Unit -1

Network parameters
A network may be used for representing either source or load. A pair of
terminals at which a signal may enter or leave a network is called a port. A port is
defined as any pair of terminals into which energy is supplied,or from which energy
is withdrawn or where the network variables may be measured.
A two port network is simple a network inside a black box and the network has two
pairs of accessible terminals.one pair represents the input ant the other represents
the output.such building block is very common in electronic systems,communication
systems,transmission and distribution systems.

OPEN CIRCUIT IMPEDANCE OR [Z] PARAMETERS

Now if I 1 = 0 means the input port is an open circuit

and

if
I 2 = 0 means the output port is an open circuit

and

Figure 1: Determination of Z-parameters

[Z] parameters are known as open circuit impedance parameters because, in both the cases, one port is
open (i.e., I 1 = 0 and I 2 = 0)
Z 11 and Z 22 are driving-point impedance at port 1 and port 2. In the case of driving-point function the data
should be from the same port.
Z 12 and Z 21 are transfer impedance because in Z
from port 2,

12

and Z 21; one data is from port 1 and the other data is

Z 12 [ V 1/ I 1] [V 1 from port 1 and I 2 from port 2] = reverse transfer impedance.

Z 21 [V 2 /I 1] [I 1 from port 1 and V 2 from port 2] = forward transfer impedance.
It is seen that dimensionally each parameter is an impedance (ratio voltage and current), therefore, the
impedance parameters may be either calculated or measured by first opening port 2 and then determining
the ratios [ V 1/ I 1] and [V 2 /I 1] , and then opening port 1 and determining the ratios[V 1 / I
2] and [V 2 /I 2]. But in this chapter we will solve all problems using the comparing method.