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Design and Construction of Pre-Tensioned Sutlej Bridge in Punjab PDF
Design and Construction of Pre-Tensioned Sutlej Bridge in Punjab PDF
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DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF PRE-TENSIONED SUTLEJ BRIDGE IN PUNJAB
V.N. HEGGADE*, R.K. MEHTA** & R. PRAKASH***
SYNOPSIS
Currently in vogue fast track construction has encouraged the adoption of pre-tension technology for urban flyovers. After having
successfully experimented pretensioned spans for River Bridge upto span of 30 m in Hadakiya Bridge in Gujarat, the technology was first
time extended upto 35m spans for Beas and Sutlej river bridges in Punjab. The inherent peculiarities such as single stage prestressing,
transfer of prestress through bond between concrete and cables by obviation of grouting and sheathing ducts, tensioning of tendons before
the concrete is cast and transfer of prestress after the attainment of required strength in concrete derive certain advantages in favour of
pretensioning in terms of durability, quantity reduction, construction speed, design and construction expediency. However, in the Indian
scenario there are no codal guidelines accounting for these peculiarities for bridges. The enumeration with illustration is intended to
provide basis for formulating guidelines for pretensioning in bridge building. The Paper also deliberates on optimization of beam cross
section in relation to lateral stability during transfer of prestress accounting for casting imperfections, handling and erection of beams
before the beams are transversly stiffened by deck slab which may help the code makers to have fresh look on the guidelines for lateral
stability of the prestressed beams.
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Design discharge
: 18912 Cumecs
Maximum mean velocity
: 4.87 m/sec
High flood level
: RL 227.868
Depth of water at lowest
: 3.0m
water level
Scour level
: RL 204.255
Seismicity
Seismic zone
: IV
Seismic coefficient
: 0075G
Permissible increase in SBC : 25 per cent
Permissible increase in stress : As per IRC: 6
Soil parameter
(dry)
: 1.8 t/m3
(angle of internal friction) : 300
(Friction between soil and face): 200
SBC for well foundation
: 75 t/m2 gross at
founding level.
Material
For condition of exposure
: Moderate
Concrete grades
For pretensioned beams : M40
For well foundation
: M30
Reinforcements
: HYSD bars
conforming to
IS:1786
Loading
Live load
Footpath live load
Cycle track loading
Miscellaneous
Type of bearings
Wearing coat
Software package
3. CONCEPTUALISATION
In many of the river bridges in Punjab upto 45 m spans, the
slab girder system with cast insitu post-tensioned beams are
successfully adopted. Beyond 45 m, upto even 65 m cast insitu
box girders are adopted. However, recently in vogue fast track
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Had the well cap level been fixed at ground level or LWL,
the job could have been completed three to four months earlier
and substantial additional expenditure as a consequence of
taking well cap below ground level could have been saved.
As the cofferdam was quite thin compared to steining, the
non-availability of required weight hampered the sinking. This
called for the creation of the sump below the founding level to
facilitate gradual sinking. At P16 location, the sump required
was 3 m to enable last 1.80 m sinking. In the process the well
jumped and sunk by 3.70 m at one go rendering the steining top
almost 8 m (Photo 3.) below bed level.
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The height of the first lift was 3.25 m and after concreting
the first lift, the balance second lift shuttering was fixed
immediately in 3 to 5 hours. The grout leakage through the
joints of shuttering was totally avoided by judicious planning
during the fabrication of shuttering such as overlapping of
plates, etc. The concreting for each lift was carried out in
continuous operation without the cold joint. By virtue of large
shuttering and minimum number of lifts in concreting, the surface
texture of the concrete pier has been of excellent quality.
6. SUPERSTRUCTURE
6.1 Choice of Cross Section
Due to the obvious advantages enumerated in
Conceptualisation Para, the an isotropic deck was considered
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Fig. 5. Laterial stability of long prestressed concrete beams with factor of safeties
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dead loads and live loads were compared with Classical Little
and Morrice method for verification, which were found to be in
agreement to a large extent as illustrated in Table 1.
TABLE 1. GRILLAGE ANALYSIS
METHOD
VIA-A-VIS
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The largest long line prestressing bed had its own share of
problems. Each strand was to be stressed to 21 tonnes,
warranting the capacity of the pretensioning bench to (2x34) =
714 tonnes. It is essential to design the pretensioning bed to
additional 20 per cent capacity as the prestressing force on
reaction abutment (Fig. 9) will increase due to long line bench
effect after casting of concrete, due to shrinkage and
temperature variation between the duration of casting of
concrete and detensioning. Prior to detensioning in the casting
yard, the strands can be stressed up to 0.80 UTS. Due to the
shrinkage of concrete clubbed with reduction in temperature,
shrinks the concrete along with the strands in the bonded length
thereby elongating and inducing further stress in the unbonded
length. If the increase in stress in unbonded length before
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longitudinal trolleys.
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trolley on top of the deck slab and supporting half of the gentry
(Fig. 14) on it proved to be safe, economical and fastest solution.
This method was adopted for shifting both the gantries across
P8 & P10 in seven days time without any risk and just taking
care by dropping plumbs at four locations on both sides of the
gantry to check the evenness of the movement.
9. BEARINGS
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Design aspect
(a) Separate guidelines applicable to pretensioned
concrete in IRC:18; Universally, there are no separate
codes for post tensioning and pretensioning as the
majority of the aspects of prestressing are applicable
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2. Construction aspect
(a) Provision of track-line for gantries as proper
embankment in the river bed;
(b) Provision of temporary Service Bridge across the river;
(c) Mechanisation of concreting for pretensioned beam.
(d) Use of large panel formwork for piers and beams;
(e) Bearing configuration, fixing of bearings and
stabilisation of beams after the erection till the casting
of diaphragms and deck slab;
Many of the above design and construction aspects
warrant in depth knowledge and meticulous micro planning to
suit the adoption of particular type of technology.
3. Proposal for codal guidelines for pretensioning
On the basis of designing and executing long span
pretensioned bridge spans, the authors propose the following:
(a) The minimum dimensions of the cross section shall
be
(i) Thickness of top flange: 100 mm
(ii) Thickness of bottom flange: 150 mm
(iii) Thickness of web: 150 mm
(b) The span to depth and depth to width ratios for
optimum beam cross section from lateral stability
considerations shall satisfy following Factor Of
Safeties
(i) FOS with out casting imperfections > 2
(ii) FOS with initial imperfections > 1.5
(iii) FOS with Actual angle of tilt > 1.1
(c) Provided adequate un-tensioned reinforcements are
designed for pre cast girder, the tension shall be