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1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993

4
13
25
30
32
33
32
43
54
51
47
32
44
43
47
39
54
40

1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011

27
24
11
11
16
16
11

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(1999)
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QO z<~ } 545

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