SOCIAL

STRATIFICATI
Insocio | dgeo2 | 18 june 20
Alamchandani
Fernandez
Flor
Murphy
Pascual

SOCIAL
STRATIFICATION
Society's
categorization of people into
socioeconomic strata, based upon their
occupation and income, wealth and social
status, and derived power.
Social stratification is a particular form of social
inequality. All societies arrange their members
in terms of superiority, inferiority and equality..

SOCIAL
IFICATION

TWO APPROACHES TO THE

STUDY OF SOCIAL
STRATIFICATION
Conflict Approach
According to Karl Marx, in all
stratified societies there are
two major social groups: a
ruling class and a subject class.

TWO APPROACHES TO THE

STUDY OF SOCIAL
STRATIFICATION
Functionalist Approach
Talcott Parsons believes that order, stability and
cooperation in society are based on value consensus
that is a general agreement by members of society
concerning what is good and worthwhile.

ORIGIN OF SOCIAL
STRATIFICATION

Hunting and Gathering Societies

Horticultural, Pastoral, and Agricultural Societies

Division of Labor and Job Specialization
Industrialized Societies
The Improvement of Working Conditions

Postindustrial Societies
The Improvement of Working Conditions

Postindustrial Societies

CHARACTERISTICS OF
SOCIAL STRATIFICATION
Ubiquity
Social Patterning

Antiquity
Diversity

Consequences
Life chances

Life style

Social
Mobility

Social Mobility
The movement of
individuals, families,
households, or other
categories of people
within or between social
strata in a society. It is a
change in social
status relative to others'
social location within a
given society.

Mobility may be
considered in
different senses,
such
as:
A change in occupation that involves a consequent
change in status.
A promotion within the same occupational group.
The accumulation of seniority within a given
occupation.
A change in occupation from one generation to another,
as from father to son.

TYPES OF MOBILITY
1. Horizontal Mobility:
A person changes his or her occupation but the overall
social standing remains the same.
Example:
A programmer transferred his occupation to a teacher,
he horizontally moved from one Occupation, but no
change in social stratification

TYPES OF MOBILITY
2. Vertical Mobility:
It refers to any change in the occupational, economic
or political status of an individual or a group which
leads to change of their position.
Example:

A sales person was able to impress his boss; his

position becomes higher than his competitor.

TYPES OF MOBILITY
3. Upward Mobility:
It refers to a mobility when a
person or a group of persons
move from lower position to
upper position.
Example:
When a regular citizen runs for
mayor or another position in
the government, he changes his
position to a higher level.

TYPES OF MOBILITY
4. Downward Mobility:
It indicates that one person loses his higher position
and occupies a lower position.
Example:
From being
the President of the
Philippines, Mrs.
Arroyo is now a
Congress-woman.

TYPES OF MOBILITY
5. Intra-Generational Mobility:
a. Change in the position of one individual in his life span

b. Change in the position of one brother but no change in

the position of another brother.

Example:
Mark started his work by selling pencils. After that, he
transferred to a cafeteria. Now, he owns a 5 star
restaurant. His social career became higher than what he
started with.

TYPES OF MOBILITY
6. Occupational Mobility:
It refers to the change of occupation from one to
another.
Example:
Felicia was practicing her field, architecture. After she got
married, she became a businesswoman.

FORMS and
functions OF
SOCIAL
STRATIFICATIO
N

FORMS and functions

OF SOCIAL
STRATIFICATION

Slavery System

It is an extreme form of inequality in which some

individuals are owned by others as their property. The
slave owner has full control including using violence
over the slave.
According to H.J Nieboer, the basis of slavery is always
economic because with it emerged a kind of
aristocracy which lived upon slave labor.

FORMS and functions

OF SOCIAL
STRATIFICATION
The Slave
In extreme cases, he is wholly without rights.
He is in lower condition as compared with freemen.

The slaves have no political rights.

FORMS and functions

OF SOCIAL
STRATIFICATION
The Slave
He does not choose his
government.
He does not attend the public
councils.
Socially, he is despised.

He is compelled to work.

FORMS and functions

OF SOCIAL
STRATIFICATION
Slavery-based Societies
Societies of the ancient world based upon slavery
(Greek and Roman)
Southern states of USA in the 18th and 19th
centuries.

FORMS and functions

OF SOCIAL
STRATIFICATION
Estate System
Synonymous with Feudalism,
a so ial system that existed
in Europe during the Middle
Ages in which people worked
and fought for nobles who
gave them protection and the
use of land in return (MerriamWebster definition)

FORMS and functions

OF SOCIAL
STRATIFICATION
Estate System
Legally defined
The feudal estates were political groups.

Theres a broad division of labor with definite

functions.

The nobility were ordained to defend all

The clergy to pray for all
The commons to provide food for all

FORMS and functions

OF SOCIAL
STRATIFICATION
Caste System
The term caste is derived from the Spanish word
caste meaning breed or lineage.
India, Nepal, Sri Lanka
By his birth and not by selection nor by
accomplishments.

FORMS and functions

OF SOCIAL
STRATIFICATION
Caste System
Each caste has its own customs, traditions practices
and rituals. It has its own informal rules, regulations
and procedures.
The caste panchayats or the caste councils regulate
the conduct of members.

FORMS and functions

OF SOCIAL
STRATIFICATION
Caste System
Hindu society was divided into
four main varnas - Brahmins,
Kashtriyas, Vaishyas and
Shudras
Brahmin: Consist of those
engaged in scriptural education
and teaching, essential for the
continuation of knowledge.

FORMS and functions

OF SOCIAL
STRATIFICATION
Caste System
Kshatriya: Take on all forms of public service,
including administration, maintenance of law and
order, and defense.
Vaishya: Engage in commercial activity as
businessmen.

FORMS and functions

OF SOCIAL
STRATIFICATION
Caste System
Shudra: Work as semi-skilled and unskilled laborers.
Mahatma Gandhi, the father of modern India,
made the lower castes and untouchables a fifth,
lowly class with the name Harijan, or "children of
God.

FORMS and functions

OF SOCIAL
STRATIFICATION
The Untouchables (16.2%)

FORMS and functions

OF SOCIAL
STRATIFICATION
Caste System and Its Features
As a matter of rule and practice, no individual
would accept kachcha food prepared by an inferior
casteman.
The caste system put restriction on the range of
social relations also. Intercaste marriages are still
looked down upon in the traditional Indian society.

FORMS and functions

OF SOCIAL
STRATIFICATION
Caste System and Its Features

FORMS and functions

OF SOCIAL
STRATIFICATION
Class System
Based o We ers 3-component theory of
stratification and the concept of life chances.
A perso s position depends upon achievement and
his ability to use to advantage the inborn
characteristics and wealth that he may possess.

It is dominant in modern society.

FORMS and functions

OF SOCIAL
STRATIFICATION
Class System
According to Weber, three
independent factors affect
the hierarchy:

Class economic
position
Status prestige, social honor and popularity
Power perso 's a ility to get their way despite
the resista e of others

FORMS and functions

OF SOCIAL
STRATIFICATION
Class System
Class is a ope syste . U der this syste
vertical mobility is absolutely free.
The four main classes consists of - upper class,
white collar workers, petty bourgeoisie and the
manual working class

They are economic, political and occupational

classes. (Sorokin)

FORMS and functions

OF SOCIAL
STRATIFICATION
Manual working class do
a ual la or with little
or no prestige. They are
the so called blue-collar
workers.

FORMS and functions

OF SOCIAL
STRATIFICATION
Petty bourgeoisie is often
made up of people with
lower incomes, such as
managers, call-center
agents, teachers, and
secretaries.
More commonly known
as lower middle class

FORMS and functions

OF SOCIAL
STRATIFICATION
White collar workers is
highly educated business
and professional people
with high incomes, such as
doctors, lawyers,
stockbrokers, and CEOs.
More commonly known
as upper middle class

FORMS and functions

OF SOCIAL
STRATIFICATION
Class System
The upper class comprise 1 to 3 percent only of the
population.
Lower upper class includes those
with ew o ey,
Upper middle class includes those
aristo rati a d highso iety
fa ilies with old o ey

Conflict
Theories

Conflict
Theories
Marxist-based social theory
According to conflict theory, social stratification
benefits the rich and powerful at the expense of the
poor.

Capitalism particularly benefits the rich by assuming

that the tri kle-dow
e ha is is the est way to
spread the benefits of wealth across society.

Two Major Social

Groups
Ruling Class (rich)
Subject Class (poor)

Sources
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In Sociology: Focus on the Philippines (Pp. 427-434). Quezon City:
KEN Inc.
http://www.sociologyguide.com/social-stratification/ConflictTheories.php

Sources
https://www.boundless.com/sociology/textbooks/boundlesssociology-textbook/global-stratification-and-inequality8/sociological-theories-and-global-inequality-72/the-conflictperspective-class-conflict-and-scarce-resources-422-510/
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Sources
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_mobility

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