BASICS OF ELECTRONICS

We will be discussing..

Resistor
Capacitor
Diode
Transister

RESISTORS
Resistors are used to limit current or
divide voltage and in some cases,
generate heat.
Used for driving circuit which requires low
current and voltage than available.
A two terminal non-polarised component.

Contd

Unit of resistance is ohm.

Notation for resistance
O- for ohm
K- for kilo ohm
M- for mega ohm

Physical appearance

Color code table

Practical Use.
To reduce the current flowing in circuit,
use resistance in parallel.

 To reduce the voltage for any circuit, use

resistance in series.

CAPACITORS
A two terminal electronic component which
stores energy in form of charge.
capacitance is a measure of a capacitor's
ability to store charge.
A large capacitance means that more
charge can be stored.
Capacitance is measured in Farads(F) but
prefixes like F and pF for smaller values.

Types of capacitors
Polarized
which have specified positive and
negative terminals.
Non-polarized
no defined polarity for terminals.

Practical use
Used for making timer circuits, when used
with resistance.
Used in clipper, clamper circuit.
Used for providing instantaneous large
power as in flashlight of cameras.
Used in DC filter circuits.

DIODES
A two-terminal electronic component that
conducts electric current in only one
direction.

The direction of arrow shows the only

possible direction of current.

Types of diodes
LED i.e Light Emitting Diodes
These diodes emit light when provided
with power supply.

 Photodiode
These diode generates currents when
exposed to light.

Practical use

Used for making gates

Used for making rectifiers
Used as a switch
LED as indicators
Photodiodes as light detector

TRANSISTOR
A transistor is a semiconductor device
commonly used to amplify or switch
electronic signals.
Device with three terminals where one
terminal can be use to control the flow of
current through the other two terminals.

Contd.
The three terminals are Emitter, Base and
Collector

 Transistor are of two types:

1-> n-p-n
A straight switch
2-> p-n-p
A inverted switch

n-p-n as straight switch

When base of n-p-n is connected with
logic high voltage then it short circuit
emitter and collector (SWITCH ON).
When base of n-p-n is connected with
logic low voltage then it open circuit both
emitter and collector (SWITCH OFF).

p-n-p as inverted switch

When base of p-n-p is connected with
logic high voltage then it open circuit
emitter and collector (SWITCH OFF).
When base of p-n-p is connected with
logic low voltage then it short circuit both
emitter and collector (SWITCH ON).

Practically used
As a switch
As an amplifier
For realizing logic gates

Thank You