Namma Kalvi 10th Tamil Unit 2 Surya Guide

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in
Mk; tFg;g[ Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH 45
,ay; ,aw;if ciueil cyfk;
nfl;fpwjh vd; Fuy;-

2
ghlE}y; tpdhf;fs;
gyt[s; bjupf
1. bra;jp 1 : x
t;nthu; Mz;Lk; $^d; 15I cyff; fhw;W ehshff; bfhz;lho tUfpnwhk;.
bra;jp 2 : fhw;whiy kpd;cw;gj;jpapy; ,e;jpahtpy; jkpHfk; ,uz;lhkplk; vd;gJ vdf;Fg;
bgUikna.
bra;jp 3 : fhw;wpd; Mw;wiyg; gad;gLj;jpf; fly; fle;J tzpfk; bra;J mjpy; btw;wp
fz;ltu;fs; jkpHu;fs;.
m) bra;jp 1 kl;Lk; rup M) bra;jp 1/ 2 Mfpad rup
,) bra;jp 3 kl;Lk; rup <) bra;jp 1/ 3 Mfpad rup
[tpil: <) bra;jp 1/ 3 Mfpad rup]
2. bghUe;Jk; tpil tupiriaj; nju;e;bjLf;f.

i) bfhz;ly; ? 1. nkw;F
ii) nfhil ? 2. bjw;F
iii) thil ? 3. fpHf;F
iv) bjd;wy; ? 4. tlf;F
m) 1/ 2/ 3/ 4 M) 3/ 1/ 4/ 2
[tpil: M) 3/ 1/ 4/ 2]
,ay; 2
,) 4/ 3/ 2/ 1 <) 3/ 4/ 1/ 2
FWtpdh
1. èkf;F capu; fhw;W
fhw;Wf;F tuk; kuk; ? ku=;fis
btl;o vwpahky; el;L tsu;g;nghk;~

?,J nghd;W cyff; fhw;W ehs; tpHpg;g[zu;t[f;fhd ,uz;L KHf;fj; bjhlu;fis vGJf.
capu;fspd; Rthrk; fhw;W-
fhw;wpd; Rthrk; kuk;-
J}a;ikia nerpg;nghk;-
J}a fhw;iwr; Rthrpg;nghk;-
rpWtpdh
1. capuhf ehd;/ gy bgau;fspy; ehd;/ ehd;F jpirfspYk; ehd;/ ,yf;fpaj;jpy; ehd;/ Ke;ePu;
ehtha; Xl;oahf ehd;......... Kjypa jiyg;g[fspy; fhw;W jd;idg; gw;wpg; ngRfpwJ. ,t;thW
èPu;~ jd;idg; gw;wpg; ngrpdhy; ........... c=;fSila fw;gidapy; jiyg;g[fis vGJf.
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46 Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH Mk; tFg;g[
ehnd- ePu;
cyfpy; Kf;fhy; ghfk; ehd;
ehd; ,y;iy vd;why; cyfk; ,y;iy
Mjtdpd; mizg;gpy; fUt[w;W
nkfkha; tsu;e;J
kiHaha; gpwg;ngd; ehd;
tpz;zpypUe;J ehd; tpGe;jhy;
vd;idf; fz;L cyfk; rpupf;Fk;
kiyapy; tpGe;J
ejpapy; Xo
flypy; r=;fkpf;Fk;
rupj;jpu ehafd; ehd;.
2. nrhiyf; (g{=;fh) fhw;Wk; kpd;tprpwpf; fhw;Wk; ngrpf;bfhs;tJnghy; Xu; ciuahly; mikf;f.
kpd; tprpwpf; fhw;W : ez;gh- th v=;bfy;yhk; Rw;wpj; jpupe;J tUfpwha;>
vd;idg; nghy; epiyahf Xuplj;jpypUe;J tPrf; Tlhjh.
nrhiyf;fhw;W : eP Xuplj;jpy; ,Ue;J epiyahf tPrpdhYk; cd;id ,af;f xUtu; njit.
mJ kl;Lky;yhky; eP bfhLf;Fk; btg;gf;fhw;iw kdpju;fs; ntW
tHpapd;wp gad;gLj;Jfpd;wdu;. kpd;rhuk; jilg; gl;lhYk; kdpju;fs;
cd;id ,af;f KoahJ.
kpd; tprpwpf; fhw;W : kdpju;fs; cd;id tpUk;g[fpwhu;fsh>
nrhiyf;fhw;W : Mk;/ ehd; kf;fSf;Ff; Fspu;e;j fhw;iwf; bfhLf;fpnwd;. vd;dpypUe;J
kpd;rhuk; jahupf;fpd;wdu;. fhw;whiy kpd; cw;gj;jpapy; ,e;jpah Ie;jhk;
,lj;jpYk; jkpHfk; Kjy; ,lj;jpYk; cs;sJ. g[Jg;gpf;ff; Toa tskhd
vd;idg; gad;gLj;jp kpd;dhw;wiy cUthf;Fk; nghJ epyf;fupapd;
njit Fiwe;J fdpk ts=;fs; ghJfhf;fg;gLfpwJ.
,ay; 2
kpd; tprpwpf; fhw;W : ,j;jid rpwg;g[fs; bfhz;l cd;id itj;J xU g[J bkhHpia
cyfpw;Ff; Twg;nghfpnwd;.
nrhiyf;fhw;W : mg;goah! mg;g[J bkhHp ahJ>
kpd; tprpwpf; fhw;W : ``fhw;Ws;s nghnj kpd;rhuk; vLj;Jf; bfhs;~~.
beLtpdh
1. kyu;e;Jk; kyuhj ghjpkyu; nghy

tsUk; tpHp tz;znk ? te;J
tpoe;Jk; tpoahj fhiyg; bghGjhf
tpise;j fiy md;dnk
ejpapy; tpisaho bfhoapy; jiyrPtp
ele;j ,se;bjd;wny ? tsu;
bghjpif kiynjhd;wp kJiu efu; fz;L
bghype;j jkpH; kd;wnk
? ftp+u; fz;zjhrdpd; ,g;ghlypy; jtGk; fhw;iwa[k; ftpij eaj;ija[k; ghuhl;o ciu
bra;f.
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fhw;iwg; ghuhl;ly; :
kyu;e;j kyuhj ghjp kyiua[k;/ tpoe;Jk; tpoahj fhiyg; bghGija[k; tpUk;ghjhu;
vtUkpy;iy. midtUk; fhw;whfpa cd;ida[k; eP ,se;bjd;wyhf tUk; nghJ tpUk;g[tu;
vdf; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shu; fz;zjhrd;. fhw;whdJ ejpfis tUoa[k;/ bro bfhofis tUoa[k;
,se;bjd;wyhf tUfpwJ. fhw;iwg; nghynt jkpGk; midtuhYk; tpUk;gj;jf;fjha;
,Uf;fpwJ. bjw;fpYs;s bghjpif kiyapy; njhd;wpa jkpGf;F kJiuapny r=;fk; itj;J
mHfpa jkpH; tsu;j;jjhft[k; fUj;Jf; bfhs;syhk;;.
ftp eak;:
ftp+u; fz;zjhrdpd; ghlypy; vJif/ nkhid/ ,iag[ ,iae;njhLk; tifapYk;
fw;gid fhl;rpaspf;Fk; tifapYk;/ mzp mHFw tifapYk;/ re;j jhskpl;L brhe;jk;
bfhz;lhLk; jd; ftp eaj;ijf; fhl;rpgLj;jpa[s;shu;.
rhd;W:
nkhid : tsUk; tz;znk
vJif : ejpapy; bghjpif
Kuz; : kyu;e;Jk; × kyuhj
tpoe;Jk; × tpoahj
,iag[ : tz;znk md;dnk
mzp : ghjp kyu; nghy tsUk; tpHp tz;znk (ctikazp te;Js;sJ)
TLjy; tpdhf;fs;
gyt[s; bjupf
1. bjd;nkw;Fg; gUtf;fhw;W ,e;jpahtpw;F vj;jid tpGf;fhL kiHg;bghHptpidj; jUfpwJ>

m) Ik;gJ M) mWgJ
,ay; 2
,) vGgJ <) vz;gJ [tpil: ,) vGgJ]
2.
jha;yhe;J kd;dupd; KoNl;L tpHhtpw;F vg;ghly;fisj; jha;bkhHpapy; vGjp itj;Jg;
ghLfpwhu;fs;>
m) jpUke;jpuk;/ jpUthrfk; M) jpUf;Fws;/ jpUke;jpuk;
,) jpUtUl;gh/ jpUg;ghit <) jpUbtk;ghit/ jpUg;ghit
[tpil: <) jpUbtk;ghit/ jpUg;ghit]
3. bghUj;Jf.
1. @r;R ? m) ePu;
2. jhfk; ? M) epyk;
3. ciwtJ ? ,) fhw;W
4. xsp ? <) fjputd;
m) 1.M 2.m 3.< 4., M) 1., 2.M 3.m 4.<
,) 1.< 2., 3.M 4.m <) 1., 2.m 3.M 4.< [tpil: <) 1., 2.m 3.M 4.<]
4. cyfk; Ik;g{j=;fshy; MdJ vd;wtu;>
m) jpU@yu; M) mfj;jpau;
,) ts;Stu; <) bjhy;fhg;gpau; [tpil: <) bjhy;fhg;gpau;]
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5. ``tha[ tHf;fk; mwpe;J brwpe;jl=;fpy;

Ma[s; bgUf;fk; cz;lhk;~~ vd;w ghlyoiag; ghoatu;
m) jpU@yu; M) xsitahu;
,) bjhy;fhg;gpau; <) fk;gu; [tpil: M) xsitahu;]
6. bghUj;Jf.
1. nkw;F ? m) thil
2. tlf;F ? M) Flf;F
3. bjw;F ? ,) Fzf;F
4. fpHf;F ? <) bjd;wy;
m) 1.< 2., 3.m 4.M M) 1.M 2.m 3.< 4.,
,) 1.M 2.m 3., 4.< <) 1., 2.< 3.M 4.m [tpil: M) 1.M 2.m 3.< 4.,]
7. ``Ke;ePu;~~ vd;gjd; bghUs;
m) fly; M) fg;gy;
,) gazk; <) ePu; [tpil: m) fly;]
8. bghUe;jhj xd;wpidj; nju;t[ bra;f.
m) tsp M) bjd;wy;
,) g[ay; <) fly; [tpil: <) fly;]
9. ``tz;blhL g[f;f kztha;j; bjd;wy;~~ vdf; TWk; E}y; vJ>
m) bjd;wy; tpL J}J M) rpyg;gjpfhuk;
,) kzpnkfiy <) g[wehD}W [tpil: M) rpyg;gjpfhuk;]
10. gj;kfpupehju; bjd;wy; tpL J}J vd;w E}ypd; Mrpupau;>
m) ,s=;nfhtofs;
M) xsitahu;
,) gygl;lilr; brhf;fehjg; g[ytu;
,ay; 2
<) jpU@yu; [tpil: ,) gygl;lilr; brhf;fehjg; g[ytu;]
11. `tspbjhHpy; Mz;l cunthd;~ ? vdf; Fwpg;gplg;gLk; kd;dd;

m) fupfhyd; M) ,uhruhrd;
,) ,uhnre;jpud; <) ghHp [tpil: m) fupfhyd;]
12. fupfhy; bgUtsj;jhidg; g[fH;e;J ghoa r=;ffhyg; bgz;g[ytu;

m) xsitahu; M) Mjpke;jpahu;
,) ms;Au; ed;Ky;iyahu; <) btz;zpf; Faj;jpahu;
[tpil: <) btz;zpf; Faj;jpahu;]
13. Krpwp JiwKfj;Jf;F tpiutpy; gazk; bra;a[k; g[jpa tHpiaf; fz;Lgpoj;j fpnuf;f khYkp
m) \pg;ghy!; M) a[thd;Rth=;f;
,) gpisdp <) jhykp [tpil: m) \pg;ghy!;]
14. $^d; Kjy; brg;lk;gu; tiu tPRk; gUtf;fhw;W

m) tlfpHf;Fg; gUtf; fhw;W M) bjd;nkw;Fg; gUtf; fhw;W
,) tlnkw;Fg; gUtf; fhw;W <) bjd;fpHf;Fg; gUtf; fhw;W
[tpil: M) bjd;nkw;Fg; gUtf; fhw;W]
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15. mf;nlhgu; Kjy; ork;gu; tiu tPRk; gUtf;fhw;W

m) tlfpHf;Fg; gUtf; fhw;W M) bjd;nkw;Fg; gUtf; fhw;W
,) tlnkw;Fg; gUtf; fhw;W <) bjd;fpHf;Fg; gUtf; fhw;W
[tpil: m) tlfpHf;Fg; gUtf; fhw;W]
16. cyff; fhw;whiy cw;gj;jpapy; Ie;jhk; ,lk; bgw;Ws;s ehL

m) ,e;jpah M) mbkupf;fh
,) rPdh <) $g;ghd; [tpil: m) ,e;jpah]
17. ,e;jpahtpy; fhw;whiy kpd; cw;gj;jpapy; Kjyplk; tfpf;Fk; khepyk;
m) F$uhj; M) nfush
,) jkpH;ehL <) Me;jpuh [tpil: ,) jkpH;ehL]
18. cyfpnyna mjpf mst[[ khRgLj;Jk; ehLfspy; ,uz;lhkplk; bgw;Ws;s ehL

m) rPdh M) mnugpah
,) ,e;jpah <) $g;ghd; [tpil: ,) ,e;jpah]
19. ,e;jpahtpy; kpFe;j capupHg;igj; jUk; fhuzpfspy; Ie;jhkplk; bgWtJ

m) fhw;W khR M) ePu; khR
,) epy khR <) xyp khR [tpil: m) fhw;W khR]
20. cyff; fhw;W ehs;

m) $^d; 15 M) $îy 15
,) $dtup 15 <) ork;gu; 10 [tpil: m) $^d; 15]
21. à[dpbrg;~ vd;gJ
m) gUtepiy khWghL M) rpWtu; epjpak;
,) cyf Rfhjhu epWtdk; <) cyf t=;fp epWtdk; [tpil: M) rpWtu; epjpak;]
22. ``g{=;fhw;nw- ,j;jid ehs; cidg; ghlhjpUe;Jtpl;nld;~~ vd;W tUe;jpa ftp+u;
m) jdpehaf mofs; M) njtnfhl;il th.@u;j;jp
,ay; 2
,) ,s=;Fkudhu; <) ghujpahu; [tpil: M) njtnfhl;il th.@u;j;jp]
23. capupd thH;tpd; mog;gil

m) ,aw;if M) braw;if
,) kdpjd; <) ku=;fs; [tpil: m) ,aw;if]
24. bjhy;fhg;gpau;/ cyfk; vd;gJ vjdhy; MdJ vd;fpwhu;>
m) flt[shy; M) kdpjdhy;
,) Ik;bgUk; g{j=;fshy; <) ,d;gJd;g=;fshy; [tpil: ,) Ik;bgUk; g{j=;fshy;]
25. @r;Rg;gapw;rpna cliyg; ghJfhj;J thH;ehis ePl;of;Fk; vd;W Twpatu; ahu;> Twg;gl;l
E}y; vJ>
m) khzpf;fthrfu;/ jpUthrfk; M) jpU@yu;/ jpUke;jpuk;
,) jpUeht[f;furu;/ njthuk; <) xsitahu;/ Mj;jpr;No
[tpil: M) jpU@yu;/ jpUke;jpuk;]
26. `tz;blhL g[f;f kztha;j; bjd;wy;~ ? vd;W ciuj;jtu; ahu;>

m) xsitahu;
M) ,s=;nfhtofs;
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,) gygl;lilr; brhf;fehjg;g[ytu;
<) FkuFUguu; [tpil: M) ,s=;nfhtofs;]
27. bjd;wy; fhw;W vd miHf;fg;glf; fhuzk;
m) kuk;/ bro/ bfho/ MW/ kiy jhz;o tUtJ
M) ntfkhf tPRtJ
,) RHd;W tPRtJ
<) kzw;gFjpapypUe;J tPRtJ [tpil: m) kuk;/ bro/ bfho/ MW/ kiy jhz;o tUtJ]
28. èe;jkpGk; jz;bghUie ed;djpa[k; nru; bghUg;gpw;
bre;jkpHpd; gpd;Djpj;j bjd;wny~ ? vd;W bgz;bzhUj;jp/ J}J bry;y fhw;wpid
miHj;jjhfg; ghoatu;
m) xsitahu;
M) ,s=;nfhtofs;
,) gygl;lilr; brhf;fehjg;g[ytu;
<) FkuFUguu; [tpil: ,) gygl;lilr; brhf;fehjg;g[ytu;]
29. `èjpapy; tpisahof; bfhoapy; jiyrPtp

ele;j ,se;bjd;wny~~ ? vd;w ghliy ,aw;wpatu;
m) thyp M) fz;zjhrd;
,) ituKj;J <) kPuh [tpil: M) fz;zjhrd;]
30. esp,U Ke;ePu; ehtha; Xl;o
tspbjhHpy; Mz;l cunthd; kUf-
fsp,ay; ahidf; fupfhy; tst-~~ ? vd;W gH=;fhyj;jpy; fly; fle;j gaz=;fs; midj;Jk;
fhw;wpdhy; ,af;fg;gl;l gha;kuf; fg;gy;fshy;jhd; epfH;e;jd vd;W Fwpg;gpLk; E}y;
m) g[wehD}W M) mfehD}W
,) gupghly; <) fypj;bjhif [tpil: m) g[wehD}W]
,ay; 2
31. \pg;ghy!; vd;gtu;

m) fpnuf;f khYkp M) nghu;r;Rf;fPrpa khYkp
,) gpbu+;R kUj;Jtu; <) M=;fpy MSeu;; [tpil: m) fpnuf;f khYkp]
32.
gUtf; fhw;wpd; cjtpapdhy; Krpwpj; JiwKfj;jpw;F nenu eLf;fly; tHpahf tpiutpy;
gazk; bra;a[k; g[jpa tHpiaf; fz;Lgpoj;jtu;
m) th!;nfhlfhkh M) \pg;ghy!;
,) ghu;j;jnyhkpnah la!; <) blkh!;jdp!; [tpil: M) \pg;ghy!;]
33. \p[g;ghy!; gUtf;fhw;W vd;W bgaupl;ltu;fs;

m) atdu; M) rPdu;
,) M=;fpnyau; <) mbkupf;fu; [tpil: m) atdu;]
34. \pg;ghy!; gUtf;fhw;W fz;Lgpof;fg;gl;l E}w;whz;L
m) fp.gp. Kjy; E}w;whz;L M) fp.K. Kjy; E}w;whz;L
,) fp.gp. ,uz;lhk; E}w;whz;L <) fp.K. ,uz;lhk; E}w;whz;L
[tpil: m) fp.gp. Kjy; E}w;whz;L]
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35. btz;zpf;Faj;jpahu; vd;gtu;

m) r=;ffhyg; bgz; g[ytu; M) fhg;gpa ehafp
,) ghz;okhnjtp <) ,ilf;fhyg; bgz; g[ytu;
[tpil: m) r=;ffhyg; bgz; g[ytu;]
36. ``fsp,ay; ahidf; fupfhy; tst-~~ vd;W ghoatu;

m) fhf;ifg; ghodpahu; M) btz;zpf;Faj;jpahu;
,) bts;sptPjpahu; <) eg;griyahu; [tpil: M) btz;zpf;Faj;jpahu;]
37. btz;zpf;Faj;jpahu; fupfhy; tstidg; g[fH;e;J ghLk; ghlypy; `tsp~ vdf; Fwpg;gplg;gLtJ
m) typik M) fhw;W
,) tpiut[ <) tWik [tpil: M) fhw;W]
38. gUtf;fhw;wpd; gaid cyfpw;F czu;j;jpa fpnuf;f mwp+u;

m) blkh!;jdp!; M) \pg;ghy!;
,) bgu;dhl;&h <) rhf;uO!; [tpil: M) \pg;ghy!;]
39. \pg;ghy!; gUtf;fhw;wpd; gaidf; fz;lwpa[k; Kd;dnu fhw;wpd; Mw;wiyg; gad;gLj;jp fly;
tzpfj;jpy; btw;wp fz;ltu;fs;
m) tl ,e;jpau;fs; M) Mg;gpupf;fu;fs;
,) jkpHu;fs; <) Inuhg;gpau;fs; [tpil: ,) jkpHu;fs;]
40. ,e;jpahtpd; KJbfYk;g[

m) bert[ M) ntshz;ik
,) fl;olj;bjhHpy; <) ngust[ Cw;gj;jp [tpil: M) ntshz;ik]
41. fhw;W jhH;t[ kz;lykha;j; jtH;e;J g[ayha; khWk; fhyk;
m) bjd;nkw;Fg; gUtf;fhyk; M) bjd;fpHf;Fg; gUtf;fhyk;
,) tlnkw;Fg; gUtf;fhyk; <) tlfpHf;Fg; gUtf;fhyk;
[tpil: <) tlfpHf;Fg; gUtf;fhyk;]
,ay; 2
42. `tspkpfpd; typ ,y;iy~ vd;W ghoatu; ahu;> E}y; vJ>
m) g[wehD}W/ Ia{u; Kltdhu; M) Mj;jpr;No/ xsitahu;
,) fypj;bjhif/ ey;ye;Jtdhu; <) g[wehD}W/ ,sehfdhu;
[tpil: m) g[wehD}W/ Ia{u; Kltdhu;]
43. fL=;fhw;W/ kziyf; bfhz;L te;J nru;f;fpwJ vd;W TWk; E}y; vJ> Twpatu; ahu;>
m) g[wehD}W/ Ia{u; Kltdhu; M) Mj;jpr;No/ xsitahu;
,) fypj;bjhif/ ey;ye;Jtdhu; <) g[wehD}W/ kJiu ,sehfdhu;
[tpil: <) g[wehD}W/ kJiu ,sehfdhu;]
44. g[wCjhf; fjpu;fisj; jLf;Fk; muz;

m) Xnrhd; glyk; M) vupfw;fs;
,) tpobts;sp <) fhL [tpil: m) Xnrhd; glyk;]
45. Fspu;gjdg;bgl;o btspapLk; er;Rf;fhw;W
m) fhu;gd;?il?Mf;irL M) Fnshnuh g[nshnuh fhu;gd;
,) Mf;rp$d; <) i\l;nuh fhu;gd;
[tpil: M) Fnshnuh g[nshnuh fhu;gd;]
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46.
Fnshnuh g[nshnuh fhu;gd; thapyhf cUthFk; ghjpg;g[fisf; Fiwf;Fk; tpjkhfg;
gad;gLj;jg;gLk; Fspu;gjdp ________.
m) i\l;nuh fhu;gd; M) fhu;gd; nkhdhf;irL
,) iel;u$d; <) i\l;u$d; [tpil: m) i\l;nuh fhu;gd;]
47. fe;jf il Mf;irL/ iel;u$d; il Mf;irL Mfpait kiH bga;a[k; nghJ ePupy; fiue;J
tpLtjhy; bga;tJ ________.
m) mkpy kiH M) fy; kiH
,) fd kiH <) kpjkhd kiH [tpil: m) mkpy kiH]
48. mkpy kiHahy; Jd;gj;jpw;F cs;shFgit

i) kz; ii) ePu;
iii) fl;ll=;fs; iv) fhLfs;
v) ePu;thH; capupd=;fs;
m) i, ii - rup M) iii, iv - rup
,) iv, v - rup <) Ie;Jk; rup [tpil: <) Ie;Jk; rup]
49. Fnshnuh g[nshnuh fhu;gdpd; xU @yf;TW/ Xnrhd; @yf;TWfisr; rpijj;J tpLk;.
m) Xuhapuk; M) <uhapuk;
,) xU ,yl;rk; <) xU nfho [tpil: ,) xU ,yl;rk;]
50. xU kzpj;Jspf;F 12 Kjy; 18 Kiw @r;Rf;fhw;wha; ehk; btspapLtJ

m) Mf;rp$d; M) iel;u$d;
,) fhu;gd;?il?Mf;irL <) i\l;u$d; [tpil: ,) fhu;gd;?il?Mf;irL]
51. ku=;fs; ek; EiuaPuYf;Fj; njitahd vijj; jUfpwJ>

m) capu; tsp (Mf;rp$d;) M) fhu;gd;?il?Mf;irL
,) iel;u$d; <) i\l;u$d; [tpil: m) capu; tsp (Mf;rp$d;)]
52.
jha;yhe;J kd;dupd; KoNl;L tpHhtpy; jpUbtk;ghit/ jpUg;ghit ghly;fisj;
jha;bkhHpapy; vGjp itj;Jg; ghLfpd;wdu; vd;W Fwpg;gpl;Ls;stu;
,ay; 2
m) kiwkiyaofs; M) jdpehaf mofs;

,) +hdpahuofs; <) mKjd; mofs; [tpil: M) jdpehaf mofs;]
53. ,aw;ifapd; TWfspy; vjpd; g=;F TLjyhdJ>

m) epyj;jpd; M) ePupd;
,) beUg;gpd; <) fhw;wpd; [tpil: <) fhw;wpd;]
54. nfl;fpwjh vd; Fuy; ? vd;Dk; ghlg;gFjp ahUila Fuyhf vjpbuhypf;fpwJ>
m) epyk; M) ePu;
,) fhw;W <) thdk; [tpil: ,) fhw;W]
55. jh$;kfhy; fl;lg;gl;l E}w;whz;L

m) fp.gp. 16 M) fp.gp. 17
,) fp.gp. 15 <) fp.gp. 18 [tpil: M) fp.gp. 17]
FWtpdh
1. @r;Rg;gapw;rp Fwpj;Jj; jpU@yu; Twpa bra;jp ahJ>

@r;Rg;gapw;rpna cliyg; ghJfhj;J thH;ehis ePl;of;Fk; vd;W Twpa[s;shu;.
www.nammakalvi.in
2. fhw;iwf; Fwpf;Fk; ntW bgau;fs; ahit>

fhw;W/ tsp/ bjd;wy;/ g[ay;/ Nwhtsp.
3. gUtepiy/ NHy;/ tPRk; ntfk; Mfpatw;wpw;nfw;g fhw;wpw;F tH=;fg;gLk; gy;ntW bgau;fisf;
TW.
bjd;wy; fhw;W/ g{=;fhw;W/ fly; fhw;W/ gdpf;fhw;W/ thilf;fhw;W/ nky; fhw;W/ fPH;f;fhw;W/
bkd; fhw;W/ ,se;bjd;wy;/ g[Gjpf;fhw;W/ Mof;fhw;W/ fL=;fhw;W/ g[ay; fhw;W/ nga;f;fhw;W/
RHy; fhw;W/ Nwhtspf;fhw;W.
4. fpHf;Ff; fhw;W Fwpg;g[ tiuf. (my;yJ) bfhz;ly; fhw;W Fwpg;g[ tiuf.
fpHf;fpypUe;J tPRk; fhw;W bfhz;ly; fhw;W.
kiHiaj; jUtjhy; kiHf;fhw;W vd;Wk; miHf;fg;gLfpwJ.
5. nkw;Ff; fhw;W Fwpg;g[ tiuf. (my;yJ) Flf;Ff; fhw;W Fwpg;g[ tiuf.
nkw;fpypUe;J mjpf typiknahL tPRk;.

twz;l epyg;gFjpapypUe;J tPRtjhy; btg;gf;fhw;W my;yJ nfhilf;fhw;W vd
miHf;fg;gLfpwJ.
6. thilf;fhw;W Fwpg;g[ tiuf.
tlf;fpypUe;J tPRk; fhw;W thilf;fhw;W.
gdpg;gFjpapypUe;J tPRtjhy; Fspu;r;rpahd Cijf;fhw;W vdt[k; miHf;fg; gLfpwJ.
7. bjd;wy; fhw;W Fwpg;g[ tiuf.
bjw;fpypUe;J tPRk; fhw;W bjd;wy; fhw;W.
kuk;/ bro/ bfho/ MW/ kiy/ gs;sj;jhf;F vdg; gy jilfisj; jhz;o tUtjhy; ntfk;
Fiwe;J ,jkhd fhw;iwj; jUfpwJ.
8. ehw;wpirapd; bgau;fisa[k; mtw;wpd; ntW bgau;fisa[k; vGJ.
jpirfs; ntW bgau;fs;
fpHf;F ? Fzf;F
,ay; 2
nkw;F ? Flf;F
tlf;F ? thil
bjw;F ? bjd;wy;
9. fhw;W Fwpj;J rpyg;gjpfhuj;jpy; ,s=;nfhtofs; Twpa bra;jp ahJ>
bjd;wy; fhw;W gytpj kyu;fspd; eWkzj;ij ms;sp tUfpwJ" Tlnt tz;Lfisa[k;
miHj;J tUfpwJ vd ,s=;nfhtofs; Twpa[s;shu;.
10. ,Utifg; gUtf;fhw;Wfs; ahit>
bjd;nkw;Fg; gUtf;fhw;W/ tlfpHf;Fg; gUtf;fhw;W.
11. bjd;nkw;Fg; gUtf;fhw;W Fwpg;g[ tiuf.
$^d; Kjy; brg;lk;gu; tiu bjd;nkw;Fg; gUtf;fhw;Wf; fhyk;.
,it kiHg;bghHptpidj; jUfpd;wd.

,e;jpahtpw;Fj; njitahd vGgJ tpGf;fhL kiHapid ,g;gUtf;fhw;W @yk;
bgWfpnwhk;.
12. fhw;W khriltjpdhy; Vw;gLk; neha;fs; ahit>
fz; vupr;ry;/ jiytyp/ bjhz;ilf;fl;L/ fha;r;ry;/ EiuaPuy; g[w;Wneha;/ ,isg;g[ neha;/
@is tsu;r;rpf; Fiwt[.
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13. Xnrhd; glyj;jpd; gad;fisf; TW.

fjputdplkpUe;J btsptUk; g[wCjhf; fjpu;fisj; jLf;fpwJ.
g[tpiag; nghu;it nghyr; Rw;wp fjputdpd; btg;gj;ijf; Fiwj;Jf; bfhLf;fpwJ.
14. Xnrhd; glyj;jpy; cUthd Xl;ilapdhy; Vw;glf;Toa jPikfs; ahit>
g[wCjhf; fjpu;fs; neuoahf capupd=;fisj; jhf;Ftjhy; kpFe;j Jd;gj;ij capupd=;fs;
milfpd;wd.
fz;fSk; njhYk; ghjpg;gilfpd;wd.
15. mkpy kiH vt;thW bga;fpwJ>
fhw;wpy; fye;JtpLk; fe;jf il Mf;irL/ iel;u$d; il Mf;irL Mfpait kiH bga;a[k;
nghJ ePupy; fiue;J mkpy kiHahfg; bga;fpwJ.
16. mkpy kiHapdhy; Vw;glf;Toa jPikfs; ahit>
kz;/ ePu;/ fl;ll=;fs;/ fhLfs;/ ePu;thH; capupd=;fs; kpFe;j Jd;gj;jpw;Fs;shfpd;wd.
17. Fnshnuh g[nshnuh fhu;gd; Fwpg;g[ tiuf.
Fspu;g;gjdg; bgl;oapypUe;J btsptUk; er;Rf;fhw;W Fnshnuh g[nshnuh fhu;gd;.

Fnshnuh g[nshnuh fhu;gdpd; xU @yf;TW/ xU ,yl;rk; Xnrhd; @yf;TWfisr;
rpijj;JtpLk;.
18. fhw;W khriljiyj; jtpu;f;Fk; tHpfisf; TWf.
nkk;gl;l Fg;ig nkyhz;ikia nkw;bfhs;Sjy;.
bghJg; nghf;Ftuj;Jf;F Kd;Dupik mspj;jy;.
kpd;dhw;wyhy; ,a=;Fk; Cu;jpfis kpFjpahfg; gad;gLj;Jjy;.
g[ij tot vupbghUl;fisj; (fr;rh vz;bza;/ epyf;fup) jtpu;;j;jy;.
rikaYf;F tpwFfisg; gad;gLj;jhik.
19. \pg;ghy!; gUtf;fhw;wpd; gad;fisf; TW.
g[jpa fly;tHp Vw;glf; fhuzkhdJ.
,ay; 2
fpnuf;fk; ? Krpwpf;F tpiuthd fly; gazk;.

atdf; fly; tzpfk; bgUfpaJ.
20. gUtf;fhw;W vt;thW cUthfpwJ>
fjputdpd; btg;gj;jhy; mlu;j;jp Fiwe;J nkny bry;Yk; fhw;whdJ m=;F Vw;gl;l

btw;wplj;ij epug;gp gUtf;fhw;whfpwJ.
21. fhw;whiyapd; gad;fisf; TW.
kpd;dhw;wiy cw;gj;jp bra;jy;.
epyf;fupapd; njit Fiwj;J fdpk tsk; ghJfhf;fg;gly;.
22. fhw;wpd; Mw;wy;/ ntfk; ,yf;fpa=;fspy; vt;thW Fwpg;gplg;gLfpd;wd>
fhw;wpd; Mw;wiy/ tsp kpfpd; typ ,y;iy (g[wk; 51) vd;W Ia{u; Kltdhu; rpwg;gpj;Js;shu;.
fhw;wpd; ntfj;ij/ fL=;fhw;W kziyf; bfhz;L te;J nru;f;fpwJ vd;W kJiu
,sehfdhu; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shu;.
23. ,s=;nfhtofs; jhk; ,aw;wpa rpyg;gjpfhuj;jpy; bjd;wiy vt;thW eak;gl ciuf;fpwhu;>
bjd;wyhdJ gytpj kyu;fspd; eWkzj;ij ms;sp tUfpwJ.
mt;thW tUk;nghJ Tlnt tz;Lfisa[k; miHj;J tUfpwJ.
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rpWtpdh
1. \pg;ghy!; gUtf;fhw;W Fwpg;g[ tiuf.

fp.gp. Kjy; E}w;whz;oy; thH;e;j fpnuf;f khYkp \pg;ghy!;.
,tu; gUtf;fhw;wpd; cjtpahy; Krpwpj; JiwKfj;jpw;Fg; g[jpa tHpiaf; fz;Lgpoj;jhu;.
tpiuthd gazj;jpw;F ,g;g[jpa tHp cjtpajhy; atdf; fg;gy;fs; nruu;fspd; Krpwpj;
JiwKfj;jpw;F mjpfkhf te;jd. (fpnuf;fUk; cnuhkhdpaUk; atdu; Mtu;)
atdu; ,g;gUtf;fhw;wpw;F mijf; fz;Lgpoj;j \pg;ghy!; bgaiuna Nl;odu;.
2. gUtf;fhw;wpd; tiffisf; Twp tpsf;Ff.
fjputdpd; btg;gj;jhy; Nlhfp mlu;j;jp Fiwe;J nkny bry;Yk; fhw;W m=;Fs;s btw;wplj;ij
epug;gp gUtf;fhw;whfpwJ.
gUtf;fhw;wpd; tiffs; :
bjd;nkw;Fg; gUtf;fhw;W/ tlfpHf;Fg; gUtf;fhw;W vd ,U tifg;gLk;.
bjd;nkw;Fg; gUtf;fhw;W :
$^d; Kjy; brg;lk;gu; tiu tPRk;.
,e;jpahtpw;Fj; njitahd vGgJ tpGf;fhL kiHastpidj; jUfpwJ.
tlf;fpHf;Fg; gUtf;fhw;W :
mf;nlhgu; Kjy; ork;gu; tiu tPRk;.
,e;jpahtpd; KJbfYk;ghd ntshz;ik rpwf;fpwJ.
ehL czt[ cw;gj;jpapy; jd;dpiwt[ bgw cjt[fpwJ.
3. fhw;wpd; gad;fs; ahit>
capu;tsp je;J capu;fisf; fhf;fpwJ.
,ay; 2
jhtu=;fs; xspr;nru;f;if @yk; czit cw;gj;jp bra;a cjt[fpwJ.
tpijfisg; gy ,l=;fSf;Fg; gug;g[fpwJ.
capu;r; r=;fpypj; bjhlu; mWglhjpUf;f cjt[fpwJ.
etPd bjhiyj;bjhlu;gpd; ikakhf tps=;FfpwJ.
fhw;whiy @yk; kpd;dhw;wiyg; bgWfpnwhk;.
4. fhw;W Fwpj;J ,yf;fpaj;jpy; brhy;yg;gl;l bra;jpfs; ahit>
bjd;wyhdJ kyu;fspd; eWkzj;ij ms;sp tUk; nghJ tz;Lfisa[k; miHj;J
tUfpwJ vd;W rpyg;gjpfhuj;jpy; ,s=;nfhtofs; ciuj;Js;shu;.
gygl;lilr; brhf;fehjg; g[ytu; ,aw;wpa gj;kfpupehju; bjd;wy; tpL
J}Jtpy; ``jkpGk; Fspu;r;rpahd bghUie ejpa[k; nrUk; bre;jkpH; kiyapd; gpd; njhd;wpa
bjd;wny~~ vd;W bgz;bzhUj;jp bjd;wiyj; J}J bry;tjw;fhf miHf;fpwhs;.
r=;ffhyg; bgz; g[ytu; btz;zpf;Faj;jpahu; fupfhy; bgUtsj;jhidg; g[fH;e;J ghoa
ghlypy; `tsp~ vdf; Fwpg;gpl;Lr; rpwg;gpj;Js;shu;.
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beLtpdh
1.
fhw;W ngrpaijg; nghy epyk;/ ePu;/ thdk; ngRtjhft[k; mit ,d;iwa Rw;Wr;NHy;
ghJfhg;gpid typa[Wj;Jtjhft[k; Xu; ciuahly; mikf;f.
epyk; : vd; clbyy;yhk; fha;fpwJ. vd;idf; Fspu;tpf;fkhl;lhah thdnk>
thdk; :
,jw;F ehd; vd;d bra;a Koa[k;> cd;dpy; thGk; kdpju;fs; fhLfis
mHpj;Jf; bfhz;oUf;fpwhu;fns- ku=;fis btl;Lfpwhu;fns jtpu/ mtw;iw
tsu;g;gjw;Fr; rpwpJk; rpe;jpf;fpwhu;fsh vd;gJ Iank.
epyk; :
Mk; thdnk- tUle;njhWk; kuk; eLtpHhitf;Tl el;l ,lj;jpnyna
elj;Jfpwhu;fs;. ku=;fis el;L mtw;iwg; guhkupf;Fk; gzpiar; bra;gtu;fs;
Fiwnt.
thdk; : mJt[k; rupjhd;-
ePu; :
ez;gu;fns- vd;id eP=;fSk; fz;Lbfhs;s khl;Ou;fsh> ,e;j kdpju;fs;
vd;id vg;go mGf;fhf;fp cs;shu;fs; ghu;j;jPu;fsh>
thdk; : Ianfh- cd;id milahsk; fhz;gjw;nf rpukkhf ,Uf;fpwnj-
ePu; : Mk; ez;gh-
tpz;,d;W bgha;g;gpd; tpupePu; tpaDyfj;J
cs;epd;w clw;Wk; grp
? vd;Dk; Fwl;gh/ thdnk eP kiH bga;ahky; nghdhy; mila[k; ,d;dy;fis
my;ynth TWfpwJ.
thdk; : èPupd;wp mikahJ cyF` vd;Wk; jpUf;Fws; TWfpwJ
epyk; : ``kz;jpdpe;j epyDk;
epynde;jpa tpRk;g[k;
tpRk;g[ij tU tspa[k;
,ay; 2
tspj;jiy ,a jPa[=;
jPKuzpa ePUk;/ vd;wh=;
ifk;bgUk; g{jj;jpaw;ifg; nghyg;~~ vd;W ek;ikg; gw;wpf; Fwpg;gpl;oUf;fpwhu;
r=;f ,yf;fpa E}yhd g[wehD}w;wpy;.
thdk; : ``cyfkhtJ epyk; jP ePu; tpRk;bghL
tsp Ie;Jk; fye;j kaf;fk;~~ vd;fpwhu; bjhy;fhg;gpau;.
ePu; : ``,Ug[dYk; tha;e;j kiya[k; tUg[dYk;
ty;yuQk; ehl;ow;F cWg;g[~~ vd;W ehl;ow;Fj; njitahd cWg;g[fspy;
vd;ida[k; nru;j;nj Twpa[s;shu; jpUts;Stu;.
epyk; : Rw;Wr;NHiyg; ghJfhg;gjw;fhf 1986?y; ,aw;wg;gl;Ls;s rl;lk; ,e;jpa murhy;
bray;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ.
ePu; :
Mk; ez;gh- ,aw;if rhu;e;j midj;Jk; Fwpg;ghf eP/ ehd;/ fhw;W Mfpa
fhuzpfSld; bjhlu;g[ila midj;Jf;Fk; ,r;rl;lk; bghUe;Jk;.
thdk; : kpf;f kfpH;r;rp- kdpju;fs; j=;fs; eltof;ifapy; khw;wj;ijf; bfhz;L tUthu;fs;
vd;W ek;g[nthkh-
epyk;/ ePu; : cWjpahf ez;gh-
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fw;git fw;wgpd; gf;fk;: 30

1. fhw;W ngrpaijg; nghy epyk; ngRtjhf vz;zpf; bfhz;L ngRf.
ehd;jhd; epyk; :
ehd; c=;fs; fhyofshy; kpjpgl;l nghJk; tUe;jhky; kfpH;r;rp milfpnwd;. Mdhy;
kdpju;fs; vdf;F vjpuhf bra;a[k; bray;fis vz;zp kpFe;j ntjidailfpnwd;. ehd;jhd;
epyk; ngRfpnwd;.
vd;idf; fhg;ghw;W=;fs; :
kdpju;fns- befpHpg;igfis cgnahfpg;gij epWj;J=;fs;. bjhHpw;rhiyf; fHpt[fisg;
ghJfhg;ghd Kiwapy; mg;g[wg;gLj;J=;fs;. Fg;igfisf; Fg;igj; bjhl;ofspy; nghL=;fs;.
tptrhaj;jpw;Fj; bjhG cu=;fisg; gad;gLj;J=;fs;. ,r;bray;fisr; bra;jhy; kl;Lnk
vd;idf; fhg;ghw;w Koa[k;. ehd; eykha; ,Ue;jhy; kl;Lnk c=;fshy; eykha; thH Koa[k;.
kdpju;fns rpe;jpa[=;fs;/ bray;gL=;fs;.
2. 17Mk; E}w;whz;oy; bts;isg; gsp=;Ff; fw;fshy; fl;lg;gl;L ,d;Wk; cyf tpe;ijahfj;
jpfGk; jh$;kfhy;/ ,d;wstpy; k+;rs;/ gGg;g[ vd epwk; khwpf; fhl;rpaspg;gjd; fhuz=;fisa[k;
jPu;t[fisa[k; fye;JiuahLf.
kjd; :
bts;isg; gsp=;Ff; fw;fshy; fl;lg;gl;L ,d;W cyf tpe;ijahfj; jpfGk;
jh$;kfhy;/ ,d;wstpy; k+;rs;/ gGg;g[ vd epwk; khwpf; fhl;rpaspg;gjd; fhuzk;
vd;d>
Rjd; :
Mf;uhtpy; jh$;kfhiyr; Rw;wpa[s;s njhy; bjhHpw;rhiy kw;Wk; vz;bza;
bjhHpw;rhiyfspypUe;J btspnaw;wg;gLk; ry;gu; il Mf;i!L/ iel;u$d; il
Mf;i!L kw;Wk; fhu;gd; nkhdhf;irL Mfpa jP=;F tpisf;Fk; er;R tha[f;fs;
fhw;wpy; fye;J gut[tjhy; mit bts;isg; gsp=;Ff; fw;fspd; kPJ gl;L mtw;wpd;
,ay; 2
epwj;ija[k; jd;ikiaa[k; khw;WfpwJ.
kjd; : ,jw;fhd jPu;t[jhd; vd;d>
Rjd; :
vy;.gp.$p. tha[ cUisfis kl;Lnk gad;gLj;j ntz;Lk;. epyf;fup kw;Wk;
fr;rh vz;bza; bghUl;fis vupf;ff; TlhJ vd;W 1995 Mk; Mz;oy; muR xU
rl;lk; ,aw;wpaJ. mjd;go jh$;kfhiyr; Rw;wpa[s;s Fwpg;gpl;l gFjpfs; ,d;W
tiu ,r;rl;lj;ij kjpj;J tUfpd;wd. Mfntjhd; mit nkYk; nrjkilahky;
fhf;fg;gl;L tUfpwJ.

www.nammakalvi.in
,ay; ,aw;if ftpijg; ngiH
fhw;nw th-
2 ghujpahu;
ghlE}y; tpdhf;fs;
gyt[s; bjupf
1. ``cdf;Fg; ghl;Lfs; ghLfpnwhk;

cdf;Fg; g[fH;r;rpfs; TWfpnwhk;~~
? ghujpapd; ,t;tofspy; ,lk; bgw;Ws;s ea=;fs; ahit>
m) cUtfk;/ vJif M) nkhid/ vJif
,) Kuz;/ ,iag[ <) ctik/ vJif [tpil: M) nkhid/ vJif]
FWtpdh
1. trd ftpij ? Fwpg;g[ tiuf.

ciueila[k; ftpija[k; ,ize;J ahg;g[f; fl;LfSf;F mg;ghw;gl;L cUthf;fg;gLk;.
ftpij totk; trd ftpij vdg;gLk;.
M=;fpyj;jpy; Prose Poetry vd;gu;.
jkpHpy; ghujpahu; ,jid mwpKfk; bra;jhu;.
rhd;W :
,t;t[yfk; ,dpaJ/ ,jpYs;s thd; ,dpik
,ay; 2
a[ilaJ fhw;Wk; ,dpJ ? ghujpahu;
TLjy; tpdhf;fs;
,yf;fzf; Fwpg;g[.
Rke;J/ tPrp ? tpidbar;r=;fs;
kpFe;j ? bgabur;rk;
ey;byhsp/ beL=;fhyk; ? gz;g[j;bjhiffs;
ey;yyaj;Jld; ? Fwpg;g[g;bgaur;rk;
gFgj cWg;gpyf;fzk;.
ghLfpnwhk; = ghL + fpW + Xk; tHpgLfpd;nwhk; = tHpgL + fpd;W + Xk;
ghL ? gFjp tHpgL ? gFjp
fpW ? epfH;fhy ,ilepiy fpd;W ? epfH;fhy ,ilepiy
Xk; ? jd;ikg;gd;ik Xk; ? jd;ikg;gd;ik tpidKw;W tpFjp
tpidKw;W tpFjp
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gyt[s; bjupf
1. fPH;f;fhz;gdtw;Ws; bghUe;jhj ,iziaf; fz;Lgpo.

m) kaYWj;J ? ka=;fr;bra;
M) g;uhz ? u!k; ? capu;tsp
,) yaj;Jld; ? rPuhf
<) thrid ? kdk; [tpil: <) thrid ? kdk;]
2. bghUj;jpf; fhl;Lf.
i) gh+;rhyp rgjk; ? 1. FHe;ijfSf;fhd ePjpg;ghly;
ii) Rnjrkpj;jpud; ? 2. ghuhl;lg;bgw;wtu;
iii) g[jpa Mj;jpNo ? 3. ,jH;
iv) rpe;Jf;Fj; je;ij ? 4. fhtpak;
m) 3/ 4/ 2/ 1 M) 1/ 2/ 3/ 4
,) 4/ 3/ 1/ 2 <) 2/ 4/ 1/ 3 [tpil: ,) 4/ 3/ 1/ 2]
3. èPL Japy; ePf;fg; ghote;j epyh~ vd;W ghuhl;lg;gl;ltu;.

m) ghujpahu; M) ghujpjhrd;
,) Rujh <) ftpkzp [tpil: m) ghujpahu;]
4. `rpe;Jf;Fj; je;ij~ vd;W ghuhl;lg;gl;ltu;.
5. nfypr; rpj;jpuk;/ fUj;Jg;glk; nghd;wtw;iw cUthf;fpatu;.
6. ghl;Lf;bfhU g[ytd; vd;W ghuhl;lg;bgWgtu;.
,ay; 2
7. `fhw;W~ vd;Dk; jiyg;gpy; trd ftpij vGjpatu;.
8. ``fhw;nw/ th
kfue;jj; J}isr; Rke;J bfhz;L/ kdj;ij
kaYWj;Jfpd;w ,dpa thrida[ld; th~~ ? vd;W ghoatu;
9. g;uhz?u!k; vd;w brhy; czu;j;Jk; bghUs;
m) rPuhf M) mHF
,) capu;tsp <) cly;capu; [tpil: ,) capu;tsp]
10. trd ftpijiaj; jkpHpy; mwpKfg;gLj;jpatu;
m) ghujpjhrd; M) ty;ypf;fz;zd;
,) gpr;r@u;j;jp <) ghujpahu; [tpil: <) ghujpahu;]
www.nammakalvi.in
11. `fhw;nw th~ vd;Dk; ftpijapd; Mrpupau;

,) fz;zjhrd; <) thzpjhrd; [tpil: m) ghujpahu;]
12. fhw;W vijr; Rke;J bfhz;L tu ntz;Lbkd;W ghujp miHf;fpwhu;>
m) ftpijia M) kfue;jj;J}is
,) tpLjiyia <) kiHia [tpil: M) kfue;jj;J}is]
13. bghUj;jpf; fhl;Lf:

i) kaYWj;J ? 1. ka=;fr; bra;
ii) g;uhz ? u!k; ? 2. capu;tsp
iii) yaj;Jld; ? 3. kzk;
iv) thrid ? 4. rPuhf
m) 1/ 2/ 4/ 3 M) 2/ 3/ 1/ 4
,) 3/ 2/ 1/ 4 <) 2/ 1/ 3/ 4 [tpil: m) 1/ 2/ 4/ 3]
14. M=;fpyj;jpy; Prose Poetry (Free verse) vd;wiHf;fg;gLk; totj;ijj; jkpHpy;
mwpKfg;gLj;jpatu;
m) ghujpjhrd; M) ghujpahu;
,) thzpjhrd; <) fz;zjhrd;; [tpil: M) ghujpahu;]
15. g[Jf;ftpij vd;w totk; cUthff; fhuzk;
m) ghujpapd; trd ftpij
M) $g;ghdpaupd; i\f;T
,) tPukhKdptupd; ciueil
<) fk;gupd; ftpeak; [tpil: m) ghujpapd; trd ftpij]
16. ghujpahu; Mrpupauhfg; gzpahw;wpa ,jH;fs;
i) ,e;jpah ii) Rnjrkpj;jpud;
,ay; 2
iii) vGj;J iv) fizahHp

m) i, ii - rup M) Kjy; @d;Wk; rup
,) ehd;Fk; rup <) i, ii - jtW [tpil: m) i, ii - rup]
17. gf;f kiyfs; cile;J bts;sk;
gha[J gha[J gha[J ? jhk;jupfpl
vd;w ,aw;ifbahypfis czu;t[ld; btspg;gLj;Jk; ghly;fisg; ghoatu;
,) fz;zjhrd; <) thzpjhrd; [tpil: m) ghujpahu;]
18. `,dpa thrida[ld; th~ vd;W ghujp miHj;jJ

m) fhw;W M) nkfk;
,) FHe;ij <) mUtp [tpil: m) fhw;W]
19. ghujpahu; fhw;iw `kaYWj;J~ miHg;gijf; Fwpf;Fk; brhw;bwhlu;
m) kzk; tPRk; fhw;wha; eP th
M) kdij ka=;fr; bra;a[k; kzj;njhL th
,) kapyhLk; fhw;wha; eP th
<) kfue;jk; Rke;J bfhz;L eP th [tpil: M) kdij ka=;fr; bra;a[k; kzj;njhL th]
www.nammakalvi.in
FWtpdh
1. ghujpahupd; gilg;g[fs; rpytw;iwf; TW.
fz;zd; ghl;L/ Fapy; ghl;L/ ghg;gh ghl;L/ gh+;rhyp rgjk;/ g[jpa Mj;jpNo.
2. ghujpahu; vt;thbwy;yhk; ghuhl;lg;gl;lhu;>
ePLJapy; ePf;fg; gho te;j epyh/ rpe;Jf;Fj; je;ij/ ghl;Lf;bfhU g[ytd;/ kfhftp/ fiykfs;.
3. ghujpahupd; gd;Kf=;fs; ahit>
ftp+u;/ fl;Liuahsu;/ rpWfij/ Mrpupau;/ ,jHhrpupau;/ nfypr;rpj;jpu=;fs;/ fUj;Jg;gl=;fis
cUthf;Fgtu;.
4. ghujpahu; ,jHhrpupauhfg; gzpahw;wpa ,jH;fspd; bgau;fis vGJ.
,e;jpah/ Rnjrkpj;jpud;.
5. `fhw;nw th~ ghlypy; ,lk; bgw;Ws;s ,iag[r; brhw;fisf; TW.
ghLfpnwhk;/ TWfpnwhk;/ tHpgLfpd;nwhk;.
6. fhw;wplk; vjidf; bfhz;Lte;J bfhLf;FkhW ghujpahu; ntz;Lfpwhu;>
kfue;jj;J}isr; Rke;J/ kdij kaf;Fk; thrida[ld;/ ,iyfs; kw;Wk; ePuiyfs;kPJ cuha;eJ
;
kpFe;j capu;tspiaf; bfhz;L te;J bfhLf;FkhW fhw;wplk; ghujpahu; ntz;Lfpwhu;.
7. vg;go tPRkhW fhw;iwg; ghujpahu; gzpf;fpwhu;>
fhw;iw bkJthf/ ey;y Kiwapy; rPuhf/ ePz;lfhyk; epd;W tPrpf; bfhz;oUf;FkhW ghujpahu;
gzpf;fpwhu;.
8. ``cdf;Fg; ghl;Lfs; ghLfpd;nwhk;.
cdf;Fg; g[fH;r;rpfs; TWfpnwhk;
cd;id tHpgLfpd;nwhk;~~ ? vd;W ahu; ahuplk; TWfpd;whu;>
ghujpahu;/ fhw;wplk; TWfpd;whu;.
,ay; 2
rpWtpdh
1. `fhw;nw th~ ghlypy; ghujpahu; TWk; bra;jp ahJ>
kfue;jj;J}isr; Rke;J bfhz;L kdij ka=;fr; bra;fpd;w thrida[ld; th.
,iyfspd; kPJk;/ ePuiyfspd; kPJk; cuha;e;J th.
capu;tspiaf; bfhL. Mdhy; nga;nghy; tPrp capuhfpa beUg;ig mizj;J tplhnj.
ePoj;J epd;W ed;whf tPR/ cd; rf;jp Fiwj;J vk; capiu mtpj;J tplhnj-
ck;ik ehk; ghLfpnwhk;/ g[fH;fpnwhk;/ tHpgLfpnwhk; vd;bwy;yhk; ghujp/ `fhw;nw th~ vd;w
ghlypy; ghLfpwhu;.
``cdf;Fg; ghl;Lfs; ghLfpd;nwhk;.
cdf;Fg; g[fH;r;rpfs; TWfpnwhk;
cd;id tHpgLfpd;nwhk;~~
2. kfhftp ghujpahu; Fwpg;g[ tif.
bgau; : kfhftp Rg;;gpukzpa ghujpahu;
bgw;nwhu; : rpd;drhkp ? ,yf;Fkp mk;ikahu;
www.nammakalvi.in
ghuhl;Lfs; : `rpe;Jf;Fj; je;ij~/ `ghl;Lf;bfhU g[ytd; ghujp~

gzp : Mrpupau;/ ,jHhrpupau;/ rpWfij Mrpupau;.
gilg;g[fs; : fz;zd; ghl;L/ Fapy; ghl;L/ ghg;ghg;ghl;L/ gh+;rhyp rgjk;/ g[jpa
Mj;jpNo.
gzpahw;wpa ,jH;fs; : ,e;jpah/ Rnjrkpj;jpud;.
3. g[Jf;ftpij vd;w totk; cUthff; fhuzk; ahJ>
ciueila[k; ftpija[k; ,ize;J ahg;gpyf;fzj;jpw;F mg;ghw;gl;L cUthf;fg;gLk;
ftpij totk; `trd ftpij~ MFk;.
M=;fpyj;jpy; prose poetry (free verse) vd;wiHf;fg;gLk; ,t;totk; ghujpahuhy; jkpHpy;
mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ.
czu;r;rp bgh=;ff; ftpij gilf;Fk; ,l=;fspy; ahg;g[/ jilahf ,Ug;gij czu;e;j
ghujpahu; trdftpij totj;ijf; ifahz;lhu;.
,e;j trd ftpijna `g[Jf;ftpij~ vd;w totk; cUthff; fhuzkhapw;W.
1.
,t;trd ftpijapy; ,lk; bgw;Ws;s ntz;Lnfhs; brhw;fSk; fl;lisr; brhw;fSk;
(thrida[ld; th/ mtpj;J tplhnj.....) ftpijapd; cl;bghUis btspg;gLj;jj; Jiz
epw;gJ Fwpj;Jg; ngRf.
thrida[ld; th :
kfue;jj;J}isr; Rke;J bfhz;L kdij ka=;fr; bra;fpd;w ,dpa thrida[ld; th
vd;gjd; bghUshtJ ,aw;ifapd; J}a kzkpf;f fhw;iwr; Rthrpf;f ntz;Lk; vd;gnjahFk;.
koj;J tplhnj :
beUg;g[ vupa rPuhd fhw;W mtrpak;. mjpntff; fhw;W beUg;igg; gutr; bra;J kpFe;j
,ay; 2
Jd;gj;ij cUthf;Fk; kpft[k; Fiwthd ntfj;jpy; tPRk; fhw;whdJ beUg;g[ gw;wp vupa
Koahky; beUg;g[ miztjw;Ff; fhuzkhfpwJ.
ghujp jkJ capiu beUg;g[f;F xg;gpl;Ls;shu;. fhw;whdJ rf;jp Fiwe;J ngha; jd;
capiu mtpj;Jtplf; TlhJ vdt[k; nga; nghy tPrp jkJ capiu koj;Jtplf; TlhJ vdt[k;
cl;bghUs; bfhz;L ,t;ntz;Lnfhs; brhw;fisg; gad;gLj;jpa[s;shu;.
2. jpf;Ffs; vl;Lk; rpjwp ? jf;fj;
jPk;jupfpl jPk;jupfpl jPk;jupfpl jPk;jupfpl
gf;f kiyfs; cile;J bts;sk;
gha[J gha[J gha[J ? jhk;jupfpl
jf;fj; jjp=;fpl jpj;njhk; ? mz;lk;
rha[J rha[J rha[J ? nga; bfhz;L
jf;if aof;FJ fhw;W ? jf;fj;
jhk;jupfpl jhk;jupfpl jhk;jupfpl jhk;jupfpl ? ghujpahu;
,J nghd;w ,aw;ifbahypfis czu;t[ld; btspg;gLj;Jk; ftpijfisj; jpul;o te;J
tFg;giwapy; goj;Jf; fhl;L.
www.nammakalvi.in
tpil :
m) kiHna kiHna th th ? ey;y M) fpYfpY fpYfp bydt[k; ; `fpf;fP~

thdg; g[dny th th ? ,t; fpf;fP bad;Wk; `nff;f/ nff;f~
`nfl;f/ nfl;f~ vdt[k;; `bfhf;bff;nf~
itaj; jKnj th th `Ff;Ff; Ff;Ff; Ff;Ff; Ff;Ff;
jfug; ge;jy; jzjz vd;d Ff;Tnt! vd;Wk;; fPr;fPr;/ fPr;rPr;~
jhGk; Tiu rsrs vd;d `fpR/ fpR/ fpR~ fPr; vd;Wk;;
ù=;f/ u=;f vd;Wk;
efug; bgz;fs; brg;g[f; Fl=;fs; gy;yhapu tifapdpy;
ed;bw=; Fk;fz fzfz vd;d ,irf;Fk; Fapy;fSk; fpspfSk;
(kiHna kiHna) Fyt[gy $hjpg; g[l;fSk;
,dpa g{=;Fu Yilad.
? ghujpjhrd; ? ghujpahu;

,ay; 2
www.nammakalvi.in
,ay; ,aw;if ftpijg; ngiH
Ky;iyg;ghl;L
2 eg;g{jdhu;
ghlE}y; tpdhf;fs;
gyt[s; bjupf
1. `ghL,kpH; gdpf;fly; gUfp~ vd;Dk; Ky;iyg;ghl;L mo czu;j;Jk; mwptpay; bra;jp ahJ>

m) fly;ePu; Mtpahfp nkfkhjy; M) fly;ePu; Fspu;r;rp miljy;
,) fly;ePu; xypj;jy; <) fly;ePu; bfhe;jspj;jy;
[tpil: m) fly;ePu; Mtpahfp nkfkhjy;]
FWtpdh
1. bgw;nwhu; ntiyapypUe;J jpUk;gj; jhkjkhFk; nghJ mGk; jk;gpf;F eP=;fs; TWk; MWjy;
brhw;fis vGJf.
jk;gp mHhnj- mg;ght[k; mk;kht[k; tpiutpy; te;J tpLthu;fs;. tUk;nghJ cdf;F
tpisahl;Lg; bghUl;fis th=;fpf; bfhz;L tUthu;fs;.
2. khmy; ? bghUSk;/ ,yf;fzf; Fwpg;g[k; jUf.
khmy;
bghUs; jpUkhy; ngUUtk;
,ay; 2
,yf;fzf;Fwpg;g[ bra;a[spir msbgil cupr;brhy; bjhlu;
beLtpdh
1. Ky;iyg; ghl;oy; cs;s fhu;fhyr; bra;jpia tptupj;J vGJf.

Fwpg;g[r;rl;lk;
kiH
bja;t tHpghL
fd;wpd; tUj;jk;
tUe;jhnj
KJbgz;ou; jiytpaplk; TwpaJ
kiH:
nkfk; mfd;w cyfj;ij tisj;Jg; bgUkiH bghHpfpwJ. khtyp kd;dd; jpUkhYf;F
ePu;thu;j;Jj; jUk;bghGJ kz;Qf;Fk;/ tpz;Qf;Fk; ngUUtk; vLj;J cah;e;J epw;gJ
nghd;Ws;sJ kiHnkfk;. mk;kiH nkfk; xypf;Fk; flypd; Fsph;ePiug; gUfpg; bgUe;njhw;wk;
bfhz;L tykha; vGfpwJ. kiyiar; NHe;J tpiue;J ntfj;Jld; bgU kiHiag; bghHpfpwJ.
www.nammakalvi.in
bja;t tHpghL:
KJbgz;fs; fhtiya[ila Cu;g;gf;fk; brd;wdu;. ahHpir nghd;W xypf;Fk; tz;Lfs;
eWkzk; bfhz;l g{f;fisr; Rw;wp Muthupf;Fk;. kyu;e;j Ky;iyg; g{nthL bey;iya[k;
nru;j;J bja;tj;jpd; Kd; J}tp tHpgLtu;. bja;tj;ijj; bjhGJ jiytpf;fhf ew;brhy; nfl;L
epw;gu;.
fd;wpd; tUj;jk;:
``rpWjhk;g[ bjhLj;j griyf; fd;wpd;
cWJau; mykuy; nehf;fp~~
rpW jhk;g[f; fapw;why; fl;lg;gl;l ,s=;fd;W grpahy; thof; bfhz;oUe;jJ. mjd;
tUj;jj;ij Xu; ,ilkfs; fz;lhs;.
tUe;jhnj :
g[y;iy nka;e;j cd; jha;khiu tise;j fj;jpia cila fk;igf; bfhz;l vd; ,ilau;
,g;bghGJ Xl;o te;J tpLthu; `tUe;jhnj~ vd;whs; ,ilkfs;.
KJbgz;ou; jiytpaplk; TwpaJ :
,ilkfs; @yk; ew;brhy;iyf; nfl;nlhk;. epd; jiytd; giftiu btd;W jpiwg;
bghUnshL tUtJ cWjp. kdj;jLkhw;wk; bfhs;shnj-
,yf;fzf; Fwpg;g[.
@J}u; ? gz;g[j;bjhif
cWJau; ? tpidj;bjhif
ifbjhGJ ? @d;whk; ntw;Wikj; bjhif
jlf;if ? cupr;brhy; bjhlu;
ed;bkhHp ? gz;g[j;bjhif
gFgj cWg;gpyf;fzk;.
,ay; 2
bghwpj;j = bghwp + j; + j; + m bfhz;l = bfhs; (z;) + l; + m
bghwp ? gFjp bfhs; ? gFjp/ s;(z;) MdJ tpfhuk;
j; ? re;jp l;; ? ,we;jfhy ,ilepiy
j; ? ,we;jfhy ,ilepiy m ? bgabur;r tpFjp
m ? bgabur;r tpFjp
bghHpe;j = bghHp + j; (e;) + j; + m
bghHp ? gFjp
j; ? re;jp (e;) MdJ tpfhuk;
j;; ? ,we;jfhy ,ilepiy
m ? bgabur;r tpFjp
TLjy; tpdhf;fs;
,yf;fzf; Fwpg;g[.
bgUk;bgay; ? gz;g[j;bjhif
rpWg[d ; ? gz;g[j;bjhif
www.nammakalvi.in
mU=;fo ? gz;g[j;bjhif
bgUKJbgz;ou; ? gz;g[j;bjhif
ey;nyhu; ? tpidahyiza[k; bgau;
gFgj cWg;gpyf;fzk;.
epkpu;e;j = epkpu; + j(e;); + j; + m nehf;fp = nehf;F + ,
epkpu; ? gFjp nehf;F ? gFjp
j; ? re;jp (e;) MdJ tpfhuk; , ? tpidbar;r tpFjp
j; ? ,we;jfhy ,ilepiy
m ? bgabur;r tpFjp
mirj;j = mir + j; + j; + m
mir ? gFjp
j; ? re;jp
j;; ? ,we;jfhy ,ilepiy
m ? bgabur;r tpFjp
gyt[s; bjupf
1. Ky;iyg;ghl;od; bkhj;j mofs; vj;jid>

m) 101 M) 102
,) 103 <) 104 [tpil: ,) 103]
2. Ky;iyg;ghl;L ve;j E}y; tifiar; rhu;e;jJ>
m) vl;Lj;bjhif M) gj;Jg;ghl;L
,) fPH;ff
; zf;F <) rpw;wpyf;fpak; [tpil: M) gj;Jg;ghl;L]
3. Ky;iyj; jpizf;Fupa g{ tif
,ay; 2
m) fhe;js; M) gpltk;
,) jhiH <) ghjpup [tpil: M) gpltk;]
4. Ky;iyg;ghl;L ve;jf; fzf;F E}y;fSs; xd;W>
m) gjpbdz;nky; fzf;F M) gjpbdz;fPH;f;fzf;F
,) rpw;wpyf;fpak; <) fhg;gpak; [tpil: m) gjpbdz;nky; fzf;F]
5. gj;Jg;ghl;oy; kpff; Fiwe;j mofisf; bfhz;l E}y;

m) Fwp+;rpg;ghl;L M) Ky;iyg;ghl;L
,) gl;odg;ghiy <) jpUKUfhw;Wg;gil [tpil: M) Ky;iyg;ghl;L]
6. bghUj;Jf.
1. nekp ? m) kiy
2. nfhL ? M) tyk;g[up r=;F (rf;fuj;Jld; Toa)
3. tpupr;rp ? ,) njhs;
4. Rty; ? <) ew;brhy;
m) 1.M 2.m 3.< 4., M) 1.M 2.m 3., 4.<
,) 1.< 2.M 3., 4.m <) 1., 2.< 3.m 4.M [tpil: m) 1.M 2.m 3.< 4.,]
www.nammakalvi.in
7. tyk;g[upr; r=;F bghwpj;j iffisa[ilatu;

m) KUfd; M) jpUkhy;
,) khtyp kd;dd; <) ehd;Kfd; [tpil: M) jpUkhy;]
8. FWfpa totk; bfhz;L ePu;thu;j;Jj; je;jtd;
m) KUfd; M) jpUkhy;
,) khtypkd;dd; <) ehd;Kfd; [tpil: ,) khtypkd;dd;]
9. kz;Qf;Fk; tpz;Qf;Fkhfg; ngUUtk; vLj;J epd;wtu;
m) KUfd; M) jpUkhy;
,) khtypkd;dd; <) ehd;Kfd; [tpil: M) jpUkhy;]
10. ``nfhL bfhz;L vGe;j bfhL+; bryt[ vHpyp~~
? ,t;tofspy; `nkfk;~ vd;Dk; bghUs;jUk; brhy;
m) nfhL M) bryt[
,) vHpyp <) bfhL [tpil: ,) vHpyp]
11. ``bfhL=;nfhw; nfhtyu;~~ ? ,jpy; Fwpg;gplg;gLk; nfhtyu; ahu;>
m) nfhtyd; M) Fwtu;
,) cHtu; <) ,ilau; [tpil: <) ,ilau;]
12. Ky;iyg;ghl;L vd;Dk; E}iy ,aw;wpatu;

m) fgpyu; M) kh=;Foknjdhu;
,) eg;g{jdhu; <) ef;fPuu; [tpil: ,) eg;g{jdhu;]
13. kiHapd; rPw;wk; ,ay;g[ thH;tpy; Vw;gLj;Jk; khw;w=;fisg; glk; gpoj;Jf; fhl;LtJ vJ>
m) r=;f ,yf;fpak; M) jpUf;Fws;
,) ehyoahu; <) rpyg;gjpfhuk; [tpil: m) r=;f ,yf;fpak;]
14. ède;jiy cyfk;~ vd;gjpy; ède;jiy~ vd;gjd; bghUs;
,ay; 2
m) ftu;e;j M) mfd;w
,) RU=;fpa <) ,He;j [tpil: M) mfd;w]
15. èWtP~ vd;gjpy; `tP~ vd;gjd; bghUs;
m) kyu;fs; M) khd;fs;
,) tpz;kPd;fs; <) fz;fs; [tpil: m) kyu;fs;]
16. bghUj;jpf; fhl;Lf:
i) @J}u; ? 1. cupr;brhw;bwhlu;
ii) cWJau; ? 2. @d;whk; ntw;Wikj;bjhif
iii) ifbjhGJ ? 3. tpidj;bjhif
iv) jlf;if ? 4. gz;g[j;bjhif
m) 4/ 3/ 2/ 1 M) 3/ 4/ 1/ 2
,) 1/ 3/ 4/ 2 <) 2/ 1/ 3/ 4 [tpil: m) 4/ 3/ 2/ 1]
17. bghwpj;j ? gFgj cWg;gpyf;fzj;jpd;go gpupf;Fk; Kiw

m) bghwp + j; + j; + m M) bghwpj;J + m
,) bghwp + j;(e;) + j; + m <) bghwp + j; + j [tpil: m) bghwp + j; + j; + m]
www.nammakalvi.in
18. jiytpf;fhf ew;brhy; nfl;L epd;wtu;fs;

m) ,sk; bgz;fs; M) Kjpa bgz;ou;
,) njhHpfs; <) rhd;nwhu; [tpil: M) Kjpa bgz;ou;]
19. rpWjhk;g[f; fapw;why; fl;lg;gl;l vJ grpahy; thof; bfhz;oUe;jJ>
m) gR M) ,s=;fd;W
,) vUik <) ML [tpil: M) ,s=;fd;W]
20. grpahy; thof; bfhz;oUe;j ,s=;fd;wpd; tUj;jj;ijf; fz;lts;

m) Fwkfs; M) ,ilkfs;
,) jiytp <) njhHp [tpil: M) ,ilkfs;]
21. ìfa bfhL=;nfhw; nfhtyu; gpd; epd;W ca;j;ju ,d;nd tUFtu;/ jhau;~ vd;W ahu; ahuplk;
TwpaJ>
m) ,ilkfs; ,s=;fd;wplk; M) KJbgz;ou; gRtplk;
,) jiytd; fhisaplk; <) jiytp nkfj;jplk;
[tpil: m) ,ilkfs; ,s=;fd;wplk;]
22. èd;du; ed;bkhHp nfl;ldk;~ ? ahu; ahuplk; TwpaJ>

m) KJbgz;ou; jiytpaplk; TwpaJ
M) jiytp KJbgz;ouplk; TwpaJ
,) njhHp jiytpaplk; TwpaJ
<) jiytp jiytdplk; TwpaJ [tpil: m) KJbgz;ou; jiytpaplk; TwpaJ]
23. ghlg;gFjpapy; ,lk;bgw;Ws;s Ky;iyg;ghl;od; mofs;

m) 1 ? 17 M) 17 ? 25
,) 4 ? 16 <) 5 ? 20 [tpil: m) 1 ? 17]
24. Ky;iyapd; epyk;
,ay; 2
m) fhLk; fhL rhu;e;j ,lKk; M) kiya[k; kiy rhu;e;j ,lKk;

,) taYk; tay; rhu;e;j ,lKk; <) flYk; fly; rhu;e;j ,lKk;
[tpil: m) fhLk; fhL rhu;e;j ,lKk;]
25. ,Uj;jYk; ,Uj;jy; epkpj;jKk; (fhj;jpUj;jy;) ve;epyj;Jf;Fupa cupg;bghUs;

m) Fwp+;rp M) Ky;iy
,) kUjk; <) ghiy [tpil: M) Ky;iy]
26. fhu;fhyj;Jf;Fupa khj=;fs;

m) ij/ khrp M) g=;Fdp/ rpj;jpiu
,) Mtzp/ g[ul;lhrp <) fhu;j;jpif/ khu;fHp [tpil: ,) Mtzp/ g[ul;lhrp]
27. eg;g{jdhupd; je;ij
m) bghd;Koahu; M) bghd;tzpfdhu;
,) khrhj;Jthzpfdhu; <) khzpf;fehadhu; [tpil: M) bghd;tzpfdhu;]
28. bghd;tzpfdhupd; Cu;
m) ciwa{u; M) kJiu
,) fhtpupg;g{k;gl;odk; <) Fw;whyk; [tpil: ,) fhtpupg;g{k;gl;odk;]
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FWtpdh
1. Ky;iyg;ghl;L E}y; Fwpg;g[ tiuf.

gj;Jg;ghl;L E}y;fSs; xd;W.
103 ghly; motiuaiw bfhz;lJ.
Mrpupag;ghthy; ,aw;wg;gl;lJ.
Ky;iy epyj;ijg; gw;wpg; ghlg;gl;lJ.
gj;Jg;ghl;oy; kpff; Fiwe;j mofisf; bfhz;l E}y;.
2. eg;g{jdhu; Fwpg;g[ tiuf.
Ky;iyg;ghl;ilg; ghoatu;.
fhtpupg;g{k;gl;odj;Jg; bghd;tzpfdhu; kfdhthu;.
3. tpupr;rp nfl;ly; vd;why; vd;d>
VnjDk; xU bray; ed;whf Koa[nkh> Koahnjh> vd Iak; bfhz;l bgz;fs;/ kf;fs;
elkhl;lk; Fiwthd Cu;g;gf;fj;jpy; ngha;/ bja;tj;ijj; bjhGJ epw;gu;.
mayhu; ngRk; brhy;iyf; Tu;e;J nfl;gu;.
mtu;fs; ey;y brhy;iyf; Twpd; jk; bray; ed;ikapy; Koa[k;.
jPa bkhHpiaf; Twpd; jk; bray; jPajha; Koa[k; vd;W vz;Qtu;.
4. ,s=;fd;W tUe;jf; fhuzk; ahJ>
rpW jhk;g[f; fapw;why; fl;lg;gl;l ,s=;fd;W grpahy; thof; bfhz;oUe;jJ.
5. ,s=;fd;wpd; tUj;jj;ijg; nghf;f ,ilkfs; Twpa bra;jp ahJ>
g[y;iy nka;e;j cd; jha;khiu tise;j fj;jpia cila fk;igf; bfhz;l vk; ,ilau;
,g;nghJ Xl;o te;JtpLtu; ? tUe;jhnj.
6. jiytpia KJbgz;ou; vt;thW Mw;Wg;gLj;jpdu;>
epd; jiytd; giftiu btd;W jpiug;bghUnshL tUthd;.
,ay; 2
jiytpna! kdj;jLkhw;wk; bfhs;shnj.
7. Ky;iyg;ghl;oy; jpUkhy; Fwpj;J Twg;gl;l bra;jp ahJ>
tyk;g[upr;r=;F bghwpj;j iffis cilatd; jpUkhy;.
FWfpa totk; vLj;jtd;.
khtyp kd;dd; ePu; thu;j;Jj; jUk;nghJ kz;Qf;Fk; tpz;Qf;Fkhfg; ngUUtk; vLj;jtd;.
8. kiHg;bghHpt[ Fwpj;J Ky;iyg; ghl;oy; Twg;gl;Ls;s bra;jp ahJ>
xypf;Fk; flypd; Fspu;ePiug; gUfp bgUe; njhw;wk; bfhz;lJ nkfk;.
mk;nkfkhdJ tykha; vGe;jJ.
kiyiar; NH;e;jJ.
tpiue;j ntfj;Jld; bgUkiHiag; bghHpe;jJ.
9. Kjpa bgz;fs; (KJbgz;ou;) bja;tj;ij vt;thW bjhGJ epd;wdu;>
Ky;iyg; g{f;fnshL ehHp mst[ bey;iya[k; nru;j;J bja;tj;jpd; Kd; J}tpdu;.
bja;tj;ijj; bjhGJ jiytpf;fhf ew;brhy; nfl;L epd;wdu;.
10. bghGJ vj;jid tifg;gLk;> mit ahit>
bghGJ ,uz;L tifg;gLk;. mit: bgUk; bghGJ/ rpW bghGJ.
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11. Ky;iy epyj;jpw;Fupa bghGJfs; vit>

bgUk; bghGJ ? fhu;fhyk; (Mtzp/ g[ul;lhrp)
rpW bghGJ ? khiy
12. Ky;iyg;ghl;oy; ,lk;bgw;Ws;s fUg;bghUisf; TWf.
ePu; ? FW+;Rid ePu;/ fhl;lhW
kuk; ? bfhd;iw/ fhah/ FUe;jk;
g{ ? Ky;iy/ gpltk;/ njhd;wpg;g{
rpWtpdh

1. Ky;iyg;ghl;L Fwpg;gpLk; khiyf;fhy bra;jp ahJ>
Jd;gj;ijj; jUfpd;w khiyg; bghGjpy; Kjpa bgz;fs; fhtiya[ila Cu;g;gf;fk;
brd;wdu;.
ahHpir nghd;W xypf;Fk; tz;Lfs; NH;e;J Muthupf;Fk; eWkzk; bfhz;l mUk;g[fs;.
kyu;e;j Ky;iyg; g{f;fnshL bey;iya[k; nru;j;Jj; bja;tj;jpd; Kd; J}t[tu;.
bja;tj;ijj; bjhGJ jiytpf;fhf ew;brhy; nfl;L epw;gu;.
2. KJbgz;ou; tpupr;rp nfl;L jiytpf;Ff; Twpa bra;jp ahJ>
,s=;fd;wpd; grp :
rpW jhk;g[f; fapw;why; fl;lg;gl;l ,s=;fd;W grpahy; thof;bfhz;oUe;jJ.
mjd; tUj;jj;ij Xu; ,ilkfs; fz;lhs;.
g[y;iy nka;e;j cd; jhahiu tise;j fj;jpa[ila fk;igf; bfhz;l vk; ,ilau; ,g;nghJ
Xl;o te;JtpLtu; tUe;jhnj vd;whs; ,ilkfs;.
ew;brhy;iyf; nfl;nlhk; :
,ilkfsJ ew;brhy;iy eh=;fs; nfl;nlhk;.
,ay; 2
jiytd; jpiwg;bghUnshL tUtJ cWjp.

3. kiH nkfk; ? kiHg; bghHpt[ Fwpj;J Ky;iyg;ghl;L vt;thW tUzpj;Js;sJ>
kiH nkfk;:
tyk;g[upr; r=;F bghwpj;j iffisa[ilatd; jpUkhy;.
khtyp kd;dd; ePu; thu;j;Jj; jUk;nghJ tpz;Qf;Fk; kz;Qf;Fkha; ngUUtk; vLj;jtd;
jpUkhy;.
mg;ngUUtj;ijg; nghd;Ws;sJ kiH nkfk;.
kiHg; bghHpt[ :
ngUUtk; bfhz;l nkfkhdJ tykha; vGe;jJ.
kiyiar; NH;e;jJ.
tpiue;j ntfj;Jld; bgUkiHiag; bghHpe;jJ.
4. Ky;iyg;ghl;L ghlypy; ,lk; bgw;Ws;s Kjy;/ fU/ cupg;bghUs;fis vGJ.
jpiz epyk; rpWbghGJ bgUk;bghGJ
Ky;iy fhLk; fhL rhu;e;j epyKk; khiy fhu;fhyk;
www.nammakalvi.in
fUg;bghUs; cupg;bghUs;
ePu; kuk; g{ ,Uj;jy; ,Uj;jy;
epkpj;jKk;
FW+;Rid ePu;/ bfhd;iw/ fhah/ Ky;iy/ gpltk;
fhl;lhW. FUe;jk;. njhd;wpg;g{.
1. Ky;iyg;ghl;od; fhl;rpfspypUe;J r=;ffhy kf;fspd; thH;f;ifr; NHiy czu Kofpwjh>

c=;fspd; fUj;Jfisg; gjpt[ bra;f.
kf;fs; gpwUf;F Vw;gl;l Jd;gj;ijj; jdf;F Vw;gl;l Jd;gkhfnt fUjpapUf;fpd;wdu;.
kdpju;fSila Jd;g=;fs; kl;Lkpd;wp mBwpiz capupd=;fspd; Jd;g=;fisa[k; ePf;f
Kw;gl;oUf;fpd;wdu;.
bja;t ek;gpf;if cilatu;fs;.
tpupr;rp nfl;lypy; ek;gpf;if cilatu;fs;.
xUtiubahUtu; Mw;Wg;gLj;jp kfpH;e;jpUf;fpd;wdu;.
2. Fwpg;g[fisf; bfhz;L Mu;t@l;Lk; tifapy; fij ' epfH;it vGJ.
mikjp ? tdk; ? kdj;ijj; bjhl;lJ ? bfh+;rk; mr;rk; ? Mdhy; gpoj;jpUe;jJ ? ,utpy;
tPl;od; mikjpiatpl ? tdj;jpd; mikjp ? g[Jik ? fhy;fs; jiuapy; ? ,iyfspd; ryryg;g[
? gwitfs; ku=;fspd; nky; ? rpwfog;g[ ? mUfpy; jpUk;gpat[ld; ? jpObud Muthu Xir ?
jz;zPupd; Xl;lk; ? mHfhd MW ? cUz;l rpW THh=;fw;fs; ? ,aw;ifapd; fz;fhl;rp.
,aw;ifapd; fz;fhl;rp
mikjpahd tdk; :
mlu;e;j ku=;fisf; bfhz;l gRik kpFe;j mikjp epiwe;j tdj;jpw;Fr; brd;nwd;.
tdj;jhtu=;fs; kw;Wk; kyu;fspd; eWkzk; vd; kdijj; bjhl;lJ. mr;NH;epiy kpft[k;
,ay; 2
gpoj;jpUe;jJ. ,utpy; tPl;oy; ,Uf;Fk; mikjpiatpl tdj;jpd; mikjp vd;id kpft[k;
ftu;e;jJ.
fhl;Lapupfs; :
g[Jikahd Xu; mDgtj;ijg; bgw;nwd;. vd; fhy;fs; jiuapy; Cd;wpapUg;gjha;j;
bjupatpy;iy. ,iyfspd; ryryg;g[ nfl;L Xir te;j jpir nehf;fpj; jpUk;gpndd;. ku=;fspd;
nkypUe;j gwitfs; j=;fs; rpwFfis moj;J nrhk;giyg; nghf;fpf; bfhz;oUe;jd.
Muthu Xir :
jpObud Vw;gl;l Muthu Xiriaf; nfl;L jpUk;gpg; ghu;j;njd;. Fu=;Ffs; jz;zPupd;
Xl;lj;jpy; j=;fs; Kf=;fspd; mHiff; fz;L Muthuk; bra;J bfhz;oUe;jd.
mHfhd MW :
bjspthd ePnuhilapd; cs;ns/ cUz;il totpy; rpW THh=;fw;fs; ghu;g;gjw;F
tpiya[au;e;j fw;fisg; nghyt[k;/ fz;zhoahy; bra;ag;gl;l cUz;ilfs; nghyt[k;
njhw;wkspj;jd. ,j;jifa ,aw;ifapd; fz;fhl;rp vd; kdij tpl;L mfytpy;iy.

www.nammakalvi.in
,ay; ,aw;if tpupthdk;
g[aypny xU njhzp
2 g. rp=;fhuk;
ghlE}y; tpdhf;fs;
rpWtpdh
1. kiH epd;wt[ld; g[yg;gLk; fhl;rpia tUzpj;J vGJf.
Fwpg;g[ : ,iyfspy; brhl;Lk; ePu; ? clypy; XLk; bky;ypa Fspu; ? nj=;fpa Fl;ilapy; `rsg;
jsg;~ vd;W Fjpf;Fk; FHe;ijfs; ? XLk; ePupy; fhfpjf; fg;gy;.
njdilapypUe;J tpGk; njd; Jspiag; nghy rpy kzpj;JspfSf;F xU Kiw ePu; ~brhl;
brhl;~ vd tpGe;jJ.
tpUk;gj;jf;f bjd;wiyg; nghyt[k; kapypwfpd; tUly; nghyt[k; bky;ypa Fspu; clypy;
XLk;.
ePu; cs;s jlhfj;jpny gy tifahd kPd;fSk; jtisfSk; jhtpf;Fjpf;Fk; nghJ Vw;gLk;
Xiria xj;j `rsg; jsg;~ vd;w rj;jj;Jld; nj=;fpf; fple;j ePu;f; Fl;ilapy; FHe;ijfs;
Fjpj;J tpisaho kfpH;e;jdu;.
mikjpahd ePnuhl;lk; bfhz;l ejpahdJ ,Gj;J tUk; rpWrpW fl;il kw;Wk; ,ju
bghUl;fs; nghy FHe;ijfs; XLk; ePupy; fhfpjf; fg;gy;fis tpl;L kfpH;e;jdu;.
beLtpdh
,ay; 2
1.
g[aypny xU njhzp fijapy; ,lk;bgw;Ws;s tUzidfSk; mLf;Fj; bjhlu;fSk;
xypf;Fwpg;g[r; brhw;fSk; g[aypy; njhzp gLk;ghl;il vt;thW tptupf;fpd;wd>
Fwpg;g[r; rl;lk;
Kd;Diu
g[ay; tUzid
mLf;Fj;bjhlu;
xypf;Fwpg;g[
Kot[iu
Kd;Diu:
kdpj thH;f;if nghy ,aw;ifa[k; ,d;gk; Jd;gk; epiwe;jJ. me;j tifapy; `g[aypny
xU njhzp~ vd;w g[jpdj;jpy;/ gh.rp=;fhuk; vGjpa[s;s tUzid/ mLf;Fj;bjhlu; kw;Wk;
xypf;Fwpg;g[k; gw;wp ,f;fl;Liuapy; fhz;nghk;.
g[ay; tUzid:
bfhSj;Jk; btapy; ,ikf;Fk; neuj;jpy; kiwe;Jtpl;lJ. ghz;oad; mz;zhe;J
ghu;j;jhd;. nkf=;fs; Fk;kpUl;L MdJ. fhw;wpy;yhky; xnu ,Wf;fkhdJ. ,oKHf;fj;Jld;
kpd;dy; thdj;ijg; gpse;jJ. thdk; cile;jd. bts;sk; bfhl;oaJ. Nwhtsp Mof;Fjpj;jJ.
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thDld; fly; fye;Jtpl;lJ. kiH bjupatpy;iy. fly; btwpf; Tj;jhl;lj;jhy; bjh=;fhd;

@H;fp rpg;g=;fs; flypy; ePe;Jfpd;wd. thdk;/ fly;/ fhw;W/ kiH xd;W nru;e;J Tf;Fuypl;lJ.
thdk; gpse;J beUg;igf; ff;fpaJ.
mLf;Fj;bjhlu;:
bjh=;fhd; eLeL=;fpj; jhtp jhtp FjpFjpj;jJ. gpwF bjh=;fhd; Fjpj;J tpGe;J behWbehW
vd;W behW=;fpaJ. RHd;W fpWfpWj;Jf; Tj;jhoaJ.
xypf;Fwpg;g[:
bjh=;fhd; jhtp tpGe;jJ/ RHy;fpd;wJ. flypy; rpYrpY kukug;g[ b=ha;=; g[a;t;/ b=ha;=;/
g[a;=; vd ,o KHf;fk; bra;a rPdg; gprhRfs; jhtp tPRfpd;wd. gfy; ,uthfp cg;g[f; fhw;W
cliy tUoaJ.
Kot[iu:
g[aYf;Fg; gpd;dhy; Ie;jhk; ehs; fiu bjd;gl;lJ. mLj;jehs; Kw;gfy; gpdh=;F
JiwKfj;ij mQfpdhu;fs;. gpythdpypUe;J Rkj;uhtiu g[ay; ,g;gog; gaKWj;jpaJ.
,j;jifa tUzidnahL g[aypy; njhzp gLk;ghl;il `mHfha;~ tptupf;fpd;whu; gh. rp=;fhuk;.
TLjy; tpdhf;fs;
gyt[s; bjupf
1. g[aypny xU njhzp vd;gJ

m) rpWfij M) g[jpdk;
,) fhg;gpak; <) ftpij [tpil: M) g[jpdk;]
2. `g[aypny xU njhzp~ vd;Dk; g[jpdj;jpd; Mrpupau;
m) g. rp=;fhuk; M) K.t.
,) jpU.tp.f. <) mfpyd; [tpil: m) g. rp=;fhuk;]
,ay; 2
3. tl,e;jpag; bgU=;flypy; cUthFk; g[ay;fSf;Fg; bgau; itf;Fk; eilKiw bjhl=;fg;gl;l
Mz;L
m) 2004 M) 2000
,) 1999 <) 1940 [tpil: M) 2000]
4. ,y=;if je;j g[aypd; bgau;

m) mf;dp M) Mfh&;
,) f$h <) $y; [tpil: ,) f$h]
5. `fg;gpj;jhd;~ vd;gJ vijf; Fwpf;fpwJ>
m) jiyik khYkp M) fg;gy;
,) g[ay; <) gazp [tpil: m) jiyik khYkp]
6. `bjh=;fhd;~ vd;gJ vijf; Fwpf;fpwJ>
m) jiyik khYkp M) fg;gy;
,) g[ay; <) gazp [tpil: M) fg;gy;]
7. g[yk;bgau;e;j jkpHu;fisg; gw;wpa Kjy; g[jpdk;
m) g[aypny xU njhzp M) njhzp tUfpwJ
,) fs;sj; njhzp <) mfy;tpsf;F [tpil: m) g[aypny xU njhzp]
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8.
bjd;fpHf;fhrpag; nghu; @z;ljpy; knyrpah/ ,e;njhndrpah gFjpfspy; epfH;tjhf cs;s
fw;gidg; gilg;g[
m) Mwhk; jpiz M) g[aypny xU njhzp
,) ghy; kuf;fhl;odpny <) ,tw;wpy; vJt[kpy;iy
[tpil: M) g[aypny xU njhzp]
9. g[aypny xU njhzp vd;Dk; g[jpdj;jpd; _______ vd;Dk; mj;jpahaj;jpd; RUf;fg;gl;l gFjp

ghlkhf itf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
m) fhtpaf;Tj;J M) fiyf;Tj;J
,) flw;Tj;J <) ,irf;Tj;J [tpil: ,) flw;Tj;J]
10. gh. rp=;fhuj;jpd; Cu; _______ khtl;lk; _______

m) rp=;fk;g[zup/ rptf=;if M) ciwa{u;/ jpUr;rp
,) nkl;Lg;g[J}u;/ <nuhL <) bjd;fhrp/ jpUbey;ntyp
[tpil: m) rp=;fk;g[zup/ rptf=;if]
11. g. rp=;fhuk; _______ ,e;njhndrpah brd;whu;.

m) ntiyf;fhf M) J}juhf
,) Ma;thsuhf <) mfjpahf [tpil: m) ntiyf;fhf]
12. g. rp=;fhuk; gzpahw;wpa ,jH;
m) jpdfud; M) jpdkzp
,) jpdj;je;jp <) jpdg{kp [tpil: ,) jpdj;je;jp]
13. g. rp=;fhuj;jpd; nrkpg;ghd ________ ,yl;rk; qghia khztu;fspd; fy;tp tsu;r;rpf;fhf
tH=;fpdhu;.
m) VHiu M) Mwiu
,) ehd;fiu <) gj;J [tpil: m) VHiu]
14. `gy; gHg; gytpd; ga=;bfG bfhy;yp~ vd;W Fwpg;gpLk; E}y;

,ay; 2
m) g[wehD}W M) mfehD}W
,) fypj;bjhif <) ehyoahu; [tpil: M) mfehD}W]
15. bfhy;ypkiy mike;Js;s khtl;lk;
m) ju;kg[up M) nryk;
,) ehkf;fy; <) jpzL
; f;fy; [tpil: ,) ehkf;fy;]
16. g[Jjpy;ypapy; cs;s cyf thdpiy mikg;gpd; kz;lyk; rpwg;g[ thdpiy Ma;t[ikak; 2004
brg;lk;gupy; ,Ue;J g[ay;fSf;Fg; bgau; itf;f ________ bgau;fisg; gl;oaypl;Ls;sJ.
m) 62 M) 64
,) 60 <) 54 [tpil: M) 64]
17. `bga;l;o~ g[aypd; bgaiuj; je;j ehL

m) ,e;jpah M) ,y=;if
,) Xkd; <) jha;yhe;J [tpil: <) jha;yhe;J]
18. g[aYf;F ,e;jpah je;Js;s bgau;fspy; ehd;F g{j=;fisf; fz;lwp.
m) mf;dp/ Mfh&;/ gp$;yp/ $y; M) nkf;/ mf;dp/ $y;
,) nkf;/ rhfu;/ tha[/ Mfh&; <) gp$;yp/ mf;dp/ nkf;/ f$h
[tpil: m) mf;dp/ Mfh&;/ gp$;yp/ $y;]
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19. thdpiy Ma;thsu;fs;/ bghJkf;fs;/ fly; khYkpfs; Mfpnahu;f;F thdpiy vr;rupf;ifiag;

g[upe;J bfhz;L bray;glf; bfhLf;fg;gLtJ
m) g[aypd; bgau;fs; M) fy=;fiu tpsf;fk;
,) epthuz cjtp <) jpirfhl;Lk; fUtp [tpil: m) g[aypd; bgau;fs;]
20. ______ E}w;whz;od; bjhlf;fj;jpy; bjw;fhrpa ehLfspy; gy;ntW ehLfisr; nru;e;jtu;fs;

Fonawpdu;.
m) gjpbdl;lhk; M) gj;bjhd;gjhk;
,) gjpdhwhk; <) gjpndHhk; [tpil: M) gj;bjhd;gjhk;]
21. g. rp=;fhuk; ,uz;lhk; cyfg; nghu; epfH;e;j nghJ ,Ue;j ,lk;

m) ,e;njhndrpah/ bkgpd; efu; M) ,y=;if/ ahH;g;ghzk;
,) knyrpah/ nfhyhyk;g{u; <) rPdh/ bga;$p=;
[tpil: m) ,e;njhndrpah/ bkgpd; efu;]

i) fg;gpj;jhd; ? 1. ,e;njhndrpahtpYs;s ,lk;
ii) bjh=;fhd; ? 2. kPd; tif
iii) mt[ypah ? 3. fg;gy;
iv) gpythd; ? 4. jiyik khYkp (nfg;ld;)
m) 4/ 3/ 2/ 1 M) 3/ 2/ 1/ 4
,) 2/ 1/ 3/ 4 <) 3/ 4/ 2/ 1 [tpil: m) 4/ 3/ 2/ 1]
23. ``Xo thU=;fs;- ,=;nf Xo thU=;fs;- byf;fh!;/ byf;fh!;- vd;W fj;jpatd;

m) ghz;oad; M) fg;gpj;jhd;
,) $g;ghdpa mjpfhup <) F!;lht; [tpil: M) fg;gpj;jhd;]
24. `jkpnuh~ vd;W cWkpatu;

m) khYkp M) $g;ghdpa mjpfhup
,ay; 2
,) rPd mjpfhup <) ghz;oad; [tpil: M) $g;ghdpa mjpfhup]
25. thdpiy khw;wj;ijf; fz;L vGe;J ngha;g; ghu;j;jtd;
m) khYkp M) ghz;oad;
,) fg;gpj;jhd; <) nrud; [tpil: M) ghz;oad;]
1.
flypy; g[aypd; jhf;fj;jpdhy; Vw;gl;l gjw;wj;ij btspg;gLj;j mLf;Fj; bjhlu;fSk;
tUzidfSk; vt;thbwy;yhk; gad;gl;Ls;sd vd;gJ Fwpj;J tFg;gpy; ngRf.
g[aypd; rPw;wj;jpdhy; rpf;fpj; jtpj;jtu;fs; `,Us; eP=;fp Nupa btspr;rj;ijf; fz;lJk;
`Nupad; Nupad; Nupad;~ vdr; rw;W gjw;wk; eP=;ff; Twpdu;.
g[aypy; rpf;fp Ie;jhk; ehs; fiuiaf; fz;lnghJ ``fiu fiu~~ vdr; rj;jkpl;ldu;. nkw;fz;l
mLf;Fj; bjhlu;fs; gjw;wj;jpd; kj;jpapy; fhf;fg;gLnthk; vd;Dk; ek;gpf;ifapy;
TwpajhFk;.
vz;bza; g{rpaitg; nghy; bkhGbkhGbtd bespe;j miyfs; vd;w tUzid/
miyapd; jd;ikia vLj;Jf;fhl;LfpwJ.
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thidg; gpse;j gpd;dy; fPw;Wfs;. thdk; cile;J bts;sk; bfhl;oaJ vd;w tUzidfs;
kpd;dypd; mnfhu xsp tPr;ira[k;/ kiHg; bghHptpd; mst[ kw;Wk; ntfj;ijf; Fwpg;gjha;
mike;Js;sJ.
jiyf;F nky; bts;sk;" thDld; fly; fye;J tspa[ld; ,ize;J tpl;lJ vd;Dk;
bjhlu; @yk; g[aypy; njhzpapd; epiy vd;dthapUf;Fk; vd;gij czu;j;JfpwJ.
2. eP=f
; s; vjpu;bfhz;l ,aw;if ,lu; Fwpj;J tptupj;J vGJf.
(kiH/ bts;sk;/ g[ay;/ twl;rp)
kiH :
jtwpg;bga;j gUtkiHahy; mWtilf;Fj; jahuha; ,Ue;j gapu;fs; ePupy; eide;J
ehrk; mile;jd. nghf;Ftuj;J ghjpg;g[fshy; kf;fs; gy ,d;dy;fSf;F Mshapdu;.
kiHg; bghHptpd; fhuzkhf kf;fs; gyu; btspna bry;y KoahjjhYk;. kpd;rhuk; jil
bra;ag;gl;ljhYk; gy bjhHpy;fs; Kl=;fpd.
g[ay; :
brd;idf;Fj; bjd;fpHf;nf 260 fp.kP bjhiytpYk;/ ehiff;F tlfpHf;nf
180 fp.kP bjhiytpYk; ikak; bfhz;oUe;j f$h g[ay;/ nkw;F bjd; nkw;Fj; jpirapy; efu;e;J
flY}u; ghk;gd; ,ilna ehiff;F mUnf kzpf;F 111 fp.kP ntfj;jpy; fiuiaf; fle;jJ.
g[ayhdJ fiuiaf; fle;j nghjpYk; bly;lh kw;Wk; fiunahu gFjp kf;fspd; ftiy ,d;Dk;
fle;J nghftpy;iy. Vbddpy; tptrhapfs;/ kPdtu;fs; Mfpnahupd; thH;thjhunk mHpe;jJ.
bts;sk;:
fle;j 2018 Mk; Mz;L nfushtpy; Vw;gl;l bts;skhdJ mk;khepyj;ijna g[ul;og;
nghl;lJ. bjd;nkw;F gUtf;fhw;wpdhy; Vw;gl;l kiHg;bghHpnt ,jw;Ff; fhuzk;.
bts;sj;jpdhy; Vw;gl;l kz;ruptpy; rpf;fp gyu; capupHe;jdu;. ,jpy; nfushtpy; cs;s ,Lf;fp/
taehL nfhHpf;nfhL cl;gl 10 khtl;l=;fs; bgupJk; ghjpf;fg;gl;ld. kiyg;ghijapy;
Vw;gl;l kz;ruptpdhy; nghf;Ftuj;J ghjpf;fg;gl;lJ.
,ay; 2
twl;rp:
,e;jpa thdpiyj; Jiwapd; Tw;Wg;go 10 rjtpjj;jpw;Fk; Fiwthd kiHg;bghHpt[
,Uf;Fnkahdhy; me;ehl;il twl;rpahy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l ehL vdyhk;. gw;whf; Fiwahd
kiHg; bghHpnt twl;rpf;Ff; fhuzk; gUtfhyk; bgha;j;Jg; nghtjhy; cUthFk;.
kiHg; bghHptpd;ik/ gUtfhy khWghLfs;/ fhLfs; mHpt[/ Rw;Wr;NHy; rPu;nfL/ mjpf
mst[ Mtpahjy;/ nkhrkhd epy nkyhz;ik/ mjPj nka;r;ry;/ kz; mupg;g[ Mfpad twl;rp
Vw;gl Kf;fpaf; fhuz=;fshFk;.

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,ay; ,aw;if fw;fz;L;
bjhifepiyj; bjhlu;fs;
2
ghlE}y; tpdhf;fs;
gyt[s; bjupf
1. `bgupa kPir~ rpupj;jhu; ? tz;zr; brhy;Yf;fhd bjhifapd; tif vJ>

m) gz;g[j;bjhif M) ctikj;bjhif
,) md;bkhHpj;bjhif <) ck;ikj;bjhif [tpil: m) gz;g[j;bjhif]
FWtpdh
1. jz;zPu; Fo/ japu;f;Flk; Mfpa bjhifr;brhw;fis tpupj;J vGJf. bjhlupy; mikf;f.
jz;zPu; Fo
jz;zPiuf; Fo (,uz;lhk; ntw;Wikj; bjhif)
kpFe;j jhfj;jpdhy; jz;zPiuf; Foj;njd;.
japu;f;Flk;
japiu cila Flk; (,uz;lhk; ntw;Wik cUg[k; gaDk; cld; bjhf;fj; bjhif)
fkyh japu;f;Flj;jpypUe;J japiu Cw;wpdhs;.
rpWtpdh
,ay; 2
1.
njhl;lj;jpy; ky;ypifg;g{ gwpj;j g{=;bfho/ tUk; tHpapy; MLkhLfSf;Fj; jz;zPu;j;
bjhl;oapy; FoePu; epug;gpdhs;. tPl;oDs; te;jts; Rtu;f;fofhuj;jpy; kzp ghu;j;jhs;.
,g;gFjpapy; cs;s bjhifr; brhw;fspd; tiffisf; Fwpg;gpl;L tpupj;J vGJf.
ky;ypifg;g{
,U bgabuhl;Lg; gz;g[j;bjhif.
ky;ypif vd;Dk; g{ (ky;ypif ? rpwg;g[g; bgau;/ g{ ? bghJg; bgau;)
g{=;bfho
ctikj; bjhif
g{ nghd;w bfho
jz;zPu;j; bjhl;oapy;
,uz;lhk; ntw;Wik cUg[k; gaDk; cld; bjhf;fj; bjhif
jz;zPiu Cw;Wk; bjhl;o
FoePu; epug;gpdhs;
,uz;lhk; ntw;Wikj; bjhif
FoePiu epug;gpdhs;
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TLjy; tpdhf;fs;
gyt[s; bjupf
1. bjhif epiyj; bjhlu; vj;jid tifg;gLk;>

m) ,uz;L M) ehd;F
,) Ie;J <) MW [tpil: <) MW]
2. fPH;f;fhQk; brhw;fspy; ck;ikj;bjhif my;yhj brhy; vJ>
m) nju;g;ghfd; M) mz;zd; jk;gp
,) btw;wpiy ghf;F <) ,ut[ gfy; [tpil: m) nju;g;ghfd;]
3.
`kJiu brd;whu;~ ? ,j;bjhlupy; mike;Js;s ntw;Wikj;bjhif vt;tif ntw;Wikj;
bjhiff;Fg; bghUe;Jk;>
m) @d;whk; ntw;Wikj; bjhif
M) ehd;fhk; ntw;Wikj; bjhif
,) Ie;jhk; ntw;Wikj; bjhif
<) Mwhk; ntw;Wikj; bjhif [tpil: M) ehd;fhk; ntw;Wikj; bjhif]
4. bghUj;Jf.
1. kJiu brd;whu; ? m) tpidj;bjhif
2. tPR bjd;wy; ? M) gz;g[j;bjhif
3. br=;fhe;js; ? ,) ,Ubgabuhl;Lg; gz;g[j;bjhif
4. khu;fHpj; jp=;fs; ? <) ehd;fhk; ntw;Wikj; bjhif
m) 1.< 2.m 3.M 4., M) 1.< 2., 3.M 4.m
,) 1.< 2.M 3.m 4., <) 1.< 2., 3.m 4.M [tpil: m) 1.< 2.m 3.M 4.,]
5. bghUj;Jf.
,ay; 2
1. ctikj;bjhif ? m) KWf;F kPir itj;jhu;

2. ck;ikj;bjhif ? M) kyu;f;if
3. md;bkhHpj;bjhif ? ,) tl;lj;bjhl;o
4. gz;g[j;bjhif ? <) mz;zd; jk;gp
m) 1.M 2.< 3.m 4., M) 1.< 2.m 3.M 4.,
,) 1.M 2., 3.m 4.< <) 1., 2.< 3.m 4.M [tpil: m) 1.M 2.< 3.m 4.,]
6. gz;g[j;bjhif my;yhj xd;W
m) br=;fhe;js; M) tl;lj;bjhl;o
,) ,d;bkhHp <) bfhy;fspW [tpil: <) bfhy;fspW]
7. fhyk; fue;j bgabur;rk;
m) tpidj;bjhif M) gz;g[j;bjhif
,) ctikj;bjhif <) ck;ikj;bjhif [tpil: m) tpidj;bjhif]
8. ntw;Wika[Ug[ my;yhjJ
m) I/ xL M) F/ ,d;
,) Mfpa/ Md <) mJ/ fz; [tpil: ,) Mfpa/ Md]
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9. bghUe;jhj ,iziaf; fz;lwpf

m) tpidj;bjhif ? nju;g;ghfd;
M) gz;g[j;bjhif ? ,d;bkhHp
,) ck;ikj;bjhif ? jha; nra;
<) md;bkhHpj;bjhif ? rptg;g[r;rl;il ngrpdhu;
[tpil: m) tpidj;bjhif ? nju;g;ghfd;]
10. `kyu; nghd;w if~ ,jpy; `kyu;~ vd;gJ _____ `nghd;w~ vd;gJ _____ ìf~ vd;gJ _____
m) ctk cUg[ ? ctik ? ctnkak;
M) ctik ? ctk cUg[ ? ctnkak;
,) ctnkak; ? ctik ? ctk cUg[
<) ,tw;Ws; VJkpy;iy [tpil: M) ctik ? ctk cUg[ ? ctnkak;]
11. rpwg;g[g; bgau;/ bghJg;bgau; Mfpad tUk; bjhifr;brhy;

m) gz;g[j;bjhif
M) tpidj;bjhif
,) ,Ubgabuhl;Lg; gz;g[j;bjhif
<) ck;ikj;bjhif [tpil: ,) ,Ubgabuhl;Lg; gz;g[j;bjhif]
12. khu;fHpj; jp=;fs;/ rhiug;ghk;g[ Mfpa brhw;fspy; ,lk;bgWk; bghJg;bgau;fs; vit>

m) khu;fHp/ rhiu M) jp=;fs;/ ghk;g[
,) khu;fHp/ ghk;g[ <) jp=;fs;/ rhiu [tpil: M) jp=;fs;/ ghk;g][
13. `br=;fhe;js;~ ? ,g;gz;g[j;bjhifr; brhy;ypy; kiwe;J tUk; cUg[

m) Md M) Mfpa
,) nghd;w <) I [tpil: M) Mfpa]
14. `,d;bkhHp~ ? ,g;gz;g[j;bjhifr; brhy;ypy; kiwe;J tUk; cUg[

m) Md M) Mfpa
,ay; 2
,) nghd;w <) ,d; [tpil: m) Md]
15. `kJiu brd;whs;~ ? ,t;ntw;Wikj;bjhifr; brhy;ypy; ,lk;bgWk; ntw;Wik cUg[

m) F M) fz;
,) My; <) mJ [tpil: m) F]
16. fUk;g[ jpd;whd; ? ,j;bjhlu; _______ ntw;Wikj;bjhlu;.

m) ,uz;lhk; M) @d;whk;
,) ehd;fhk; <) Mwhk; [tpil: m) ,uz;lhk;]
17. ehd;fhk; ntw;Wik cUg[k; gaDk; cld; bjhf;f bjhiff;fhd brhy;
m) nju;g;ghfd; M) jkpH;j;bjhz;L
,) fUk;g[ jpd;whd; <) kJiu brd;whu; [tpil: M) jkpH;j;bjhz;L]

i) tPR bjd;wy; ? 1. ck;ikj; bjhif
ii) br=;fhe;js; ? 2. ctikj;bjhif
iii) kyu;f;if ? 3. gz;g[j;bjhif
iv) jha;nra; ? 4. tpidj;bjhif
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m) 4/ 3/ 2/ 1 M) 3/ 4/ 1/ 2
,) 4/ 2/ 1/ 3 <) 2/ 3/ 4/ 1 [tpil: m) 4/ 3/ 2/ 1]
19. ,Ubgabuhl;Lg; gz;g[j;bjhiff;fhd brhy;
m) kyu;f;if M) mz;zd; jk;gp
,) khu;fHpj;jp=;fs; <) nju;g;ghfd; [tpil: ,) khu;fHpj;jp=;fs;]
20. bghUj;Jf.
i) ,d;bkhHp – 1. ctikj;bjhif
ii) jha;nra; – 2. tpidj;bjhif
iii) Kj;Jg;gy; – 3. ck;ikj; bjhif
iv) tUg[dy; – 4. gz;g[j;bjhif
m) 1/ 2/ 3/ 4 M) 3/ 4/ 2/ 1
,) 4/ 3/ 2/ 1 <) 4/ 3/ 1/ 2 [tpil: <) 4/ 3/ 1/ 2]
21. rptg;g[r;rl;il ngrpdhu; ? mof;nfhol;l brhy;Yf;fhd bjhifapd; tif vJ>
m) gz;g[j;bjhif M) ctikj;bjhif
,) md;bkhHpj;bjhif <) ck;ikj;bjhif [tpil: m) gz;g[j;bjhif]
FWtpdh
1. brhw;bwhlu; vd;why; vd;d> v.fh. jUf.
brhw;fs; gy bjhlu;e;J epd;W bghUs; jUk;.
,J bjhlu; my;yJ brhw;bwhlu; vdg;gLk;.
v.fh: ePu; gUfpdhd;.
2. bjhifepiyj; bjhlu; vd;why; vd;d>
bgau;r; brhy;Yk; tpidr;brhy;Yk; nrUk; bjhlu;.
,ilapy; ntw;Wik cUg[fnsh/ tpid gz;g[ Kjypatw;wpd; cUg[fnsh kiwe;J tUk;.
,ay; 2
,uz;L my;yJ mjw;F nkw;gl;l brhw;fs; xU brhy; nghy; epw;Fk;.

v.fh: fUk;g[ jpd;whd;.
3. bjhifepiyj; bjhlu; vj;jid tifg;gLk;> mit ahit>
bjhifepiyj; bjhlu; MW tifg;gLk;. mit:
ntw;Wikj;bjhif  tpidj;bjhif
gz;g[j;bjhif  ctikj;bjhif
ck;ikj;bjhif  md;bkhHpj;bjhif
4. ntw;Wik cUg[fs; vj;jid> mit ahit>
ntw;Wik cUg[fs; MW. mit: I/ My;/ F/ ,d;/ mJ/ fz;.
5. ntw;Wikj;bjhif vd;why; vd;d> v.fh jUf.
xU bjhlupy; ntw;Wik cUg[fspy; VnjDk; xd;W kiwe;J te;J bghUs; jUk;.
v.fh: kJiu brd;whu; ? kJiuf;Fr; brd;whu;.
6. cUg[k; gaDk; cld;bjhf;fj; bjhif vd;why; vd;d> v.fh. jUf.
xU bjhlupy; ntw;Wik cUg[k; mjd; bghUis tpsf;Fk; gaDk; nru;e;J kiwe;J tUk;.
v.fh: nju;g;ghfd;.
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njiu Xl;Lk; ghfd;. I ? cUg[" Xl;Lk; ? gad;.

,Jt[k; ntw;Wikj; bjhifna.
7. gz;g[j;bjhifiar; rhd;Wld; tpsf;Ff.
mst[/ epwk;/ totk;/ Rit Mfpatw;iw czu;j;Jk;.
gz;g[g;bgaUf;Fk; mJ jGtp epw;Fk; bgau;r;brhy;Yf;Fk;. ,ilapy; ìk~ vd;Dk; gz;g[
tpFjp kiwe;J tUk;.
Mfpa/ Md vd;Dk; gz;g[ cUg[fs; kiwe;J tUk;.
v.fh: br=;fhe;js;/ tl;lj;bjhl;o.
8. ,Ubgabuhl;Lg; gz;g[j;bjhif vd;why; vd;d> rhd;W jUf.
rpwg;g[g; bgau; Kd;Dk; bghJg; bgau; gpd;Dkhf tUk;.
,ilapy; Mfpa vd;Dk; gz;g[ cUg[ bjhf;fp tUk;.
v.fh: khu;fHpj; jp=;fs;.
9. ctikj;bjhif vd;why; vd;d> vLj;Jf;fhl;L je;J tpsf;Ff.
ctikf;Fk; ctnkaj;jpw;Fk; ,ilapy; ctk cUg[ kiwe;J tUk;.
v.fh: kyu;f;if. ctik ? kyu;/ ctnkak; ? if/ ctk cUg[ ? nghd;w.
kyu; nghd;w if vdg; bghUs; gLk;.
10. ck;ikj;bjhif vd;why; vd;d> rhd;W je;J tpsf;Ff.
,Ubrhw;fSf;F ,ilapYk; ,WjpapYk; `ck;~ vd;Dk; ,ilr;brhy; kiwe;J tUk;.
v.fh: jha;nra;/ mz;zd; jk;gp.
jha[k; nra[k;/ mz;zDk; jk;gpa[k; vd tpupe;J bghUis czu;j;Jfpd;wd.
11. md;bkhHpj;bjhif vd;why; vd;d>
ntw;Wik/ tpid/ gz;g[/ ctik/ ck;ik Mfpa bjhif epiyj; bjhlu;fspy; my;yhj ntW
brhw;fs; kiwe;J epd;W bghUs; jUk;.
,ay; 2
v.fh: KWf;F kPir te;jhu;.
KWf;F kPiria cilatu; te;jhu; vdj; bjhif epiyj;bjhlu; my;yhj ntW brhy;
kiwe;J epd;W bghUs; jUfpwJ.
12. ck;ikj;bjhif vj;jid mst[g; bgau;fisj; bjhlu;e;J tUk;> mit ahit>
ck;ikj;bjhif ehd;F mst[g; bgau;fisj; bjhlu;e;J tUk;. mit:
vz;zy;  ePl;ly;
vLj;jy;  Kfj;jy;
13. ,ilr;brhy; kiwe;J tUk; bjhifr; brhw;fs; vit>
ntw;Wikj; bjhif  ,Ubgabuhl;Lg; gz;g[j;bjhif
tpidj;bjhif  ctikj;bjhif
gz;g[j;bjhif  md;bkhHpj;bjhif
14. tpidj;bjhifiar; rhd;Wld; tpsf;Ff.
fhyk; fue;j bgabur;rk;. fhyk; fhl;Lk;. ,ilepiya[k; bgabur;r tpFjpa[k; kiwe;J epw;Fk;.
tpidg;gFjpiaj; bjhlu;e;J xU bgau; te;J xU brhy;iyg; nghy; elf;Fk;.
v.fh: tPR bjd;wy; vd;gJ/ tPrpa bjd;wy;/ tPRfpd;w bjd;wy;/ tPRk; bjd;wy; vd Kf;fhyj;jpw;Fk;
bghUe;Jk;.
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tz;zkpl;l bjhifepiyj; bjhlu;fis tifg;gLj;Jf.

1. md;g[r;bry;td; jpwd;ngrpapd; bjhLjpiuapy; goj;Jf;bfhz;oUe;jhu;.
md;g[r;bry;td; – ,Ubgabuhl;Lg; gz;g[j;bjhif
bjhLjpiu – tpidj;bjhif
2. midtUf;Fk; nkhu;g;ghidiaj; jpwe;J nkhu; bfhLf;ft[k;.

nkhu;g; ghid – ,uz;lhk; ntw;Wik cUg[k; gaDk; cld; bjhf;fj; bjhif
nkhu; bfhLf;ft[k ; – ,uz;lhk; ntw;Wikj; bjhif
3. btz;ilf;fha;g; bghupay; nkhu;f;FHk;gf

[ ;Fg; bghUj;jkhf ,Uf;Fk;.
btz;ilf;fha;g; – ,Ubgabuhl;Lg; gz;g[j;bjhif
nkhu;f;FHk;g[ – @d;whk; ntw;Wik cUg[k; gaDk; cld; bjhf;fj; bjhif
4. j=;f kPd;fs; jz;zPu;j; bjhl;oapy; tpisahLfpd;wd.

j=;fkPd;fs; – ctikj;bjhif
jz;zPu;j; bjhl;oapy; – ,uz;lhk; ntw;Wik cUg[k; gaDk; cld; bjhf;fj; bjhif
bkhHpia Ms;nthk; gf;fk;: 45
jkpHpy; bkhHpbgau;j;Jj; jiyg;gpLf.

The Golden sun gets up early in the morning and starts its bright rays to fade away the dark. The milky
clouds start their wandering. The colourful birds start twitting their morning melodies in percussion. The
cute butterflies dance around the flowers. The flower’s fragrance fills the breeze. The breeze gently blows
everywhere and makes everything pleasant.
,aw;if
,ay; 2
bghd;dhd fjputd; ehs;njhWk; fhiyapy; vGe;J mjd; xspf;fjpu;fis tPrp/ ,Uis

kiwar; bra;a[k;/ ghy; nghd;w nkf=;fs; Rw;w Muk;gpj;JtpLk;. tz;zg; gwitfs; ,jkhd
NH;epiyiaj; jd; ,wFfis mog;gjd; @yk; cUthf;Fk;. mHfhd tz;zj;Jg; g{r;rp
kyu;fisr; Rw;wp MLk;. g{f;fspd; eWkzk; bjd;wy; fhw;iw epug;g[k;. me;jf; fhw;W midj;J
,l=;fspYk; gutp xU g[j;Jzu;thd NH;epiyia cUthf;Fk;.
brhw;fspy; kiwe;Js;s bjhiffis milahsk; fz;L bjhlupy; mikf;f.

,d;brhy;/ vGfjpu;/ fPupghk;g[/ g{=;FHy; te;jhs;/ kiy thH;thu;/ Kj;Jg;gy;
v.fh: ,d;brhy; ? gz;g[j;bjhif
,dpikahd brhy; TWjy; rhd;nwhu;f;F mHF.
1. vGfjpu; ? tpidj;bjhif
kdpj thH;f;if vGfjpu; nghd;wJ.
2. fPupghk;g[ ? ck;ikj;bjhif
fyht[k; khyht[k; fPupa[k; ghk;g[k; nghy vg;bghGJk; gifiknahL thH;fpd;wdu;.
3. g{=;FHy; te;jhs; ? md;bkhHpj;bjhif
g{ nghd;w Te;jiya[ila (FHy;) bgz; te;jhs;
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4. kiy thH;thu; ? VHhk; ntw;Wikj; bjhif

Fwp+;rp epy kf;fs; kiyapd; fz; thH;thu;.
5. Kj;Jg;gy; ? ctikj;bjhif
khyhtpd; Kj;Jg;gy; nkYk; mtSf;F mHF nru;f;fpwJ.
bra;jpfisg; goj;J tpdhf;fSf;F tpil vGJf.

g{f;fisg; gw;wpa mupa ,yf;fpar; bra;jpfs;
g{ cz;L/ Mdhy; fz;zpw;Ff; fhl;rp juhky; fhz;gjw;F mupadtha; ,Uf;Fk; kyu;fs;/
My kyu;" gyh kyu;.
kyu; cz;L" bgaUk; cz;L" Mdhy; ,Jjhd; mJ vd;W cWjpahf mwpa ,ayhJs;s
epiyapy; ,Uf;Fk; kyu;fs; : Rs;sp kyu;/ gh=;fu; kyu;.
mftpjH; Kjypa cWg;g[fs; ,Ue;J mit g[wj;nj fhl;rpg;glhky; cs;nsna
bghjpe;jpUf;Fk; kyu;fs; : mj;jp/ Myk;/ bfhHp+;rp/ gyh.
gad;ghL/ ehw;wk;/ kf;fsJ tpUg;gpy; ,lk; bgwhik/ bghJtpy; xJf;fg;gl;lik bfhz;L
kyupy; rpy vspait Mfpd;wd. mitahtd : beU+;rp/ vUf;F/ g{is/ FhP,g; g{is/ ntis/
Ckj;jk;/ fs;sp/ KU=;if.
,Yg;igg; g{f;fs; ,dpg;ghdit. fuofs; kuj;jpd; kPnjwp mtw;iwg; gwpj;J cz;Qk;.
ghjpupg; g{ FoePUf;Fj; jd; kzj;ij Vw;Wk;. @=;fpy; g{tpy; fha; njhd;wpf; fdpahfp mjpypUe;J
xUtif muprp njhd;Wk;. ,J @=;fpy; muprp vdg;gLk;.
? nfhit. ,s+;nrud;.
1. kyu; cz;L;" bgaUk; cz;L ? ,uz;L bjhlu;fisa[k; xU bjhluhf;Ff.
kyUf;Fg; bgau; cz;L.
2. mUk;ghfp bkhl;lhfpg; g{thfp.... vd;gij xj;J mike;Js;s bjhliuf; fz;lwpf.
mftpjH; Kjypa cWg;g[fs; ,Ue;J mit g[wj;nj fhl;rpg;glhky; cs;nsna bghjpe;jpUf;Fk;
,ay; 2
kyu;fs;.
3. eP=;fs; mwpe;j ,U g{f;fspd; bgau;fisa[k; mjd; gad;fisa[k; vGJf.
KU=;ifg;g{:
,g;g{itf; frhak; bra;J thuk; ,UKiw Fof;ft[k;. Foj;Jtu ePuHpt[ neha;/ euk;g[j;jsu;r;rp
neha; eP=;Fk;. epidt[ Mw;wy; bgUFk;.
vUf;fk; g{
vUf;fk; g{itf; fha itj;J bgho bra;J g[z;fspy; g{r tpiutpy; FzkhFk;. fhy; tPf;fk;
Fiwa ,g;g{it vz;bzapy; tjf;fpf; fl;l tPf;fk; eP=;Fk;.
4. mupa kyu; ? ,yf;fzf; Fwpg;g[j; jUf.
Fwpg;g[g; bgabur;rk;.
5. bjhlupy; bghUe;jhg; bghUs; jUk; ka=;bfhyp vGj;Jfisj; jpUj;Jf.
,Yg;igg; g{f;fs; ,dpg;ghdit. fuofs; kwj;jpd; kPnjwp mtw;iwg; gupj;J cz;Qk;. ghjpupg;
g{ FoePUf;Fj; jd; kdj;ij Vw;Wk;.
,Yg;igg; g{f;fs; ,dpg;ghdit/ fuofs; kuj;jpd; kPnjwp mtw;iwg; gwpj;J cz;Qk;.
ghjpupg;g{ FoePUf;Fj; jd; kzj;ij Vw;Wk;.
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thH;j;Jkly; vGJf.
khepy mstpy; eilbgw;w ``kuk; ,aw;ifapd; tuk;~~ vDk; jiyg;gpyhd fl;Liug; nghl;oapy;
btw;wp bgw;W Kjy; gupR bgw;w njhHid thH;j;jp kly; vGJf.
jpUbey;ntyp/
12?03?2020.
md;g[s;s ez;gd; muRf;F/
cd; capu; ez;gd; vGJtJ. eyk; eykwpa Mty;/
new;iwa ehspjHpy; `kuk; ,aw;ifapd; tuk;~ vd;w jiyg;gpy; khepy mstpy; eilbgw;w
fl;Liug; nghl;oapy; g=;Fbfhz;L Kjy; gupR bgw;wijf; fz;L kfpH;r;rpf; flypy;
@H;fpndhk;. ehspjHpYk; mf;fl;Liu btspte;jpUe;jJ. mjidg; goj;Jg; ghu;j;njhk;.
kuk;jhd; kuk;jhd;
kdpjd; kwe;jhd; kuj;ij
vd;W eP vGjpa brhw;fs; tpHpg;gilar; bra;Jtpl;lJ. eh=;fSk; v=;fs; gFjpapy; ku=;fis
el;L ,aw;if tsj;ijg; ghJfhf;Fk; bray;fspy; <Lgl Muk;gpj;J tpl;nlhk;.
ePa[k; ,Jnghd;w gy;ntW nghl;ofspy; g=;Fbfhz;L cyfshtpa rhjidfisg; bgw;W
tPl;Lf;Fk; ehl;Lf;Fk; bgUikj; njoj;ju kdjhu cd;id thH;j;Jfpnwd;.
,g;gof;F/
cd; capu; ez;gd;/
f. jkpH;kzp.
ciwnky; Kftup:
bgWeu;
r. muR/
103/ bre;jkpH;efu;/
,ay; 2
<nuhL ? 638 002.
ghujpapd; trdeil ? rpl;Lf;FUtp

rpwpajhdpak; nghd;w @f;F" rpd;df;fz;fs;" rpd;dj;jiy" bts;isf; fGj;J" mHfpa
k=;fy btz;ik epwKila gl;Lg;nghu;j;j tapW" fUika[k; btz;ika[k; fye;j rhk;gy;
epwj;jhyhfpa gl;Lg;nghu;j;j KJF" rpwpa njhif" Jspj;Jspf; fhy;fs;" ,j;jida[k; nru;j;J xU
gr;irf; FHe;ijapd; ifg;gpoapny gpoj;J tplyhk;. ,t;tpjkhd cliyr; Rke;J bfhz;L
vd; tPl;ony ,uz;L capu;fs; thH;fpd;wd. mtw;wpy; xd;W Mz; kw;bwhd;W bgz;.
,J nghd;W c=;fSf;Fg; gpoj;j VnjDk; xd;iwg; gw;wp trdeilapy; vGJf.
kapy;
cWjp kpf;f @f;F" tpijbahj;j fz;fs;" rpd;dj;jiy" fUk;gr;ir kw;Wk; fUePy
epwKila gl;Lg;nghu;j;j tapW" fUik/ rhk;gy; kw;Wk; bre;epwk; fye;j gl;Lg;nghu;j;j KJF"
ePz;l mHfpa gy tz;zj;jhyhd njhif" gd=;fpH=;ifbahj;j fhy;fs;" ,j;jida[k; nru;j;J
xUtu; ifapny gpog;gJ kpft[k; mupJ. ,t;tpjkhd cliyr; Rke;J bfhz;L vd; tPl;Lj;
njhl;lj;jpw;F ,uz;L/ capu;fs; te;J nghfpd;wd. mtw;wpy; xd;W Mz; kapy; kw;bwhd;W
bgz; kapy;.
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bkhHpnahL tpisahL gf;fk;: 47
brhy;iyf; fz;Lgpoj;Jg; g[jpiu tpLtpf;f.

1. Kjy; ,uz;il ePf;fpdhYk; thrid jUk;" ePf;fhtpl;lhYk; thrid jUk;.
eWkzk;
2. gHikf;F vjpuhdJ ? vGJnfhypy; gad;gLk;.
g[Jik
3. ,Uf;Fk;nghJ cUtkpy;iy ? ,y;yhky; capupdk; ,y;iy.
fhw;W
4. ehbyGj;jpy; fz; rpkpl;Lk; ? filapuz;oy; ePe;jpr; bry;Yk;.
tpz;kPd;
5. XbuGj;jpy; nrhiy ? ,uz;blGj;jpy; tdk;.
fhL
eakpF bjhlu;fisg; goj;J Vw;w jiyg;g[fis vLj;bjGJf.
1. bfhSj;Jk; btapy; rl;bldj; jzpe;jJ. thdk; ,Uz;lJ. thilf; fhw;W tPrpaJ.
fhw;wpd; ghly;
2. g[tp rpypu;j;J/ kz;zpypUe;J rpd;d+;rpW bkhl;L KfpH;j;jJ" mr;broia tuntw;Fk; tpjkhfg;
gf;fj;Jr; brofs; jiyahl;o kfpH;fpd;wd.
bkhl;od; tUif.
3. nrhiyf;Fs; rj;jkpy;yhky; tPrpaJ bjd;wy;" g{f;fs; mjd; tUifia czu;e;J eWkzj;Jld;
tuntw;fpd;wd. g{thrk; fye;j bjd;wypy; tz;Lfs; kpje;J brd;W kyu;fspy; mku;fpd;wd.
kpjf;Fk; thrk;.
4.
,utpd; ,Usikjpapy; ,iur;ryha;r; rpy Rtu;f;nfhHpfs;. twz;l thdj;jpd; ,Uz;l
g[Gf;fk;" kiHf;F V=;Fk; g[tp btg;gg; bgU@r;R tpLk;" frfrj;j capupd=;fs;.
,ay; 2
capu;g;gpd; Vf;fk;.
5. epd;Wtpl;l kiH jUk; Fspu;" brhl;Lr; brhl;lhf tpspk;g[fspypUe;Jk; ku=;fspypUe;Jk; tpGk;
kiHePu;gl;Lr; rpypu;f;Fk; capupdk;.
ePupd; rpypu;g;g[.
6.
Fapy;fspd; Ttypir. g[s;spd=;fspd; nka;r;rYk; gha;r;rYk;. ,iyfspd; mirt[fs;/
Niwf;fhw;wpd; Mnyhyk;.
tdj;jpd; eldk;/ kpjf;Fk; thrk;/ fhw;wpd; ghly;/ bkhl;od; tUif/ capu;g;gpd; Vf;fk;/ ePupd;
rpypu;g;g[.
mfuhjpapy; fhz;f.
mfd;Rlu;/ Mu;fyp/ fl;g[s;/ bfhLtha;/ jpUtpy;
mfd;Rlu; – (mfy; vd;gjd; jpupg[) mfy;Rlu;/ mfd;w Rlu;.
Mu;fyp – fly;/ kiH/ bts;sk;/ ngbuhyp/ Muthuk;.
fl;g[s ; – Xu; g[ytd;.
bfhLtha; – xU kpUfk;/ gHpr;brhy;/ g[yp/ Fwis/ tise;j tha;.
jpUtpy; – ,e;jputpy;.
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fhl;rpiaf; fz;L ftpDw vGJf.

V- khdplh......... V- khdplh
vd;id (kuj;ij) mHpj;jha;
vdf;Fk; xU fhyk; tUk;
gs;spf;FHe;ijfs;
g[j;jfg;ig Rkg;gJ nghy
capu;tspf;fhf
vd;ida[k; eP Rkg;gha;.......
capu;thH;tjw;F.
epw;f mjw;Fj; jf gf;fk;: 48
thbdhyp mwptpg;g[
$y; g[ay; brd;idf;Fj; bjd;fpHf;nf 150 fp.kP bjhiytpy; ikak; bfhz;Ls;sJ. ,d;W
,ut[ brd;idf;Fk; bey;Y}Uf;Fk; ,ilna fiuiaf; flf;Fk; vd;W brd;id thdpiy
Ma;t[ ikak; bjuptpj;Js;sJ.
g[aypd;nghJ
g[aypd;nghJ btspna bry;y btspnaw neu;e;jhy; Muk;gfl;l
ntz;lhk;. vr;rupf;ifapd;nghnj btspnawt[k;.
bjhiyngrp/ kpd;rhjd=;fs; gad; khoapy; ,Ug;gijj; jtpu;j;Jj; jsg; gFjpapnyna
gLj;Jtijj; jtpu;f;ft[k;. j=;ft[k;.
thbdhyp mwptpg;igf; nfl;Lg; fhw;W mog;gJ epd;whYk; vjpu;jpirapypUe;J kWgo
gpd;gw;wt[k;. ntfkhf tPr Muk;gpf;Fk;/ vdnt/ fhw;wog;gJ
Koe;Jtpl;ljhf epidf;f ntz;lhk;.
,ay; 2
kPdtu;fs; flYf;Fr; bry;tijj; thfdj;ij Xl;l neu;e;jhy; flw;fiug; gFjpfSf;Fj;

jtpu;f;ft[k;. bjhiytpYk;/ ku=;fs; kpd;fk;gpg; ghijfs;/ ePu;
tHpfs; Mfpatw;wpypUe;J tpyfpa[k; thfdj;jpd;
cs;nsna j=;fpapUf;ft[k;.
nkw;fz;l mwptpg;igf; nfl;l eP=;fs;/ c=;fisa[k; c=;fs; FLk;gj;jhiua[k; fhg;ghw;Wk;

tifapy; bra;a[k; bray;fis tupirg;gLj;jp vGJf.
g[aypd; nghJ btspna bry;y khl;nlhk;.
bjhiyngrp kpd;rhjd=;fs; gad;gLj;Jtijj; jtpu;g;nghk;.
khoapy; ,Ug;gijj; jtpu;j;Jj; jsg; gFjpapnyna FLk;gj;jpdnuhL j=;Fntd;.
fhw;wog;gJ epd;whYk; thbdhyp mwptpg;igf; nfl;L mjw;nfw;g bray;gLnthk;.
fiyr;brhy; mwpnthk;
Storm ? g[ay; Tornado ? Nwhtsp
Tempest ? bgU=;fhw;W Land Breeze ? epyf;fhw;W
Sea Breeze ? flw;fhw;W Whirlwind ? RHy;fhw;W


Namma Kalvi 10th Tamil Unit 2 Surya Guide

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,ay; ,aw;if ciueil cyfk;

nfl;fpwjh vd; Fuy;-

2. bghUe;Jk; tpil tupiriaj; nju;e;bjLf;f.

1. kyu;e;Jk; kyuhj ghjpkyu; nghy

1. bjd;nkw;Fg; gUtf;fhw;W ,e;jpahtpw;F vj;jid tpGf;fhL kiHg;bghHptpidj; jUfpwJ>

5. ``tha[ tHf;fk; mwpe;J brwpe;jl=;fpy;

<) jpU@yu; [tpil: ,) gygl;lilr; brhf;fehjg; g[ytu;]

11. `tspbjhHpy; Mz;l cunthd;~ ? vdf; Fwpg;gplg;gLk; kd;dd;

12. fupfhy; bgUtsj;jhidg; g[fH;e;J ghoa r=;ffhyg; bgz;g[ytu;

14. $^d; Kjy; brg;lk;gu; tiu tPRk; gUtf;fhw;W

15. mf;nlhgu; Kjy; ork;gu; tiu tPRk; gUtf;fhw;W

16. cyff; fhw;whiy cw;gj;jpapy; Ie;jhk; ,lk; bgw;Ws;s ehL

18. cyfpnyna mjpf mst[[ khRgLj;Jk; ehLfspy; ,uz;lhkplk; bgw;Ws;s ehL

19. ,e;jpahtpy; kpFe;j capupHg;igj; jUk; fhuzpfspy; Ie;jhkplk; bgWtJ

20. cyff; fhw;W ehs;

23. capupd thH;tpd; mog;gil

26. `tz;blhL g[f;f kztha;j; bjd;wy;~ ? vd;W ciuj;jtu; ahu;>

29. ``ejpapy; tpisahof; bfhoapy; jiyrPtp

31. \pg;ghy!; vd;gtu;

33. \p[g;ghy!; gUtf;fhw;W vd;W bgaupl;ltu;fs;

35. btz;zpf;Faj;jpahu; vd;gtu;

36. ``fsp,ay; ahidf; fupfhy; tst-~~ vd;W ghoatu;

38. gUtf;fhw;wpd; gaid cyfpw;F czu;j;jpa fpnuf;f mwp+u;

40. ,e;jpahtpd; KJbfYk;g[

44. g[wCjhf; fjpu;fisj; jLf;Fk; muz;

48. mkpy kiHahy; Jd;gj;jpw;F cs;shFgit

50. xU kzpj;Jspf;F 12 Kjy; 18 Kiw @r;Rf;fhw;wha; ehk; btspapLtJ

51. ku=;fs; ek; EiuaPuYf;Fj; njitahd vijj; jUfpwJ>

m) kiwkiyaofs; M) jdpehaf mofs;

53. ,aw;ifapd; TWfspy; vjpd; g=;F TLjyhdJ>

55. jh$;kfhy; fl;lg;gl;l E}w;whz;L

1. @r;Rg;gapw;rp Fwpj;Jj; jpU@yu; Twpa bra;jp ahJ>

2. fhw;iwf; Fwpf;Fk; ntW bgau;fs; ahit>

13. Xnrhd; glyj;jpd; gad;fisf; TW.

 fpnuf;fk; ? Krpwpf;F tpiuthd fly; gazk;.

1. \pg;ghy!; gUtf;fhw;W Fwpg;g[ tiuf.

fw;git fw;wgpd; gf;fk;: 30

,ay; ,aw;if ftpijg; ngiH

1. ``cdf;Fg; ghl;Lfs; ghLfpnwhk;

1. trd ftpij ? Fwpg;g[ tiuf.

a[ilaJ fhw;Wk; ,dpJ ? ghujpahu;

1. fPH;f;fhz;gdtw;Ws; bghUe;jhj ,iziaf; fz;Lgpo.

3. `ePL Japy; ePf;fg; ghote;j epyh~ vd;W ghuhl;lg;gl;ltu;.

11. `fhw;nw th~ vd;Dk; ftpijapd; Mrpupau;

13. bghUj;jpf; fhl;Lf:

iii) vGj;J iv) fizahHp

18. `,dpa thrida[ld; th~ vd;W ghujp miHj;jJ

ghuhl;Lfs; : `rpe;Jf;Fj; je;ij~/ `ghl;Lf;bfhU g[ytd; ghujp~

m) kiHna kiHna th th ? ey;y M) fpYfpY fpYfp bydt[k; ; `fpf;fP~

,ay; ,aw;if ftpijg; ngiH

1. `ghL,kpH; gdpf;fly; gUfp~ vd;Dk; Ky;iyg;ghl;L mo czu;j;Jk; mwptpay; bra;jp ahJ>

,yf;fzf;Fwpg;g[ bra;a[spir msbgil cupr;brhy; bjhlu;

1. Ky;iyg; ghl;oy; cs;s fhu;fhyr; bra;jpia tptupj;J vGJf.

1. Ky;iyg;ghl;od; bkhj;j mofs; vj;jid>

5. gj;Jg;ghl;oy; kpff; Fiwe;j mofisf; bfhz;l E}y;

7. tyk;g[upr; r=;F bghwpj;j iffisa[ilatu;

12. Ky;iyg;ghl;L vd;Dk; E}iy ,aw;wpatu;

14. `ede;jiy cyfk;~ vd;gjpy; `ede;jiy~ vd;gjd; bghUs;

17. bghwpj;j ? gFgj cWg;gpyf;fzj;jpd;go gpupf;Fk; Kiw

18. jiytpf;fhf ew;brhy; nfl;L epd;wtu;fs;

20. grpahy; thof; bfhz;oUe;j ,s=;fd;wpd; tUj;jj;ijf; fz;lts;

22. `ed;du; ed;bkhHp nfl;ldk;~ ? ahu; ahuplk; TwpaJ>

23. ghlg;gFjpapy; ,lk;bgw;Ws;s Ky;iyg;ghl;od; mofs;

1. bjd;nkw;Fg; gUtf;fhw;W ,e;jpahtpw;F vj;jid tpGf;fhL kiHg;bghHptpidj; jUfpwJ>

5. ``tha[ tHf;fk; mwpe;J brwpe;jl=;fpy;

<) jpU@yu; [tpil: ,) gygl;lilr; brhf;fehjg; g[ytu;]

16. cyff; fhw;whiy cw;gj;jpapy; Ie;jhk; ,lk; bgw;Ws;s ehL

19. ,e;jpahtpy; kpFe;j capupHg;igj; jUk; fhuzpfspy; Ie;jhkplk; bgWtJ

29. ``ejpapy; tpisahof; bfhoapy; jiyrPtp

50. xU kzpj;Jspf;F 12 Kjy; 18 Kiw @r;Rf;fhw;wha; ehk; btspapLtJ

fpnuf;fk; ? Krpwpf;F tpiuthd fly; gazk;.

1. ``cdf;Fg; ghl;Lfs; ghLfpnwhk;

1. `ghL,kpH; gdpf;fly; gUfp~ vd;Dk; Ky;iyg;ghl;L mo czu;j;Jk; mwptpay; bra;jp ahJ>

jiytd; jpiwg;bghUnshL tUtJ cWjp.

1. Ky;iyg;ghl;od; fhl;rpfspypUe;J r=;ffhy kf;fspd; thH;f;ifr; NHiy czu Kofpwjh>

9. g[aypny xU njhzp vd;Dk; g[jpdj;jpd; _______ vd;Dk; mj;jpahaj;jpd; RUf;fg;gl;l gFjp

10. gh. rp=;fhuj;jpd; Cu; _ khtl;lk; _

19. thdpiy Ma;thsu;fs;/ bghJkf;fs;/ fly; khYkpfs; Mfpnahu;f;F thdpiy vr;rupf;ifiag;

20. ______ E}w;whz;od; bjhlf;fj;jpy; bjw;fhrpa ehLfspy; gy;ntW ehLfisr; nru;e;jtu;fs;

12. khu;fHpj; jp=;fs;/ rhiug;ghk;g[ Mfpa brhw;fspy; ,lk;bgWk; bghJg;bgau;fs; vit>

15. `kJiu brd;whs;~ ? ,t;ntw;Wikj;bjhifr; brhy;ypy; ,lk;bgWk; ntw;Wik cUg[

,uz;L my;yJ mjw;F nkw;gl;l brhw;fs; xU brhy; nghy; epw;Fk;.

njiu Xl;Lk; ghfd;. I ? cUg[" Xl;Lk; ? gad;.

3. btz;ilf;fha;g; bghupay; nkhu;f;FHk;gf