Professional Documents
Culture Documents
project
(2009-2010)
TEAM WORK
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
-7
SUPERVISOR
/Prof.Dr
Intake Stroke
Compression Stroke
Power Stroke
Exhaust Stroke
Intake Stroke
Compression Stroke
Power Stroke
Typically, just before the piston reaches its top most position (Top
Dead Center or TDC) , the ignition system ignites the now
compressed air/fuel charge. Though, in human terms, this burning
of the fuel seems more like an instantaneous explosion, it is actually,
in a properly running engine, a smooth, rapid flame front that
moves from the source of the ignition (spark plug, ignitor, etc.) to all
points within the combustion chamber. If the fuel is ignited from
several different points due to deposits in the combustion chamber,
poor quality fuel or engine problems, several flame fronts can be
generated and will collide with each other making what is heard as
the common "pinging" sound, sometimes called Preignition. The
pressure inside the cylinder increases dramatically because of the
combustion taking place and this pressure forces the piston down,
which causes the crankshaft to rotate providing usable power
output.
Exhaust Stroke
OTTO CYCLE
3
p
v=c
s=c
4
v=c
s=c
v
On the PV-diagram,
1-2 Isentropic Compression stroke .
2-3 Heat addition stroke .
3-4 Isentropic expansion process.
4-1 Heat rejection.
The distance between points 1-2 is the stroke of the
engine. By dividing V1/V2, we get: r=v1/v2
where r is called the compression ratio of the
engine. The efficiency is taken to be:
1
r(
K =
CP
CV
CYLINDER-1
CYLINDER ARRANGEMENT
In line.
V.
Flat.
Radial.
Radial( D)
Valves -2
ARRANGEMENT OF VALVES
1.
L-HEAD.
2.
I-HEAD.
3.
F-HEAD.
4.
T-HEAD.
L-HEAD
I-HEAD
F-HEAD
The intake valves are normally in the head,
while the exhaust valves are located in the
engine block
T-HEAD
TIMING
Piston -3
Piston rings -4
Compresssi)1(
on ring (plain
section)
Compresssi)2(
on ring(taper
faced)
Oil) 3(
control ring
steel rail
Connecting rod-4
PISTON PIN-5
-Spark plug 6
-Crankshaft 7
Camshaft bearings .
Team work