Design Data Book

Machine
Design
Data Book
Faculty In Charge
Head of Department
Page 1
Machine Design Data Book
POWER SCREWS-
Page 2
Sr.No.
1
Table
Equation
2. .N .T
.......watt
60
N r. p.m......T Torque ( N .m)
Power
Power Required to rotate the

Screw
1) Considering Screw Onlyd

T P.
2
2
Torque Required to rotate the

Screw (T)
2) Considering Screw and Collar

d
T P. 1 .W .R
2
1 Coefficient of friction for collar

W- Load on the Screw
1) To Raise or Lift the Load, tan tan
...( N )
1 tan .tan
P W tan W
Tangential Force Required at
4
the circumference of the screw
2) To Lower the Load:-
(P)
P W tan W
tan tan
...( N )
1 tan.tan
tan tan1
...( N )
1 tan .tan1
P W tan 1 W
5
For Acme Thread
tan 1
cos
Semi angle of Acmethread 14.5o
Page 3

tan
Helix angle
np
d
n- no of starts of the thread

p-pitch of the Screw
d- Mean diameter of the screw
tan
Friction Angle
Mean Diameter of the Screw

(d)
d0 dc
p
p
d0 dc
2
2
2
Where- do Nominal or Outside Diameter

p- Pitch of the Screw
dc- Core or Root Diameter
tan
Coefficient of Friction for

Screw
R
10
Mean radius of the Collar
R1 R2
2
R1 Outer Radius of Collar

R2 Inner Radius of Collar
11
T P1. l
12
13
14
Effort Required at the end of

Lever arm of length l, (P1)
Speed of the Screw per
T Total Torque
D
T P1. ........D Diameter of Hand Wheel
2
N
revolution
Efficiency of the Screw
velocity ( mm / min)
......(r. p.m)
Pitch ( mm)
1) Considering Screw Only-
W .tan .
P.
d
2
d
2
2) Considering Screw and Collar

Page 4
W .tan .
P.
d
2
d
1.W .R
2
HELICAL SPRINGS-
Sr.No.
Table
Equation
Using Spring Index C = D/d
Mean Diameter of the Spring Coil (D)
D = C. d
Outer Diameter of Spring Coil (Do) = D + d
Inner Diameter of spring Coil (Di) = D - d
Diameter of the Spring wire (d)
1) When Wahls Factor (K) is Given

8WD
d3
4C 1 0.615
K
4C 4
C
K.
2) When load is variable (W1 And W2),

then for Maximum loadD
T Wmax . . .d 3
2 16
Note:- Standard size of wire is taken from table below----
Page 5
Sr.No.
Table
Number of turns of Coil (n)
Equation
8.W .C 3 n
G.d
- Deflection of Spring
C- Spring Index = D/d
n- no. of turns of coil
G- Modulus of Rigidity
d- diameter of Spring Wire
1) If the Load variation is given Wmin to Wmax
Page 6

Then W in above Equation is W= (Wmax- Wmin)
For Squared and Ground Ends;,
n = n + 2
4
LF n 'd max 0.15 max
Free length of spring (LF)
1) If the is Load variation given for

(Wmax Wmin) then
max is calculated for Maximum load (Wmax)
Pitch of the Coil (p)
Energy stored in the Spring (U)
Pitch
Free Length
n' 1
1
U W .
2
2.
1
m v v
F .S
y
e
8.Wm .D
........
.d 3
W Wmin
1
.K s 1 ......Wm max
2C
2
8.Wv .D
v K
.......
.d 3
Wmax Wmin
4C 1 0.615
..K
......Wv
C
2
4C 4
m Ks
7
Helical springs subjected to

fatigue Loading
LEAF SPRINGS-
Page 7
Sr.No.
Table
Equation
2 L 2 L1 l
2L1 Length of Span or Overall length of

Spring
Effective Length of spring (2L)
l- width of the Band

2
Total Number of Leaves (n)
n = nF + nG
nF No. of Full length leaves
nG- No. of Graduated Leaves
Central Load acting on the spring
2W
When no. of Springs are given, then

Load on each spring (2W)
2W = (Total Load/No. of Springs)

nt
b
Depth to Width Ratio

n- Number of leaves, t Thickness of plate
and b Width of the plate
Final stresses in springs

When Leaves are Equally stressed
i)
Stress,
When the leaves are not Initially stressed
6.W .L
n.b.t 2
Stress ,
Page 8
18.W .L
b.t (2nG 3nF )
2
ii)
Deflection,
6.W .L3
n.E.b.t 3
Deflection,
12.W .L
E.b.t (2nG 3nF )
3
Calculation Initial Gap between full

length and graduated leaves
2.W .L3
C
n.E.b.t 3
Load Exerted on the Band after the

spring is assembled (Wb)
Wb
2.nF .nG .W
n.(2nG 3nF )
Knuckle Joint
A knuckle joint is used to connect two rods which are under the action of tensile loads. However,
if the joint is guided, the rods may support a compressive load. A knuckle joint may be readily
disconnected for adjustments or repairs. Its use may be found in the link of a cycle chain, tie rod
joint for roof truss, valve rod joint with eccentric rod, pump rod joint, tension link in bridge
structure and lever and rod connections of various types.
Page 9
Figure:- Knuckle joint

Sr.No.
Table
Equation
P
Diameter of the Rod (d)
2
d . t
4
P- Load Transmitted,
t - Tensile Stress
Diameter of Knuckle Pin (d1)
d1 = d
Outer diameter of eye (d2)
d2 = 2 d
Diameter of knuckle pin Head and Collar (d3)
d3 = 1.5 d
Thickness of single eye or rod end (t)
t = 1.25 d
Thickness of Fork (t1)
t1 = 0.75 d
Thickness of Pin head (t2)
t2 = 0.5 d
Failure of knuckle pin in shear ()
Page 10
P 2.
2
d1 .
4

9
Failure of the single eye or rod end in tension (t)
P (d 2 d1 ).t. t
10
Failure of the single eye or rod end in shearing ()
P (d 2 d1 ).t.
11
Failure of the single eye or rod end in crushing (c)
P ( d1 ).t. c
12
Failure of the forked end in tension (t)
P ( d 2 d1 ).2t1. t
13
Failure of the forked end in shear ()
P (d 2 d1 ).2t1.
14
Failure of the forked end in crushing (c)
P (d1 ).2t1. c
If the induced stresses are less than the given design stresses, therefore the joint is safe
DESIGN PROCEDURE
S.No
Table
Stress
Equation
P
A
P Force or load acting on a boby
A Cross sec tional Area of the body
l
l
l Change in length of body
l original length of the body
Strain
E. ......E
Young Modulus or Modulus of

Elasticity (E)
Page 11
P.l
P.l
..... l
A. l
A.E
P
A
2
.d
4
For Double Shear , A 2. .d 2

4
For sin gle Shear , A
Shear Stress

C
Shear Strain
C Modulus of Rigidity
Shear Modulus or Modulus of

Rigidity
Yeild Po int stress

Working or Design stress
Ultimate stress
F .S
Working or Design stress
F .S
Factor of Safety
Impact stress
Torsional shear Stress
Page 12
W
2.h. A.E
1 1
A
W .l
10
11
12
13
For Solid Shaft of

Diameter d
For Hollow Shaft of

Diameter d
Power transmitted by the

shaft
Bending Stress in
straight Beam
Bending Stress in
straight Beam
Page 13
Page 14
Page 15
Sr.No.
Table
14
Bending stress in
Curved Beams
Equation
e = R - Rn, Yi = Rn-Ri, Yo = Ro-Rn,
Page 16

15
Resultant Bending
Stress
16
Axial Direct Stress
17
18
Ri t bi
Ro t bo
t
W
... A Area of Cross Section Given .( see AboveTable )
A
Maximum Bending
stress at the inside
fibre
Maximum Bending
stress at the
outside fibre
Page 17
Page 18
RIVETED JOINTS:S.No
1
Table
Tearing Resistanceof
Rivet (Pt)
Equation
Pt p d .t. t
p pitch of rievt , d diameter of rivet hole,

t Thickness of plate, t PermissibleTensile stress
Page 19
Shearing resistance of a
Rivet (Ps)
Crushing resistance of a
Rivet (Pc)
Ps n.x. d 2 .
4
n no. of rievt , x no. of shear ,
d diameter of rivet hole, Permissible shear stress
Pc n.d .t. c
n no. of rievt , t thickness of rivet plate,
d diameter of rivet hole, c PermissibleCrushing stress
Efficiency of the Rivet
WELDED JOINTS:-
Page 20
Page 21
S.No
Table
Strength of the plate
P A. t ......kN
Equation
A b. t....b and t width and thickness of a plate

t Permis si ble tensile stress
P 0.707.s.l. t
Strength of a single
Transverse fillet weld
s size of weld Thicknes of plate

l Length of weld
t PermissibleTensile Stress
P 1.414.s.l. t
Strength of a Double
Transverse fillet weld
Strength of a Parallel
fillet weld
Strength of single
5
Transverse and Parallel

Fillet weld

l Length of weld
t PermissibleTensile Stress
P 1.414.s.l.
l Length of weld
Permissible Shear Stress

P 0.707.s.l1. t 1.414.s.l2 .
l1 and l2 Length of Transverse and Parallel fillet weld
Permissible Shear Stress
For Starting and Stopping of weld run 12.5 is added to the lengths
Page 22

t (max)
...... (max)
Kt
Kt
K t Stress concentration Factor
t
7
For Fatigue Loading
POWER SCREWS:STRESSES IN POWER SCREWS1) Direct Compressive Stress.
c
1
Stresses in Power Screws
....... Ac .d c 2
Ac
4
d c (d o p )
d o Nomimal dia. or outside dia.
p pitch of the screw
Shear Stresses in Screws
16.T
.d c 3
T Torque ( N .mm)
Maximum shear Stress in
max
Screws
Page 23
1
c 2 4 2
2

Pb
W
.n.d .t
n No. of threads in engagement with nut
Bearing Pressure on Screw
h height of nut.... p pich of screw

pitch p
t thickness of screw
2
2
Page 24
h
p

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Machine

Machine Design Data Book

Machine Design Data Book

Power Required to rotate the

1) Considering Screw Onlyd

Torque Required to rotate the

2) Considering Screw and Collar

1 Coefficient of friction for collar

the circumference of the screw

2) To Lower the Load:-

For Acme Thread

Semi angle of Acmethread 14.5o

Machine Design Data Book

n- no of starts of the thread

Mean Diameter of the Screw

Where- do Nominal or Outside Diameter

Coefficient of Friction for

Mean radius of the Collar

R1 Outer Radius of Collar

Effort Required at the end of

Speed of the Screw per

1) Considering Screw Only-

2) Considering Screw and Collar

Machine Design Data Book

Mean Diameter of the Spring Coil (D)

Diameter of the Spring wire (d)

1) When Wahls Factor (K) is Given

2) When load is variable (W1 And W2),

Machine Design Data Book

Number of turns of Coil (n)

1) If the Load variation is given Wmin to Wmax

Machine Design Data Book

LF n 'd max 0.15 max

Free length of spring (LF)

1) If the is Load variation given for

Pitch of the Coil (p)

Energy stored in the Spring (U)

Helical springs subjected to

Machine Design Data Book

2L1 Length of Span or Overall length of

Effective Length of spring (2L)

l- width of the Band

Total Number of Leaves (n)

Central Load acting on the spring

When no. of Springs are given, then

2W = (Total Load/No. of Springs)

Depth to Width Ratio

Final stresses in springs

When the leaves are not Initially stressed

Machine Design Data Book

Calculation Initial Gap between full

Load Exerted on the Band after the

Machine Design Data Book

Figure:- Knuckle joint

Diameter of the Rod (d)

Diameter of Knuckle Pin (d1)

Outer diameter of eye (d2)

Diameter of knuckle pin Head and Collar (d3)

Thickness of single eye or rod end (t)

Thickness of Fork (t1)

Thickness of Pin head (t2)

Failure of knuckle pin in shear ()

Machine Design Data Book

Failure of the single eye or rod end in tension (t)