjpUf;f cjt[fpwJ.
etPd bjhiyj;bjhlh;gpd; ikakhf tps=;FfpwJ.
fhw;whiy @yk; kpd;dhw;wiyg; bgWfpnwhk;.
4. fhw;W Fwpj;J ,yf;fpaj;jpy; brhy;yg;gl;l bra;jpfs; ahit>
bjd;wyhdJ kyh;fspd; eWkzj;ij ms;sp tUk; nghJ tz;Lfisa[k; miHj;J
tUfpwJ vd;W rpyg;gjpfhuj;jpy; ,s=;nfhtofs; ciuj;Js;shh;.
gygl;lilr; brhf;fehjg; g[yth; ,aw;wpa gj;kfphpehjh; bjd;wy; tpL J}Jtpy; ``jkpGk;
Fsph;r;rpahd bghUie ejpa[k; nrUk; bre;jkpH; kiyapd; gpd; njhd;wpa bjd;wny~~
vd;W bgz;bzhUj;jp bjd;wiy J}J bry;tjw;fhf miHf;fpwhs;.
r=;ffhyg; bgz; g[yth; btz;zpf;Faj;jpahh; fhpfhy bgUtsj;jhidg; g[fH;e;J ghoa

ghlypy; `tsp~ vdf; Fwpg;gpl;L rpwg;gpj;Js;shh;.
fw;git fw;wgpd; gf;fk;: 30

1. fhw;W ngRtijg; nghy epyk; ngRtjhf vz;zpf; bfhz;L ngRf.
ehd;jhd; epyk; :
ehd; c=;fs; fhyofshy; kpjpgl;l nghJk; tUe;jhky; kfpH;r;rp milfpnwd;. Mdhy;
kdpjh;fs; vdf;F vjpuhf bra;a[k; bray;fis vz;zp kpFe;j ntjidailfpnwd;.
ehd;jhd; epyk; ngRfpnwd;.
vd;idf; fhg;ghw;W=;fs; :
kdpjh;fns- befpHpg;igfis cgnahfpg;gij epWj;J=;fs;. bjhHpw;rhiyf;
fHpt[fisg; ghJfhg;ghd Kiwapy; mg;g[wg;gLj;J=;fs;. Fg;igfisf; Fg;igj;
bjhl;ofspy; nghL=;fs;. tptrhaj;jpw;Fj; bjhG cu=;fisg; gad;gLj;J=;fs;.
,r;bray;fisr; bra;jhy; kl;Lnk vd;idf; fhg;ghw;w Koa[k;. ehd; eykha; ,Ue;jhy;
kl;Lnk c=;fshy; eykha; thH Koa[k;. kdpjh;fns rpe;jpa[=;fs;/ bray;gL=;fs;.
2. 17Mk; E}w;whz;oy; bts;isg; gsp=;Ff; fw;fshy; fl;lg;gl;L ,d;W cyf tpe;ijahfj;
jpfGk; jh$;kfhy;/ ,d;wstpy; k+;rs;/ gGg;g[ vd epwk; khwpf; fhl;rpaspg;gjd;
fhuz=;fisa[k; jPh;t[fisa[k; fye;JiuahLf.
egh; 1: bts;isg; gsp=;Ff; fw;fshy; fl;lg;gl;L ,d;W cyf tpe;ijahfj; jpfGk;
jh$;kfhy;/ ,d;wstpy; k+;rs;/ gGg;g[ vd; epwk; khwpf; fhl;rpaspg;gjd; fhuzk;
vd;d>
egh; 2:
Mf;uhtpy; jh$;kfhiyr; Rw;wpa[s;s njhy; bjhHpw;rhiy kw;Wk; vz;bza;
bjhHpw;rhiyfspypUe;J btsp tUk; ry;gh; il Mf;i!L/ iel;u$d; il
Mf;i!L kw;Wk; fhh;gd; nkhdhf;irL Mfpa jP=;F tpisf;Fk; er;R tha[f;fs;
fhw;wpy; fye;J gut[tjhy; mit bts;isg; gsp=;Ff; fw;fspd; kPJ gl;L
mtw;wpd; epwj;ija[k; jd;ikiaa[k; khw;WfpwJ.
egh; 1: ,jw;fhd jPh;t[jhd; vd;d>
egh; 2: vy;.gp.$p. tha[ cUisfis kl;Lnk gad;gLj;j ntz;Lk;. epyf;fhp kw;Wk;
fr;rh vz;bza; bghUl;fis vhpf;ff; TlhJ vd;W 1995 Mk; Mz;oy; muR xU
rl;lk; ,aw;wpaJ. mjd;go jh$;kfhiyr; Rw;wpa[s;s Fwpg;gpl;l gFjpfs; ,d;W
tiu ,r;rl;lj;ij kjpj;J tUfpd;wd. Mfntjhd; mit nkYk; nrjkilahky;
fhf;fg;gl;L tUfpwJ.

www.nammakalvi.org
,ay; 2 X
,ay; ,aw;if ftpijg; ngiH
fhw;nw th-
2 ghujpahh;
ghlE}y; tpdhf;fs;
gyt[s; bjhpf
1. ``cdf;Fg; ghl;Lfs; ghLfpnwhk;

cdf;Fg; g[fH;r;rpfs; TWfpnwhk;~~
? ghujpapd; ,t;tofspy; ,lk; bgw;Ws;s ea=;fs; ahit>
m) cUtfk;/ vJif M) nkhid/ vJif
,) Kuz;/ ,iag[ <) ctik/ vJif [tpil: M]
FWtpdh
1. trd ftpij ? Fwpg;g[ tiuf.

ciueila[k; ftpija[k; ,ize;J ahg;g[f; fl;LfSf;F mg;ghw;gl;L cUthf;fg;gLk;.
rhd;W :
,t; t[yfk; ,dpaJ/ ,jpYs;s thd; ,dpik
a[ilaJ fhw;Wk; ,dpJ ? ghujpahh;
TLjy; tpdhf;fs;
gyt[s; bjhpf
1. fPH;f;fhz;gdtw;Ws; bghUe;jhj ,iziaf; fz;Lgpo.

m) kaYWj;J ? ka=;fr;bra;
M) g;uhz ? u!k; ? caph;tsp
,) yaj;Jld; ? rPuhf
<) thrid ? kdk; [tpil: <]
2. bghUj;jpf; fhl;Lf.
1. gh+;rhyp rgjk; ? FHe;ijfSf;fhd ePjpg;ghly;
2. Rnjrkpj;jpud; ? ghuhl;Lg; bgah;
3. g[jpa Mj;jpr;No ? ,jH;
4. rpe;Jf;Fj; je;ij ? fhtpak;
m) 3/ 4/ 2/ 1 M) 1/ 2/ 3/ 4 ,) 4/ 3/ 1/ 2 <) 2/ 4/ 1/ 3 [tpil: ,]
3. èPL Japy; ePf;fg; ghote;j epyh~ vd;W ghuhl;lg;gl;lth;
m) ghujpahh; M) ghujpjhrd; ,) Rujh <) ftpkzp [tpil: m]
4. `rpe;Jf;Fj; je;ij~ vd;W ghuhl;lg;gl;lth;
5. nfypr; rpj;jpuk;/ fUj;Jg;glk; nghd;wtw;iw cUthf;fpath;
6. ghl;Lf;bfhU g[ytd; vd;W ghuhl;lg;bgWgth;
7. `fhw;W~ vd;Dk; jiyg;gpy; trd ftpij vGjpath;
8. ``fhw;nw/ th
kfue;jj; J}isr; Rke;J bfhz;L/
kdj;ij kaYWj;Jfpd;w ,dpa thrida[ld; th~~ ? vd;W ghoath;
9. g;uhz?u!k; vd;w brhy; czh;j;Jk; bghUs;
m) rPuhf M) mHF ,) caph;tsp <) cly;caph; [tpil: ,]
10. trd ftpijiaj; jkpHpy; mwpKfg;gLj;jpath;
m) ghujpjhrd; M) ty;ypf;fz;zd;
,) gpr;r@h;j;jp <) ghujpahh; [tpil: <]
11. `fhw;nw th~ vd;Dk; ftpijapd; Mrphpah;
m) ghujpahh; M) ghujpjhrd;
,) fz;zjhrd; <) thzpjhrd; [tpil: m]
12. fhw;W vijr; Rke;J bfhz;L tu ntz;Lbkd;W ghujp miHf;fpwhh;>
m) ftpijia M) kfue;jj;J}is ,) tpLjiyia <) kiHia [tpil: M]
13. bghUj;jpf; fhl;Lf :
i) kaYWj;J ? ka=;fr; bra;
ii) g;uhz ? u!k; ? caph;tsp
iii) yaj;Jld; ? kzk;
iv) thrid ? rPuhf
m) 1/ 2/ 4/ 3 M) 2/ 3/ 1/ 4 ,) 3/ 2/ 1/ 4 <) 2/ 1/ 3/ 4 [tpil: m]
,ay; 2 X
14. cdf;Fg; ghl;Lfs; ghLfpnwhk;

cdf;Fg; g[fH;r;rpfs; TWfpnwhk; ? Vw;g[ila ea=;fisf; fz;lwp.
i) vJif ii) nkhid iii) ,iag[ iv) me;jhjp ;
m) i, ii - rhp M) ii, iii - rhp
,) Kjy; @d;Wk; rhp <) ehd;Fk; rhp [tpil: ,]
15. M=;fpyj;jpy; Prose Poetry (Free verse) vd;wiHf;fg;l;l totj;ijj; jkpHpy; mwpKfg;
gLj;jpath;
m) ghujpjhrd; M) ghujpahh;
,) thzpjhrd; <) fz;zjhrd;; [tpil: M]
16. g[Jf;ftpij vd;w totk; cUthff; fhuzk;

m) ghujpapd; trd ftpij M) $g;ghdpahpd; i\f;T
,) tPukhKdpthpd; ciueil <) fk;ghpd; ftpeak; [tpil: m]
17. ghujpahh; Mrphpauhfg; gzpahw;wpa ,jH;fs;
i) ,e;jpah ii) Rnjrkpj;jpud; iii) vGj;J iv) fizahHp
m) i, ii - rhp M) Kjy; @d;Wk; rhp
,) ehd;Fk; rhp <) i, ii - jtW [tpil: m]
18. gf;f kiyfs; cile;J bts;sk;

gha[J gha[J gha[J ? jhk;jhpfpl
vd;w ,aw;ifbahypfis czh;t[ld; btspg;gLj;Jk; ghly;fisg; ghoath;
m) ghujpahh; M) ghujpjhrd;
,) fz;zjhrd; <) thzpjhrd; [tpil: m]
19. `,dpa thrida[ld; th~ vd;W ghujp miHj;jJ

m) fhw;W M) nkfk; ,) FHe;ij <) mUtp [tpil: m]
FWtpdh
1. ghujpahhpd; gilg;g[fs; rpytw;iwf; TW.

fz;zd; ghl;L/ Fapy; ghl;L/ ghg;gh ghl;L/ gh+;rhyp rgjk;/ g[jpa Mj;jpr;No.
2. ghujpahh; vt;thbwy;yhk; ghuhl;lg;gl;lhh;>
ePLJapy; ePf;fg; gho te;j epyh/ rpe;Jf;Fj; je;ij/ ghl;Lf;bfhU g[ytd;/ kfhftp/
fiykfs;.
3. ghujpahhpd; gd;Kf=;fs; ahit>
ftp+h;/ fl;Liuahsh;/ rpWfij/ Mrphpah;/ ,jHhrphpah;/ nfypr;rpj;jpu=;fs;/ fUj;Jg;gl=;fis
cUthf;Fgth;.
www.nammakalvi.org
4. ghujpahh; ,jHhrphpauhfg; gzpahw;wpa ,jH;fspd; bgah;fis vGJ.

,e;jpah/ Rnjrkpj;jpud;.
5. `fhw;nw th~ ghlypy; ,lk; bgw;Ws;s ,iag[r; brhw;fisf; TW.
ghLfpnwhk;/ TWfpnwhk;/ tHpgLfpd;nwhk;.
6. fhw;wplk; vjidf; bfhz;Lte;J bfhLf;FkhW ghujpahh; ntz;Lfpwhh;>
kfue;jj;J}isr; Rke;J/ kdij kaf;Fk; thrida[ld;/ ,iyfs; kw;Wk; ePuiyfs;kPJ cuha;eJ
;
kpFe;j caph;tspiaf; bfhz;L te;J bfhLf;FkhW fhw;wplk; ghujpahh; ntz;Lfpwhh;.
7. vg;go tPRkhW fhw;iwg; ghujpahh; gzpf;fpwhh;>
fhw;iw bkJthf/ ey;y Kiwapy; rPuhf/ ePz;lfhyk; epd;W tPrpf; bfhz;oUf;FkhW
ghujpahh; gzpf;fpwhh;.
8. ``cdf;Fg; ghl;Lfs; ghLfpd;nwhk;.
cdf;Fg; g[fH;r;rpfs; TWfpnwhk;
cd;id tHpgLfpd;nwhk;~~ ? vd;W ahh; ahhplk; TWfpd;whh;>
fhw;wplk;/ ghujpahh; TWfpd;whh;.
rpWtpdh
1. `fhw;nw th~ ghlypy; ghujpahh; TWk; bra;jp ahJ>

kfue;jj;J}isr; Rke;J bfhz;L kdij ka=;fr; bra;fpd;w thrida[ld; th.
,iyfspd; kPJk;/ ePuiyfspd; kPJk; cuha;e;J th.
caph;tspiaf; bfhL. Mdhy; nga;nghy; tPrp capuhfpa beUg;ig mizj;J
tplhnj.
ePoj;J epd;W ed;whf tPR/ cd; rf;jp Fiwj;J vk; capiu mtpj;J tplhnj-
ck;ik ehk; ghLfpnwhk;/ g[fH;fpnwhk;/ tHpgLfpnwhk; vd;bwy;yhk; ghujp/ `fhw;nw
th~ vd;w ghlypy; ghLfpwhh;.
``cdf;Fg; ghl;Lfs; ghLfpd;nwhk;.
cdf;Fg; g[fH;r;rpfs; TWfpnwhk;
cd;id tHpgLfpd;nwhk;~~
2. kfhftp ghujpahh; Fwpg;g[ tif.
bgah; : kfhftp Rg;;gpukzpa ghujpahh;
bgw;nwhh; : rpd;drhkp ? ,yf;Fkp mk;ikahh;
ghuhl;Lfs; : rpe;Jf;Fj; je;ij~/ `ghl;Lf;bfhU g[ytd; ghujp~
gzp : Mrphpah;/ ,jHhrphpah;/ rpWfij Mrphpah;.
gilg;g[fs; : fz;zd; ghl;L/ Fapy; ghl;L/ ghg;ghg;ghl;L/ gh+;rhyp
rgjk;/ g[jpa Mj;jpr;No.
gzpahw;wpa ,jH;fs; : ,e;jpah/ Rnjrkpj;jpud;.
,ay; 2 X
3. g[Jf;ftpij vd;w totk; cUthff; fhuzk; ahJ>

ciueila[k; ftpija[k; ,ize;J ahg;gpyf;fzj;jpw;F mg;ghw;gl;L cUthf;fg;gLk;
ftpij totk; `trd ftpij~ MFk;.
M=;fpyj;jpy; prose poetry (free verse) vd;wiHf;fg;gLk; ,t;totk; ghujpahuhy; jkpHpy;
mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ.
czh;r;rp bgh=;ff; ftpij gilf;Fk; ,l=;fspy; ahg;g[/ jilahf ,Ug;gij czh;e;j
ghujpahh; ,t;totj;ijf; ifahz;lhh;.
,e;j trd ftpijna `g[Jf;ftpij~ vd;w totk; cUthff; fhuzkhapw;W.
1. ,t;trd ftpijapy; ,lk; bgw;Ws;s ntz;Lnfhs; brhw;fSk; fl;lisr; brhw;fSk;

(thrida[ld; th/ mtpj;J tplhnj.....) ftpijapd; cl;bghUis btspg;gLj;jj; Jiz
epw;gJ Fwpj;Jg; ngR.
thrida[ld; th :
kfue;jj;J}isr; Rke;J bfhz;L kdij ka=;fr; bra;fpd;w ,dpa thrida[ld;
th vd;gjd; bghUshtJ. ,aw;ifapd; J}a kzkpf;f fhw;iwr; Rthrpf;f ntz;Lk;
vd;gnjahFk;.
koj;J tplhnj :
beUg;g[ vhpa rPuhd fhw;W mtrpak;. mjpntff; fhw;W beUg;igg; gutr; bra;J
kpFe;j nfl;il cUthf;Fk;/ kpft[k; Fiwthd ntfj;jpy; tPRk; fhw;whdJ beUg;g[ gw;wp
vhpa Koahky; beUg;g[ miztjw;Ff; fhuzkhfpwJ.
ghujp jkJ capiu beUg;g[f;F xg;gpl;Ls;shh;. fhw;whdJ rf;jp Fiiwe;J ngha;
jd; capiu mtpj;Jtplf; TlhJ vdt[k; nga; nghy tPrp jkJ capiu koj;Jtplf; TlhJ
vdt[k; cl;bghUs; bfhz;L ,t;ntz;Lnfhs; brhw;fisg; gad;gLj;jpa[s;shh;.
2. jpf;Ffs; vl;Lk; rpjwp ? jf;fj;
jPk;jhpfpl jPk;jhpfpl jPk;jhpfpl jPk;jhpfpl
gf;f kiyfs; cile;J bts;sk;
gha[J gha[J gha[J ? jhk;jhpfpl
jf;fj; jjp=;fpl jpj;njhk; ? mz;lk;
rha[J rha[J rha[J ? nga; bfhz;L
jf;if aof;FJ fhw;W ? jf;fj;
jhk;jhpfpl jhk;jhpfpl jhk;jhpfpl jhk;jhpfpl ? ghujpahh;
,J nghd;w ,aw;ifbahypfis czh;t[ld; btspg;gLj;Jk; ftpijfisj; jpul;o te;J
tFg;giwapy; goj;Jf; fhl;L.
tpil :
m) kiHna kiHna th th ? ey;y
thdg; g[dny th th ? ,t;
itaj; jKnj th th
jfug; ge;jy; jzjz vd;d
jhGk; Tiu rsrs vd;d
efug; bgz;fs; brg;g[f; Fl=;fs;
ed;bw=; Fk;fz fzfz vd;d (kiHna kiHna) ? ghujpjhrd;
M) fpYfpY fpYfp bydt[k; ; `fpf;fP~

fpf;fP bad;Wk; `nff;f/ nff;f~
`nfl;f/ nfl;f~ vdt[k;; `bfhf;bff;nf~
`Ff;Ff; Ff;Ff; Ff;Ff; Ff;Ff;
Ff;Tnt! vd;Wk;; fPr;fPr;/ fPr;rPr;~
`fpR/ fpR/ fpR~ fPr; vd;Wk;;
ù=;f/ u=;f vd;Wk;
gy;yhapu tifapdpy;
,irf;Fk; Fapy;fSk; fpspfSk;
Fyt[gy $hjpg; g[l;fSk; ,dpa g{=;Fu Yilad. ? ghujpahh;

,ay; ,aw;if ftpijg; ngiH
Ky;iyg;ghl;L
2 eg;g{jdhh;
ghlE}y; tpdhf;fs;
gyt[s; bjhpf
1. `ghL,kpH; gdpf;fly; gUfp~ vd;Dk; Ky;iyg;ghl;L mo czh;j;Jk; mwptpay; bra;jp

ahJ>
m) fly;ePh; Mtpahfp nkfkhjy; M) fly;ePh; Fsph;r;rp miljy;
,) fly;ePh; xypj;jy; <) fly;ePh; bfhe;jspj;jy; [tpil: m]
www.nammakalvi.org
,ay; 2 X
FWtpdh
1. bgw;nwhh; ntiyapypUe;J jpUk;gj; jhkjkhFk; nghJ mGk; jk;gpf;F eP=;fs; TWk; MWjy;
brhw;fis vGJf.
jk;gp mHhnj- mg;ght[k; mk;kht[k; tpiutpy; te;J tpLthh;fs;. tUk;nghJ cdf;F
tpisahl;Lg; bghUl;fis th=;fpf; bfhz;L tUthh;fs;.
2. khmy; ? bghUSk;/ ,yf;fzf; Fwpg;g[k; jUf.
bghUs; ? ngUUtk;
,yf;fzf;Fwpg;g[ ? chpr;brhy; bjhlh;
beLtpdh
1. Ky;iyg; ghl;oy; cs;s fhh;fhyr; bra;jpiaj; bjhFj;J vGJf.

kiH nkfk; :
khtyp kd;dd; ePh; thh;j;Jj; jUk;nghJ kz;Qf;Fk; tpz;Qf;Fkhfg; ngUUtk; vLj;j
jpUkhypd; cUtj;ijg; nghd;W mike;jJ bghpa kiHnkfk;.
kiHg;bghHpt[ :
bgUe;njhw;wk; bfhz;l nkfk; tykha; vGe;jJ. kiyiar; NH;e;jJ. tpiue;j ntfj;Jld;
bgU kiHiag; bghHpe;jJ.
bja;t tHpghL :
KJbgz;fs; fhtiya[ila Ch;g;gf;fk; brd;wdh;.
ahHpir nghd;W xypf;Fk; tz;Lfs; eWkzk; bfhz;l g{f;fisr; Rw;wp Muthhpf;Fk;.
kyh;e;j Ky;iyg; g{nthL ehHpast[ bey;iya[k; nrh;j;J bja;tj;jpd; Kd; J}t[th;.
bja;tj;ijj; bjhGJ jiytpf;fhf ew;brhy; nfl;L epw;gh;.
`àhHpir ,d tz;L Mh;g;g/ bey;byhL
ehHp bfhz;l/ eWtP Ky;iy~~
fd;wpd; tUj;jk; :
rpW jhk;g[f; fapw;why; fl;lg;gl;l ,s=;fd;W grpahy; thof; bfhz;oUe;jJ. mjd;
tUj;jj;ij Xh; ,ilkfs; fz;lhs;.
tUe;jhnj :
g[y;iy nka;e;j cd; jha;khiu tise;j fj;jpia cila fk;igf; bfhz;l vd; ,ilah;
,g;bghGJ Xl;o te;J tpLthh; `tUe;jhnj~ vd;whs; ,ilkfs;.
KJbgz;oh; jiytpaplk; TwpaJ :
,ilkfs; @yk; ew;brhy;iyf; nfl;nlhk;. epd; jiytd; giftiu btd;W jpiug;
bghUnshL tUtJ cWjp. kdj;jLkhw;wk; bfhs;shnj.
``,d;nd tUFth;/ jhah; vd;nghs;

ed;dh; ed;bkhHp nfl;ldk;~~
,yf;fzf; Fwpg;g[ tiuf.
@J}h; ? gz;g[j;bjhif
cWJah; ? tpidj;bjhif
ifbjhGJ ? @d;whk; ntw;Wikj; bjhif
jlf;if ? chpr;brhy; bjhlh;
ed;bkhHp ? gz;g[j;bjhif
khmy; ? chpr;brhy; bjhlh;
gFgj cWg;gpyf;fzk; jUf.
bghwpj;j = bghwp + j; +
j; + m bfhz;l = bfhs; (z;) + l; + m
bghwp ? gFjp bfhs; ? gFjp s;(z;) MdJ tpfhuk;
j; ? re;jp l;; ? ,we;jfhy ,ilepiy
j; ? ,we;jfhy ,ilepiy m ? bgabur;r tpFjp
m ? bgabur;r tpFjp
bghHpe;j = bghHp + j; (e;) + j; + m
bghHp ? gFjp
j; ? re;jp (e;) MdJ tpfhuk;
j;; ? ,we;jfhy ,ilepiy
m ? bgabur;r tpFjp
TLjy; tpdhf;fs;
gyt[s; bjhpf
1. Ky;iyg;ghl;od; bkhj;j mofs; vj;jid>
m) 101 M) 102 ,) 103 <) 104 [tpil: ,]
2. bghUe;Jk; tpil thpiriaj; njh;e;bjL.
1. bgUk; bghGJ ? khiy
2. rpW bghGJ ? bfhd;iw/ fhah
3. kuk; ? fhh;fhyk;
4. g{ ? Ky;iy/ gpltk;
m) 1/ 2/ 3/ 4 M) 2/ 3/ 1/ 4 ,) 4/ 3/ 2/ 1 <) 3/ 1/ 2/ 4 [tpil: <]
,ay; 2 X
3. Ky;iyg;ghl;L E}y; ve;j E}y; tifiar; rhh;e;jJ>

m) vl;Lj;bjhif M) gj;Jg;ghl;L
,) fPH;ff
; zf;F <) rpw;wpyf;fpak; [tpil: M]
4. Ky;iyj; jpizf;Fhpa g{ tif
m) fhe;js; M) gpltk; ,) jhiH <) ghjphp [tpil: M]
5. Ky;iyg;ghl;L ve;j fzf;F E}y;fSs; xd;W>
m) gjpbdz;nky; fzf;F M) gjpbdz;fPH;f;fzf;F
,) rpw;wpyf;fpak; <) fhg;gpak; [tpil: m]
6. gj;Jg;ghl;oy; kpff; Fiwe;j mofisf; bfhz;l E}y;
m) Fwp+;rpg;ghl;L M) Ky;iyg;ghl;L
,) gl;odg;ghiy <) jpUKUfhw;Wg;gil [tpil: M]
7. jtwhd Tw;wpidj; njh;t[ bra;f.
m) Ky;iyg;ghl;L gj;Jg;ghl;L E}y;fSs; xd;W
M) Ky;iyg;ghl;L 102 mofisf; bfhz;lJ.
,) gj;Jg;ghl;oy; kpff; Fiwe;j mofisf; bfhz;l E}y; Ky;iyg;ghl;L
<) Ky;iyj;jpiziag; gw;wpaJ Ky;iyg;ghl;L. [tpil: M]
8. bghUj;Jf.
1. nekp ? m) kiy
2. nfhL ? M) tyk;g[hp r=;F (rf;fuj;Jld; Toa)
3. tphpr;rp ? ,) njhs;
4. Rty; ? <) ew;brhy;
m) 1?M 2?m 3?< 4?, M) 1?M 2?m 3?, 4?<
,) 1?< 2?M 3?, 4?m <) 1?, 2?< 3?m 4?M [tpil: m]
9. tyk;g[hpr; r=;F bghwpj;j iffisa[ilath;
m) KUfd; M) jpUkhy; ,) khtyp kd;dd; <) ehd;Kfd; [tpil: M]
10. FWfpa totk; bfhz;L ePh;thh;j;Jj; je;jtd;
m) KUfd; M) jpUkhy; ,) khtypkd;dd; <) ehd;Kfd; [tpil: ,]
11. kz;Qf;Fk; tpz;Qf;Fkhfg; ngUUtk; vLj;J epd;wth;
m) KUfd; M) jpUkhy; ,) khtypkd;dd; <) ehd;Kfd; [tpil: M]
12. ``nfhL bfhz;L vGe;j bfhL+; bryt[ vHpyp~~
? ,t;tofspy; `nkfk;~ vd;Dk; bghUs;jUk; brhy;
m) nfhL M) bryt[ ,) vHpyp <) bfhL [tpil: ,]
13. ``bfhL=;nfhw; nfhtyh;~~ ? ,jpy; Fwpg;gplg;gLk; nfhtyh; ahh;>
m) nfhtyd; M) Fwth; ,) cHth; <) ,ilah; [tpil: <]
www.nammakalvi.org
14. Ky;iyg;ghl;L vd;Dk; E}iy ,aw;wpath;

m) fgpyh; M) kh=;Foknjdhh; ,) eg;g{jdhh; <) ef;fPuh; [tpil: ,]
15. kiHapd; rPw;wk; ,ay;g[ thH;tpy; Vw;gLj;Jk; khw;w=;fisg; glk; gpoj;Jf; fhl;LtJ vJ>
m) r=;f ,yf;fpak; M) jpUf;Fws;
,) ehyoahh; <) rpyg;gjpfhuk; [tpil: m]
16. ède;jiy cyfk;~ vd;gjpy; ède;jiy~ vd;gjd; bghUs;

m) fth;e;j M) mfd;w ,) RU=;fpa <) ,He;j [tpil: M]
17. èWtP~ vd;gjpy; `tP~ vd;gjd; bghUs;
m) kyh;fs; M) khd;fs; ,) tpz;kPd;fs; <) fz;fs; [tpil: m]
18. bghUj;jpf; fhl;Lf :

i) @J}h; - chpr;brhw;bwhlh; m) 4/ 3/ 2/ 1
ii) cWJah; - @d;whk; ntw;Wikj;bjhif M) 3/ 4/ 1/ 2
iii) ifbjhGJ - tpidj;bjhif ,) 1/ 3/ 4/ 2
iv) jlf;if - gz;g[j;bjhif <) 2/ 1/ 3/ 4 [tpil: m]
19. bghwpj;j ? gFgj cWg;gpyf;fzj;jpd;go gphpf;Fk; Kiw

m) bghwp + j; + j; + m M) bghwpj;J + m
,) bghwp + j;(e;) + j; + m <) bghwp + j; + j [tpil: m]
20. jiytpf;fhf ew;brhy; nfl;L epd;wth;fs;

m) ,sk; bgz;fs; M) Kjpa bgz;fs;
,) njhHpfs; <) rhd;nwhh; [tpil: M]
21. rpWjhk;g[f; fapw;why; fl;lg;gl;l vJ grpahy; thof; bfhz;oUe;jJ>

m) gR M) ,s=;fd;W ,) vUik <) ML [tpil: M]
22. grpahy; thof; bfhz;oUe;j ,s=;fd;wpd; tUj;jj;ijf; fz;lts;

m) Fwkfs; M) ,ilkfs; ,) jiytp <) njhHp [tpil: M]
23. ìfa bfhL=;nfhw; nfhtyh; gpd; epd;W ca;j;ju ,d;nd tUFth;/ jhah;~ vd;W ahh;
vjdplk; TwpaJ>
m) ,ilkfs; ,s=;fd;wplk; M) KJbgz;oh; gRtplk;
,) jiytd; fhisaplk; <) jiytp nkfj;jplk; [tpil: m]
24. èd;dh; ed;bkhHp nfl;ldk;~ ? ahh; ahhplk; TwpaJ>

m) KJbgz;fs; jiytpaplk; TwpaJ M) jiytp KJbgz;fsplk; TwpaJ
,) njhHp jiytpaplk; TwpaJ <) jiytp jiytdplk; TwpaJ [tpil: m]
,ay; 2 X
25. ghlg;gFjpapy; ,lk;bgw;Ws;s Ky;iyg;ghl;od; mofs;

m) 1 ? 17 M) 17 ? 25 ,) 4 ? 16 <) 5 ? 20 [tpil: m]
26. Ky;iyapd; epyk;

m) fhL fhL rhh;e;j ,lk; M) kiy kiy rhh;e;j ,lk;
,) tay; tay; rhh;e;j ,lk; <) fly; fly; rhh;e;j ,lk; [tpil: m]
27. ,Uj;jYk; ,Uj;jy; epkpj;jKk; (fhj;jpUj;jy;) ve;epyj;Jf;Fhpa chpg;bghUs;

m) Fwp+;rp M) Ky;iy ,) kUjk; <) ghiy [tpil: M]
28. fhh;fhyj;Jf;Fhpa khj=;fs;
m) ij/ khrp M) g=;Fdp/ rpj;jpiu
,) Mtzp/ g[ul;lhrp <) fhh;j;jpif/ khh;fHp [tpil: ,]
29. eg;g{jdhhpd; je;ij
m) bghd;Koahh; M) bghd;tzpfdhh;
,) khrhj;Jthzpfdhh; <) khzpf;fehadhh; [tpil: M]
30. bghd;tzpfdhhpd; Ch;
m) ciwa{h; M) kJiu
,) fhtphpg;g{k;gl;odk; <) Fw;whyk; [tpil: ,]
FWtpdh
1. Ky;iyg;ghl;L E}y; Fwpg;g[ tiuf.

gj;Jg;ghl;L E}y;fSs; xd;W.
mofspd; vz;zpf;if 103
Mrphpag;ghthy; ,aw;wg;gl;lJ.
Ky;iy epyj;ijg; gw;wpg; ghlg;gl;lJ.
gj;Jg;ghl;oy; kpff; Fiwe;j mofisf; bfhz;l E}y;.
2. eg;g{jdhh; Fwpg;g[ tiuf.
Ky;iyg;ghl;ilg; ghoath;.
fhtphpg;g{k;gl;odj;Jg; bghd;tzpfuJ kfdhthh;.
3. tphpr;rp nfl;ly; vd;why; vd;d>
VnjDk; xU bray; ed;whf Koa[nkh> Koahnjh> vd Iak; bfhz;l bgz;fs;/ kf;fs;
elkhl;lk; Fiwthd Ch;g;gf;fj;jpy; ngha;/ bja;tj;ijj; bjhGJ epw;gh;.
mayhh; ngRk; brhy;iyf; Th;e;J nfl;gh;.
mth;fs; ey;y brhy;iyf; Twpd; jk; bray; ed;ikapy; Koa[k;.
jPa bkhHpiaf; Twpd; jk; bray; jPajha; Koa[k; vd;W vz;Qth;.
4. ,s=;fd;W tUe;jf; fhuzk; ahJ>

rpW jhk;g[f; fapw;why; fl;lg;gl;l ,s=;fd;W grpahy; thof; bfhz;oUe;jJ.
5. ,s=;fd;wpd; tUj;jj;ijg; nghf;f ,ilkfs; Twpa bra;jp ahJ>
g[y;iy nka;e;j cd; jha;khiu tise;j fj;jpia cila fk;igf; bfhz;l vk; ,ilah;
,g;nghJ Xl;o te;JtpLth; ? tUe;jhnj.
6. jiytpia KJbgz;oh; vt;thW Mw;Wg;gLj;jpdh;>
epd; jiytd; giftiu btd;W jpiug;bghUnshL tUthd;.
jiytpna! kdj;jLkhw;wk; bfhs;shnj.
7. Ky;iyg;ghl;oy; jpUkhy; Fwpj;J Twg;gl;l bra;jp ahJ>
tyk;g[hpr;r=;F bghwpj;j iffis cilatd; jpUkhy;.
FWfpa totk; vLj;jtd;.

khtyp kd;dd; ePh; thh;j;Jj; jUk;nghJ kz;Qf;Fk; tpz;Qf;Fkhfg; ngUUtk;
vLj;jtd;.
8. kiHg;bghHpt[ Fwpj;J Ky;iyg; ghl;oy; Twg;gl;Ls;s bra;jp ahJ>
xypf;Fk; flypd; Fsph;ePiug; gUfp bgUe; njhw;wk; bfhz;lJ nkfk;.
mk;nkfkhdJ tykha; vGe;jJ.
kiyiar; NH;e;jJ.
tpiue;j ntfj;Jld; bgUkiHiag; bghHpe;jJ.
9. Kjpa bgz;fs; (KJbgz;oh;) bja;tj;ij vt;thW bjhGJ epd;wdh;.
Ky;iyg; g{f;fnshL ehHp mst[ bey;iya[k; nrh;j;J bja;tj;jpd; Kd; J}tpdh;.
bja;tj;ijj; bjhGJ jiytpf;fhf ew;brhy; nfl;L epd;wdh;.
10. bghGJ vj;jid tifg;gLk;> mit ahit>
bghGJ ,uz;L tifg;gLk;. mit: bgUk; bghGJ/ rpW bghGJ
11. Ky;iy epyj;jpw;Fhpa bghGJfs; vit>
bgUk;bghGJ ? fhh;fhyk; (Mtzp g[ul;lhrp)
rpW bghGJ ? khiy
12. Ky;iyg;ghl;oy; ,lk; bgw;Ws;s fUg;bghUisf; TWf.
ePh; ? FW+;Rid ePh;/ fhl;lhW
kuk; ? bfhd;iw/ fhah/ FUe;jk;
g{ ? Ky;iy/ gpltk;/ njhd;wpg;g{
www.nammakalvi.org
,ay; 2 X
rpWtpdh

1. Ky;iyg;ghl;L Fwpg;gpLk; khiyf;fhy bra;jp ahJ>
Jd;gj;ijj; jUfpd;w khiyg; bghGjpy; Kjpa bgz;fs; fhtiya[ila Ch;g;gf;fk;
brd;wdh;. ahHpir nghd;W xypf;Fk; tz;Lfs; NH;e;J Muthhpf;Fk; eWkzk; bfhz;l
mUk;g[fs;. kyh;e;j Ky;iyg; g{f;fnshL ehHpast[ bey;iya[k; nrh;j;Jj; bja;tj;jpd; Kd;
J}t[th;. bja;tj;ijj; bjhGJ jiytpf;fhf ew;brhy; nfl;L epw;gh;.
2. KJbgz;oh; tphpr;rp nfl;L jiytpf;Ff; Twpa bra;jp ahJ>
,s=;fd;wpd; grp :
rpW jhk;g[f; fapw;why; fl;lg;gl;l ,s=;fd;W grpahy; thof;bfhz;oUe;jJ.
mjd; tUj;jj;ij Xh; ,ilkfs; fz;lhs;.
g[y;iy nka;e;j cd; jhahiu tise;j fj;jpa[ila fk;igf; bfhz;l vk; ,ilah;
,g;nghJ Xl;o te;JtpLth; tUe;jhnj vd;whs; ,ilkfs;.
ew;brhy;iyf; nfl;nlhk; :
,ilkfsJ ew;brhy;iy eh=;fs; nfl;nlhk;.
jiytd; jpiwg;bghUnshL tUtJ cWjp.
3. kiH nkfk; ? kiHg; bghHpt[ Fwpj;J Ky;iyg;ghl;L vt;thW tUzpj;Js;sJ>
kiH nkfk;:
tyk;g[hpr; r=;F bghwpj;j iffisa[ilatd; jpUkhy;.

khtyp kd;dd; ePh; thh;j;Jj; jUk;nghJ tpz;Qf;Fk; kz;Qf;Fkha; ngUUtk;
vLj;jtd; jpUkhy;.
mg;ngUUtj;ijg; nghd;Ws;sJ kiH nkfk;.
kiHg; bghHpt[ :
ngUUtk; bfhz;l nkfkhdJ tykha; vGe;jJ.
kiyiar; NH;e;jJ.
tpiue;j ntfj;Jld; bgUkiHiag; bghHpe;jJ.
4. Ky;iyg;ghl;L ghlypy; ,lk; bgw;Ws;s Kjy;/ fU/ chpg;bghUs;fis vGJ.
jpiz epyk; rpWbghGJ bgUk;bghGJ
Ky;iy fhLk; fhL rhh;e;j epyKk; khiy fhh; fhyk;
fUg;bghUs; chpg;bghUs;
ePh; kuk; g{ ,Uj;jy; ,Uj;jy;
FW+;Rid ePh;/ bfhd;iw/ fhah/ Ky;iy/ gpltk; epkpj;jKk;
fhl;lhW. FUe;jk;. njhd;wp.
1. Ky;iyg;ghl;od; fhl;rpfspypUe;J r=;ffhy kf;fspd; thH;f;ifr; NHiy czu Kofpwjh>

c=;fspd; fUj;Jfisg; gjpt[ bra;f.
kf;fs; gpwUf;F Vw;gl;l Jd;gj;ijj; jdf;F Vw;gl;l Jd;gkhfnt fUjpapUf;fpd;wdh;.
kdpjh;fSila Jd;g=;fs; kl;Lkpd;wp mBwpiz caphpd=;fspd; Jd;g=;fisa[k;
ePf;f Kw;gl;oUf;fpd;wdh;.
bja;t ek;gpf;if cilath;fs;.
tphpr;rp nfl;lypy; ek;gpf;if cilath;fs;.
xUtiubahUth; Mw;Wg;gLj;jp kfpH;e;jpUf;fpd;wdh;.
2. Fwpg;g[fisf; bfhz;L Mh;t@l;Lk; tifapy; fij ' epfH;it vGJ.
mikjp ? tdk; ? kdj;ijj; bjhl;lJ ? bfh+;rk; mr;rk; ? Mdhy; gpoj;jpUe;jJ
? ,utpy; tPl;od; mikjpiatpl ? tdj;jpd; mikjp ? g[Jik ? fhy;fs; jiuapy; ?
,iyfspd; ryryg;g[ ? gwitfs; ku=;fspd; nky; ? rpwfog;g[ ? mUfpy; jpUk;gpat[ld; ?
jpObud Muthu Xir ? jz;zPhpd; Xl;lk; ? mHfhd MW ? cUz;l rpW THh=;fw;fs; ?
,aw;ifapd; fz;fhl;rp.
,aw;ifapd; fz;fhl;rp
mikjpahd tdk; :
mlh;e;j ku=;fisf; bfhz;l gRik kpFe;j mikjp epiwe;j tdj;jpw;Fr; brd;nwd;.
tdj;jhtu=;fs; kw;Wk; kyh;fspd; eWkzk; vd; kdijj; bjhl;lJ. mr;NH;epiy kpft[k;
gpoj;jpUe;jJ. ,utpy; tPl;oy; ,Uf;Fk; mikjpiatpl tdj;jpd; mikjp vd;id kpft[k;
fth;e;jJ.
fhl;Laphpfs; :
g[Jikahd Xh; mDgtj;ijg; bgw;nwd;. vd; fhy;fs; jiuapy; Cd;wpapUg;gjha;j;
bjhpatpy;iy. ,iyfspd; ryryg;g[ nfl;L Xir te;j jpir nehf;fpj; jpUk;gpndd;.
ku=;fspd; nkypUe;j gwitfs; j=;fs; rpwFfis moj;J nrhk;giyg; nghf;fpf;
bfhz;oUe;jd;.
Muthu Xir :
jpObud Vw;gl;l Muthu Xiriaf; nfl;L jpUk;gpg; ghh;j;njd;. Fu=;Ffs; jz;zPhpd;
Xl;lj;jpy; j=;fs; Kf=;fspd; mHiff; fz;L Muthuk; bra;J bfhz;oUe;jd.
mHfhd MW :
bjspthd ePnuhilapd; cs;ns/ cUz;il totpy; rpW THh=;fw;fs; ghh;g;gjw;F
tpiya[ah;e;j fw;fisg; nghyt[k;/ fz;zhoahy; bra;ag;gl;l cUz;ilfs; nghyt[k;
njhw;wkspj;jd. ,j;jifa ,aw;ifapd; fz;fhl;rp vd; kdij tpl;L mfytpy;iy.

,ay; 2 X
,ay; ,aw;if tphpthdk;
g[aypny xU njhzp
2 g. rp=;fhuk;
ghlE}y; tpdhf;fs;
rpWtpdh
1. kiH epd;wt[ld; g[yg;gLk; fhl;rpia tUzpj;J vGJf.
Fwpg;g[ : ,iyfspy; brhl;Lk; ePh; ? clypy; XLk; bky;ypa Fsph; ? nj=;fpa Fl;ilapy;
`rsg; jsg;~ vd;W Fjpf;Fk; FHe;ijfs; ? XLk; ePhpy; fhfpjf; fg;gy;.
n
jdilapypUe; J tpGk; njd; Jspiag; nghy rpy kzpj;JspfSf;F xU Kiw ePh;
~brhl; brhl;~ vd tpGe;jJ.
tpUk;gj;jf;f bjd;wiyg; nghyt[k; kapypwfpd; tUly; nghyt[k; bky;ypa Fsph;
clypy; XLk;.
ePh; cs;s jlhfj;jpny gy tifahd kPd;fSk; jtisfSk; jhtpf;Fjpf;Fk; nghJ
Vw;gLk; Xiria xj;j `rsg; jsg;~ vd;w rj;jj;Jld; nj=;fpf; fple;j ePh;f; Fl;ilapy;
FHe;ijfs; Fjpj;J tpisaho kfpH;e;jdh;.
mikjpahd ePnuhl;lk; bfhz;l ejpahdJ ,Gj;J tUk; rpWrpW fl;il kw;Wk; ,ju
bghUl;fs; nghy FHe;ijfs; XLk; ePhpy; fhfpjf; fg;gy;fis tpl;L kfpH;e;jdh;.
beLtpdh
1. g[aypny xU njhzp fijapy; ,lk;bgw;Ws;s tUzidfSk; mLf;Fj; bjhlh;fSk;

xypf;Fwpg;g[r; brhw;fSk; g[aypy; njhzp gLk;ghl;il vt;thW tpthpf;fpd;wd>
tUzid:
bfhSj;Jk; btapy; ,ik neuj;jpy; kiwe;jJ.
nkf=;fs; bghjpe;J Fk;kpUl;lha; MfpaJ.
fhw;iwf; fhnzhk; xnu ,Wf;fk;
,oKHf;fj;Jld; kpd;dy; fPw;W thidg; gpse;jJ.
thdk; cile;jd. bts;sk; bfhl;oaJ.
Nwhtsp Mof;Fjpj;J bff;fypj;jd.
thDld; fly; fye;Jtpl;lJ. kiH bjhpatpy;iy.
jpLbkd mikjp. thDk; flYk; gphpe;J bjd;gl;ld.
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thDk; flYk;/ tspa[k; kiHa[k; kPz;Lk; xd;W nrh;e;J Tf;Fuy; ,l;lJ.

thd; gpse;J jP ff;fpaJ.
tsp Kl;og; g[ul;LfpwJ/ fly;btspf; Tj;jhoaJ.
mLf;Fj; bjhlh;fs; :
bjh=;fhd; eLeL=;fpj; jhtp jhtpf; Fjp Fjpj;jJ.
bjh=;fhd; Fjpj;J tpGe;J behWbehW vd;W behW=;fpd. RHd;W fpWfpWj;Jf;
Tj;jhoaJ.
xypf; Fwpg;g[r; brhw;fs;:
bjh=;fhd; jhtp tpGe;J/ RHy;fpwJ.
rpYrpY kukug;g[g; b=ha;=; g[a;t;/ b=ha;=;/ g[a;=; vd ,o KHf;f rPdg; gprhRfs; jhtp
tPRfpd;wJ.
,j;jifa tUiznahLk;/ mLf;Fj; bjhlh;fs;/ xypf;Fwpg;g[r; brhw;fs; g[aypy; njhzp
gLk;ghl;il `mHfha;~ tpthpf;fpd;wd.
TLjy; tpdhf;fs;
gyt[s; bjhpf
1. g[aypny xU njhzp vd;gJ

m) rpWfij M) g[jpdk; ,) fhg;gpak; <) ftpij [tpil: M]
2. `g[aypny xU njhzp~ vd;Dk; g[jpdj;jpd; Mrphpah;
m) g. rp=;fhuk; M) K.t. ,) jpU.tp.f. <) mfpyd; [tpil: m]
3.
tl,e;jpag; bgU=;flypy; cUthFk; g[ay;fSf;Fg; bgah; itf;Fk; eilKiw
bjhl=;fg;gl;l Mz;L
m) 2004 M) 2000 ,) 1999 <) 1940 [tpil: M]
4. ,y=;if je;j g[aypd; bgah;

m) mf;dp M) Mfh&; ,) f$h <) $y; [tpil: ,]
5. `fg;gpj;jhd;~ vd;gJ Fwpg;gJ vijf; Fwpf;fpwJ>
m) jiyik khYkp M) fg;gy; ,) g[ay; <) gazp [tpil: m]
6. `bjh=;fhd;~ vd;gJ Fwpg;gJ vijf; Fwpf;fpwJ>
m) jiyik khYkp M) fg;gy; ,) g[ay; <) gazp [tpil: M]
7. g[yk;bgah;e;j jkpHh;fisg; gw;wpa Kjy; g[jpdk;
m) g[aypny xU njhzp M) njhzp tUfpwJ
,) fs;sj; njhzp <) mfy;tpsf;F [tpil: m]
,ay; 2 X
11. bjd;fpHf;fhrpag; nghh; @z;ljpy; knyrpah/ ,e;njhndrpah gFjpfspy; epfH;tjhf cs;s

fw;gidg; gilg;g[
m) Mwhk; jpiz M) g[aypny xU njhzp
,) ghy; kuf;fhl;odpny <) ,tw;wpy; vJt[kpy;iy [tpil: M]
12. g[aypny xU njhzp vd;Dk; g[jpdj;jpd; _______ vd;Dk; mj;jpahaj;jpd; RUf;fg;gl;l

gFjp ghlkhf itf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
m) fhtpaf;Tj;J M) fiyf;Tj;J ,) flw;Tj;J <) ,irf;Tj;J [tpil: ,]
13. gh. rp=;fhuj;jpd; Ch; _______ khtl;lk; _______
m) rp=;fk;g[zhp/ rptf=;if M) ciwa{h;/ jpUr;rp
,) nkl;Lg;g[J}h;/ <nuhL <) bjd;fhrp/ jpUbey;ntyp [tpil: m]
14. g. rp=;fhuk; _______ ,e;njhndrpah brd;whh;.
m) ntiyf;fhf M) J}juhf ,) Ma;thsuhf <) mfjpahf [tpil: m]
15. g. rp=;fhuk; gzpahw;wpa ,jH;
m) jpdfud; M) jpdkzp ,) jpde;je;jp <) jpdg{kp [tpil: ,]
16. g. rp=;fhuj;jpd; nrkpg;ghd ________ ,yl;rk; qghia khzth;fspd; fy;tp tsh;r;rpf;fhf
tH=;fpdhh;.
m) VHiu M) Mwiu ,) ehd;fiu <) gj;J [tpil: m]
17. `gy; gHg; gytpd; ga=;bfG bfhy;yp~ vd;W Fwpg;gpLk; E}y;

m) g[wehD}W M) mfehD}W ,) fypj;bjhif <) ehyoahh; [tpil: M]
18. bfhy;ypkiy mike;Js;s khtl;lk;
m) jh;kg[hp M) nryk; ,) ehkf;fy; ; f;fy; [tpil: ,]
<) jpzL
19. g[aypd; bgah;fs; vtw;iw nkw;bfhs;tjw;F cjt[fpd;wd.
i) g[aYf;F Kd;g[ nguHpt[ gw;wpa tpHpg;g[zh;t[/ jahhpg;g[.
ii) nghplh; nkyhz;ik
iii) ghjpg;g[f; Fiwg;g[ eltof;iffs;
m) @d;Wk; rhp M) i, ii - rhp
,) iii - rhp <) @d;Wk; jtW [tpil: m]
20. g[Jjpy;ypapy; cs;s cyf thdpiy mikg;gpd; kz;lyk; rpwg;g[ thdpiy Ma;t[ikak;
2004 brg;lk;ghpy; ,Ue;J g[ay;fSf;Fg; bgah; itf;f ________ bgah;fisg;
gl;oaypl;Ls;sJ.
m) 62 M) 64 ,) 60 <) 54 [tpil: M]
21. `f$h~ g[aypd; bgaiuj; je;j ehL

m) ,e;jpah M) ,y=;if ,) Xkd; <) kpahd;kh; [tpil: m]
22. `bga;l;o~ g[aypd; bgaiuj; je;j ehL

m) ,e;jpah M) ,y=;if ,) Xkd; <) jha;yhe;J [tpil: <]
23. g[aYf;F ,e;jpah je;js;s bgah;fspy; ehd;F g{j=;fisf; fz;lwp.
m) mf;dp/ Mfh&;/ gp$;yp/ $y; M) nkf;/ mf;dp/ $y;
,) nkf;/ rhfh;/ tha[/ Mfh&; <) gp$;yp/ mf;dp/ nkf;/ f$h [tpil: m]
24.
thdpiy Ma;thsh;fs;/ bghJkf;fs;/ fly; khYkpfs; Mfpnahh;f;F thdpiy
vr;rhpf;ifiag; g[hpe;J bfhz;L bray;glf; bfhLf;fg;gLtJ
m) g[aypd; bgah;fs; M) fy=;fiu tpsf;fk;
,) epthuz cjtp <) jpirfhl;Lk; fUtp [tpil: m]
25. ______ E}w;whz;od; bjhlf;fj;jpy; bjw;fhrpa ehLfspy; gy;ntW ehLfisr; nrh;e;jth;fs;

Fonawpdh;.
m) gjpbdl;lhk; M) gj;bjhd;gjhk;
,) gjpdhwhk; <) gjpndHhk; [tpil: M]
26. g. rp=;fhuk; ,uz;lhk; cyfg; nghh; epfH;e;j nghJ ,Ue;j ,lk;

m) ,e;njhndrpah/ bkgpd; efh; M) ,y=;if/ ahH;g;ghzk;
,) knyrpah/ nfhyhyk;g{h; <) rPdh/ bga;$p=; [tpil: m]
27. rhpahd Tw;Wfisf; fz;lwp.
i) mbkhpf;fhit/ $g;ghid/ rPdhitj; jhf;Fk; g[ay;fs; ,lk;g[hpg; g[ay;fs;
ii) M!;jpnuypahtpd; fpHf;Ff; fiu/ \tha; jPt[fisj; jhf;Fk; g[ay;fs; tyk;g[hpg;
g[ay;fs;
iii) gpbu+;R ehl;ilr; nrh;e;j fzpj ty;Yeh; fh!;ghh;l; F!;lht; bfhhpahtpy; ,e;j
tpisit 1835 ,y; fz;Lgpoj;jhh;.
iv) g[aypd; ,e;j ,Utifr; RHw;rpf;Ff; bfhhpahyp!; tpist[ vd;W bgah;
m) i, ii - rhp M) ii, iii - rhp
,) ehd;Fk; rhp <) iii - kl;Lk; rhp [tpil: m]

i) fg;gpj;jhd; ? ,e;njhndrpahtpYs;s ,lk;
ii) bjh=;fhd; ? kPd; tif
iii) mt[ypah ? fg;gy;
iv) gpythd; ? jiyik khYkp (nfg;ld;)
m) 4/ 3/ 2/ 1 M) 3/ 2/ 1/ 4 ,) 2/ 1/ 3/ 4 <) 3/ 4/ 2/ 1 [tpil: m]
29. ``Xo thU=;fs;- ,=;nf Xo thU=;fs;- byf;fh!;/ byf;fh!;- vd;W fj;jpatd;
m) ghz;oad; M) fg;gpj;jhd;
,) $g;ghdpa mjpfhhp <) F!;lht; [tpil: M]
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,ay; 2 X
30. `jkpnuh~ vd;W cWkpath;

m) khYkp M) $g;ghdpa mjpfhhp
,) rPd mjpfhhp <) ghz;oad; [tpil: M]
31. thdpiy khw;wj;ijf; fz;L vGe;J ngha; ghh;j;jtd;
m) khYkp M) ghz;oad; ,) fg;gpj;jhd; <) nrud; [tpil: M]
1. flypy; g[aypd; jhf;fj;jpdhy; Vw;gl;l gjw;wj;ij btspg;gLj;j mLf;Fj; bjhlh;fSk;

tUzidfSk; vt;thbwy;yhk; gad;gl;Ls;sd vd;gJ Fwpj;J tFg;gpy; ngRf.
g[aypd; rPw;wj;jpdhy; rpf;fpj; jtpj;jth;fs; `,Us; eP=;fp R{hpa btspr;rj;ijf; fz;lJk;
~R{hpad; R{hpad; R{hpad;~ vd rw;W gjw;wk; eP=;ff; Twpdh;.
g[aypy; rpf;fp Ie;jhk; ehs; fiuiaf; fz;lnghJ fiu fiu vd rj;jkpl;ldh;. nkw;fz;l
mLf;Fj; bjhlh;fs; gjw;wj;jpd; kj;jpapy; fhf;fg;gLnthk; vd;Dk; ek;gpf;ifapy;
TwpajhFk;.
vz;bza; g{rpait nghy; bkhGbkhGbtd bespe;j miyfs; vd;w tUzid
miyapd; jd;ikia vLj;Jf;fhl;LfpwJ.
thidg; gpse;j gpd;dy; fPw;Wfs;. thdk; cile;J bts;sk; bfhl;oaJ vd;w
tUzidfs; kpd;dypd; mnfhu xsp tPr;ira[k; kiHg; bghHptpd; mst[ kw;Wk;
ntfj;ijf; Fwpg;gjha; mike;Js;sJ.
jiyf;F nky; bts;sk;" thDld; fly; fye;J tspa[ld; ,ize;J tpl;lJ vd;Dk;
bjhlh; @yk; g[aypy; njhzpapd; epiy vd;dthapUf;Fk; vd;gij czh;j;JfpwJ.
2. eP=f
; s; vjph;bfhz;l ,aw;if ,lh; Fwpj;J tpthpj;J vGJf. (kiH/ bts;sk;/ g[ay;/ twl;rp)
kiH :
jtwpg;bga;j gUtkiHahy; mWtilf;F jahuha; ,Ue;j gaph;fs; ePhpy; eide;J
ehrk; mile;jd. nghf;Ftuj;J ghjpg;g[fshy; kf;fs; gy ,d;dy;fSf;F Mshapdh;.
kiHg; bghHptpd; fhuzkhf kf;fs; gyh; btspna bry;y KoahjjhYk;. kpd;rhuk; jil
bra;ag;gl;ljhYk; gy bjhHpy;fs; Kl=;fpd.
g[ay; :
brd;idf;Fj; bjd;fpHf;nf 260 fp.kP bjhiytpYk; ehiff;F tlfpHf;F 180 fp.kP
bjhiytpYk; ikak; bfhz;oUe;j f$h g[ay;/ nkw;F bjd; nkw;Fj; jpirapy; efh;e;J
flY}h; ghk;gd; ,ilna ehiff;F mUnf kzpf;F 111 fp.kP ntfj;jpy; fiuiaf; fle;jJ.
g[ayhdJ fiuiaf; fle;j nghjpYk; bly;lh kw;Wk; fiunahu gFjp kf;fspd; ftiy
,d;Dk; fle;J nghftpy;iy. Vbddpy; tptrhapfs;/ kPdth;fs; Mfpnahhpd; thH;thjhunk
mHpe;jJ.
bts;sk;:
fle;j 2018 Mk; Mz;L nfushtpy; Vw;gl;l bts;skhdJ mk;khepyj;ijna
g[ul;og; nghl;lJ. bjd;nkw;F gUtf;fhw;wpdhy; Vw;gl;l kiHg;bghHpnt ,jw;Ff;
fhuzk;. bts;sj;jpdhy; Vw;gl;l kz;rhptpy; rpf;fp gyh; caphpHe;jdh;. ,jpy; nfushtpy;

cs;s ,Lf;fp/ taehL nfhHpf;nfhL cl;gl 10 khtl;l=;fs; bghpJk; ghjpf;fg;gl;ld.
kiyg;ghijapy; Vw;gl;l kz;rhptpdhy; nghf;Ftuj;J ghjpf;fg;gl;lJ.
twl;rp :
,e;jpa thdpiyj; Jiwapd; Tw;Wg;go 10 rjtpjj;jpw;Fk; Fiwthd kiHg;bghHpt[
,Uf;Fnkahdhy; me;ehl;il twl;rpahy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l ehL vdyhk;. gw;whf; Fiwahd
kiHg; bghHpnt twl;rpf;Ff; fhuzk; gUtfhyk; bgha;j;Jg; nghtjhy; cUthFk;.
kiHg; bghHptpd;ik/ gUtfhy khWghLfs;/ fhLfs; mHpt[/ Rw;Wr;R{Hy; rPh;nfL/
mjpf mst[ Mtpahjy;/ nkhrkhd epy nkyhz;ik/ mjPj nka;r;ry;/ kz; mhpg;g[ Mfpad
twl;rpia Vw;gl Kf;fpaf; fhuz=;fshFk;.

,ay; ,aw;if fw;fz;L;
bjhifepiyj; bjhlh;fs;
2
ghlE}y; tpdhf;fs;
gyt[s; bjhpf
1. `bghpa kPir~ rphpj;jhh; ? tz;zr; brhy;Yf;fhd bjhifapd; tif vJ>
m) gz;g[j;bjhif M) ctikj;bjhif
,) md;bkhHpj;bjhif <) ck;ikj;bjhif [tpil: m]
FWtpdh
1. jz;zPh; Fo/ japh;f;Flk; Mfpa bjhifr;brhw;fis tphpj;J vGJf. bjhlhpy; mikf;f.
jz;zPh; Fo
jz;zPiuf; Fo (,uz;lhk; ntw;Wikj; bjhif)
kpFe;j jhfj;jpdhy; jz;zPiuf; Foj;njd;.
japh;f;Flk;
japiu cila Flk; (,uz;lhk; ntw;Wik cUg[k; gaDk; cld; bjhf;fj; bjhif)
fkyh japh;f;Flj;jpypUe;J japiu Cw;wpdhs;.
,ay; 2 X
rpWtpdh
1. njhl;lj;jpy; ky;ypifg;g{ gwpj;j g{=;bfho/ tUk; tHpapy; MLkhLfSf;Fj; jz;zPh;j;
bjhl;oapy; FoePh; epug;gpdhs;. tPl;oDs; te;jts; Rth;f;fofhuj;jpy; kzp ghh;j;jhs;.
,g;gFjpapy; cs;s bjhifr; brhw;fspd; tiffisf; Fwpg;gpl;L tphpj;J vGJf.
ky;ypifg;g{
,U bgabuhl;Lg; gz;g[j;bjhif.
ky;ypif vd;Dk; g{ (ky;ypif ? rpwg;g[g; bgah;/ g{ ? bghJg; bgah;)
g{=;bfho
ctikj; bjhif
g{ nghd;w bfho
jz;zPh;j; bjhl;oapy;
,uz;lhk; ntw;Wik cUg[k; gaDk; cld; bjhf;fj; bjhif
jz;zPiu Cw;Wk; bjhl;o
FoePh; epug;gpdhs;
,uz;lhk; ntw;Wikj; bjhif
FoePiu epug;gpdhs;
TLjy; tpdhf;fs;
gyt[s; bjhpf
1. bjhif epiyj; bjhlh; vj;jid tifg;gLk;>

m) ,uz;L M) ehd;F ,) Ie;J <) MW [tpil: <]
2. fPH;f;fhQk; brhw;fspy; ck;ikj;bjhif my;yhj brhy; vJ>
m) njh;g;ghfd; M) mz;zd; jk;gp
,) btw;wpiy ghf;F <) ,ut[ gfy; [tpil: m]
3. `kJiu brd;whh;~ ? ,j;bjhlhpy; mike;Js;s ntw;Wikj;bjhif vt;tif ntw;Wikj;
bjhiff;Fg; bghUe;Jk;>
m) @d;whk; ntw;Wikj; bjhif M) ehd;fhk; ntw;Wikj; bjhif
,) Ie;jhk; ntw;Wikj; bjhif <) Mwhk; ntw;Wikj; bjhif [tpil: M]
4. bghUj;Jf.
1. kJiu brd;whh; ? m) tpidj;bjhif
2. tPR bjd;wy; ? M) gz;g[j;bjhif
3. br=;fhe;js; ? ,) ,Ubgabuhl;Lg; gz;g[j;bjhif
4. khh;fHp;j; jp=;fs; ? <) ehd;fhk; ntw;Wikj; bjhif
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m) 1?< 2?m 3?M 4?, M) 1?< 2?, 3?M 4?m

,) 1?< 2?M 3?m 4?, <) 1?< 2?, 3?m 4?M [tpil: m]
5. bghUj;Jf.
1. ctikj;bjhif ? m) KWf;F kPir itj;jhh;
2. ck;ikj;bjhif ? M) kyh;f;if
3. md;bkhHpj;bjhif ? ,) tl;lj;bjhl;o
4. gz;g[j;bjhif ? <) mz;zd; jk;gp
m) 1?M 2?< 3?m 4?, M) 1?< 2?m 3?M 4?,
,) 1?M 2?, 3?m 4?< <) 1?, 2?< 3?m 4?M [tpil: m]
6. gz;g[j;bjhif my;yhj xd;W
m) br=;fhe;js; M) tl;lj;bjhl;o ,) ,d;bkhHp <) bfhy;fspW[tpil: <]
7. fhyk; fue;j bgabur;rk;
m) tpidj;bjhif M) gz;g[j;bjhif
,) ctikj;bjhif <) ck;ikj;bjhif [tpil: m]
8. ntw;Wika[Ug[ my;yhjd
m) I/ xL M) F/ ,d; ,) Mfpa/ Md <) mJ/ fz; [tpil: ,]
9. bghUe;jhj ,iziaf; fz;lwpf
m) tpidj;bjhif ? njh;g;ghfd;
M) gz;g[j;bjhif ? ,d;bkhHp
,) ck;ikj;bjhif ? jha; nra;
<) md;bkhHpj;bjhif ? rptg;g[r;rl;il ngrpdhh; [tpil: m]
10. `kyh; nghd;w if~ ,jpy; `kyh;~ vd;gJ _____ `nghd;w~ vd;gJ _____ ìf~ vd;gJ _____
m) ctk cUg[ ? ctik ? ctnkak; M) ctik ? ctk cUg[ ? ctnkak;
,) ctnkak; ? ctik ? ctk cUg[ <) ,tw;Ws; VJkpy;iy [tpil: M]
11. rpwg;g[g; bgah;/ bghJg;bgah; Mfpad tUk; bjhifr;brhy;

m) gz;g[j;bjhif M) tpidj;bjhif
,) ,Ubgabuhl;Lg; gz;g[j;bjhif <) ck;ikj;bjhif [tpil: ,]
12. khh;fHpj; jp=;fs;/ rhiug;ghk;g[ Mfpa brhw;fspy; ,lk;bgWk; bghJg;bgah;fs; vit>
m) khh;fHp/ rhiu M) jp=;fs;/ ghk;g[
,) khh;fHp/ ghk;g[ <) jp=;fs;/ rhiu [tpil: M]
13. `br=;fhe;js;~ ? ,g;gz;g[j;bjhifr; brhy;ypy; kiwe;J tUk; cUg[

m) Md M) Mfpa ,) nghd;w <) I [tpil: M]
14. `,d;bkhHp~ ? ,g;gz;g[j;bjhifr; brhy;ypy; kiwe;J tUk; cUg[
m) Md M) Mfpa ,) nghd;w <) ,d; [tpil: m]
,ay; 2 X
15. `kJiu brd;whs;~ ? ,t;ntw;Wikj;bjhifr; brhy;ypy; ,lk;bgWk; ntw;Wik cUg[

m) F M) fz; ,) My; <) mJ [tpil: m]
17. fUk;g[ jpd;whd; ? ,j;bjhlh; _______ ntw;Wikj;bjhlh;.

m) ,uz;lhk; M) @d;whk; ,) ehd;fhk; <) Mwhk; [tpil: m]
18. ehd;fhk; ntw;Wik cUg[k; gaDk; cld; bjhf;f bjhiff;fhd brhy;
m) njh;g;ghfd; M) jkpH;j;bjhz;L
,) fUk;g[ jpd;whd; <) kJiu brd;whh; [tpil: M]
i) tPR bjd;wy; ? ck;ikj; bjhif
ii) br=;fhe;js; ? ctikj;bjhif
iii) kyh;f;if ? gz;g[j;bjhif
iv) jha;nra; ? tpidj;bjhif
m) 4/ 3/ 2/ 1 M) 3/ 4/ 1/ 2 ,) 4/ 2/ 1/ 3 <) 2/ 3/ 4/ 1 [tpil: M]
20. ,Ubgabuhl;Lg; gz;g[j;bjhiff;fhd brhy;

m) kyh;f;if M) mz;zd; jk;gp
,) khh;fHpj;jp=;fs; <) njh;g;ghfd; [tpil: ,]
21. bghUj;Jf.
i) ,d;bkhHp – m) ctikj;bjhif
ii) jha;nra; – M) tpidj;bjhif
iii) Kj;Jg;gy; – ,) ck;ikj; bjhif
iv) tUg[dy; – <) gz;g[j;bjhif
m) 1/ 2/ 3/ 4 M) 3/ 4/ 2/ 1 ,) 4/ 3/ 2/ 1 <) 4/ 3/ 1/ 2 [tpil: <]
FWtpdh
1. brhw;bwhlh; vd;why; vd;d> v.fh. jUf.
brhw;fs; gy bjhlh;e;J epd;W bghUs; jUk;.
,J bjhlh; my;yJ brhw;bwhlh; vdg;gLk;.
v.fh: ePh; gUfpdhd;.
2. bjhifepiyj; bjhlh; vd;why; vd;d>
bgah;r; brhy;Yk; tpidr;brhy;Yk; nrUk; bjhlh;.
,ilapy; ntw;Wik cUg[fnsh/ tpid gz;g[ Kjypatw;wpd; cUg[fnsh kiwe;J
tUk;.
,uz;L my;yJ mjw;F nkw;gl;l brhw;fs; xU brhy; nghy; epw;Fk;
v.fh: fUk;g[ jpd;whd;.
3. bjhifepiyj; bjhlh; vj;jid tifg;gLk;> mit ahit>

bjhifepiyj; bjhlh; MW tifg;gLk; mit:
ntw;Wikj; bjhif  tpidj;bjhif
gz;g[j;bjhif  ctikj;bjhif
ck;ikj;bjhif  md;bkhHpj;bjhif
4. ntw;Wik cUg[fs; vj;jid> mit ahit>
ntw;Wik cUg[fs; MW. mit: I/ My;/ F/ ,d;/ mJ/ fz;.
5. ntw;Wikj;bjhif vd;why; vd;d> v.fh jUf.
xU bjhlhpy; ntw;Wik cUg[fspy; VnjDk; xd;W kiwe;J te;J bghUs; jUk;.
v.fh: kJiu brd;whh; ? kJiuf;Fr; brd;whh;.
6. cUg[k; gaDk; cld;bjhf;fj; bjhif vd;why; vd;d> v.fh. jUf.
xU bjhlhpy; ntw;Wik cUg[k; mjd; bghUis tpsf;Fk; gaDk; nrh;e;J kiwe;J tUk;.
v.fh: njh;g;ghfd;.
njiu Xl;Lk; ghfd;. I ? cUg[" Xl;Lk; ? gad;.
,Jt[k; ntw;Wikj; bjhifna.
7. gz;g[j;bjhifiar; rhd;Wld; tpsf;Ff.
mst[/ epwk;/ totk;/ Rit Mfpatw;iw czh;j;Jk;.
gz;g[g;bgaUf;Fk; mJ jGtp epw;Fk; bgah;r;brhy;Yf;Fk; ,ilapy; ìk~ vd;Dk;
gz;g[ tpFjp kiwe;J tUk;.
Mfpa/ Md vd;Dk; gz;g[ cUg[fs; kiwe;J tUk;.
v.fh: br=;fhe;js;/ tl;lj;bjhl;o.
8. ,Ubgabuhl;Lg; gz;g[j;bjhif vd;why; vd;d> rhd;W jUf.
rpwg;g[g; bgah; Kd;Dk; bghJg; bgah; gpd;Dkhf tUk;.
,ilapy; Mfpa vd;Dk; gz;g[ cUg[ bjhf;fp tUk;.
v.fh: khh;fHpj; jp=;fs;.
9. ctikj;bjhif vd;why; vd;d> vLj;Jf;fhl;L je;J tpsf;Ff.
ctikf;Fk; ctnkaj;jpw;Fk; ,ilapy; ctk cUg[ kiwe;J tUk;.
v.fh: kyh;f;if. ctik ? kyh;/ ctnkak; ? if/ ctk cUg[ ? nghd;w.
kyh; nghd;w if vdg; bghUs; gLk;.
10. ck;ikj;bjhif vd;why; vd;d> rhd;W je;J tpsf;Ff.
,Ur;brhw;fSf;F ,ilapYk; ,WjpapYk; `ck;~ vd;Dk; ,ilr;brhy; kiwe;J tUk;.
v.fh: jha;nra;/ mz;zd; jk;gp.
jha[k; nra[k;/ mz;zDk; jk;gpa[k; vd tphpe;J bghUis czh;j;Jfpd;wd.
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,ay; 2 X
11. md;bkhHpj;bjhif vd;why; vd;d>

ntw;Wik/ tpid/ gz;g[/ ctik/ ck;ik Mfpa bjhif epiyj; bjhlh;fspy; my;yhj
ntW brhw;fs; kiwe;J epd;W bghUs; jUk;.
v.fh: KWf;F kPir te;jhh;.
KWf;F kPiria cilath; te;jhh; vdj; bjhif epiyj;bjhlh; my;yhj ntW
brhy; kiwe;J epd;W bghUs; jUfpwJ.
12. ck;ikj;bjhif vj;jid mst[g; bgah;fisj; bjhlh;e;J tUk;> mit ahit>
ck;ikj;bjhif ehd;F mst[g; bgah;fisj; bjhlh;e;J tUk;. mit:
vz;zy;  ePl;ly;
vLj;jy;  Kfj;jy;
13. ,ilr;brhy; kiwe;J tUk; bjhifr; brhw;fs; vit>
ntw;Wikj; bjhif  ,Ubgabuhl;Lg; gz;g[j;bjhif
tpidj;bjhif  ctikj;bjhif
gz; g j
[ b
; jhif  md;bkhHpj;bjhif
rpWtpdh
1. tpidj;bjhifiar; rhd;Wld; tpsf;Ff.

fhyk; fue;j bgabur;rk;. fhyk; fhl;Lk;. ,ilepiya[k; bgabur;r tpFjpa[k; kiwe;J
epw;Fk;. tpidg;gFjpiaj; bjhlh;e;J xU bgah; te;J xU brhy;iyg; nghy; elf;Fk;.
v.fh: tPR bjd;wy; vd;gJ/ tPrpa bjd;wy;/ tPRfpd;w bjd;wy;/ tPRk; bjd;wy; vd
Kf;fhyj;jpw;Fk; bghUe;Jk;.
tz;zkpl;l bjhifr; brhw;fis tifg;gLj;Jf.

1. md;g[r;bry;td; jpwd; ngrpapy; bjhLjpiuapy; goj;Jf;bfhz;oUe;jhh;. (gf;fk; 49)
md;g[r;bry;td; – ,Ubgabuhl;Lg; gz;g[j;bjhif
bjhLjpiu – tpidj;bjhif
2. midtUf;Fk; nkhh;g;ghidiaj; jpwe;J nkhh; bfhLf;ft[k;.

nkhh;g; ghid – ,uz;lhk; ntw;Wik cUg[k; gaDk; cld; bjhf;fj; bjhif
nkhh; bfhLf;ft[k ; – ,uz;lhk; ntw;Wikj; bjhif
3. btz;ilf;fha;g; bghhpay; nkhh;f;FHk;gf

[ ;F bghUj;jkhf ,Uf;Fk;.
btz;ilf;fha;g; – ,Ubgabuhl;Lg; gz;g[j;bjhif
nkhh;f;FHk;g[ – @d;whk; ntw;Wik cUg[k; gaDk; cld; bjhf;fj; bjhif
4. j=;f kPd;fs; jz;zPh;j; bjhl;oapy; tpisahLfpd;wd.

btz;ilf;fha;g; – ,Ubgabuhl;Lg; gz;g[j;bjhif
jz;zPh;j; bjhl;oapy; – ,uz;lhk; ntw;Wik cUg[k; gaDk; cld; bjhf;fj; bjhif
bkhHpia Ms;nthk; gf;fk;: 45
jkpHpy; bkhHpbgah;j;Jj; jiyg;gpLf.

The Golden sun gets up early in the morning and starts its bright rays to fade away the dark.
The milky clouds start their wandering. The colourful birds start twitting their morning melodies in
percussion. The cute butterflies dance around the flowers. The flower’s fragrance fills the breeze.
The breeze gently blows everywhere and makes everything pleasant.
,aw;if
bghd;dhd R{hpad; jpdKk; fhiyapy; vGe;J mjd; xspf;fjph;fis tPrp/ ,Uis
kiwar; bra;a[k;/ ghy; nghd;w nkf=;fs; Rw;w Muk;gpj;JtpLk;. tz;zg; gwitfs;
,jkhd R{H;epiyia jd; ,wFfis mog;gjd; @yk; cUthf;Fk;. mHfhd tz;zj;Jg;
g{r;rp kyh;fisr; Rw;wp MLk;. g{f;fspd; eWkzk; bjd;wy; fhw;iw epug;g[k;. me;jf; fhw;W
midj;J ,l=;fspYk; gutp xU g[j;Jzh;thd R{H;epiyia cUthf;Fk;.
brhw;fspy; kiwe;Js;s bjhiffis milahsk; fz;L bjhlhpy; mikf;f.

,d;brhy;/ vGfjph;/ fPhpghk;g[/ g{=;FHy; te;jhs;/ kiy thH;thh;/ Kj;Jg;gy;
v.fh: ,d;brhy; ? gz;g[j;bjhif
,dpikahd brhy; TWjy; rhd;nwhh;f;F mHF.
1. vGfjph; ? tpidj;bjhif
kdpj thH;thdJ fpHf;nf njhd;wp nkw;nf kiwa[k; vGfjph; nghd;wJ.
2. fPhpghk;g[ ? ck;ikj;bjhif
fyht[k; khyht[k; fPhpa[k; ghk;g[k; nghy vg;bghGJk; gifiknahL thH;fpd;wdh;.
3. g{=;FHy; te;jhs; ? md;bkhHpj;bjhif
g{ nghd;w Te;jiya[ila (FHy;) bgz; te;jhs;
4. kiy thH;thh; ? VHhk; ntw;Wikj; bjhif
Fwp+;rp epy kf;fs; kiyapd; fz; thH;thh;.
5. Kj;Jg;gy; ? ctikj;bjhif
khyhtpd; Kj;Jg;gy; nkYk; mtSf;F mHF nrh;f;fpwJ.
bra;jpfisg; goj;J tpdhf;fSf;F tpil vGJf.

g{f;fisg; gw;wpa mhpa ,yf;fpar; bra;jpfs;
g{ cz;L/ Mdhy; fz;zpw;Ff; fhl;rp juhky; fhz;lw;F mhpadtha; ,Uf;Fk;
kyh;fs;/ My kyh;" gyh kyh;.
,ay; 2 X
kyh; cz;L" bgaUk; cz;L" Mdhy; ,Jjhd; mJ vd;W cWjpahf mwpa

,ayhJs;s epiyapy; ,Uf;Fk; kyh;fs; : Rs;sp kyh;/ gh=;fh; kyh;.
mftpjH; Kjypa cWg;g[fs; ,Ue;J mit g[wj;nj fhl;rpg;glhky; cs;nsna
bghjpe;jpUf;Fk; kyh;fs; : mj;jp/ Myk;/ bfhHp+;rp/ gyh.
gad;ghL/ ehw;wk;/ kf;fsJ tpUg;gpy; ,lk; bgwhik/ bghJtpy; xJf;fg;gl;lik
bfhz;L kyhpy; rpy vspait Mfpd;wd. mitahtd : beU+;rp/ vUf;F/ g{is/ FhP,g;
g{is/ ntis/ Ckj;jk;/ fs;sp/ KU=;if.
,Yg;igg; g{f;fs; ,dpg;ghdit. fuofs; kuj;jpd; kPnjwp mtw;iwg; gwpj;J
cz;Qk;. ghjphpg; g{ FoePUf;Fj; jd; kzj;ij Vw;Wk;. @=;fpy; g{tpy; fha; njhd;wpf;
fdpahfp mjpypUe;J xUtif mhprp njhd;Wk;. ,J @=;fpy; mhprp vdg;gLk;.
? nfhit. ,s+;nrud;.
1. kyh; cz;L;" bgaUk; cz;L ? ,uz;L bjhlh;fisa[k; xU bjhluhf;Ff.
kyUf;Fg; bgah; cz;L.
2. mUk;ghfp bkhl;lhfpg; g{thfp.... vd;gij xj;J mike;Js;s bjhliuf; fz;lwpf.
mftpjH; Kjypa cWg;g[fs; ,Ue;J mit g[wj;nj fhl;rpg;glhky; cs;nsna
bghjpe;jpUf;Fk; kyh;fs;.
3. eP=;fs; mwpe;j ,U g{f;fspd; bgah;fisa[k; mjd; gad;fisa[k; vGJf.
KU=;ifg;g{ ? ,g;g{itf; frhak; bra;J thuk; ,UKiw Fof;ft[k;. Foj;Jtu ePuHpt[
neha;/ euk;g[j;jsh;r;rp neha; eP=;Fk;. epidt[ Mw;wy; bgUFk;.
vUf;fk; g{ ? vUf;fk; g{itf; fha itj;J bgho bra;J g[z;fspy; g{r tpiutpy; FzkhFk;.
fhy; tPf;fk; Fiwa ,g;g{it vz;bzapy; tjf;fpf; fl;l tPf;fk; eP=;Fk;.
4. mhpa kyh; ? ,yf;fzf; Fwpg;g[j; jUf.
Fwpg;g[g; bgabur;rk;.
5. bjhlhpy; bghUe;jhg; bghUs; jUk; ka=;bfhyp vGj;Jfisj; jpUj;Jf.
,Yg;igg; g{f;fs; ,dpg;ghdit. fuofs; kwj;jpd; kPnjwp mtw;iwg; ghpj;J cz;Qk;.
ghjphpg; g{ FoePUf;Fj; jd; kdj;ij Vw;Wk;.
,Yg;igg; g{f;fs; ,dpg;ghdit/ fuofs; kuj;jpd; kPnjwp mtw;iwg; gwpj;J cz;Qk;.
ghjphpg;g{ FoePUf;Fj; jd; kzj;ij Vw;Wk;.
thH;j;Jkly; vGJf.
khepy mstpy; eilbgw;w ``kuk; ,aw;ifapd; tuk;~~ vDk; jiyg;gpyhd fl;Liug;
nghl;oapy; btw;wp bgw;W Kjy; ghpR bgw;w njhHid thH;j;jp kly; vGJf.
jpUbey;ntyp/
12?3?19.
www.nammakalvi.org
md;g[s;s ez;gh/
ehd; eyk;. cd; eyk; kw;Wk; cd; tPl;lhh; midthpd; eyKk; mwpa Mir.
khepy mstpy; eilbgw;w `kuk; ,aw;ifapd; tuk;~ vd;Dk; jiyg;gpyhd
fl;Liug; nghl;oapy; eP fye;J bfhz;L Kjy; ghpR bgw;w bra;jpia ehspjHpy; cd;
g[ifg;glj;Jld; fz;L bgUkfpH;t[ bfhz;nld;.
ku=;fspd; gad;fisa[k;/ ku=;fis mHpg;gjdhy; Vw;gLk; jPikfisa[k; gw;wp
gy ey;y fUj;Jfisf; TwpapUf;fpwha;. ku=;fis mHpj;Jf; bfhz;nl nghdhy; ehk;
caph; tspiaf; Tl tpiy bfhLj;J th=;f ntz;oa epiy tUk; vd;w bra;jpiaf;
Fwpg;gpl;oUe;jha;. ,ij epidf;Fk;nghJ kdk; tUj;jk; milfpwJ.
caph; tspiaf; fhR bfhLj;J th=;Fk; epiy tuhjgo ehk; kf;fs; kj;jpapy;
tpHpg;g[zh;it Vw;gLj;jp ``tPl;ow;bfhU kuk; tsh;g;nghk; " ku=;fis mHpf;fhjPh;-~~ vd;W
mr;bray;fspy; <LgLnthk;. J}a fhw;iw Rthrpg;nghk;.
eP nkYk; gy fl;Liufis vGjp ghpRfs; bgw;W kfpH;t[ld; thH kdjhu
thH;j;Jfpnwd;.
,g;gof;F/
cd; njhHd;/
m. r=;fh;.
ciw nky; Kfthp
bgWeh;
f.fz;zd;/
10/ tlkiyj; bjU/
jpUefh;/
kJiu ? 11
ghujpapd; trdeil ? rpl;Lf;FUtp

rpwpajhdpak; nghd;w @f;F" rpd;df;fz;fs;" rpd;dj;jiy" bts;isf; fGj;J"
mHfpa k=;fy btz;ik epwKila gl;Lg;nghh;j;j tapW" fUika[k; btz;ika[k;
fye;j rhk;gy; epwj;jhyhfpa gl;Lg;nghh;j;j KJF" rpwpa njhif" Jspj;Jspf; fhy;fs;"
,j;jida[k; nrh;j;J xU gr;irf; FHe;ijapd; ifg;gpoapny gpoj;J tplyhk;. ,t;tpjkhd
cliyr; Rke;J bfhz;L vd; tPl;ony ,uz;L caph;fs; thH;fpd;wd. mtw;wpy; xd;W
Mz; kw;bwhd;W bgz;.
,J nghd;W c=;fSf;Fg; gpoj;j VnjDk; xd;iwg; gw;wp trdeilapy; vGJf.
kapy;
cWjp kpf;f @f;F" tpijbahj;j fz;fs;" rpd;dj;jiy" fUk;gr;ir kw;Wk; fUePy
epwKila gl;Lg;nghh;j;j tapW" fUik/ rhk;gy; kw;Wk; bre;epwk; fye;j gl;Lg;nghh;j;j
KJF" ePz;l mHfpa gy tz;zj;jhyhd njhif" gd=;fpH=;ifbahj;j fhy;fs;"
,j;jida[k; nrh;j;J xUth; ifapny gpog;gJ kpft[k; mhpJ. ,t;tpjkhd cliyr; Rke;J
bfhz;L vd; tPl;Lj; njhl;lj;jpw;F ,uz;L/ caph;fs; te;J nghfpd;wd. mtw;wpy; xd;W
Mz; kapy; kw;bwhd;W bgz; kapy;.
,ay; 2 X
bkhHpnahL tpisahL gf;fk;: 47
brhy;iyf; fz;Lgpoj;Jg; g[jpiu tpLtpf;f.

1. Kjy; ,uz;il ePf;fpdhYk; thrid jUk;" ePf;fhtpl;lhYk; thrid jUk;.
eWkzk;
2. gHikf;F vjpuhdJ ? vGJnfhypy; gad;gLk;.
g[Jik
3. ,Uf;Fk;nghJ cUtkpy;iy ? ,y;yhky; caphpdk; ,y;iy.
fhw;W
4. ehbyGj;jpy; fz; rpkpl;Lk; ? filapuz;oy; ePe;jpr; bry;Yk;.
tpz;kPd;
5. XbuGj;jpy; nrhiy ? ,uz;blGj;jpy; tdk;.
fhL
eakpF bjhlh;fisg; goj;J Vw;w jiyg;g[fis vLj;bjGJf.

1. bfhSj;Jk; btapy; rl;bldj; jzpe;jJ. thdk; ,Uz;lJ. thilf; fhw;W tPrpaJ.
fhw;wpd; ghly;
2. g[tp rpyph;j;J/ kz;zpypUe;J rpd;d+;rpW bkhl;L KfpH;j;jJ" mr;broia tuntw;Fk;
tpjkhfg; gf;fj;Jr; brofs; jiyahl;o kfpH;fpd;wd.
bkhl;od; tUif.
3.
nrhiyf;Fs; rj;jkpy;yhky; tPrpaJ bjd;wy;" g{f;fs; mjd; tUifia czh;e;J
eWkzj;Jld; tuntw;fpd;wd. g{thrk; fye;j bjd;wypy; tz;Lfs; kpje;J brd;W
kyh;fspy; mkh;fpd;wd.
kpjf;Fk; thrk;.
4. ,utpd; ,Usikjpapy; ,iur;ryha;r; rpy Rth;f;nfhHpfs;. twz;l thdj;jpd; ,Uz;l
g[Gf;fk;" kiHf;F V=;Fk; g[tp btg;gg; bgU@r;R tpLk;" frfrj;j caphpd=;fs;.
caph;g;gpd; Vf;fk;.
5. epd;Wtpl;l kiH jUk; Fsph;" brhl;Lr; brhl;lhf tpspk;g[fspypUe;Jk; ku=;fspypUe;Jk;
tpGk; kiHePh;gl;Lr; rpyph;f;Fk; caphpdk;.
ePhpd; rpyph;g;g[.
6. Fapy;fspd; Ttypir. g[s;spd=;fspd; nka;r;rYk; gha;r;rYk;. ,iyfspd; mirt[fs;/
Niwf;fhw;wpd; Mnyhyk;.
tdj;jpd; eldk;.
mfuhjpapy; fhz;f.
mfd;Rlh;/ Mh;fyp/ fl;g[s;/ bfhLtha;/ jpUtpy;
mfd;Rlh; – (mfy; vd;gjd; jphpg[) mfy;Rlh;/ mfd;w Rlh;
Mh;fyp – fly;/ kiH/ bts;sk;/ ngbuhyp/ Muthuk;
Rl;g[s ; – Xh; g[ytd;
bfhLtha; – xU kpUfk;/ gHpr;brhy;/ g[yp/ Fwis/ tise;j tha;
jpUtpy; – ,e;jputpy;
fhl;rpiaf; fz;L ftpDw vGJf.
``moik eP=;f
mfpk;ir
Rke;njhk; ...... new;W
mwpahik mfy
g[j;jfg;ig
Rkg;nghk; ....... ,d;W
neha;ik eP=;fp
,aw;iff; fhw;iwr; Rkg;nghk; ....... ehis
khdplh-~~
epw;f mjw;Fj; jf gf;fk;: 48
thbdhyp mwptpg;g[
$y; g[ay; brd;idf;Fj; bjd;fpHf;nf 150 fp.kP bjhiytpy; ikak; bfhz;Ls;sJ. ,d;W
,ut[ brd;idf;Fk; bey;Y}Uf;Fk; ,ilna fiuiaf; flf;Fk; vd;W brd;id thdpiy
Ma;t[ ikak; bjhptpj;Js;sJ.
g[aypd;nghJ
g[aypd;nghJ btspna bry;y ntz;lhk;. btspnaw neh;e;jhy; Muk;gfl;l
vr;rhpf;ifapd;nghnj btspnawt[k;.
bjhiyngrp/ kpd;rhjd=;fs; gad; khoapy; ,Ug;gijj; jtph;j;Jj; jsg;
gLj;Jtijj; jtph;f;ft[k;. gFjpapnyna j=;ft[k;.
thbdhyp mwptpg;igf; nfl;Lg; fhw;W mog;gJ epd;whYk; vjph;jpirapypUe;J
gpd;gw;wt[k;. kWgo ntfkhf tPr Muk;gpf;Fk;/ vdnt/
fhw;wog;gJ Koe;Jtpl;ljhf epidf;f
ntz;lhk;.
,ay; 2 X
kPdth;fs; flYf;Fr; bry;tijj; thfdj;ij Xl;l neh;e;jhy; flw;fiug;

jtph;f;ft[k;. gFjpfSf;Fj; bjhiytpYk;/ ku=;fs;
kpd;fk;gpg; ghijfs;/ ePh; tHpfs;
Mfpatw;wpypUe;J tpyfpa[k; thfdj;jpd;
cs;nsna j=;fpapUf;ft[k;.
nkw;fz;l mwptpg;igf; nfl;l eP=;fs;/ c=;fisa[k; c=;fs; FLk;gj;jhiua[k; fhg;ghw;Wk;
tifapy; bra;a[k; bray;fis thpirg;gLj;jp vGJf.
g[aypd; nghJ btspna bry;y khl;nld;.
bjhiyngrp kpd;rhjd=;fs; gad;gLj;Jtijj; jtph;g;ngd;.
khoapy; ,Ug;gijj; jtph;j;Jj; jsg; gFjpapnyna FLk;gj;jpdnuhL j=;Fntd;.
fhw;wog;gJ epd;whYk; thbdyp mwptpg;igf; nfl;L mjw;nfw;g bray;gLnthk;.
fiyr;brhy; mwpnthk;
Storm ? g[ay; Tornado ? Nwhtsp
Tempest ? bgU=;fhw;W Land Breeze ? epyf;fhw;W
Sea Breeze ? flw;fhw;W Whirlwind ? RHy;fhw;W

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Namma Kalvi

,ay; ,aw;if ciueil cyfk;

nfl;fpwjh vd; Fuy;-

2. bghUe;Jk; tpil thpiriaj; njh;e;bjLf;f.

14. $^d; Kjy; brg;lk;gh; tiu tPRk; gUtf;fhw;W

17. ,e;jpahtpy; fhw;whiy kpd; cw;gj;jpapy; Kjyplk; tfpf;Fk; khepyk;

29. ``ejpapy; tpisahof; bfhoapy; jiyrPtp

31. \pg;ghy!; vd;gth;

33. \p[g;ghy!; gUtf;fhw;W vd;W bgahpl;lth;fs;

39. \pg;ghy!; gUtf;fhw;wpd; gaidf; fz;lwpa[k; Kd;dnu fhw;wpd; Mw;wiyg; gad;gLj;jp

5. nkw;Ff; fhw;W Fwpg;g[ tiuf. (my;yJ) Flf;F fhw;W Fwpg;g[ tiuf.

14. Xnrhd; glyj;jpy; cUthd Xl;ilapdhy; Vw;glf;Toa jPikfs; ahit>

23. ,s=;nfhtofs; jhk; ,aw;wpa rpyg;gjpfhuj;jpy; bjd;wiy vt;thW eak;gl ciuf;fpwhh;>

 r=;ffhyg; bgz; g[yth; btz;zpf;Faj;jpahh; fhpfhy bgUtsj;jhidg; g[fH;e;J ghoa

fw;git fw;wgpd; gf;fk;: 30

,ay; ,aw;if ftpijg; ngiH

1. ``cdf;Fg; ghl;Lfs; ghLfpnwhk;

1. trd ftpij ? Fwpg;g[ tiuf.

1. fPH;f;fhz;gdtw;Ws; bghUe;jhj ,iziaf; fz;Lgpo.

14. cdf;Fg; ghl;Lfs; ghLfpnwhk;

16. g[Jf;ftpij vd;w totk; cUthff; fhuzk;

18. gf;f kiyfs; cile;J bts;sk;

19. `,dpa thrida[ld; th~ vd;W ghujp miHj;jJ

1. ghujpahhpd; gilg;g[fs; rpytw;iwf; TW.

4. ghujpahh; ,jHhrphpauhfg; gzpahw;wpa ,jH;fspd; bgah;fis vGJ.

1. `fhw;nw th~ ghlypy; ghujpahh; TWk; bra;jp ahJ>

3. g[Jf;ftpij vd;w totk; cUthff; fhuzk; ahJ>

1. ,t;trd ftpijapy; ,lk; bgw;Ws;s ntz;Lnfhs; brhw;fSk; fl;lisr; brhw;fSk;

M) fpYfpY fpYfp bydt[k; ; `fpf;fP~

,ay; ,aw;if ftpijg; ngiH

1. `ghL,kpH; gdpf;fly; gUfp~ vd;Dk; Ky;iyg;ghl;L mo czh;j;Jk; mwptpay; bra;jp

1. Ky;iyg; ghl;oy; cs;s fhh;fhyr; bra;jpiaj; bjhFj;J vGJf.

``,d;nd tUFth;/ jhah; vd;nghs;

3. Ky;iyg;ghl;L E}y; ve;j E}y; tifiar; rhh;e;jJ>

14. Ky;iyg;ghl;L vd;Dk; E}iy ,aw;wpath;

16. `ede;jiy cyfk;~ vd;gjpy; `ede;jiy~ vd;gjd; bghUs;

18. bghUj;jpf; fhl;Lf :

19. bghwpj;j ? gFgj cWg;gpyf;fzj;jpd;go gphpf;Fk; Kiw

20. jiytpf;fhf ew;brhy; nfl;L epd;wth;fs;

21. rpWjhk;g[f; fapw;why; fl;lg;gl;l vJ grpahy; thof; bfhz;oUe;jJ>

22. grpahy; thof; bfhz;oUe;j ,s=;fd;wpd; tUj;jj;ijf; fz;lts;

24. `ed;dh; ed;bkhHp nfl;ldk;~ ? ahh; ahhplk; TwpaJ>

25. ghlg;gFjpapy; ,lk;bgw;Ws;s Ky;iyg;ghl;od; mofs;

26. Ky;iyapd; epyk;

27. ,Uj;jYk; ,Uj;jy; epkpj;jKk; (fhj;jpUj;jy;) ve;epyj;Jf;Fhpa chpg;bghUs;

1. Ky;iyg;ghl;L E}y; Fwpg;g[ tiuf.

4. ,s=;fd;W tUe;jf; fhuzk; ahJ>

fw;git fw;wgpd; gf;fk;: 35

1. Ky;iyg;ghl;od; fhl;rpfspypUe;J r=;ffhy kf;fspd; thH;f;ifr; NHiy czu Kofpwjh>

,ay; ,aw;if tphpthdk;

1. g[aypny xU njhzp fijapy; ,lk;bgw;Ws;s tUzidfSk; mLf;Fj; bjhlh;fSk;

 thDk; flYk;/ tspa[k; kiHa[k; kPz;Lk; xd;W nrh;e;J Tf;Fuy; ,l;lJ.

1. g[aypny xU njhzp vd;gJ

4. ,y=;if je;j g[aypd; bgah;

11. bjd;fpHf;fhrpag; nghh; @z;ljpy; knyrpah/ ,e;njhndrpah gFjpfspy; epfH;tjhf cs;s

12. g[aypny xU njhzp vd;Dk; g[jpdj;jpd; _______ vd;Dk; mj;jpahaj;jpd; RUf;fg;gl;l

17. `gy; gHg; gytpd; ga=;bfG bfhy;yp~ vd;W Fwpg;gpLk; E}y;

21. `f$h~ g[aypd; bgaiuj; je;j ehL

22. `bga;l;o~ g[aypd; bgaiuj; je;j ehL

25. ______ E}w;whz;od; bjhlf;fj;jpy; bjw;fhrpa ehLfspy; gy;ntW ehLfisr; nrh;e;jth;fs;

26. g. rp=;fhuk; ,uz;lhk; cyfg; nghh; epfH;e;j nghJ ,Ue;j ,lk;

28. bghUj;jpf; fhl;Lf.

14. $^d; Kjy; brg;lk;gh; tiu tPRk; gUtf;fhw;W

39. \pg;ghy!; gUtf;fhw;wpd; gaidf; fz;lwpa[k; Kd;dnu fhw;wpd; Mw;wiyg; gad;gLj;jp

r=;ffhyg; bgz; g[yth; btz;zpf;Faj;jpahh; fhpfhy bgUtsj;jhidg; g[fH;e;J ghoa

1. fPH;f;fhz;gdtw;Ws; bghUe;jhj ,iziaf; fz;Lgpo.

1. ,t;trd ftpijapy; ,lk; bgw;Ws;s ntz;Lnfhs; brhw;fSk; fl;lisr; brhw;fSk;

1. `ghL,kpH; gdpf;fly; gUfp~ vd;Dk; Ky;iyg;ghl;L mo czh;j;Jk; mwptpay; bra;jp

1. Ky;iyg;ghl;od; fhl;rpfspypUe;J r=;ffhy kf;fspd; thH;f;ifr; NHiy czu Kofpwjh>

1. g[aypny xU njhzp fijapy; ,lk;bgw;Ws;s tUzidfSk; mLf;Fj; bjhlh;fSk;

thDk; flYk;/ tspa[k; kiHa[k; kPz;Lk; xd;W nrh;e;J Tf;Fuy; ,l;lJ.

11. bjd;fpHf;fhrpag; nghh; @z;ljpy; knyrpah/ ,e;njhndrpah gFjpfspy; epfH;tjhf cs;s

12. g[aypny xU njhzp vd;Dk; g[jpdj;jpd; _______ vd;Dk; mj;jpahaj;jpd; RUf;fg;gl;l

25. ______ E}w;whz;od; bjhlf;fj;jpy; bjw;fhrpa ehLfspy; gy;ntW ehLfisr; nrh;e;jth;fs;

1. flypy; g[aypd; jhf;fj;jpdhy; Vw;gl;l gjw;wj;ij btspg;gLj;j mLf;Fj; bjhlh;fSk;

3. btz;ilf;fha;g; bghhpay; nkhh;f;FHk;gf