Tip English

I)

VERB RULES, STRUCTURES AND EXPRESSIONS

a)

Verb usage

i)

Simple Present

ii)

Rule
When it is true all the time
use
When it is permanent
When it is routine

Example
The Sun rises in the East

Explanation
It is true always

I live in London
I go by bus to work

"live" is true all the time

everyday you go to work by
bus

When it is of geographical
location
When it is emotions, senses

Delhi lies on the

Yamuna
It tastes good
I love this movie

River
It is tasting good-is wrong
I am loving this movie-is
wrong

Present continuous
Rule
When the action is Temporary

Example
I am going by bus

Explanation
only till my car gets

fixed
When it is for changes or current trends
iii)

Simple Past
When it was long term in the past

I lived in the countryside when I was a child this is a long-term situation in the past.

If you are explaining something that is always continuing or true even it was told in the
past
use simple present to that part.
Example

iii)

The professor told us that Jupiter was the largest

planetincorrect
The professor told us that Jupiter is the largest
planet-correct

Past Continuous -ing form

Rule
When it was Temporary
continuing
When past simple
continuous
Are combined
To give description

&

To make polite requests

iv)

or

past

Example
When I was living in London,I often went to the
theatre
When I lived
in London,I worked with them
When he got home, the children were playing in
the garden

Explanation
Temporary
Longtime

The girl was wearing a yellow dress

She was eating ice-cream and was watching
television
I was wondering if you had time to see me
I was hoping we could discuss a pay rise

Present Perfect or Simple Past

Depends on whether the event is still connected with the past, or it is completed.
When you use past, you mean the event as finished in the past, mostly used along with time
eg., in 1997, this morning, last night, etc.,
With Present Perfect, you mean the event started in past, but still connected with present
eg., I have lived here for 2 years. (you started living before 2 years and still continue

living there)
Announcing news:
Experience:

I have passed the exam

I have been to Singapore
Have you ever been to Singapore?
Recent past:
I have just finished the report
I have not finished yet.
We often use, yet, still, just, recently with this type of sentences
If you are reporting something told by somebody in past tense.

Author/Date: mrktheni/07/13/02

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Tip English
Jack said, "My wife went with me yesterday"
!
Jack said his wife had gone with him the
week before.
Dave asked, "Where did you go last weekend?"
!
Dave asked me where I had gone the
previous weekend
He said, "I have visted London twice."
!
He said he had visited London twice.
He said, "I had already eaten."
!
He said he had already eaten.
He said, "I must give Ken a call."
!
He said he had to give Ken a call.
Jack said, "He must be guilty!"
!
Jack said he must have been guilty.
vi)
Present Perfect Continuous :
Similar to Present Continuous;
Temporary situations,
Unfinished situations,
Repeated & continuous actions
viii)

Future
For predictions
- will, going to
eg., I think the Labour party will lose the next election
I think the Labour party are going to lose the next election.
If the prediction is based on current event use going to
eg., I think you are going to hit a car, if you drive like this.
For plans and arrangements
- going to with the verb
eg., I am going to take my exams next month.
He is visiting a client on Thursday

(or)

present continuous

Unplanned future
- If the decision is based on current speaking
eg., The phone is ringing, I will answer it
Schedules
- Present Simple tense
eg., The plane leaves at 7.00 'o clock
eg., I leave to India next week.
This time in future
- use will be doing
eg., Next week this time, I will be in London
finished events in future
- will have done
eg., Tomorrow evening I will have done with this document
viii)

Connecting different times

Past perfect Use to express an activity that happened before another past activity
past perfect
past tense
eg.,
The movie
had begun
when we
arrived
I
had already
left
when he called
He
had studied
law before he
met her
he studied law before he met her, but we don't know when.

b)

Present Perfect
eg.,

present perfect
I
have lived
here for two years
I started to live here two years ago and I still live here.

Future perfect

eg.,

Verbs that will take

Agree
Appear
Arrange

Ask
Claim
Consent

decide
demand

will have finished

the report before next week
some time before next week, but I don't know when.

infinitive form(to ) in complement

expect
fail
forget

learn
hesitat
e
hope
intend

manage
mean

need
offer
plan

prepare
pretend
promise

refuse
seem
tend

threate
n
wait
want

deserv
e
Example :

Subject

Author/Date: mrktheni/07/13/02

Verb

Complement

Object

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Tip English
I
I
He

c)

agree
decided
was expected

to what
to go
to be here

you say
tomorrow
yesterday

Verbs that will take --ing form in complement

Admit

deny

finish

miss

Recall

suggest

tolerate

Complet
e
keep
Appreciat
e
Avoid

Example

d)

:He
He
He

e)

discus
s
enjoy

Risk
postpon
e
quit

mention

Subject
admits
considered
enjoys

Stop

understand
recommen
d
regret

Verb

forbid can take -ing or

infinitive

Complement
steeling
not going
drinking

Object
the car
coffee.

Verb phrases that will take --ing form in complement

Approve of
forget
about

Conside
r
Delay

Be better
off
Get through

can't
help
count on

think of

Insist on

think
about

Look forward
to

object
to

keep
on

do not
mind

Advise :

had better

Had better is an idiomatic phrase meaning ought to, must.

Correct forms

You
had better
take
You
had better not take
this semester

Chemistry 600 this semester

less than 600 in Chemistry

Though had is a past form, it refers to future time in this pattern.

Incorrect forms

You had better to take Chemistry 600 this semester

You had better not took less than 600 in Chemistry this
semester
You had better not taken less than 600 in Chemistry this
semester
You had better do not take less than 600 in Chemistry this
semester

avoid using, infinitive, or a past form of verb instead of verb.

avoid using, don't instead of not

f)

Invitation and Customs :

For invitation use WOULD, + infintive

For customs use Do

g)

Preferences:

Author/Date: mrktheni/07/13/02

would and Do

Would you like to watch television now?

Do you watch television at home every day?

would rather

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Tip English
1st form:
I
2nd form:
I

3rd

form

:
I

h)

would
would
avoid
avoid

instead of verb drive.

rather +
that
+
past
rather that
you
drove
using present verb instead of past.
using should and a verb word

would rather +
that +
did not +
verb
would rather that
you
did not
drive.
avoid using don't or does not instead of did not.

Unfulfilled desires of the past:

1st Form

2nd form

3rd form

i)

would rather
+
verb
would rather
drive.
avoid using an infintive or an -ing

We

had hoped
had hoped

We

had hoped

had hoped
+ that
that

+ subject
+ would + verb
she
would
change
avoid omitting would
her changing her mind

incorrect

Subject
WISH
THAT
Subject
had/could have/would have participle
I
wish
that
you
had
called yesterday
I
wish
that
you
could have
called
yesterday
I
wish
that
you
would have
called
yesterday
Though WISH is present, this pattern refers to desires in the past
WISH custom/future
Subject
WISH
I
wish
I
wish
I
wish

Contrary to fact statements

THAT
that
that
that

Subject
past verb/could + verb/would verb
you
called
every day
you
could call
tomorrow
you
would call
tomorrow
avoid using will instead of would

& Wishes

Wish & were

1st form:

Present wishes are expressed in the past tense

WISH that
perfect
Ralph
wishes that he
had
$1000 (but he does not)
I
wish that I
joined
(but I did not)

2ndt form:

Use were in present wishes

Subject
WISH
I
wish
that
I
wish
that
He has often wished that

3rd form

her mind

for to be.
that
Subject
were
the party
was
on Friday
incorrect
the party
were
on Friday
correct
avoid changing were to agree with the subject
he
were
older

:
Past wishes are expressed in the past perfect
Subject
WISH
that
Subject
past perfect
Sita
wishes
that
she
had studied more English before arriving

in the US.
Kathy and Bob wish
If Subject
were
If the party were

j)

that

they

Author/Date: mrktheni/07/13/02

married before she went to Europe.

on Friday, we could go
avoid changing were to agree with the subject

Past custom:

I used to live in this town

had gotten

used to/am used to

- correct

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Tip English
I + BE + VERB + -ing
I am used to live in this town
correct
k)

I am used to living in this town

Verb subject pattern

negative
Never

l)

- incorrect !

auxiliary
have

Subject
Verb
I
seen
so much snow
avoid using I before auxiliary

Conditions:

1ST form:

if

If
If

+ present form
you heat ice

+ present form
, it melts
- here heat and melts are present tense

In this type of sentence WHEN can replace if

2nd form:

If
If

+ present form
it rains,

+ will, can or may

it will be slippery.

3rd form:

If
If

+ past form
I got a pay rise,

+ would, could, or might

I would buy a new car.

4th form:

If
If

+ past perfect
+ would/might/could have + participle
I had revised,
I
would have passed my exams
first part - did not happen

m)

Impersonal expressions:

1st form:

2nd form:

It is
It is

adjective
infinitive
important
to verif
essential/imperative/necessary

It is
It is

adjective
important

n) Subjunctives Verbs:
1st form:

it is

Subject
I

that
that

the data

Subject
verb word
the data
be
verified
avoid using a present verb of a verb word

ask/advise/demand/prefer/recommend/require/suggest/insist/urge
be necessary/be required/ be essential/be important
Verb
prefer

that

that
I

Subject
verb word
speak
to him pesonally.
avoid using past or present form of verb

word
The doctor
recommended that
I
suggested
that
She
asked that
that
The doctor
advised
The restaurant
suggested

she
have
surgery
he
be
ready on time
all employees attend
the meeting
that
I
go
on a diet
that
We
arrive
on time for our

It

is important that

money

noun
The

that
recommendation
requirement
suggestion

Subject
that
we

reservation
nd

o)

form:

Affirmative agreement

1st form:

Subject

Author/Date: mrktheni/07/13/02

be

collected for the event.

verb word
be
evaluated was approved.
avoid using a present or past verb

and/so

BE/VERB

AND

SO

BE/DO

SUBJECT

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Tip English
They
My wife
2nd form:

p)

Subject
They
My wife

were

were

surprised,
and
so
talked to them,
and
avoid also

were
so

BE/VERB
,
surprised,
and
talked to them,

AND
Subject
BE/DO
were
so
I
did
so
avoid be instead of do

we
and

we
did

Causatives

1st form:

2nd form:
3rd form:

I
SO

get/let/help/make/had

Subject
My English teacher

had

Subject
My English teacher

made

Subject
I want

HAVE
to have

Please

LET
Let

4th form:

Verb
GET
LET
HELP
Make/made
Have/had

HAVE
us
MAKE

Followed by

someone
verb word
give
oral reports
avoid infintive or -ing

someone
verb word
take
his assignment.
avoid infinitive or -ing
something
participle
this book
renewed,
please
avoid infinitive or ing
us

someone
me

Verb
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y

-ing
N
N
Y
N
N

verb word
explore this
avoid infinitive or -ing

to + verb
N
N
Y
N
N

Participle
Y
N
N
N
Y

q) Negative agreement
1st form:

Subject
My roommate

2nd form:

Subject

My roommate
Please
don't tell anyone.
Would you please not
tell
of not

r)

Adjectives & Adverbs

have/
do/be
will not
won't

participle/
-ing form

and neither

go,

and neither
avoid I will

have/
do/be
will not
won't

participle/
-ing form

anyone,

go,

have/ Subject
do/be
will
will
I

and Subject have/

either
do/be
will not
and I
will not either

avoid using infinitive

avoid using infinitive; avoid using don't instead

Remember(f,l,s,s,t)

Other than the below 5 senses, when something modifies a verb use adverb else use adjective
I
I

run
am

well.
good.

here run is verb well is adverb

here am is not verb so use good.

Senses like feel; look, seem, smell, taste

eg.,

feel

Author/Date: mrktheni/07/13/02

badly

take Adjective not Adverb

is wrong

ly adverb

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Tip English
I

feel

bad

If it is health related good with feel is ok.

s)

Logical Conclusions:

a)
b)
c)

Must be + -ing
Events that repeat
Events in the past

must

! Must + verb (no -ing)

! must have + participle

t) Pronouns
Possessive
pronouns

Subject pronouns

Object pronouns

My
-our
Your
-your
her, his, its their

I
- we
you
- you
she, he, it - they

me
- us
you
- you
her, him, it - them

This/It is he
avoid using object
pronoun after the verb
BE

Preposition with object pronoun

Relative
pronoun

among, of, between, to , for,

with, from
Avoid using subject pronoun
after preposition

u)

Usage of article

The

THE will not come before

Gods names, Sports names, Subject Names, Holiday names,
Peoples names, Titles, Planet Names, Countries with one word Names
Names of small bodies water like Lake and Pond, single mountain names,
the following words(Abstract noun)
Patience, Knowledge, self-confidence, Humility
Cardinal Numbers like One, Two, Three
Specific names of institutions

Smith college

THE will come before

ONE and ONLY in the world like
The world, The sun, The moon, The
Himalayas,
The Bible, The Gita
Names of large bodies of water
Names of Mountain ranges

The Indian Ocean, The Pacific

The Himalayas

Ordinal Numbers

like the first, the second, the third

Plural family names

like, The Smiths

Plural Nationality

like The Chinese, The French,

Famous Documents or books

The Constitution

Government/Political units

The University of Nebraska

Superlatives

The best, The quickest

Author/Date: mrktheni/07/13/02

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Tip English

v)

Comparatives

"

Dont compare Apples and oranges. Compare a person to person; persons talent with another
persons talent; a group with a group; a place to a place; one quality to another quality.

"

When comparing 2 things/persons use Comparative degree, instead of Superlative degree.

eg., Ramu is the most intelligent than Ravi.
incorrect
Ramu is more intelligent than Ravi
- correct

1st form:
Verb
the same as
I believe that this coat
is
the same as
avoid using to, that, or like instead of as
2nd form:
Fresh fruit costs
We have
3rd form:
Football in the US

that one

multiple nos as much/many as

twice
as much as
canned fruit
half
as many as
we need
avoid using more instead of as much as
different
different

from
that
from
that
of other countries
avoid using than instead of from

4rd form:

distingush
Distinguish

between
X
and
Y
between
rice
and
wheat
avoid using from instead of and

5th form:

Compare A to B
Compare A with B

6th form:
Note:

is

not

for similarities
for differences

but rather

little, less, the least

Author/Date: mrktheni/07/13/02

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Tip English

w) Count and Non count Nouns

i)

Singular countable nouns WILL HAVE DETERMINERS (a, an, the, some, Murali's, 1, 2, 3) before it
Plural countable nouns are usually NOT preceded by DETERMINERS in general statements like
!
Musicians must practice a great deal
!
Newspapers contain a lot of information
Plural countable nouns are followed by The, when referring
!
to something that has been referred before
!
to something that is very obvious
like; The stars are shining brightly
The children are put to bed.
!
before nationality(that ends with ch, sh, z); The French
!
refer a group of people as a class. The blind; The rich
!
Plural names and plural place names
The Smiths are living in this house.
I know the Harrsions for years
The United States, The British Isles, The Himalayas

ii)

Non countable noun will not have determiners in general Statements like
!
Butter is flattening
!
Courage and honesty are admirable qualities
Non countable nouns are followed by The, when referring
!

to something that has been referred before

eg., We were served bread and cheese. The bread was
tasty.
!
to something that is very obvious
like; The weather , which means the local weather
The butter is hard, which means the butter inside
referigerator
The music means, the music that is playing
!
The + non count noun + of (qualifying phrase)
!
The + non count nound + which
vi)

ALL
ALL

+
+

non count noun

ART
+
is

is followed by
+
good

vii)

SOME OF THE
SOME OF THE

+
+

count noun
non count noun

is followed by singular/plural verb accordingly

is followed by singular verb

viii)

Much will be used for non countable nouns

viii)

See this link

and also

Author/Date: mrktheni/07/13/02

singular verb

and it is singular

http://www.fortunecity.com/bally/durrus/153/gramch15.html
http://webster.commnet.edu/grammar/determiners/determiners_printout.htm

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Tip English

II

TO REMEMBER

English Prepositions

i)

IN

spaces

bodies of water

in a room / in a building / in a garden / in a park

:

lines

Time/Season

in the water /

in the sea / in a river

in a row / in a line / in a queue

in a century
There have been many inventions in the twentieth century
in a year
She left school in 1987
in a month
He's leaving in January
in a season
We usually go on holiday in summer
in a part of the day
I'm leaving in the morning, not in the evening,
BUT at night

in the twenties
future period
Country / state / city

in a few weeks/

in a couple of days

in India, in TN, in Madras

during or in is used to say when something happens

Muslims fast during / in Ramadan
It rained during / in the night
for is used to say how long something takes
She played tennis for an hour
mood

in doubt; in a hurry; in secret; in anger

member of

in that club; in the orchestra; in the navey; in that class

on the ceiling / on the wall / on the floor / on the table

ii)

ON

surfaces:
small islands:

I stayed on Maui.

directions:

on the left /on the right / straight on

time

on a day
on a date
on a street

The appointment is on Monday.

I'm leaving on 12 December.

specific calendar days

on Christmas day/ on October 22nd

on the weekend

iii)

(American)

AT

Author/Date: mrktheni/07/13/02

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Tip English
specific places
work/ at home
exact addresses

at the bus-stop /at the door /at the cinema /at the end of the street /at
at 3711 Faulkner dr

places on a page

at the top of the page /at the bottom of the page

groups of people

at the back of the class /at the front of the class

for Christmas/Easter

Christians celebrate at Christmas and at Easter.

Time

at the weekend
at night
at a time

phone no

at 555-7234

condition

at piece, at war; at rest

activity

at play; at work

toward

look at someone; wave at some one

ii)

I play tennis at the weekend.

(British)
I go to sleep at night.
The appointment is at four o'clock in the afternoon."

Place

Above (higher than)

Under or underneath
Beneath
Below (lower than)

Look at the clock above the mantelpiece

he keys are under the mat.
old fashioned word to mean under)
he chart below shows the annual figures.
It was below freezing last night.
Next to
A is next to B in the alphabet.
between
B is between A and C in the alphabet.
opposite
The bank is opposite the supermarket. If you walk outside the bank,
you can see the supermarket in front of you, on the other side of the road.
across
Walk across the road, to the other side.
round / around
It's round the corner - you can't see it from here.
Note :

We say 'in the corner of a room',

but
'at the corner (or 'on the corner') of a street'
We say 'in the front / in the back' of a car
but
We say 'at the front / at the back' of buildings / groups of
people
but

We say 'on the front / on the back' of a piece of paper

Donts
Dont use ON before exact address; like ON 511 SURFSIDE DR, #121
instead
Dont use AT before addresses that dont have numbers
instead
iv)

- Use at
- Use ON

Transport

on a train, a bus, a plane, a bicycle

get on / off a train / a bus / a plane / a bike
in a car
get in / out of a car
go by car / train / plane / bus
go on foot

Very useful site: http://www.fortunecity.com/bally/durrus/153/gramch26.html

Author/Date: mrktheni/07/13/02

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Tip English

II)

Sentence Rules

Rule 1

words like can, could, may, might, will, would

are not followed by to

I will go to shopping

Rule 2

Rule 3

!
- incorrect

they are followed by

!
I will go shopping

:
There are lot of people
- incorrect
There are a lots of people - incorrect

a lot of / lots of
!
There are a lot of people - correct
There are lots of people
- correct

:
convince

persuade

Rule 4

is followed by

that

Convince and persuade

is followed by
to

:
prevented him from going
prevented his going

Rule 5
forbid

Rule 6

Rule 9

prohibit &
from

she

will

doing

:
That

Rule 8

- correct
- correct

:
prohibited

Rule 7

- ing form
- correct

win

to

THAT + .+ present
is
almost certain

:
Between - between two
:
Despite
In spite of
Although

forbidden

between/among
!

Among

- three or more

Despite/In spite of/Although

is followed by noun/pronoun/gerund. Despite is not followed by of
is followed by noun/pronoun/gerund.
is followed by verb.

:
If something has a place in history, it is historic
If something has to do with the subject of history it is historical

historic & historical

Rule 10
:
ought/ought to

ought
ought to
Rule 11
another

Author/Date: mrktheni/07/13/02

negative
positive
each other/one

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Tip English
Use each other
Use one another

when two people or things are involved

when more than two people or things are involved.

each another and one other are bad and incorrect forms of this phrase
Rule 12
:
blame
blame in verb form (like blamed) should be followed by for not
If you use blame as noun
Rule 13

is ok

Ramu has proposed both to Sita and Ramya

Ramu has proposed both to Sita and to Ramya

Rule 14
to/had to

- incorrect
- correct

had to is

Rule 15

ON
ON

have

past form

of

have to / must

He

tell
tells

He

say
says

tell & say

Complement
us

how to do it
that how to do it

Rule 16
:
few/little/many/much
few and many will come before count nouns
programs, seats)
little and much will come before non-count nouns
homework, news)

(books, friends, classes, dollars,

(advice, information, hair, money,

Only a few dollars

- correct
incorrect
Avoid using few instead of a few

Only

Only a little homework

- correct
incorrect
Avoid using little instead of a little

Only little home work

When the question is

When the question is How many ? use few

Rule 17
Any

few dollars

How much ? use little

Some and

Any is used in questions for both count and uncountable

Any is used in negative sentences

- Do you have any milk in the refrigerator?

- He does not have any friends.

Some is used in answers

Some is used in positive sentences

- Yes there is some milk left.

- He has some friends.

Some is used in offering/request kind of questions

coffee?

- Would you like to have some

Rule 18
Raise
a)
b)

Rise can not take an object

Raise must have an object
Complement/Object
He
rises
The
raised
the water level

Author/Date: mrktheni/07/13/02

Rise &
rise
raise

rose
raised

risen
raised

when the sun is up

Page 13/36

Tip English
Rule 19
& lay
a)
b)

lie

lie wont take an object

lay must have an object

Rule 20

lie

lay
lay

lain
laid

laid

to/for
a)
b)

for
to

+
+

He moved
He moved
or
He moved

Rule 21

noun
verb
to Newyork
to Newyork

for getting a better job

for a better job

- incorrect
- correct

to Newyork

to get a better job

- correct

singular/plural
Following are singular
anyone
no one

anything
nothing

each

either
what

everyone
everything
whatever
whoever

neither
her

his

its
Collective nouns are singular like;
audience
staff
police
prose

class
band

majority
family

series
grouop

faculty
chorus

public

committee
orchestra
variety

For these words use its. Dont use theirs

Phrases separated by and are plural, phrases separated by or are singular
NONE can be singular or plural
eg., If it means, none of it
eg., If it means, none of them

- singular
- plural

One of the
If that or who follows this, it is plural
eg., One of Authors says it is best
eg., He is one of the authors who say it is best

- singular
- plural

Neither/Either are singular when they appear with out their kick backs (nor, or)
eg., Either of the students is good
eg., Neither of the students passed
When Neither/Either is used with correlative conjunctions (NOR, OR), the subject that is closer
to the verb determines the number(singular are plural)
eg., Either the students or the teacher is telling the truth.
eg., Either the teacher or the students are telling the truth.
eg., Has either the president or his aides in touch with you
Have either the aides or the president in touch with you
Singular subjects separated by comma are singular like accompanied by, in addition to
eg., Ram, accompanied by his student, was at the conference.
eg., Ram, as well as Kumar
, is good boy
A pair of is singular
Jeans are fashionable
A pair of jeans is expensive.
ii)

These words are plural

Author/Date: mrktheni/07/13/02

- plural
- singular

few, people, the rest, the staff, cattle

Page 14/36

Tip English
Rule 22
than/instead of

rather

These two are not replaceable with each other.

Rather than is followed by base form the verb. It is not followed by infinitive or gerund
e.g., I decided to skip lunch rather than eat in the cafeteria again
- correct
I decided to skip lunch rather than to eat in the cafeteria again - incorrect
I decided to skip lunch rather than eating in the cafeteria again - incorrect

If you need to use ing use Instead of. If the purpose is to select between two things
use instead of.
Sooner than is equivalent of rather than
Rule 23
which/that

"

That is used with out comma. Which is preceded by comma.

"

Which is removed wont alter the sentence much.

That is essential in the sentence.

E.g., The clause which is hard to follow does not indicate which text is being
complained about.
Removing which will still convey the meaning that the phrase the textbook
refers to the text in Chemistry 101.
"

That is used when it identifies a person or thing it refers about, like,

The house that Ram built has been torn down
that identifies the

"

Which is used when something is already identified and it gives some additional information
on it

house.

The students in Chemistry 101 have been complaining about the textbook, which is
hard to follow.
"

If the essential clause starts with that, those, this, these, use which to connect
Those ideas, which were discussed on Tuesday, will be put in the minutes-of-meeting.
Rule 25
:
meet/see
Meet is used when it is FIRST time
See is used from there onwards
Rule 24
hyphenate

Numbers from twenty-one to ninety-nine are hyphenated

Compound color adjectives are hyphentated a red-gold sunset, a cherry-red sweater

When the element following a prefix is capitalized (anti-American) or when the element
preceding a suffix is a proper noun( America-like)
Rule 25
:
He has good command over people who work under him
He has good command over English language
He has good command of English language
Rule 25
Idioms
Avoid these errors
Accede on, by

command over/command of
- correct
- incorrect
- correct

Prefer these idioms

Accede to

Author/Date: mrktheni/07/13/02

Avoid these errors

Hope something

Prefer these idioms

Hope for something
Hope to do
something

Page 15/36

Tip English
According
After now on
Anxious of
Approve for
Ashamed with
At the near future
Bored of
Capable to
Compete together
Composed from
Concerned of
Conform with

According to
From now on
Anxious about
Approve of
Ashamed of
In the near future
Bored with
Capable of
Compete with
Composed of
Concerned with
Conform to

Identical to
In Contrast of
In opinion
In the habit to
Incapable to
Independent from
Inferior with
Knowledge on
Near to
On conflict
Opposite over
Prohibits sb to do

Congratulate for
Conscious for
Considered to be
Discourage sb to do

Congratulate on
Conscious of
Considered
Discourage sb from
doing
Effects on
Equal to
Since
Except for
Exchange for
Frown on
Glance at/through

Related with
Respect of
Similar as
So that to

Identical with
In Contrast with
Of the opinion
In the habit of
Incapable of
Independent of
Inferior to
Knowledge of
Near ; next to
In conflict
Opposite
Prohibits sb from
doing
Related to
Respect for
Similar to
So as to

Substitute to
Such like
Surprised at
up until
With regard of

Substitute for
Such as
Surprised by
Until
With regard to

Effects in
Equal as
Ever since
Excepting for
Exchange with
Frown to
Glance

Rule 26
with Verbs

Preposition

Verb
Accuse sb of
sth
Agree with
sb/sth
Agree to do
sth
Agree on sth

Example
He accused her of stealing

Verb
Listen to sb

I agree with you.

She agreed to wait for him
We have agreed on all the major
points.

Look at sth
Look for sth/sb

Apply for

I'm going to apply for a new

job.
She apologized for being late.

Pay sb for sth

Prefer sth to sth

Example
The students listened to their
teacher
Look at that view - it's
wonderful
I cant find my book will you
look for it?
I need to take a day off to look
after my mother?
Can you pay me for the shopping
later?
I prefer coffee to tea

Protect sb from
sth

A scarf will protect you from

the cold

Believe in

She asked him to do the

shopping for her
She asked her boss for a day
off
I believe in hard work

Belong to

This pen belongs to me

Provide sb with
sth
Regard sb as

Blame sb for
doing sth
Blame sth on
sb

He blamed her for driving too

fast
He blamed the accident on her

Rely on sb/sth

The state provides low-income

families with affordable housing
She regarded her sister as her
best friend
Can I rely on you to get the
shopping?
The police searched the building
for bombs

Borrow sth
from sb

He borrowed some money from the

bank

Spend money/time
on

I spent all my money on books as

a student

Care about sth

I don't care about the money it's the principle that matters
She really cares for her

Think about
sb/sth

I think about you all the time

They thought about the problem
and found a solution

Apologize for
sth
Ask sb to do
sth
Ask sb for sth

Care for sb

Author/Date: mrktheni/07/13/02

Look after sb

Search sb/sth for

Page 16/36

Tip English
Take care of
sb/sth

grandmother.
Please take care of yourself on
holiday

Complain to sb
about sth
Concentrate on
sth
Congratulate
sb on doing
sth
Consist of sth
explain sth to
sb

Rule 27
forms

Think about/of
doing sth

I'm thinking about / of buying a

new car

He complained to the manager

about the bad customer service
The student concentrated on her
homework

Think of sth

I've just thought of a new idea.

Translate from
sth into sth else

Her father congratulated her on

passing her exam

Wait for sb

Don't translate from English

into your own language all the
time
I waited an hour for him, then
went home

The department consists of five

people
The manager explained the new
system to the staff

Warn sb about

Incorrect
A good person does not boast for his victory
A group of people were standing on the road
A pen is mightier than a sword
A rolling stone gather no mass
All of my brothers live in India
Almighty is merciful
Antony declared his love for Cleopatra
Anxious
to go
Anyways, Basicaly
As far as
As of yet
As soon as I will find an apartment
Charles was crowned as King of France
Citizens obey to the law
Cows feed with grass
Dont get panic
Each and everyone
Early rising is good for health
Everyone should show their tickets
Five Kilometers are a great distance to walk
From tomorrow onwards, we shall do homework
Give attention to your work
good in heart

Author/Date: mrktheni/07/13/02

Depend on sb

The doctor warned her about the

dangers of smoking
She depended on her friends.

Incorrects forms and correct

Correct
A good person does not boast of his
victory
A group of people was standing on the road
The pen is mightier than a sword
A rolling stone gather no moss
All My brothers live in India
The Almighty is mercifl
Antony declared his love to Cleopatra
Anxious about going
Anyway, Basically
As far as is concerned
As yet
As soon as I find an apartment
Charles was crowned King of France
Citizens obey the law
Cows feed on grass
Dont panic
Everyone
Early rising is good to health
Everyone should show his tickets
Five kilometers is a great distance to
walk
From tomorrow, we shall do homework
Pay attention to your work
Good at heart

Page 17/36

Tip English
He acted with my suggestion
He arrived early so that to get a seat
He called in me yesterday
He has been appointed as a peon
He is a coward boy
He is authority for Indian philosophy
He is elder to me
He is in night duty
He is relation to me
He is taller than me
He observed a fast
He wants to take photograph with me
He was operated for ulcers
His grand father is died
How long can you walk in 3 hours
How long was the statement true
I know to drive
I am disgusted of city life
I am pleased in accepting your offer
I am quickly cured from cold
I arrived Madras on July 27th
I believe in you
I bought this table in an auction
I congratulate for your achievement
I consider him as a fool
I got a prize in lottery
I have an urgent business
I have applied for the post of a typist
I have been awaithng for you
I have done many goods to the people
I have no issues
I have no liking to cards
I have no prejudice regardingyou
I have ordered for a Dosa
I have used all my leaves.
I heard this news from a friend
I hope you will succeed at your task
I invested on share marked
I left smoking
I must send reply for your letter
I prayed to God
I prefer a serous play than humorous one
I request you to kindly grant me leave for
I shall attend the function without failure
I want to drink a tender coconut
I was surprised by your behaviour
I will join with you
I will speak with my son about this.
I will think on the matter
I wish that my desire will fulfill
I work 5 hours in a day
I would appreciate if
I write with Indian ink
In the two subjects I am studying, I find
Economics the easiest
Is your going to Madras depend upon money
It is easy to find fault in others
It is of no use doing this
It is years since I seen him
Kindly bear on me for the delay
Leela promised to come on today
Let us go to office
Magics
Mary is the tallest of the two girls
Money should go to the needful
My brother has cut the finger

Author/Date: mrktheni/07/13/02

He acted upon my suggestion

He arrived early so as to get a seat
He called on me yesterday
He has been appointed a peon
He is a cowardly boy
He is authority on Indian philosophy
He is elder than me
He is on night duty
He is relation of me
He is taller than I
He fasted
He wants to photographed with me
He was operated upon ulcers
His grand father has died.
How far can you walk in 3 hours
How far was the statement true
I know driving
I am disgusted with city life
I am pleased to accept your offer
I am quickly cured of cold
I arrived Madras on July the twentyseventh
I believe you
I bought this table at an auction
I congratulate on your achievement
I consider him a fool
I got a prize in a lottery
I have some urgent business
I have applied for the post of typist
I have been awaiting you
I have done many good deeds to the people
I have no issue
I have no liking for cards
I have no prejudice against you
I have ordered a Dosa
I have used all my leave
I heard this news through a friend
I hope you will succeed in your task
I invested in share market
I gave up smoking
I must spend reply to your letter
I prayed to the God
I prefer a serious play to a humorous one
I request you kidly grant me leave for
I shall attend the function without fail
I want to drink some tender coconut
I was surprised at your behaviour
I will join you
I will speak to my son about this
I will think about the matter
I wish that my desire will be fulfilled
I work 5 hours a day
I would appreciate it if
I write in Indian ink
In the two subjects I am studying, I find
Economics the easier
Does your going to madras
It is easy to find fault with others
It is no use doing this
It is years since I saw him
Kindly bear with me for the delay
Leela promised to come today
Let us go to the office
magic
Mary is the taller of the two girls
Money should go to the needy
My brother has cut his car

Page 18/36

Tip English
My brother returned quick
My classmate accused me for cheating him.
My daughter is fond to play
My father gave me good advices
My father has been discussing about the matter
My father was angry against me
My friend is a man of helpful nature
My mother spoke loudly in the house
My teach gave me many good advices
Oil is good to burns
Our team won over the Kerala team
Our travel to Delhi was tedious
Out of seven questions, I attended two
Rahim is a cheater
Sceneries
Several of my clothing has been damaged
She is a virtuous woman
She is a voluminous writer
She is accomplished with music
She is afflicted by cancer
She is allergic for sweets
She pretends as a rich woman
She stick to nothing
She told him to leave at 10 pm
She was impressed by my speech
Sita married to my brother
Smoke spreaded
Staffs
The car was going with high speed
The cattle is grazing in the field
The charity begins at home
The cost of this pen is $1
The dog barked on the thief
The Earthquake caused many damages
The Everst is a tall peak
The factory bought some new machineries
The fruit tastes bitterly
The lawyer did not come yet
The man is a social animal
The man should love the nature
The nation admired at his courage
The news spreaded throught the world
The officer has sent words to me
The owood cutter felled the tree by a sharp axe
The patient was operated in for cancer
The police were searching the missing thief
The population of Banalore is more than Mysore
The price depends upon the quality
The reason why I hate him because he is a rogue
The river flows below the bridge
The scissor belong to me
The sun ripened the fruit
The tabels leg is broken
The tea is very strongly
The trouser is new
Ther is a large number of students here
Ther is no place in this compartment
There is no solution for this problem
There is no use to cry over spoilt milk
These candidates have appeared in the exam
These things are belong to me
They acclaimed him as king
This book is key for

Author/Date: mrktheni/07/13/02

My brother returned quickly

My classmate accused me of cheating him
My daughter is fond of playing
My father gave me good advice
My father has been discussing the matter
My father was angry with me
My friend is a man of helping nature
My mother spoke aloud in the house
My teacher gave me much good advice
Oil is good for burns
Our team defeated the Kerala team
Our journey to Delhi was tediou
Out of seven questions, I attempted two
Rahim is a cheat
Scenery
Some of my clothing has been damaged
She is a woman of virtues
She is a prolific writer
She is accomplished in music
She is afflicted with cancer
She is allergic to sweets
She pretends to be a rich woman
She stick at nothing
She told him that he should leave at 10pm
She was impressed with my speech
Sita married my brother
Smoke spread
Staff
The car was going at high speed
The cattle are grazing in the field
Charity begins at home
The price of this pen is $1
The dog barked at the thief
The earthquake caused much damage
The Eversest is a high peak
The factory bought some new machines
The fruit tastes bitter
The lawyer has not come yet
Man is a social animal
Man should love nature
The nation admired his courage
The news spread through out the wourld
The officer has sent word to me
The wood cutter flled the tree with a
sharp axe
The patient was operated on for cancer
The police were searching for the missing
thief
The population of Bangalaore is more than
of Mhsore
The price depends on the quality
The reason why I hate him is that he is a
rogue
The fiver flows under the brdige
The scissors belong to me
The sun has ripened the fruit
The leg of the table is broken
The tea is very strong
The trousers are new
The are a large number of studnts here
There is no room in this comparment
There is no solution to this problem
There is no use crying over spoilt milk
These candidated have appeared for the
exam
These things belong to me
They acclaimed him king
This book is key to

Page 19/36

Tip English
This is a convenient house to live
This is an extract taken from
This is one of best Hotel
This is the most ideal hotel
Three kilos of sugar cost 30 rs
Two and Two makes four
Two boys are absent in the class
We accompanied him till the station
We climbed the peak inch by inch
We listened his lecture
We made him as our captain
We repeat what he has taught to us
We should all aim for the first rank
We should not enroach the rights of other

This is a convenient house to live in

This is an extract from
This is one of the best hotels.
This is an ideal hotel
Three kilos of sugar costs 30 rs
Two and Two make four
Two boys are absent from the class
We accomponied him upto the station
We climbed the peak by inches
We listened to his lecture
We made him our captain
We repeat what he taught us
We should all aim at the first rank
We should not encroach upon the rights of
others
We will discuss politics to day
What are you heading to
What is he looking for?
Whom do you wish to speak to ?
Would you please not tell
Your must attend to your duties

We will discuss about politics to day

What are you heading for
What is he looking
Whom do you wish to speak?
Would you please don't tell
You must attend on your duties

Rule 28
meaning

phrases and

Phrases

Meaning

Phrases

Meaning

Phrases
Rack up
Raise up

Meaning
Score
Boost

Acting up

Fed up

Bored

Add up
Back up

Behave badly,
misbehavior
Count
Make stronger

Feel up
Followup

Check for weapons

Continuation (eg :follow-up to my previous
note)
Allow admit vittu
koduthal
Mature

Ring up
Roll up

Make a call
Accumulate

Bang-up

Superior

Give up

Round up

Send up
Shoot up

Join up

Strength
Cutting the telephone
conversation
Enroll recruit

Bring
together
Make a
mistake
Find guilty
Give a shot

Beat up

Abuse

Grown up

Beef up
Blow up

Strengthen
Explode

Hold up
Hang up

Break up

Dissect

Break it
up
Build up

Stop the fight

disperse
Establish

Keep up

Carry on

Show up

Knock
down
Knock up

Defeat destroy demolish

Soak up

Digest

Bugged up
Buck him
up
Button up
Calls up
Clear up

Irritated
Cheer him, give him
encouragement
Be quiet
Attracts
Acquire more light

Make pregnant

Speak up
Spit up

Vomit

Come up
Conjure up
Cook up
Cry up
Cut up
Chin up

Screw up

Shape up

Lick up
Lift up
Light up

Drink noisily

Imagine
Prepare; fabricate
Praise
Chop
Have courage

Line up
Look up
Made up
Make up
Mess up
Mix up

Assemble arrange
See, talk
Fabulous
Style
Disorder
Mistake

Clammed up

Became silent

Pick up

Used up

Cough it
up

Give it to us

Pull off

Work up

Author/Date: mrktheni/07/13/02

Stand up
Stick up
This is a
stick up
Stuck up
Sum up
Take up
Tear up
Turn up
Use it up

Follow the
rules

Endure
Look down at
Robbery
Proud
Calculate
Adopt
Cut to pieces
Occur
Consume all
of it
Used
completely
Produce

Page 20/36

Tip English
Crop up

Happen

Dig up
Do up
Dry up

Expose, not covered

Bend back
Quiet

Pull
over
Pull up
Push up
Put up

Stop
Accommodate

Eat up

Rule 29

Write up

Promote

Workout
Work out
Working
on
Whipped
up

Tryout
Resolve

Agitated

Tips

i)

for the reason,

on account of
Being that

should not be used

to mean because/since.
should not be used
to mean because/since
is incorrect
to mean because/since

ii)

Due to
Due to
Example
correct

should not be used to mean since/because

should go along with noun not verb
The concert was canceled due to the rain

- in

The cancellation of the concert was due to the rain

- correct

vi)
vii)
viii)

Since
Lighted and lit

can be used to mean because. Make sure the meaning is not confused.
can be used

Gerund (-ing)
e.g:-

if preceded by a noun or pronoun, that pronoun must be possessive form

I appreciate you coming to dinner
- in correct
I appreciate your coming to dinner
- correct

than, as

if followed by a pronoun, it must be subject form like I, she, he, they

ix)

onward, downward, forward, backward, upward, Toward

x)

all right
alright

xi)

therefore, however, thus, also, in addition, otherwise, instead, as a result , meanwhile, on the
other hand, consequently
will take semicolon before it and a comma after it, if they joine two
clauses
Example:
; therefore,

xii)

Even though
Even if

Author/Date: mrktheni/07/13/02

- are not suffixed with s

is correct form
is informal form dont use it in exams.

can not be used with unreal conditions like, Even though were
can be used

Page 21/36

Tip English
does not mean, it is hoped. So dont use that to mean it is hoped.
Use it is hoped instead.
Hopefully CAN NOT modify a sentence, it can modify only a word.

xiii) Hopefully

xiv)

Doubt whether

is non standard

xv)

Irregardless

is incorrect

xvi)

Speak to
Speak with

is to tell them
is to discuss something with them

xvii) Looked like

can not be used to mean appeared

xviii)It is difficult to say, but I would guess

I am not really sure, but I think
Above two should be considered as two phrases
xix)

Such as

xx)

WITH
Eg.,

xxi)

When you mean to refer "the bark of a tree" use "THE BARK"
"a bark " will mean "a bark of a dog"

IV
a)

means for example

should not be used to mean along with or by means of

With the intricacy of the Tale of Genji's depiction
- in correct
Given the intricacy of the depiction in the Tale of Genji are
- correct

MISCELLANEOUS
what they say and what they mean

What they say

He is set about
It did not add up
I am going great guns
He is green
Stick around
Every now and then

What they mean

Get started
Did not make sense
Progress is
excellent
He is jealous
Stay here or near
Occassionally

His number is up
He has butterflies in
his stomach
Much obliged
That is old hat
He is her old flame
He is on the beam
How did it wind up
This wraps it up
He is a cut up
We'll back him up

He will die
Anxious and fearful
(Troubled feeling)
Thank you
Out of date
Former lover
He is right
How did it end
This ends it
He is silly
Support him

It
He
He
He

Confused
Made serious errors
He is confident
He went bankrupt,
failed
Bad disagreement
Empty your glass
Total it
Fail, quit
Prepare yourself
Alert, be careful

is balled up
goofed up
is up beat
went belly up

They had a blow up

Bottoms up
Let us figure it up
It will fold up
Gear up
Heads up

Author/Date: mrktheni/07/13/02

What they say

It is a piece of cake
He had a brain storm
He is on a toot

What they mean

It is easy
A brilliant idea
He is drunk

What could top this

Don't smooth talk me
He is a snake in the
grass
It is a snap
His hands are full

Be better than this

Don't fool me
Treacherous person

Hang on
Hang around
That their hangout
Hang loose
Let us hang it up
Hang up
So long
I smell a rat
He is a real shoe
Shak a leg
Roll out
He is chasing rainbows

Wait
Stay here
Gathering place
Be patient
Quit
Delay
Farewell
Situation is
suspicious
He is a gentle man
Hurry
Start moving
Pursuing vague schemes

Stay put
We are in a pickle
Blue ribbon group
It is on the qt
I'll pop the question
Quick and dirty

Remain where you are

We are in trouble
Prestigious
It is secret
Propose marriage
Rushed , improvised

It is easy
He is busy

Page 22/36

Tip English
This is a hold up

Robbery

I pass

He is hopped up
He is laid up
Lighten up,
Live it up
Jack up
Mix up

Very excited
Ill
Relax
Enjoy yourself
Increase the prices
Mess, confuse

HE IS A YES MAN
Zilch
He zonked out
He is a live wire
We got whipped
Say when

Pipe up

Say what you have to

say
Stop, wait

He went bonkers

Pull up

OFF phrase
I am off
Back off
He is off base
He is off beat
He bit my head off
Bug off
Call it off
He will carry it off

Meaning
I am leaving
Move away
He is wrong
Unusual
Severly criticised
me
Go away
Cancel it
Succeed

I won't participate ,
NO
He always agrees
Notching
Went into deep sleep
A very active person
Defeated
Tell me when to stop
filling your glass
He went crazy

It is off the top of my

head
Up beat
He is two faced
Break it up
They had a blow up
They snuck up on us
Worm's eye view
Bird's eye view

I'm just guessing

It is a toss up
He on his toes
He is square

Enthusiastic
Disloyal
Dispense
Bad disagrremnt
Approached secretly
Low level perspective
High level perspective

Get move
Improper
Disappointement

We are on the spot

He is sppofing us
Let get spliced

Uncertain
Alert, active
Not current, very
formal
We are under trouble,
He is fooling us
Married

Became quiet
Eat , use it all

Somehow or another
So far so good
I am afraid so
Take the plunge

In some way
Right until now
That is the situation
Get started

We are on his tail

All of a sudden
He needs as square meal
He eats 3 squares a day

We are followign him

With out warning
Good meal
He eats well

Snap to
I put the monkey on his
back

Pay attention
I gave the
responsibility

It is a real Mccoy

It is genuine

Meat head

Fool

It is a lulu

Extraordinary

It will give it a go
He flunked

Try it
He failed

Have at it
By and large
It is jerry built

Try it, do it
Generally
Poorly constructed

Queerfish

Strange person

Stonge broke
Pull out all the stops

With out money

Make a full effort

Lay off
He is off his noodle
It is a pay off

Good for nothing

person
Stop work and have
fun
Congratulate you
Wait, keep your
distance
Start a journey
Delay their arrival
No longer
responsible
When is the start,
when is the
beginning
When did he die
Stop it, quit doing
it
Terminated
He is crazy
Payment fully

He is a funk
Take a hand
He is over his head

We'll pay them off

They pull it off

Bribe them
Succeed

Get back at him

Keep back

Male with fine figure

Join us
Beyond his capacities
or experiment
Have revenge
Stay where you are

Cast off
It was off color
It did not come off
as expected
Things dropped off
Finisht it off
kill it off
get off it
I work my butt of
finish him off
get off your butt
head them off
get off my back
he will get off
it will never get off
the ground
he is goof off
let us goof off
my hat is off to you
Hold off
set off
We'll hold tHem off
We're off the hook
When is the kick off
When did he kick off
Knock it off

Stop that nonsense,

don't act that way
I work hard
Kill him
Start moving
Intercept, divert
them
Stop bothering me
Charges will be
dropped, he will
escape punishment
It will never start

Author/Date: mrktheni/07/13/02

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Tip English
He was put off

Delayed

It is a rip off

Very bad bargain,

unethical profit
We will chase him
away
Seay farewell to him
He likes to disply
his abilities
End my session or
broadcast
Leave, go
Resist them

We will run him off

We'll see him off
He is a show off
I will sign off
Take off
They will stand them
off
I told him off
He will toss off his
illness
He is off the wagon
He is well off
He has got
He has gotten
Drop
It is a drop in the
bucket
I will drop by
He has the drop on us
He dropped the ball
Things dropped off
asas
as neat as a pin
as plain as the nose
on your face
as clear as mud
as tight as the bark
of the tree
as tough as nails
he is frosty

I gave him my views

in strong term
Recover quickly
He is drinking again
Wealthy
Has them possession
Acquired or obtained
them
Very small amount
Come to see you
He has the advantage
over us
He lost the
opportunity
Became quiet
very neat, clean and
orderly
quite obvious

He is in our back
pocket
He is a bean pole

We control him

Le me BE

Leave me as I am

It's off beat

He is a dead beat

Uncommon
Does not pay his bills

Stop beefing

Stop complaining

He is a bone head
He is a knuckle head

Ignorant, stupid
Stupid

He laid an egg

He failed

We have crossed the

brdige
The jury is still out
He is stewed
He was snockered
He has a snoot full

We have mdade the

decision
No decision yet
He is drunk
He is drunk
He is drunk

He is knocked
Stick to your guns

He is drunk
Maintain your position

Level with us
On the level

Tell the truth

Is that true

Died in harness

Died while working

Run that by me
turn my stomach
bakers dozen

repeat what you said

makes me sick
13 numbers

a) testing the waters;

knowing the opinion of

people before you go
and do it for real
working very hard

b) trial baloon
c) feelers
not clear ; not easy
to understand
very stingy

working yourself into a

lather
fuddy-duddy

strong and hardy

he is unfriendly

walking papers
high off the hog

rides the gravy train

Very tall fellow

individual with old

fashioned idesas and
attitude
laying off
individual who leads a
luxurious life

b)
Friendly HELLO
How have you
Hi partner
What is cooking
What is happening
What is up
How is it going
Look who is here
Long time no see
What gives
What is good word
Put her here
How is it tricks
UnFriendly
Goodbye
Drop dead
Hit the Road
Hit the trail
Get going

Expressions to say
Friendly GoodBye
I am checking out
Farewell
Must run
Have a good on
I am out of here
I am off
See you in the funny
papers
You all come back

Amazement&frustration
Ah come on
For the love of mike
Good heavens
Holy hell

Author/Date: mrktheni/07/13/02

YES
Your bet; You betcha,
Ill buy that
Check, I check on that
I concur
Darn; You got it
Granted
Roger
It works for me
Yup; yeah
You can say that against
well
Way to go; Why not
Unfriendly Hello

"GOD"
Great guns
In heavens
name
Holy cats
Holy moses
Holy smokes
How cow
Heavens above
So help me
In his name

Toilet
Head
Can
Commode
The
facilities
Jiffy
John
Outhouse
Powerroom
Water closet
Biffy

HELL

NO

Look what the cat

dragged in

Blast
Son of a gun
What the devil
Oh heck

Not in my
book
I pass
Drop dead

Page 24/36

Tip English
Get lost
Blow
Beat
On your horse
Shove off
Take a hike
Take a powder

Holy moses
Oh sucks
My foot
Merry me
What in the Sam hill
You are kidding
What on earth
Oh boy

To heck with
you
Tarnation
Ill swear

Get lost
Nope
No deal
Nix
Not on your
life
Nothing
doing
No way! No
Nuts
Thumbs down

Other language words used in English

British
Maize
Jam
Aeroplane
Aluminium
Maths

American
Corn
Jelly
Airplane
Aluminum
Math

British
Apart from
At school
Have got
Have not got
In hospital

Railway

Railroad

Windscreen
Sport
Fortnightly

Windshield
Sports
Couple
of
weeks
Vest
Pack of cards
a quarter of
5
a
quarter
past 5
A starter

In
street
Village
A bit
Nearly

Waistcoat
Packet
A quarter to
5
A qtr after
5
An appetizer

Spanish
stevedore
Dutch
Africa
German
Native American

the

American
Aside from
In school
Have
Do not have
In
the
hospital
On the street

British
Pitch
Very
Bath
Biscuit
Adrenalin

American
Field
Real
Tub
Cookie
Epinephrine

Bring up

Raise

Small town
A little
Almost

Drapes
Checkers
Bathrobe

Increase
pay
Vacation

Ought
Certainly
Match

Should
Sure
Game

Curtains
Draught
Dressing
gown
Dustbin
Lift
Pavement

Side

Team

Rise in pay
Holiday

waffle, cookie, sleigh, boss, sppok

zombie, okra
loafer, semester, hamburger
caucus

Groups and Collections

Groups

a
a
a
a
a

Collection

of
of
of
of

pride of lions
school of fishes/whales/dolphins
flock of sheep
pack of wolves
gaggle of geese
coins and medals
books
teddy bears
key rings

f)

Author/Date: mrktheni/07/13/02

in

Barbecue, plaza, stampede, enchilada, alligator, marijuana,

e)

She is

Trashcan
Elevator
Sidewalk

- numismatics
- bibliophily
- arctophily
- copoclephily

Characters of a person
arrogant
argumentative
assertive
bashful
big-headed,

- being confident about oneself

- shy
- thinking clever and important

Page 25/36

Tip English
conceited
bossy
canny
capricious
catty

- dotelling the people what to do always

clever and knowing how to do things
changing mind suddenly
saying nasty or spitful things about others

cheeky
- being rude
It was a bit cheeky of him to ask for money after he told me he earned a lot himself.
conscientious
- doing things with care and attention
coy about
- pretending to be shy
docile
dogmatic

- quiet and submissive

- never questioning and wanting to accept your

domineering

- trying to control other people

extroverted

- outgoing and lively

fickle
full of himself
fussy about

- changing your mind and unpredicatable

- being proud
- only liking certain things

grumpy

- in bad mood

picky about
quick-tempered

- only liking certain things or people

- getting angry quickly

scatter-brained

- someone who forgets things easily

ideas

g)

Crime and justice

acquit
hearsay
Old Bailey
plaintiff
diminished responsibility
unsafe conviction
the truth

h)
Color idioms
Feeling blue
out of the blue
to see red
a red letter
day
Paint the town
red
in the red
Green fingers
Green politics
in black &
white
Black spot
Black and blue
White Christmas
Whitewash
a Grey area

- not guilty
- hear from someone, but don't know whether it is true or not
- famous law courts in London where serious crimes are tried
- somone who takes a person to court and brings a legal action against them
- when someone cannot be held responsible because they are mentally ill
- found guilty because the evidence was wrong or the witness did not tell

Idioms
feeling unhappy
Completely unexpected
to become extremely angry:
When people are cruel to animals, it really makes me see red."
a day of great importance.
It's a red letter day tomorrow in the company. It's our fiftieth birthday!
to celebrate:
They went out last night and really painted the town red-they didn't come home
until 5 a.m.
Overdrawn:
It's the end of the month and we're in the red again. We have to control our
spending better
to be a good gardener
Environmental politics: "He's in green politics and often campaigns to fight
pollution.
to be extremely clear:
This contract is in black and white: we aren't allowed to keep any pets in this
house.
a dangerous spot: "This roundabout is a black spot for traffic accidents.
to be badly bruised: "When she fell off her bicycle, she was black and blue for
days.
when it snows at Christmas
to cover up the truth white wash.
something which is not definite or black and white:

Author/Date: mrktheni/07/13/02

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Tip English
Grey matter

brain

Animal idioms
Cat's whiskers

to think you are the best: "He thinks he's the cat's whiskers!"

Let the cat out

of the bag
to have kittens

tell a secret: "He shouldn't have told her about the party - he's let the cat out
of the bag now.
to panic: "The way he was driving, I was having kittens."

The bee's knees

think you're the best (like the cat's whiskers): "He behaves as if he's the bee's
knees."

From the
horse's mouth

to get information from the original source: "Who told you they were getting
married?" "I got it from the horse's mouth."

a memory like
an elephant
Pigs might fly!

to have an excellent memory

Have
butterflies in
your stomach
Till the cows
come home
Take the bull
by the horns
Get someone's
goat
a loan-shark

to be very nervous about something: "Don't worry about her - she's got butterflies
in her stomach - it's her driving test today."

Like a fish out

of water
With your tail
between your
legs
in the doghouse
The lion's
share
in the lion's
den

something is as unlikely as pigs being able to fly

to do something for ever: "I can tell him til the cows come home not to take a
short cut over the fence, but he never listens."
to face a problem and take action: "Well, I'm going to take the bull by the horns
and tell him that I've changed my mind."
to annoy someone: "It really gets my goat when she criticises him - it's not as if
she's perfect herself."
someone who lends money at high interest rates: "Don't borrow money from him he's a complete loan-shark."
to feel very uncomfortable in a particular situation: "He feels like a fish out of
water in a suit - he much prefers wearing jeans."
to feel guilty or ashamed: "He told us all that he was leaving, then he came back
ten minutes later with his tail between his legs."
When you know that someone is angry with you: "I'm in the dog-house, I'm afraid. I
forgot to do the shopping, and now we don't have any milk."
Most of something: "She did the lion's share of the housework."
in a dangerous place: "Having an interview with them was like going into the
lion's den. There were ten of them and they asked me some very difficult
questions."

Based on

Fascinated by

Range from X to Y

A debate over
A lot
A responsibility to

Both X and Y
Believe X to be Y
Centers on

Forbid X to do Y
contrast to
Independent from

Regards as
Regardless
Responsible for

A result of
A sequence of
Accede to

Concerned with
Conform to
Created with

Resulting in
Retroactive to
So(adjective) that

Advised of
Agree with
Agreement on

Defined as
Depends on whether
Depicted as

Indifferent toward
Modeled after
No more than/no less
than
More than ever
Neither nor
Not only..but also

As an instance of
As good as/or better
than
As great as

Different from/differ from

Distinguishes between X
and Y
Distinguish from

As much as
Attend to(some one)
Attribute X to Y/
X is attributed to Y

Doubt that
Either or
Enable to

GMAT idioms

Author/Date: mrktheni/07/13/02

Not so much .. as
Obsessed with
Obsessed by
Prohibits X from
doing Y
Potential to
So X as in Y

Subscribe to
Such ..as
The same to X as to
Y
To contrast X with Y
To mistake X for Y
To result in
To sacrifice X for Y
X as to be Y

Page 27/36

Tip English
j)
Word's
a priori
Abaft
Abase
Abash
Abatement
Abbess
Abdicate
Aberrant
Aberration
Abet
Abeyance
Abhor
Abide
Abide by
Abject
Abjure
Ablution
Abnegate
Abolish
Abolitionis
t
Abominable
Abominate
Abortive
Aboveboard
Abreast
Abrogate
Absolve
Abstemious
Abut
Accede
Accentuate
Acclaim
Acclaim
Accolade
Accost
Accredit
Accretion
Acerbic
Acidulous
Acme
Acquiesces
Acrid
Acrimonious
Acrimony
Acuity

Vocabulary
Meaning
Based on theory
On or toward the rear of a ship
To humble; disgrace; to lower in
rank
To embarrass
A reduction or decrease
Mother superior
Relinquish; give up; abandon;
retire
A typical not normal; not
following the regular pattern
Deviation; from what is expected
Help somebody to commit a crime
Temporary suspension
Feel hatred and disgust;
repugnance
Tolerate; endure; wait patiently
for
Accept ; obey; stick to
Miserable; pitiful; existing in a
low condition
Promise or swear to give a belief;
give up formally
Act of washing or cleaning the
body
Denial; reject, surrender;
End of existance
Person who tried to eliminate
slavery

Word's
Inordinate
Inquisitor
Insatiable

Meaning
immoderate
One who inquires
That can not be satisfied

Inscrutable
Insomnia
Instigate
Instill
Interlard

Mysterious
Sleepless disorder
Provoke
Pour drop by drop; implant;
introduce gradually
Intermixture

Intermittent
Intimidate
Intricate
Introspection

Not continuous
make somebody to do by threatening
Complicate; difficult
Self examination

Intrusive

act of intruding

Inundated
Invariably

flooded
Always the same, constant

Invidious
Invigorate

Likely to cause resentment or

animosity
Strengthen

Kennels
Knave
Labyrinth

a shelter for a dog or cat

mad or mischievous
complicated network of passage

Unpleasant; disgusting; hateful

To hate completely
Fruitless
Honest; open; not deceitful
Side by side
Eliminate by authority
Take the blame away from a person

Lambaste
Lament

hit hardly
Grieve, mourn

Latent
Lateral
League
Lectern

Not indulging to things that are

pleasurable; moderate habits
Common boundary; touching side by
side
Show approval at; take in-charge
Intensify; emphasize; make very
noticeable
Praise
Welcome with approval; hail or
salute as something; acknowledge
the greatness
Praise
Approach somebody and talk
aggressive violent way
Trust; believe; give authority to
Gradual increase in size
Sour; sharp; bitter in taste;
attitude or tone
Bitter taste
Highest point
Agree with out protest
Unpleasantly harsh, bitter in tone
Corroding ; spoiling
Bad feeling; hatred between people
Accuracy; keenness

Lethargic

Hidden
Side to side
Associate
Furniture used to place notes and
people talk standing behind that
weak, dull, not active

Leverage

power, effective

Litigate
Livid

Law suite, legal

Being angry

Logistics
Loquacious

Game plan
Wordy; excessive talk

Louts
Lucrative

Vulgar man with bad manners

Profitable

Lucid
Lucubrate
Lurking

clear; transparent
Laborious study or meditation
Pathungi iruthal(T)

Lycanthropic
Lycosidae
Mahogany
Maladaptive
Malady
Malediction
Malevolence

Werewolf
Spiders, fast running
Tree with hard reddish brown colour
inadequate adaptation
Illness
Curse
malicious behavior; harmful

Author/Date: mrktheni/07/13/02

Page 28/36

Tip English
Acumen
Acute
Adage
Adept
Adjudicate
Adjunct
Admonish
Ado
Adrift
Adroit
Adulation
Adumbrate
Adversary
Aegis
Aerie
Aetiology
Affable
Affected
Affiliate
Affinity
Affluent
Affront
Aggrandize
Aggrieve
Agile
Alacrity
Alchemy
Alleviate
Allusion
Altruism
Alzheimer
Amorphous
Amputate
Analogy
Animosity
Anomalous
Antagonism
Antecedent
Antecedents
Anthropolog
y
Antipathy
Apathy
Appalling
Appease
Apposite
Apprehend
Apprehensiv
e
Arable

influence
Injure or damage

Quickness in judgement; good

judgment
Accurate perception
Old saying or expression
An expert
Adjudge; give judgement
Helper; additional thing
Warning or serious advice
Trouble
Driving by wind or water; loose
unfastened
Skillful

Mar

Excessive praise or flattery

Give only a slight idea; describe
incompletely
Enemy
Shield
An elevated often secluded
building or dwelling, strucutre
Study of causes of diseases
Friendly
Trying to act smart but not really
one
Attach
Relationship; inclination
Plenty
Obvious insult to a person
Exaggerate; to increase in power
or influence ; extend
To hurt; to harm
Able to move quickly
Ayuthemana(T), ready state
Magical science
More bearable
Indirect reference
Unselfish behavior
Disorder that makes memory
inefficient
Not organized, not a definite
shape
In medical grounds cut off the
limb
Similarity
Hostility, enmity
Different from normal; irregular
Active opposition hostility
Thing or circumstance that comes
before the other
Ancestors
Study of mankind and customs,
beliefs

Mortgagee
Mortgagor

Mother side
Rowdy disorder
Deserving praise or reward
A tiny bit; iota;
Reduce
low-lying area
Look like sick; gruesome
Place where bodies are kept until
identification
Approaching death; becoming
obsolete
Bank
Person

Motley
Muddle
Mutilate

Mixed
Jumble
Cut off the limb

Myriad
Nag
Nebulous

a big number
Scold
Vague; unclear

Necromancy
Necrophilia
Nepotism
Nifty
Notion

Black magic
obsessive fascination with the dead
Favor to relatives and friends
Smart, clever, efficient
Belief

Novice
Nuances
Obliterate
Oblivion
Obstinate
Occidental
Ominous
Onychophagia

Inexperienced beginner
Subtle differences in meaning
erase; wipe out
Asatai(T)
Adamant, stubborn
Westerner; Occident the west
Threatening
Practice of biting one's nails

Oppressive

Burdensome

Opprobrium

Something that brings disgrace and

shame
Spoken
Hospital attendant
Showy, flashy
an association
Live longer than

Repugnance
Akkaraiinmai(Tamil)
Dismay; cause to loose enthusiasm
To calm; satisfy
The apple did not appease my
hunger
Apt
Capture; understand
Fearful; hesitant

Pagan
Paleobotany
Palpable
Panacea
Paradigm
Paraphernalia
Parleys

Example that serves as a model

Things that belong to
Conversation or meeting with a
enemy

Land fit for cultivation

Parrot

person who repeats an action of

another

Author/Date: mrktheni/07/13/02

Maternal
Mayhem
Meritorious
Miniscule
Mitigate
Morass
Morbid
Morgue
Moribund

Orally
Orderly
Ornate
Outfit
Outlive
Outwitting
Oxymoron

Outsmart
Contradictory words coined together
to form an rhetorical effect;
plural is Oxymora
Antonym of oxymoron is pleonasm
on has no religion
Study of fossil plants
Capable of being touched or felt
Solutions to all problems

Page 29/36

Tip English
Arbitrary
Arboreal

Not good; illogical

Resembling or inhabiting on trees

Parsimonious
Passion

Arduous
Arid
Ascendance
Ascertain
Assert

Difficult; laborious
Lacking moisture
Domination
Find out
Express

Pastoral

Assimilate

Peculate

Audition
aura
Autistic
Avert

Absorb in to the mind; become

absorbed into the body after
digestion; to become part of
another social group or country
Kodia(T)
Gradually weakening somebodys
strength by continuous harassment
Trial for acting, singing
Atmosphere
Not able to build relationship
Avoid

Banter

Unimportant ,small talks

Peered
Pellucid
Penchant
Pepper and
salt
Perceive

Bastion
Bawdy
Beckon

Fortress
Bad, indecent
Showing signal

Perception
Perfunctory
Pernicious

Becoming

Perpetuate

Beguile
Behead
Behold
Bellicose
Benevolence
Bereaved
Besmirch

Well suited(becoming hairstyle;

becoming dress; becoming modesty)
Deceive
Cut off the head
Observe, look at, see
Inclined to start quarrel
Generosity, doing good
Deprive sb by death
Dishonor

Bestow
Bipedalism
Bliss
Bolster
Bourses

Present a gift or honor

Two footed
Great joy
Support
Stock Exchanges

Pervasive
Pervert
Phenomenon
Plagued
Plausible

Bovine

Relating to cattle

Plebiscite

Breathe,

Breathe is a verb and breath is a

noun
Robber
Dismiss abruptly
Ruthless; very rude; emotionally
hardened
Spacious
To gain by turning something to
advantage

Pleonasms

Understand; observe; become aware

of
Knowledge ; intuition
Showing little interest
Having a very harmful or
destructive effect
Something that keeps you not to
forget
Not able to understand clearly
Vida moirachi
Accuracy in understanding
View
To persuade; able to convince
Disturb
Spread to and be perceived in
everypart
Present and perceived eerywhre
Immoral fellow
Remarkable thing
nuisance; widespread
believable; seem to be right;
skilled in convincing arguments to
deceive
Choice of voting or choosing the
leader
Redundant words coined together

Plunder
Politicking
Polyglot

Soorai adu
Politicizing
Person who speaks many languages

Populace
Parochial
school

Carrousel

Revolving apparatus

Preclude

Carte
blanch
Centipede
Cerulean

Unrestricted power; unconditional

authority
Pooran(T)
Blue

Predicament

the masses; the general public;

Private school maintained by
religious body for elementary or
secondary education
Make impossible;
Prevent something/somebody doing
something
Mess

Chasm

Difference in ideas; deep

separation
Vulgar

Preposterous

Mostly noticeable
Obtain by acting in advance of
others;
Prevent from happening;
Absurd

Prerogative

Special privilege

Atrocious
Attrition

Brigand
Brush
Callous
Capacious
Capitalize

Churlish

Author/Date: mrktheni/07/13/02

Paternal
Patronage
Pavonine

Pedantic
Peddler

Perplexed
Perseverance
Perspicacity
Perspective
Persuasive
Perturb
Pervade

Predominantly
Preempt

Frugal
powerful emotion; desire;
enthusiasm
Country life
Father side
Support
Resembling a peacocks tail or
color
take money for ones own use;
embezzle
Kalvi cherruku udaivar
Person who travels from place to
place to sell goods
Search
Clear and transparent
Liking or taste for something
close mixture of black and white

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Tip English
Cinch

Easy ting to accomplish

Pretentious

Clamorous

Loud and noisy ; vociferous

Prevails

Clandestine

Conducted with secrecy

Prevalent

Clique

Group of same interests

Pristine

Cogently
Coherent

Convincing
Sticking together; logical and
orderly
Unity
Secret agreement or discover
To serve as a memorial to
Speak favorably; praise
Appropriate; (follows with
to/with)

Privy
Proclaim
Procrastinate
Prodigal
Profound
Prognosis
Promiscuous

Postpone
Wastefully extravagant
Deep
Forecast, prediction
Indiscriminate in the choice of
sexual partners

To feel or express sympathy

Person who makes a complaint
Grasp; take in
Wide

Propagate
Propensity
Proponent
Prorogue

Spread
Tendency
Supporter, advocate
Postpone; adjourn

Agree to what some body says

grudgingly or reluctantly
Garvam, ahanthai(T)
To form a concept of

Provender

Fodder

Prowess
Pseudo

Outstanding skill or expertise

Not genuine; false; pretended or
insincere

Fabricate; build up a story

Psychotic
Pummel

Confer

Concurrent; happening at the same

time
Open area of a building; Crowd
Helping something to happen;
favorable condition
Pipe; mean for something to be
transmitted
To consult , to bestow

Multiple personality and living in

fantasy
Beat

Confiscate
Confront

Seized by the government

oppose

Rain maker
Rattle

Congeal
Congregate
Connoisseur
Connubial
Consensus
Conspicuous
Conspire

Harden; solidify
To come together;
Expert knowledge in fine arts
Marriage; conjugal
General agreement
Obvious
Sathi sei

Ravage
Rave
Ravenous
Realty
Rebut
Recant

Cohesion
Collusion
Commemorate
Commend
Commensurat
e
Commiserate
Complainant
Comprehend
Comprehensi
ve
Concede
Conceit
Conceptuali
ze
Concoct
Concomitant
Concourse
Conducive
Conduit

Purport
Quarantine
Quid pro quo
Rain check

Reconnaissanc
e

Claiming a position when

unjustified
Triumph; predominant; use; become
effective; win out
Widely or commonly
occurring/existing
Remaining in a pure state;
uncorrupted state; free from flaw
Secret(privy to sharing a secret)
Announce officially & publicly

Purpose
isolation of persons to prevent
spreading of disease
Equal exchange
Token of approval for future date
commitment
Very good lobbyist(political slang)
percussive sound; talk without much
thought
Devastate
Blabbering
Very hungry
Real estate
Argue
Withdraw
An exploratory military survey of
enemy territory

Paralyzing; dismay

Rectitude

Honesty

Consternati
on
Content
Contort

Satisfied
Twist

Recuperating
Red herring

Contour

Outline

Refute

Contravene
Conversely
Copious

Disobey, break
On the other hand
Plentiful
Forge; make a copy of

Regimen
Reiterate
Rejoinder
Relegate

Getting well
Something that deviates from the
center issue
to prove to be false or erroneous;
to deny the accuracy of a truth
government; rule or control
repeat it again and again
Answer
Transfer to lower division

Reach the high point

Relent

To become less severe; lenient;

Counterfeit
er
Culminate

Author/Date: mrktheni/07/13/02

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Tip English
Culpable
Cygnet
Dark horse
Dearth
Debacle
Debar
Debonair
Decipher
Decree
Deem
Defamation
Defiance
Defrock
Deluge
Delusion
Demeanor
Denounce
Dentition
Depose
Deprecated
Deprive
Despair
Dtente
Deter
Devastate
Dexterity
Diaphonous
Diction
Diligence
Dirge
Disavow
Disclaimer
Disparage

Dispassiona
te
Disseminate
Dissension
Dissipated
Dissuade
Distort
Docile
Dodging
Don
Doodad
Dormant
Dorsal
Dote
Dreadful
Earmark
Ebb
Echelon
Eerie
Egging

Deserving blame
Young swan
Little known
Scarce; famine
Sudden and complete failure;
fiasco
Ban
Cheerful and self assured
Make out; find out
Order given by a ruler/authority
Consider
Say bad things about; attack the
good reputation of somebody
Open disobedient; resistance
Dismiss from priesthood ; unfrock
Large quantity; immense
Deceive

Relinquish
Remiss
Remnant
Remonstrate
Rendering

forgiving
Surrender; give up; abandon
Negligent
remainder
to protest
Submit for approval, translate

Rendezvous
Renegade
Reportorial
Repress
Reproof;
rebuke
Repudiate

Meeting place
Traitor
writer
to put down by force
To criticize

Repugnance
Requiem
Rescript
Resent

To divorce or separate formally

Way of behaving
Condemn openly; accuse formally;
disown; formal announcement of
ending;
Process of growing new teeth
Dethrone; remove from office
Prohibited
Take something away from sb/sth
Lose of hope
Change in strategy
Discourage; prevent
Complete destroy; don't use for
specific numbers
Skill or quickness; prowess
Translucent, transparent
Choosing words
Attentive care
Funeral hymn
Disclaim
Disagreeing
Talking in a way to reduce;
depreciate or lower in rank;
vilify
Unaffected by passion/emotion

Resilient
Restrain

extreme aversion
service for the dead
decree
Hate; be offended; feel bitter;
angry
Restore
limitation

Resurrection
Retract
Retribution
Retro
Retrospection
Reverberation
Revere
Rummage

Bring back the life

to pull back; disclaim
Repayment as punishment
back, backwards
Looking back, on past events
Repeated reflection; reecho; repel
Courteous respect
Old things

Sabbaticals
Salubrious
Salutary
Salvage
Satiety
Savage
Savant
Scald

Rest
Favorable to health or well-being
Remedial; favourable to health
Rescue
Surfeit; full
Kattu mirandi(T)
Scholar
Burn caused by hot steam or liquid

Scandalous

Causing scandal; shocking

Spread
Disagreement
Spread and vanish; wasting time
To advise against; discourage;
deter
Misrepresent
Teachable
Going around
Put on clothing
Unnamed; nameless
Not active
Behind
Adore
Terrible
Identification mark to show
ownership
Period of decline
Level of authority or
responsibility
Causing mystery and fear;(an eerie
scream)
Encouraging

Scrupulously
Seclude
Sedulous
Sheer

Done very carefully

Isolate
Vida muirachi
Deviate; complete

Shoddy
Shortcoming
Shun
Simile
Sine die
Skeptic
Skim
Sleep apnea
Sleuth
Slick

Inferior
Flaw
To avoid deliberately
Comparing two unlike things
Indefinitely
Doubtful towards somebody/something
Glance through quickly
Bed death
Detective
Extremely good; smooth

Slink
Slump

Give birth to premature baby; sneak

Sudden fall in prices

Sobriquet

Nick names

Soliloquy

Talking loudly alone as in dramas

Author/Date: mrktheni/07/13/02

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Tip English
Egregious
Elegy
Eloquence
Elude
Elusive

Exceptionally bad or offensive

Poem to lament a death
Power to speak and write well
Escape
Difficult to capture

Solitude
Somniloquy
Soot
Sordid
Sparse

Emanate
Emancipate

Come from a source

Liberate, to free from bondage
Decoration

Speleology
Spew
Squander

Lonely place
Sleep talking
Black particles
Dirty and unpleasant
Not thick and dense;
Sparsely populated
Study of caves
To flow
Wasting money or time;

Take money for ones own use;

Peculate
Celebrate; inscribe

Square

Conservative; not current

Squeamish

Based on knowledge and experiments

To develop
To get caught or involved in
something , so that , escape is
difficult
To give a right to claim
Group of attendees; environment
Imagine
Articulate
Short living

Stalactites
Stalagmites
Startling

Easily nauseated; shocked;

disgusted
From ceiling
From ground
Frightening

Epitome

Summary of written work; ideal

example

Epoch

Remarkable event; event or time

Eponym

Derivation of a name for city,

place, institution, medicine ,
chemical , theorem from a persons
name
Balanced
Confidential, understood by
specific group
Praising
Removing internal organs of a body
Make very angry; inpatient; irate
Part of a book or article or
passage
Exclude from a group

Strive
Thrive
Crave
Stumble
across
Stupendous

Embellishme
nt
Embezzle
Emblazoned
Empirical
Engender
Entangle
Entitle
Entourage
Envisaged
Enunciate
Ephemeral

Equilibrium
Esoteric
Eulogy
Eviscerate
Exasperate
Excerpt

Stenosis
Stickler
Straddle
Streaking
Strenuous

Narrowing
One who argues without giving up
To be on both sides
Running nude in public
Vida muirachi; sedulous,
perseverance
Try hard
Be successful
Desire
To find by accident
Causing amazement

Subjective
Subjugate

Existing in the mind

Conquer; enslave;

Substantiate
Subtle
Subvert
Succinct

Prove
Thin
Destroy
Concise and terse

Succumb

Die, agree in press

Intense pain

Sumptuous

Rich luxurious magnificent

To cause or feel very excited or

energetic; invigorate; stimulate

Superficial

Slight knowledge; trivial;

insignificant

Speed up the process

Superfluous

Make amends or reparation

Explain in detail
Remove improper objectionable
parts from a book
With out preparation
To praise highly
Intimidate and get money
Surrender one who has taken refuge
Irrelevant
Front view
Conflict with an organization;
group formed because of that
Absurd
Difficult to please

Supersede
Surfeit
Synagogue

Exceeding what is necessary or

needed
Replace
Thigatuthal(T);overdose
Jewish worship place

Taciturn
Tandem
Tangible
Tantamount
Tardy
Tenacious
Tenuous

Being silent and calm

One behind the other
Capable of being realized by mind
Equivalent value
Slow to act
Adamant
Little substance; slender

Termagant
Terse

Quarrelsome woman
Concise

Excommunica
te
Excruciatin
g
Exhilaratin
g
Expedite
Expiate
Expound
Expurgate
Extempore
Extol
Extort
Extradite
Extraneous
Faade
Faction
Farcical
Fastidious

Author/Date: mrktheni/07/13/02

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Tip English
Fiduciary
Fillip
Finicky
Flamboyant

Holding something for the another

Snap; suduku(T)
Difficult to please; fastidious
Showy, extravagant

Flimsy
Flummox
Folly
Formative
years

Unconvincing
Confuse
Lack of good sense
Having an important and influence
on development of character
Frankly; straight forward

Forthrightl
y
Fortitude
Foster
Fragmentary
Fringe
Frisking
Frontage
Galore
Gaudy
Ghoul
Gibberish
Gist
Glean
Glib
Grapple
Grave
Grazing
Green horn
Grotty
Grudge
Gruesome
Grumpy
Haggle
Hegemony
Herpetology
Hike
Hindrance
Hobbled
Holocaust
Homey
Hoodoo
Hopper
Horrendous
Hubris
Huckster
Humdrum
Hyper +
word
Hypo +
word
Hypothetica
l
Ideologue
Idiosyncras
ies
Ignoramus
Imbalance
Imbroglio

Thanatalogy
Therapeutic
Thicket
Through thick
and thin
Tirade
To flock
Torrent
Tossup

Study of death and dying

Having healing power
Dense growth of shrubs
Favorable and unfavorable
conditions
Angry speech
To go to places in large numbers
Violent outburst
Even chance

Trait

Distinctive feature or character

Endurance and strength

Transmuted

Nurture
Made up of unconnected path
Group of extreme views; decorative
border
Search a person for something
concealed
Land between a building and the
street
Plentiful; abundant;
Flashy ; brilliant
Grave robber
Meaningless or technical language
Essence, crux, main point
Gather information
Extemporaneously
Seize
Serious
To feed with grass
Inexperienced, nave
Unpleasant; poor quality
Utpahai, vanmam(T)
Horror; grisly; ghastly
Bad tempered
Argue/bargain over silly matters
Power of one state of the other
Study of snakes
Walk
Obstacle; blockade; impediment
Limp
Large scale destruction
Good friend
Bringing bad luck
Thatti kuthikum(Tamil)
Horrific
Pride

Tribulation
Trifle
Trivialize

Change sth to sth completely

different
Distress
To toy or play with
Underestimate; play down

Truculent

Capable of attacking

Trudging

Walking tiredly and slowly

Trumping
Tumultuous
Tyranny
Ubiquitous
Ulterior
Unabated
Undaunted
Unequivocal
Unfrock
Unprecedented
Unquenchable
Upshot
Usurp
Vacillate
Vain glory
Vanity
Vanquish
Variance
Veer
Vehement
Veneer
Veracity
Verbally
Vertigo
Verve
Vestige
Vilify

showy methods
Monotonous; boring
Over or more

Vindicate
Virtue
Vociferous

Key resource
Confusion of voices, agitation
Kodunkonmai,
Appears to be present everywhere
Undisclosed
Maintaining full force
Fearless
Leaving no doubt;
Dismiss from priesthood; defrock
No previous example
Not able to be satisfied
Result
Wrongfully or by force
To be uncertain
Boastful
Veen garvam(Tamil), conceit
To defeat
Disagreement
Sudden change in direction
Strong feeling
Thin layer
Truthfulness; truth
Written
Feeling of sickness; dizziness
Enthusiasm
Old evidence
To lower the importance by abusive
statements
Prove with evidence
Good character
Noisy outcry

Under or less

Wary

Cautious

Based on assumption

Weary

Exhausting

Advocate of an ideology
Unique thought by some one

Welkin
Welkin eyes
Willy-nilly

Sky;
Beautiful blue eyes;
Disorganized

Ignorant person
Lack of balance
Confusion

Wimpy
belligerence
vibes

Cowardly person
aggressive or truculent attitude
intuition about a person or

Author/Date: mrktheni/07/13/02

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Tip English
Impart
Impeccable

disclose; bestow
no flaw

finagling
fumigating

Impediment
Impending
Imperative
Implausible
Implode
Impromptu
Improvise

Stumbling block
About to happen; imminent
Must, urgent
difficult to believe
collapsed violently
With out preparation; improvise
With out preparation; impromptu,
wing it
disrespectful
An impelling or propelling force
Not deliberately

cornucopia
solatium
solace

thing(informal)
Obtain by trickery
apply gas or smoke to disinfect or
kill insects
abundance of something
something give as solace
source of relief or consolation

costiveness
hypothecation
distrain

constipation
adamanam(Tamil)
Jabdhi (tamil)

dovetails
neuratic
camaraderie

combine
mental disorder
comradeship;friendship

exacerbate
repercussion
instigate
glaciologist

aggravate
consequnce
provoke
study of glaciers

voracious

ravenous

incinerating
loquacious

burnt to ashes
excessive talk; talkative

Indictment

because of the fact; since

Causing or capable of causing fire
With out others knowing
Not coherent(e.g., incoherent with
grief)
To charge or show evidence of
involvement
Person holding the office and post
To make compensation for loss or
damage
To charge with a fault or offense

lackadaisical

Ineptitude
Infuriate

Lacking fitness or aptitude

Extremely angry

Inhibit

Block

tete-a-tete
hogwash
baloney
slander

lazy; who lacks enthusiasm and

effort
private conversation
nonsense

Impudent
Impulse
Inadvertent
ly
Inasmuch as
Incendiary
Incognito
Incoherent
Incriminate
Incumbent
Indemnify

Innate

In one's nature

primordial

Innocuous

Causing no harm, not intended to

offend
introducing a specific disease
germ into the body to fight that
disease

grit

false statement injuring somebodys

reputations
primary , first, fundamental,
original
spirit

enunciate

articulate

emancipate

liberate

libelling

Inoculation

j)

Things that need to be avoided

Replace this

with this

the question as to whether

advance notice
at this point in time
Be that as it may
in the event that
general consensus
young juvenile
student body
due to the fact that
chemotherapeutic agent

whether
notice
now
but
if
consensus
juvenile
students
because
drug

l)

Links those help , practicing Listening comprehension

Randall's ESL listening lab

Author/Date: mrktheni/07/13/02

Page 35/36

Tip English
http://www.eslpartyland.com/students/inter.htm
http://esllab.com/bath1/bath1.htm
www.webster.commnet.ed
www.ebaack.com
www.towerofenglish.com
www.studint.net
www.4tests.com
www.west.net
http://www.wsu.edu/~gordonl/ESL/studentcontents.htm
http://ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/grammarlogs3/grammarlogs450.htm#1

Author/Date: mrktheni/07/13/02

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