Syntax:

Sentence is composed from a subject and a predicate. The subject is what or who we are
talking about and the predicate is what we say about it. Ex: the boy is old.
subject

predicate

Each word in the sentence has its category: N, V, Adj, Adv.

Ex: the boy is old
det n
v adj

NP

VP

S
The sentence has a structure. Noun phrase + verb phrase = sentence.

Lexical categories
Noun (N)
Verb (V)
Adjective (A)
Preposition (P)
Adverb (Adv)

ex:
moisture, policy
melt, remain
good, intelligent
to, near
slowly, now

Non-lexical categories
Determiner (Det)
Degree word (Deg)
Qualifier (Qual)
Auxiliary (Aux)
Conjunction (Conj)

the, this
very, more
always, perhaps
can, will
and, or

Complementizer (Comp) that (clause)

Semantic
Semantic is the study of meaning, that is word and sentence meaning. This involves
relationship between words known as sense relation namely:
Hyponymy
Synonymy
Antonymy

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Hyponymy:
Is the relationship of inclusion that is a word included in another word.
Is the relationship that includes a specific word in a general word.
The general word is called: super ordinate.
The specific word is called: hyponym.
The words in the same category are called: co-hyponyms.
Example:
Fruit (super ordinate)

Banana
kiwi
orange cherry
lemon
apple (Hyponyms of fruit)
Co-hyponyms
Co-hyponyms
Co-hyponyms

Some times a hyponym can be a super ordinate at the same time.

Plant (super ordinate)
(Super ordinate) Flower grass

tree (hyponyms of plant)

Lilac rose tulips peony (hyponyms of flowers)

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