Department of Electronics and

Communication Engineering

M.Tech. Photonics

Curriculum & Syllabus

2014 Regulations

ACADEMIC REGULATIONS
(M.TECH./ M.B.A. / M.C.A.)
(Full - Time / Part Time)
(Effective 2014-15)
1. Vision, Mission and Objectives
1.1 The Vision of the Institute is To make
every man a success and no man a failure.

To promote research in the field of

science, Humanities, Engineering,
Technology and allied branches.

2.3. Candidates for admission to the first

semester
of
the
Masters
Degree
Programme shall be required to have
passed an appropriate Degree Examination
recognized by Hindustan University.
2.4. In all matters relating to admission to
the
(M.TECH
/M.B.A.
/
M.C.A.).
Programme, the decision of the Institute and
its interpretation given by the Chancellor of
the Institute shall be final.

1.3 Our aims and objectives are focused on

To inculcate a flair for research,

development and entrepreneurship.

2.2. The selected candidates will be

admitted to the (M.TECH / M.B.A. / M.C.A.)
programme after he/she fulfills all the
admission requirements set by the Institute
and after payment of the prescribed fees.

To develop the students with a global

outlook possessing, state of the art
skills, capable of taking up challenging
responsibilities in the respective fields.

2.1. The admission policy and procedure

shall be decided from time to time by the
Board of Management (BOM) of the
Institute, following guidelines issued by
Ministry of Human Resource Development
(MHRD), Government of India. The number
of seats in each branch of the (M.TECH /
M.B.A. / M.C.A.) programme will be decided
by BOM as per the directives from Ministry
of Human Resource Development (MHRD),
Government of India and taking into account
the market demands. Some seats for Non
Resident Indians and a few seats for foreign
nationals shall be made available.

1.2 Further, the institute always strives

To train our students with the latest and
the best in the rapidly changing fields
of
Engineering,
Technology,
Management, Science & Humanities.

To mould our students as citizens with

moral, ethical and social values so as
to fulfill their obligations to the nation
and the society.

Keeping pace with the ever changing

technological scenario to help our
students to gain proper direction to
emerge as competent professionals fully
aware of their commitment to the society
and nation.

2. Admission

In order to progress towards the vision, the

Institute has identified itself with a mission to
provide every individual with a conducive
environment suitable to achieve his / her
career goals, with a strong emphasis on
personality development, and to offer quality
education in all spheres of engineering,
technology,
applied
sciences
and
management, without compromising on the
quality and code of ethics.

Providing world class education in

engineering, technology, applied science
and management.

2.5. If at any time after admission, it is found

that a candidate has not fulfilled any of the
2

3.4. For the award of degree, a student has

to earn certain minimum total number of
credits specified in the curriculum of the
relevant branch of study. The curriculum of
the different programs shall be so designed
that the minimum prescribed credits
required for the award of the degree shall
be within the limits specified below.

requirements stipulated by the Institute, the

Institute may revoke the admission of the
candidate with information to the Academic
Council.
3. Structure of the programme
3.1. The programme of instruction will have the
following structure
i) Core courses of Engineering / Technology /
Management.
ii) Elective courses for specialization in
areas of students choice.

Program
M.Tech. (Full time / Part
time)
M.B.A. (Full time / Part time)
M.C.A (Full time / Part time)

3.2. The minimum durations of the

programmes are as given below:
Program
M.Tech.(Full-Time)
M.Tech.(Part -Time)
M.B.A. (Full - Time)
M.B.A. (Part - Time)
M.C.A.(Full - Time)
M.C.A.(Part -Time)

Minimum
prescribed
credit
range
75 - 85
85 - 95
115 - 125

3.5. The medium of instruction, examination

and the language of the project reports will
be English.

No. of
Semesters
4
6
4
6
6
8

4. Faculty Advisor
4.1. To help the students in planning their
courses of study and for getting general
advice on the academic programme, the
concerned Department will assign a certain
number of students to a Faculty member
who will be called their Faculty Advisor.

Every (M.TECH / M.B.A. / M.C.A.)

programme will have a curriculum and
syllabi for the courses approved by the
Academic Council.

5. Class Committee
5.1 A Class Committee consisting of the
following will be constituted by the Head of
the Department for each class:

3.3. Each course is normally assigned certain

number of credits. The following norms will
generally be followed in assigning credits
for courses.

(i) A Chairman, who is not teaching the

class.

One credit for each lecture hour per

week per semester;
One credit for each tutorial hour per
week per semester;
One credit for each laboratory practical
(drawing) of three (two) hours per week
per semester.
One credit for 4 weeks of industrial
training and
One credit for 2 hours of project per
week per semester.

(ii) All subject teachers of the class.

(iii) Two students nominated by the
department in consultation with the
class.
The Class Committee will meet as often as
necessary, but not less than three times
during a semester.
3

 Ci Pi

The functions of the Class Committee will

include:

GPA i
Ci
i

(i) Addressing problems experienced by

students in the classroom and the
laboratories.
(ii)

CGPA will be calculated in a similar manner,

at any semester, considering all the courses
enrolled from first semester onwards.

Analyzing the performance of the

students of the class after each test
and finding ways and means of
addressing problems, if any.

Range of
Marks

Letter Grade

Grade
points

95-100

10

85 - 94

09

75- 84

08

65-74

07

55-64

06

50-54

05

< 50

00

I (Incomplete)

--

6.3. For the students with letter grade I in

certain subjects, the same will not be included
in the computation of GPA and CGPA until
after those grades are converted to the
regular grades.
6.4 Raw marks will be moderated by a
moderation board appointed by the Vice
Chancellor of the University. The final marks
will be graded using an absolute grading
system. The Constitution and composition of
the moderation board will be dealt with
separately.
7. Registration and Enrollment
7.1 Except for the first semester, registration
and enrollment will be done in the beginning
of the semester as per the schedule
announced by the University.

(iii) During the meetings, the student

members shall express the opinions
and suggestions of the class students
to improve the teaching / learning
process.
6. Grading
6.1 A grading system as below will be adhered
to.

7.2 A student will be eligible for enrollment

only if he/she satisfies regulation 10
(maximum duration of the programme) and
will be permitted to enroll if (i) he/she has
cleared all dues in the Institute, Hostel &
Library up to the end of the previous semester
and (ii) he/she is not debarred from
enrollment by a disciplinary action of the
University.

6.2 GPA & CGPA

GPA is the ratio of the sum of the product of
the number of credits Ci of course i and
the grade points Pi earned for that course
taken over all courses i registered by the
student to the sum of Ci for all i . That is,

7.3. Students are required

registration form duly filled in.
8. Registration requirement

to

submit

8.1. (i) A Full time student shall not register

for less than 16 credits or more than 26
credits in any given semester.

M.B.A. (Full Time)

M.B.A. (Part Time)

10

8.1. (ii) A part time student shall not register

for less than 10 credits or more than 20
credits in any given semester.

M.C.A.
(Full - Time)
M.C.A
(Part Time)

12

14

8.2 If a student finds his/her load heavy in any

semester, or for any other valid reason,
he/she may withdraw from the courses within
three weeks of the commencement of the
semester with the written approval of his/her
Faculty Advisor and HOD. However the
student should ensure that the total number of
credits registered for in any semester should
enable him/her to earn the minimum number
of credits per semester for the completed
semesters.

11. Temporary discontinuation

11.1. A student may be permitted by the
Director(Academic)
to
discontinue
temporarily from the programme for a
semester or a longer period for reasons of ill
health or other valid reasons. Normally a
student will be permitted to discontinue from
the programme only for a maximum
duration of two semesters.
12. Discipline

9. Minimum requirement to continue the

programme

12.1. Every student is required to observe

discipline and decorum both inside and outside
the campus and not to indulge in any activity
which will tend to bring down the prestige of
the University.
12.2. Any act of indiscipline of a student
reported to the Director(Academic) will be
referred to a Discipline Committee so
constituted. The Committee will enquire into
the charges and decide on suitable
punishment if the charges are substantiated.
The committee will also authorize the
Director(Academic) to recommend to the Vice Chancellor the implementation of the decision.
The student concerned may appeal to the Vice
Chancellor whose decision will be final. The
Director(Academic) will report the action taken
at the next meeting of the Council.

9.1. For those students who have not earned

the minimum required credit prescribed for
that particular semester examination, a
warning letter to the concerned student and
also to his parents regarding the shortage of
his credit will be sent by the HOD after the
announcement of the results of the university
examinations.
10. Maximum duration of the programme
The minimum and maximum period for the
completion of various programs are given
below.

Program
M.Tech
(Full - time)
M.Tech
(Part - time)

Min.
Max.
No. of
No. of
Semesters Semesters
4

10

12.3. Ragging and harassment of women are

strictly prohibited in the University campus and
hostels.

13. Attendance

seven
instructional
programme/activity.

13.1. A student whose attendance is less

than 75% is not eligible to appear for the
end semester examination for that
semester. The details of all students who
have attendance less than 75% will be
announced by the teacher in the class.
These details will be sent to the concerned
HODs and Dean.

days

after

the

14. Assessment Procedure

14.1. The Academic Council will decide
from time to time the system of tests and
examinations in each subject in each
semester.
14.2. For each theory course, the
assessment will be done on a continuous
basis as follows:

13.2. Those who have less than 75%

attendance will be considered for condonation
of shortage of attendance. However a
condonation of 10% in attendance will be
given on medical reasons. Application for
condonation recommended by the Faculty
Advisor, concerned faculty member and the
HOD is to be submitted to the
Director(Academic) who, depending on the
merits of the case, may permit the student
to appear for the end semester examination.
A student will be eligible for this concession
at most in two semesters during the entire
degree programme. Application for medical
leave, supported by medical certificate with
endorsement by a Registered Medical
Officer, should reach the HOD within seven
days after returning from leave or, on or
before the last instructional day of the
semester, whichever is earlier.

Test / Exam

Duration
Weightage of Test /
Exam

First Periodical Test*

Second Periodical
Test*

10%

2 Periods

10%

2 Periods

Model exam

20%

3 hours

Seminar/
Assignments/Quiz

20%

End semester
50%
3 Hours
examination
* Best out of the two tests will be
considered.
14.3. For practical courses, the assessment
will be done by the subject teachers as below:
(i) Weekly assignment/Observation note book /
lab records weightage 60%.
(ii) End semester examination of 3 hours
duration including viva weightage 40%.
15.
Make
up
Examination/model
examination

13.3. As an incentive to those students who

are involved in extracurricular activities such
as representing the University in Sports and
Games, Cultural Festivals, and Technical
Festivals, NCC/ NSS events, a relaxation of
up to 10% attendance will be given subject
to the condition that these students take
prior approval from the officer in-charge.
All
such
applications
should
be
recommended by the concerned HOD and
forwarded to Director(Academic) within

15.1. Students who miss the end-semester

examinations / model examination for valid
reasons are eligible for make-up examination
/model examination. Those who miss the endsemester examination / model examination
should apply to the Head of the Department
concerned within five days after he / she
6

missed examination,
absence.

giving

reasons

for

passed the course and earned the specified

credits for the course.

15.2 Permission to appear for make-up

examination / model exam will be given
under exceptional circumstances such as
admission to a hospital due to illness.
Students should produce a medical
certificate issued by a Registered Medical
Practitioner certifying that he/she was
admitted to hospital during the period of
examination / model exam and the same
should be duly endorsed by parent /
guardian and also by a medical officer of the
University within 5 days.

17.2 After the valuation of the answer

scripts, the tabulated results are to be
scrutinized by the Result Passing Boards of
PG programmes constituted by the ViceChancellor. The recommendations of the
Result Passing Boards will be placed before
the Standing Sub Committee of the
Academic Council constituted by the
Chancellor for scrutiny. The minutes of the
Standing Sub Committee along with the
results are to be placed before the ViceChancellor for approval. After getting the
approval of the Vice-Chancellor, the results
will be published by the Controller of
Examination/Registrar.

16. Project evaluation

16.1. For Project work, the assessment will
be done on a continuous basis as follows:
Review / Examination
First Review
Second Review
Third Review
End semester Examination

17.3 If a candidate fails to secure a pass in

a course due to not satisfying the minimum
requirement
in
the
end
semester
examination, he/she shall register and reappear for the end semester examination
during the following semester. However,
the sessional marks secured by the
candidate will be retained for all such
attempts.

Weightage
10%
20%
20%
50%

For end semester exam, the student will

submit a Project Report in a format
specified by the Director(Academic). The
first three reviews will be conducted by a
Committee constituted by the Head of the
Department.
The
end

semester
examination will be conducted by a
Committee constituted by the Controller of
Examinations. This will include an external
expert.

17.4 If a candidate fails to secure a pass in

a course due to insufficient sessional marks
though meeting the minimum requirements
of the end semester examination, wishes to
improve on his/her sessional marks, he/she
will have to register for the particular course
and attend the course with permission of the
HOD concerned and the Registrar. The
sessional and external marks obtained by
the candidate in this case will replace the
earlier result.

17. Declaration of results

17.1 A candidate who secures not less than
50% of total marks prescribed for a course
with a minimum of 50% of the marks
prescribed
for
the
end
semester
examination shall be declared to have
7

17.5 A candidate can apply for the

revaluation of his/her end semester
examination answer paper in a theory
course within 2 weeks from the declaration
of the results, on payment of a prescribed
fee through proper application to the
Registrar/Controller
of
Examinations
through the Head of the Department. The
Registrar/ Controller of Examination will
arrange for the revaluation and the results
will be intimated to the candidate concerned
through the Head of the Department.
Revaluation is not permitted for practical
courses and for project work.

within the minimum

programme.

duration

of

the

(ii) The award of First Class is further

subject to the candidate becoming eligible
to the award of the degree having passed
the examination in all the courses within the
below
mentioned
duration
of
the
programme.
Program

No. of
Semesters

M.Tech
(Full - time)
M.Tech
(Part - time)

5
7

18. Grade Card

M.B.A. (Full Time)

18.1. After results are declared, grade sheet

will be issued to each student, which will
contain the following details:
(i)
Program and branch for which the
student has enrolled.
(ii) Semester of registration.
(iii) List of courses registered during the
semester and the grade scored.
(iv) Semester Grade Point Average
(GPA)
(v)
Cumulative Grade Point Average
(CGPA).

M.B.A. (Part Time)

M.C.A.
(Full - Time)
M.C.A
(Part Time)

7
9

(iii) The period of authorized discontinuation

of the programme (vide clause 11.1) will not
be counted for the purpose of the above
classification.
20. Transfer of credits

19. Class / Division

20.1. Within the broad framework of these

regulations, the Academic Council, based
on the recommendation of the transfer of
credits committee so constituted by the
Chancellor may permit students to earn part
of the credit requirement in other approved
institutions of repute and status in the
country or abroad.

19.1 Classification is based on CGPA and is

as follows:
CGPA8.0: First Class with distinction
6.5 CGPA < 8.0: First Class
5.0 CGPA < 6.5: Second Class.
19.2 (i) Further, the award of First class
with distinction is subject to the candidate
becoming eligible for the award of the
degree having passed the examination in
all the courses in his/her first appearance

21. Eligibility for the award of (M.TECH /

M.B.A. / M.C.A.) Degree

21.1. A student will be declared to be

eligible for the award of the (M.TECH /
M.B.A. / M.C.A.) Degree if he/she has
i) registered and successfully credited all
the core courses,
ii) successfully acquired the credits in the
different categories as specified in the
curriculum corresponding to the
discipline (branch) of his/her study
within the stipulated time,
iii) has no dues to all sections of the
Institute including Hostels, and
iv) has no disciplinary action pending
against him/her.

The award of the degree must be

recommended by the Academic Council and
approved by the Board of Management of
the University.
22. Power to modify
22.1. Notwithstanding all that has been
stated above, the Academic Council has the
right to modify any of the above regulations
from time to time subject to approval by the
Board of Management.

M.Tech Photonics
Curriculum- Full Time Mode
Semester-I
S.
No
1
2
3
4
5
6

SUB
CODE

PMA106
PES101
PCS105
PVL102
PCS106
PCS102

COURSE TITLE

TCH

3
3
3
3
3
3

1
1
1
1
1
1

0
0
0
0
0
0
Total

4
3
4
4
4
4
24

4
4
4
4
4
4
24

Advanced Applied Mathematics

Digital Signal Processing
Material Science and Engineering
Digital CMOS Design
Solid State Devices
Advanced Radiation Systems

Semester-II
S.
No
1

SUB
CODE
PPN201

2
3
4
5
6
7

PPN202
PPN203
PPN204

PPN205

COURSE TITLE
Nonlinear optical processes and
devices
Integrated Optics
Optical detection theory
Optical Sensors
Elective-I
Elective-II
Optical Communication Lab

TCH

3
3
3
3
3
0

1
1
1
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0
3
Total

4
4
4
3
3
2
24

4
4
4
3
3
3
25

Semester-III
S.
No
1
2
3
4

SUB
CODE

PPN301

COURSE TITLE

TCH

3
3
3
0

0
0
0
0

0
0
0
12
Total

3
3
3
6
15

3
3
3
12
21

SUB TITLE

TCH

Project Work-Phase II

24
Total

12
12

24
24

Elective-III
Elective-IV
Elective-V
Project Work-Phase I

Semester-IV
S.
No
1

SUB
CODE
PPN401

Total Credit : 75
10

List of Electives
S.
No
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

SUB
CODE
PPN701
PCS103
PPN703
PPN704
PPN705
PPN706
PPN707
PPN708
PPN709
PPN710

COURSE TITLE
Laser Theory & Applications
Optical Communication Networks
Lasers in Measurements and Micromanufacturing
Integrated Optoelectronic Devices and Circuits
Coherent and Quantum Optics
Advanced Optics
Laser Applications
Optical Signal Processing and Quantum
Computing
Biomedical Laser Instrumentation
Optoelectronics

11

TCH

3
3
3

0
0
0

0
0
0

3
3
3

3
3
3

3
3
3
3
3

0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0

3
3
3
3
3

3
3
3
3
3

3
3

0
0

0
0

3
3

3
3

SEMESTER-I
ADVANCED APPLIED MATHEMATICS
L T P C
3 1 0 4
PMA106
Goal

ADVANCED APPLIED MATHEMATICS

4 Credits

Develop the Mathematical skills to formulate certain practical problems, solve them and
physically interpret the results

Objectives

Outcomes

The course should enable the student to

The students should be able to:
1. Understand the techniques to solve
1. Able to write the algorithm for solving the
the system of equations using direct
simultaneous equations for direct and
method and indirect methods. Learns
indirect methods. Identifies the Eigen
to decompose the matrix in the LU
values using conventional method and
form and to find the Eigen value of a
compares with numerical solutions. Able
matrix using power and Jacobi
to write the algorithm to find the Eigen
methods.
values of a matrix.
2. Able to form the wave equations with
2. Learn to classify the initial and
initial conditions and solve them using
boundary
value
problems.
D'Alemberts solutions. Solves the wave
Understands
the
D'Alemberts
equations using Laplace transform for
solution of the one dimensional wave
displacements in long string long string
equation. Learn significance of
under its weight and free and forced
characteristic curves.
vibrations.
3. Solves the Bessels equation and
Legendre equations. Using Bessels
3. Learn series solutions of Bessels and
function solves many practical problems
Legendre equations. Understand
that arise in electrical transmission
recurrence
relation,
generating
problems and vibration of membranes as
functions and orthogonal properties.
in loudspeakers.
4. Evaluates the probability using addition
and multiplication theorem. Applies
4. Learn basics of probability, addition
Bayes for practical problems to find the
and multiplication, Bayes theorems.
probability. Verifies whether a given
Understands the concept of random
function is a probability mass or density
variable, moment generating function
function. Applies the discrete and
and their properties. Learn standard
continuous distributions for solving
distributions
in
discrete
and
practical
problems.
Evaluates
the
continuous cases
moments of the distributions using
moment generating function.
5. Learns the different Markovian
5. Able to analyze and classify the models,
12

models with finite and infinite

capacity and understands to classify
them.

M / M / 1, M / M / C, finite and infinite

capacity and solves practical problems
related to the queuing models.

UNIT I LINEAR ALGEBRAIC EQUATION AND EIGEN VALUE PROBLEMS 12

System of Equations Solution by Gauss Elimination and Gauss Jordan methods LU
decomposition method Indirect methods Gauss Jacobi and Gauss Seidel methods Eigen
values of a matrix using Jacobi and power methods.
UNIT II WAVE EQUATION
12
Solution of initial and boundary value problems - Characteristics - D'Alembert's solution Significance of characteristic curves - Laplace transform solutions for displacement in a long
string, in a long string under its weight - a bar with prescribed force on one end - Free vibrations
of a string.
UNIT III SPECIAL FUNCTIONS
12
Series solutions - Bessel's equation - Bessel functions - Legendre's equation - Legendre
polynomials - Rodrigue's formula - Recurrence relations - Generating functions and orthogonal
property for Bessel functions of the first kind - Legendre polynomials.
UNIT IVPROBABILITY AND RANDOM VARIABLE
12
Discrete and Continuous random variables Moments Moment generating functions Standard distributions - Binomial, Poisson, Geometric, Negative Binomial, Uniform, Normal
,Exponential, Gamma and Weibull distributions Two dimensional random variables Joint,
Marginal and Conditional distributions. Correlation and Regression.
UNIT V QUEUING THEORY
12
Markovian models Birth and death queuing models Steady state Single and Multiple
servers M/M/1 Finite and infinite capacity M/M/C finite and infinite capacity.
TOTAL: 60
REFERENCES
1) Taha, H.A., Operations Research - An Introduction ", Prentice Hall of India Ltd., 6th
Edition, New Delhi, 1997.
2) Dr.Singaravelu A., Dr.Siva Subramanian S., and Dr.Ramachandran C., Probability and
Queuing Theory, Meenakshi agency, 20th edition, January 2013.
3) Veerarajan T., Probability, Statistics and Random Processes, Tata McGraw-Hill,
second edition, 2004.
4) Grewal B.S., Higher Engineering Mathematics, Khanna Publishers, 34th edition.
5) Sankara Rao K., Introduction to Partial Differential Equations, PHI, 1995.
6) Veerarajan T., Mathematics IV, Tata McGraw-Hill, 2000.

13

DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING

LT P C
3 1 0 4
PES101

DIGITAL SIGNAL
PROCESSING

Prerequisite
Goal

Objectives
The course should enable the
students to :

4 CREDITS

To introduce the Fundamental Concepts of different

signal processing techniques using Digital Processors
and various transforms and their utility in control
systems.
Outcomes
At the end of the course the student should be able to:

(1) Study the Concept of

Signals and Systems and
their processing techniques.

(1) Understand the various types of Signals and

Systems along with their properties.

(2) Study the Sampling and

Quantization techniques and
to change the rate of
sampling.

(2) Understand the sampling and Reconstruction of

Band limited and Band pass signals along-with
sampling rate conversion procedures.

(3) Study the Characteristics

and various transform
analysis of LTI systems

(3) Understand the performance parameters of LTI

system and various Transform techniques in
Frequency domain.

(4) Study the design techniques

of IIR and FIR filters.

(4) Understand the structure and design techniques

of
IIR and FIR filters and their conversion
between domains.

(5) Study the

fundamental
concepts of real time Digital
Signal Processors.

(5) Know the various type of processors and

programming concepts.

14

UNIT I
DISCRETE TIME SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS
9
Discrete time signal- Basic definition- Some elementary Discrete Time Signals-Representation
of signals-Discrete time systems- Basic operation sequences-linear systems-Time invariant
systems-Causal systems-Stable systems- Linear time invariant systems-Properties of LTI
systems- Linear Constant Coefficient Difference Equations-Fourier Transform Of Discrete Time
Signals - Z-Transform-Inverse Z-Transform
UNIT II
SAMPLING OF CONTINUOUS TIME SIGNALS
9
Periodic Sampling-Reconstruction of Band Limited Signal from its samples- Sampling of Band
Pass signals-Sampling rate conversion-Decimation by decimation factors- Inter polarization by
an integer Factor-Sampling rate conversion by rational Factor-Sampling rate conversion of Band
pass signals-A/D Conversion- Quantization -Coding-D/A conversion.
UNIT III TRANSFORM ANALYSIS OF LTI SYSTEMS
9
Ideal filter characteristics-System function and frequency response of LTI systems-Stability and
Causality-All pass systems-Minimum phase systems-Discrete Fourier Transform-Relationship
between DFT and Fourier Transform of a Discrete Time Signal-Frequency analysis of signals
using DFT-Fast Fourier Transform.
UNIT IV
DESIGN OF FILTERS
9
Block Diagram and signal flow graph representation- Basic structure of IIR Systems-Basic
Structure of FIR Systems-Design of FIR Filters -Design of FIR filter by windowing-Classical
continuous -Time Low Pass Filter Approximations-Conversion of transfer functions from
continuous to discrete Time frequency Transformations of Low Pass Filters.
UNIT V
PRACTICAL DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSORS
9
Fundamentals of Fixed Point DSP architecture-Fixed Point representation of numbersArithmetic computation- Memory accessing-Pipelining of instructions-Features of example
processors- Floating point DSPs-Floating point Representation of numbers- Comparison of
DSPs.
L = 45, T=15, TOTAL=60
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Oppenheim and RW Scaffer- Digital Signal Processing-PHI,2000
2. Proakis And Manolakis Digital Signal Processing: principles, Algorithms and applications
PHI,1992
REFERENCE:
1. Rabiner and Gold-Theory and Application of Digital Processing-PHI,1975.

15

MATERIAL SCIENCE &ENGINEERING

LTPC
3 1 04
MATERIAL SCIENCE
&ENGINEERING
-

PCS105
Prerequisite

4 CREDITS

Goal
Objectives
The course should enable the students to
1. Students get the knowledge of
Engineering Materials, Basic
Structure, Properties and
Performance also, about bonding
structures
2. Students are exposed to detailed
study on cubic and non-cubic
structures Polymorphism, Unit
Cell Geometry, Crystal
Directions, Planes, Diffraction,
Also exposure to Imperfection in
crystalline Materials, Order and
Disorder in Polymers, Solid
Solutions, in Ceramic and
Metallic Compounds and
Polymers.
3. Exposure to Conductivity and
Energy Bands, Intrinsic &
Extrinsic Semiconductors, and
exposure to magnetic materials
properties, domain, ceramic
magnets, metallic magnets and
dia magnetism
4. Students study in detail about
dielectric and optical ceramics
and polymer.

Outcomes
At the end of the course the student should be
able to:
1. Differentiate the materials based on
structure, properties and performance and
bonding.
2. Awareness about cubic and non-cubic
Polymorphism, Disorder in Metallic
Structures, Polymers and Solutions
3. Capable of analyzing depth of conduction
in materials about magnetics
4. Knowledge about optical properties of
dielectric materials, polarization, and
about the optical properties of ceramic
dielectric transparent materials, Light
Emitting Solids.
5. Students gain the knowledge about
engineering materials under various
conditions, effect of corrosion and
control.

16

5. Exposure is given about Material

Service Performance, Corrosion
and Control, Effect of
Temperatures and radiation

Unit :1
Introduction to Material Science and Engineering
Materials and Civilization, Materials and Engineering, Structure, Properties and Performance,
Types of Materials
Atomic Bonding and Co-ordination
Atoms, Ions, Molecules, Macromolecules (Polymers), Three-dimensional bonding, Interatomic
distances, Generalizations based on Atomic Bonding.
Unit :2
Crystals
Cubic & Non-Cubic Structures, Polymorphism, Unit Cell Geometry, Crystal Directions, Crystal
Planes, X-Ray Diffraction.
Disorder in Solid Phase
Imperfection, Non-crystalline Materials, Order and Disorder in Polymers, Solid Solutions, Solid
Solutions in Ceramic and Metallic Compounds, Solid Solutions in Polymers.

Unit :3
Conduction Materials
Charge Carriers Metallic Conductivity Energy Bands, Intrinsic & Extrinsic Semiconductors,
Semiconductor Processing.
Magnetic Properties of Ceramics and Metals
Magnetic Materials, Magnetic Domains Ceramic Magnets, Metallic Magnets, Dia Magnetism.
Unit :4
Dielectric and Optical Properties of Ceramics and Polymers
17

Dielectric Materials, Polarization Polymeric Dielectrics, Transparent Materials, Light Emitting

Solids.
Unit : 5
Performance of Materials in Service
Service Performance, Corrosion, Corrosion Control, Performance at High Temperatures,
Performance of Polymers. Performance of Ceramics at High Temperature, Radiation Damage
Text :
1. Lawrence H.Van Vlack Elements of Materials Science and Engineering, Addison
Wesley Publishing Company (Latest Edition)
References:
1. B.D. Cullity, Introduction to Magnetic Materials, Addison Wesley Publishing Company
2. M.I.T. Press, Cambridge, Encyclopedia of Materials Science and Engineering
3. L.H.Vanvleck, Materials for Engineers Concepts & Applications
4. OH. Wyahand D.Dew-Hugnes, Metals, Ceramics & Polymers Cambridge, Unit Press.
DIGITAL CMOS DESIGN
L T P C
3 1 0 4
PVL102

DIGITAL CMOS DESIGN

Prerequisite

Goal

The student will get to know the CMOS process

technology, CMOS Transistor theory and design
of combinational and sequential circuits using
CMOS and the basics of verilog programming
language.
Objectives

Outcomes

18

4 CREDITS

The course should enable the students to

6. Study the concept of CMOS

transistor theory and CMOS
process technology
7. Study the concept of CMOS
inverter and the design of
combinational logic circuits ,
8. Study the concept of sequential
circuits with timing issues,
clocking strategies and pipeline
techniques,

At the end of the course the student should be able

to:
6. Understand the concept of CMOS
transistor theory and CMOS process
technology,
7. Understand the concept of CMOS inverter
and able to draw stick diagram for the
logic gates and design of combinational
logic circuits,
8.

Understand the concept of sequential

circuits with timing issues, clocking
strategies and pipeline techniques,

9. Study the concept of arithmetic

building blocks,

9. Understand the concept of arithmetic

blocks and also able to design the
arithmetic blocks,

10. Study the concept of Verilog

HDL language.

10. Understand the concept of verilog HDL

language and able to write verilog code.

UNIT I MOS TRANSISTOR THEORY AND PROCESS TECHNOLOGY

NMOS and PMOS transistors, Threshold voltage Body effect- Design equations Second order
effects, MOS models and small signal AC characteristics-Basic CMOS technology

UNIT II CMOS INVERTER AND COMBINATIONAL LOGIC

NMOS and CMOS inverters, Stick diagram, Propagation delay, Examples of combinational logic
design, Pass transistor logic Power dissipation
UNIT III SEQUENTIAL LOGIC CIRCUITS

Static and Dynamic Latches and Registers, Timing Issues, Pipelines, Clocking strategies,
Synchronous and Asynchronous Design.
UNIT IV DESIGNING ARITHMETIC BUILDING BLOCKS

Datapath circuits, Architectures for Adders, Accumulators, Multipliers, Barrel Shifters, Memory
Architectures, and Memory control circuits
UNIT V VERILOG HARDWARE DESCRIPTION LANGUAGE
19

Overview of digital design with Verilog HDL, Hierarchical modeling concepts, Modules and
port definitions, Gate level modeling, Data flow modeling, Behavioral modeling, Task &
functions, Test Bench.
TOTAL:60
REFERENCES:
1. Jan Rabaey, Anantha Chandrakasan, B Nikolic, Digital Integrated Circuits: A Design
Perspective. Second Edition, Feb 2003, Prentice Hall of India.
2. N.Weste, K. Eshraghian, Principles of CMOS VLSI Design. Second Edition, 1993
Addision Wesley,
3. M J Smith, Application Specific Integrated Circuits, Addisson Wesley, 1997
4. Samir Palnitkar, Verilog HDL, Pearson Education, 2nd Edition, 2004.
5. Eugene D.Fabricius, Introduction to VLSI Design, McGraw Hill International
Editions, 1990.
6. Pucknell, Basic VLSI Design, Prentice Hall of India Publication, 1995.

SOLID STATE DEVICES

LTPC
3104
PCS106
Goal

SOLID STATE DEVICES

4 CREDITS

The aim of this course is to familiarize the student with the principle of
operation, capabilities and limitation of various electron devices so that he will
be able to use these devices effectively.
Objectives

Outcomes

20

The course should enable the student to

The students should be able to:
1. Learn about motion of charge in
6. Calibrate force and motion of a charge in
electric and microtic field effect of
electric and magnetic fields, carrier
force and moving charge calculation
densities in intrinsic and extrinsic
of cyclotron frequency, electro static
semiconductor, implementing mass action
magnetic deflection sensitivity, Fermi
law.
- Dirac probability distribution
7. Apply law of electrical neutrality
function, thermal generation intrinsic
calculation of location of Fermi level and
semiconductors, mass action law
hole densities in extrinsic semiconductors
2. Learn Energy band structure of
as well as mobility, drift current, diffusion
materials,
Electrical
neutrality,
current, use of continuity equation and
calculation of fermi level hole
hall effect, evaluate the conduction of PN
electron, mobility drift current,
Junction as a function of temperature.
conductivity diffusion current Hall
8. Evaluate the characteristics of given diode
effect, band structure of PN Junction,
for application
temperature depend in characteristics.
9. Analyze the characteristics of given
3. Learn Calculation of transition and
transistor, at critical voltage and current
diffusion capacitance, characteristics
values as required by the applications.
of varactor diode, avalanche and zener
10. Evaluate ohmic contact characteristics,
breakdown, effect of temperature and
power control device characteristics and
breakdown, Effect of light and
application
tunneling effect.
4. Learn junction transistors, current
components, gain-with modulation
Breakdown characteristics, Ebers
Moll model, Transistor switching
times. Characteristics of JFET, pinch
off voltage and drain current
MOSFETs
5. Learn charectersistics of ohmic
contacts, semiconductor powercontrol
devices such as UJT, SCR Triac and
Diac.

UNIT I ELECTRON BALLISTICS AND INTRINSIC SEMICONDUCTORS

9
Force on charge in electric field Motion of Charge in uniform and time varying electric fields
Force on a moving charge in a magnetic field calculation of cyclotron frequency calculation
of electrostatic and magnetic deflection sensitivity.
Energy band structure of conductors, semiconductors and insulators Density distribution of
available energy states in semiconductors Fermi- Dirac probability distribution function at
different temperatures Thermal generation of carriers Calculation of electron and hole
densities in intrinsic semiconductors Intrinsic concentration Mass Action Law.
UNIT II EXTRINSIC SEMICONDUCTOR AND PN JUNCTIONS
9
N and P type semiconductors and their energy band structures Law of electrical neutrality
Calculation of location of Fermi level and free electron and hole densities in extrinsic
21

semiconductors Mobility, drift current and conductivity Diffusion current Continuity

equation - Hall effect.
Band structure of PN Junction Current Component in a PN Junction Derivation of diode
equation Temperature dependence of diode characteristics.
UNIT III SWITCHING CHARACTERISTICS OF PN JUNCTION AND SPECIAL
DIODES
9
Calculation of transition and diffusion capacitance Varactor diode charge control description
of diode switching characteristics of diode Mechanism of avalanche and Zener breakdown
Temperature dependence of breakdown voltages Backward diode Tunneling effect in thin
barriers Tunnel diode Photo diode Light emitting diodes.
UNIT IV BIPOLAR JUNCTION TRANSISTORS AND FIELD EFFECT
TRANSISTORS
9
Construction of PNP and NPN transistors BJT current components Emitter to collector and
base to collector current gains Base width modulation CB and CE characteristics Breakdown
characteristics Ebers Moll model Transistor switching times.
Construction and Characteristics of JFET Relation between Pinch off Voltage and drain current
Derivation. MOSFET Enhancement and depletion types.
UNIT V METAL SEMICONDUCTOR CONTACTS AND POWER CONTROL
DEVICES
9
Metal Semiconductor Contacts - Energy band diagram of metal semiconductor junction Schottky
diode and ohmic contacts.
Power control devices: Characteristics and equivalent circuit of UJT - intrinsic stand off ratio.
PNPN diode Two transistor model, SCR, Triac, Diac.
L = 45, TOTAL = 45
TEXT BOOK
Jacob Millman & Christos C.Halkias, Electronic Devices and Circuits Tata McGrawHill,
1991 .
REFERENCES
1. Nandita Das Gupta and Amitava Das Gupta, Semiconductor Devices Modeling
2. and Technology, Prentice Hall of India, 2004.
3. Donald A.Neaman, Semiconductor Physics and Devices 3rd Ed., Tata McGraw-Hill,
2002.
4. S.Salivahanan, N.Sureshkumar and A.Vallavaraj, Electronic Devices and Circuits, TMH,
1998.
5. S.M.Sze, Semiconductor Devices Physics and Technology, 2nd edn. John Wiley, 2002.
6. Ben G.Streetman and Sanjay Banerjee, Solid State Electronic Devices, Pearson
Education 2000.

22

ADVANCED RADIATION SYSTEMS

PCS102
Prerequisite
Goal

ADVANCED RADIATION SYSTEMS

LTPC
3 10 4
4 CREDITS

Antennas & Propagation

To make the student knowledge be in various types of antennas used in
communication
Objectives
Outcomes

23

The course should enable the students to:

At the end of the course the students

:
1. Review the fundamentals of E.M.
1.Must become familiar with fundamental
radiation
and specifications for antennas
2. Reason for using arrays types and
2. Must become knowledgeable for reasons
advantages
for going for arrays and their advantages &
3. Discuss the operative types of
disadvantages.
Antennas
3. Should have knowledge of several aperture
4. Have knowledge about micro strip
type antennas and their advantages.
antennas and their advantages.
4. Understand the various micro strip
5. Discuss and appreciate polarization as
antennas and typical uses for them.
related to antennas and exploit it.
5. Familiar with polarization and its
utilization in increasing bandwidth.

UNIT I
CONCEPTS OF RADIATION
9
Retarded vector potentials Heuristic approach and Maxwells equation approach. The Lorentz
gauge condition. Vector potential in Phasor form. Fields radiated by an alternating current
element. Total power radiated and radiation resistance. Radiation from Half wave dipole from
assumed current distribution. Power radiated in the farfield. Electric vector potential F for a
magnetic current source M. Far zone fields due to magnetic source M.
UNIT II
ANTENNA ARRAYS
9
N element linear arrays uniform amplitude and spacing. Phased arrays. Directivity of
Broadside and End fire arrays. Three dimensional characteristics. Binomial arrays and DolphTchebycheff arrays. Circular array. Antenna Synthesis- Line source and discretization of
continuous sources. Schelkunoff polynomial method. Fourier transform method.
UNIT III
APERTURE ANTENNAS
9
Magnetic current Duality. Electric and Magnetic current sheets as sources. Huyghens source.
Radiation through an aperture in an absorbing screen. Fraunhoffer and Fresnel diffraction. Cornu
Spiral. Complimentary screens and slot antennas. Slot and dipoles as dual antennas. Babinets
principle. Fourier transform in aperture antenna theory.
UNIT IV
HORN, MICROSTRIP, REFLECTOR ANTENNAS
9
E and H plane sectoral Horns. Pyramidal horns. Conical and corrugated Horns. Multimode
horns. Phase center. Microstrip antennas feeding methods. Rectangular patch- Transmission
line model Parabolic Reflector antennas Prime focus and cassegrain reflectors. Equivalent
focal length of Cassegrain antennas. Spillover and taper efficiencies. Optimum illumination.
UNIT V
ANTENNA POLARIZATION
9
Simple relationship involving spherical triangles. Linear, Elliptical and circular polarization.
Development of the Poincare sphere. Representation of the state of polarization in the Poincare
sphere. Random polarization Stokes parameters.
L=45, T=15, TOTAL= 60
TEXT BOOKS:
24

1. Balanis, C.A., Antenna Theory Wiley, 2003

2. Jordan, E.C., Electromagnetic waves and Radiating systems. PHI 2003
REFERENCES:
1. Krauss, J.D., Radio Astronomy McGraw-Hill 1966, (UNIT V)
2. Krauss, J.D.,, Fleisch, D.A., Electromagnetics McGraw-Hill,1999

PPN201-Nonlinear Optical Processes and Devices

LTPC
3 1 04
AIM
To study nonlinear optical devices and processes
Objectives

25

To provide theoretical background to understand and predict a host of optical nonlinear

phenomena
To bridge the gap between usual optics and the modern applications of optics in spectroscopy and
photonics

UNIT-I

Introduction to Nonlinear processes and devices

Interaction of light with matter, optical wave propagation in material media, effects of nonlinearity coupling of waves, qualitative description of intensity dependent refraction and absorption, revision of
main ideas in linear optics especially anisotropic media and dispersion effects on propagation of a wave
packet.
UNIT-II

Non-linear Optical Response of a Medium

Steady state response functions and susceptibility tensors and their quantum mechanical expressions,
symmetry, examples of physical processes represented by a given susceptibility tensor
UNIT-III

Second and Third Order Nonlinear Optical Processes

Generation of second harmonic and sum and difference frequency, parametric amplification, phase
matching, Maker fringes, quasi-phase matching and periodically poled crystals, optical parametric
oscillator.
Intensity dependent refraction and absorption, self-focusing, Four wave frequency mixing processes
including degenerate four wave mixing and optical phase conjugation, optical Kerr Effect and its
applications in ultra-short pulse generation and characterization, stimulated Raman and Brillouin
scattering, nonlinear spectroscopy methods and their applications.
UNIT-IV

Non-Linear Optical Effects in Fibers

Stimulated Raman and Brillouin Scattering as loss, soliton propagation in optical fibers, supercontinuum
generation and its applications. Non linear effects in Photonic crystal fiber (PCF)
UNIT-V

Extreme Non-linear Optics

Ultra intense laser interaction with atomic systems, above threshold ionization, introduction to laser
plasma interaction, higher harmonic generation.
References:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

R.W.Boyd, Nonlinear Optics, third edition, Academic, (2008).

N. Bloembergen, Nonlinear Optics, 4th edition, World Scientific (1996).
G. P.Agarwal, Nonlinear Fiber Optics, 4th edition, Academic (2007).
R. L. Sutherland, Handbook of Nonlinear Optics, 2nd edition, Marcel Dekker (2003).
Y. R.Shen, Principles of Nonlinear Optics, Wiley (1984).
M.Wegner, Extreme nonlinear optics, Springer (2005).

26

L=45, T=15, TOTAL=60

PPN202-Integrated Optics
LTPC
3 1 04
AIM

To study OICs, materials and fabrication technology

27

Objectives
To study photonic integrated circuits in detail
To develop an understanding on materials and fabrication technology for OIC
Study the fundamentals of micro and nano phtonics
UNIT-I

Introduction to Photonic Integrated Circuits

Analysis of optical waveguides and devices. Planar waveguides, chanel waveguides, graded index
,waveguides, coupled mode theory, variational method, beam propagation method

UNIT-II

Materials and fabrication Technology

General fabrication steps, Photolithography, Ti: LiNbO3 process, Proton exchange process, Silicon based
IC process, Compound semicondutor process, Solgel and other processes.
UNIT-III
Dynamic and active Devices
Electro-optic devices, Acousto-optic devices, Thermo-optic and magneto-optic device, integrated optical
amplifiers. Applications to communication, sensors, optical computing.
UNIT-IV

Optical Integrated Circuits

OICs

Non-linear integrated circuits, optoelectronic integrated circuits, silicon based PICs

UNIT-V

Micro and Nanophotonics

Nanophotonic structures, MOEMS, biophotonic applications, recent developments in PICs

References:
1. C R Pollock and M Lipson: Integrated photonics, Kluwer Pub, 2003.
2. T Tamir, Guided wave opto-electronics, Springer Verilag, 1990.
L=45, T=15, TOTAL=60

PPN203-Optical Radiation & Detection Theory

LTPC
3 1 04
AIM
To develop an in-depth knowledge on various optical detection techniques
Objectives
28

To Study the mathematical models of turbulence

Study signal and noise analysis in optical detection
To study single and multi-pulse detection principles

UNIT-I

Introduction to Probability and Statistics

Review of statistical methods, stationary and ergodic systems, Matched filter theory. Decision making
processes, optical Detction techniques
UNIT-II

Signal and Noise Analysis

Diffraction theory, Free Space propagation, Fourier optics and the array theorem. Analysis of coherent
detection systems, Analysis of Direct detection systems.
UNIT-III
Random Processes in Beam Propagation
Surface scattering, Integrated speckle intensity, speckle correlation diameter. Propagation thorugh
turbulent media- weak turbulence theory, MCF, Aperture averaging in direct detection systems, beam
wander. Strong turbulence theory
UNIT-IV

Single Pulse Detection Statistics

Single point statistics of fully developed speckle. Poisson signal in Poisson noise, Detection of signals in
APD excess noise, Detection in atmospheric turbulence
UNIT-V
Multi Pulse Detection
Direct detection systems, Poisson signal in Poisson noise, Coherent detection systems, Swerling case 0
model, Swerling case 1 Model, Swerling case II model.
References:
1. Gregory Roche, Optical detection theory for laser applications Wiley Interscience, Wiley
Series in Pure and Applied Optics, 1st Edition, 2002.
2. Larry C. Andrews, Ronald L. Phillips Laser beam Propagation through random media, SPIE
Press, 2005
L=45, T=15, TOTAL=60
PPN204-Optical Sensors
LTPC
3 1 04
AIM
Develop an understanding of optical fiber sensors
Objectives
29

To study the fundamentals of optical sensors

To study Fabry-perot sensors
To study polarimetric sensors
Study various applications of optical fiber sensors

UNIT-I
Introduction to fibre sensors
Fiber Bragg gratings, long period gratings and their applications. FBG and LPG multiplexing techniques.
Interferrometric fiber optic sensors- Mach-Zender and Michelson Interferometers.
UNIT-II
Fabry-Perot Interferometer Sensors
Fabry-Perot Interferometer -theory and sensor configurations. Optimal interrogation methods and
multiplexing techniques. Embedded sensors.
UNIT-III
Polarimetric Sensors
Polarization, Jones Matrix calculations, Birefrigent Optical fiber, Polarimetric sensors, Temperature
sensing, Coherence, Impact detection. Optical current measurement, Optical vltage sensor, Optical
network instability diagnosis.
UNIT-IV
Interrogation Techniques
Passive detection schemes- The use of linearly dependent devices, Power detection, CCD spectrometer
interrogator. Active detection schemes Acousto optic tunable filter interrogator, matched fiber Bragg
grating pair interrogator. Michelson Interferometer interrogator.
UNIT-V
Applications of Fiber Optic Sensors
Applications to large composite and concrete structures- Mines, Dams, Aircraft etc. Applications to
electric power industry- load monitoring of power transmission lines, winding temperature measurement,
electric current measurement. Applications to medicine- Temperature, ultrasound. Chemical sensing.
Applications to oil and gas industry.
References:
1. Shizhuo Yin, Paul B Ruffin, Francis T. S. Yu Fiber Optic Sensors, CRC Press, Taylor &
Francis group, 2nd edition, 2008
2. Wojtek J Bock, Israel Gannot, Stoyan Tanev Optical waveguide sensing and Imaging, Springer,
2006
L=45, T=15, TOTAL=60
PPN205-Optical Communication Lab
LTPC
0 0 31
AIM
To become familiar with basics of optical communication and optical links and to develop an in depth
knowledge on various optical communication techniques and their performance analysis
30

Objectives
To Set up optical links, both analog and digital
To study the characteristics of optical sources
To perform the BER analysis of various coding techniques
To study digital modulation techniques employed in optical communication
Study OCDA and OTDM
To study DWDM, CWDM and Raman amplifiers

List of Experiments:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.

Setting up of fiber optic analog link & digital link

Measurement of optical power in different type of fibers
Characteristics of optical sources LED,LASER
Measurement of eye pattern and bit error rate
Study of Manchester coding and decoding
Optical detector characteristics
Measurement of numerical aperture (NA) of optical fiber, axial separation and angular missalignment loss of plastic optical fibers.
Performance analysis of coherent optical communication systems, PM-QPSK, PM-BPSKPMQAM.
Optical code division multiple access (OCDA) and OTDM.
Simulation of passive optical networks (PON)
DWDM system with EDFA amplifier
CWDM system with EDFA, Raman amplifiers

References:
1. Gerd Keiser, Optical Fiber Communications, McGraw Hill Higher education, 4th edition, 2010
2. John M Senior, Optical Fiber Communications, Pearson education, 3rd edition, 2011
3. Gerd Keiser, Optical Fiber Communications, McGraw Hill giher education, 4th edition, 2010
4. John M Senior, Optical Fiber Communications, Pearson education, 3rd edition, 2011

Total = 45

SEMESTER III
PROJECT WORK (PHASE I)
LT P C
0 0 12 6
PPN301

PROJECT WORK(PHASE I)

Prerequisite
31

6 CREDITS

To develop the students skills and enable innovation in design and

fabrication work from the theoretical and practical skill acquired from the
previous semesters.
Objectives
Outcomes
The course should enable the students to:
At the end of the course the student should be
able to:
1. Select and work on real life
1. Appreciate various aspects of the
application in the field of Electronics
curriculum which support students in
& Communication,
increasing their mastery,
2. Implement their skills acquired in
2. Get an idea and develop confidence
the previous semesters to practical
in designing, analyzing and executing
problems,
the project,
3. Apply and enhance the knowledge
3. Develop knowledge of latest trends in
acquired in the related field,
fabrication and relate their ideas to
4. Make the students come up with new
industrial applications,
ideas in their area of interest.
4. Have complete understanding of
making a product.
NOTE:
The objective of the project work is to enable the students on a project involving theoretical
and experimental studies related to the branch of study. Every project work shall have a guide
who is the member of the faculty of the institution. Twelve hours per week shall be allotted in
the time table and this time shall be utilized by the students to receive the directions from the
guide, on library reading, laboratory work, computer analysis or field work as assigned by the
guide and also to present in periodical seminars on the progress made in the project.
Each student will be assigned any one of the following types of project/thesis work:
(a) Industrial case study
(b) Preparation of a feasibility report
(c) Thesis by experimental research, and
(d) Design and development of equipment.
Each report must contain student's own analysis or design presented in the approved format.
Sessional marks will include
(a) Evaluation of the student's progress,
(b) Degree of involvement and participation,
(c) Merit of the project.
Goal

A student will have to defend his/her project/thesis and credit will be given on the merits of
presentation and viva-voce examination.

SEMESTER IV
PROJECT WORK (PHASE II)
LT P C
0 0 24 12
PPN401

PROJECT WORK(PHASE II)

Prerequisite
32

12 CREDITS

To develop the students skills and enable innovation in design and

fabrication work from the theoretical and practical skill acquired from the
previous semesters.
Objectives
Outcomes
The course should enable the students to:
At the end of the course the student should be
able to:
1. Select and work on real life
1. Appreciate various aspects of the
application in the field of Electronics
curriculum which support students in
& Communication,
increasing their mastery,
2. Implement their skills acquired in
2. Get an idea and develop confidence
the previous semesters to practical
in designing, analyzing and executing
problems,
the project,
3. Apply and enhance the knowledge
3. Develop knowledge of latest trends in
acquired in the related field,
fabrication relate their ideas to
4. Make the students come up with new
industrial applications,
ideas in his area of interest.
4. Have complete understanding of
making a product.
Goal

NOTE:
The objective of the project work is to enable the students on a project involving theoretical
and experimental studies related to the branch of study. Every project work shall have a guide
who is the member of the faculty of the institution. Twenty four hours per week shall be
allotted in the time table and this time shall be utilized by the students to receive the directions
from the guide, on library reading, laboratory work, computer analysis or field work as assigned
by the guide and also to present in periodical seminars on the progress made in the project.
Each student will be assigned any one of the following types of project/thesis work:
(a) Industrial case study
(b) Preparation of a feasibility report
(c) Thesis by experimental research, and
(d) Design and development of equipment.
Each report must contain student's own analysis or design presented in the approved format.
Sessional marks will include
(a) Evaluation of the student's progress,
(b) Degree of involvement and participation,
(c) Merit of the project.
A student will have to defend his/her project/thesis and credit will be given on the merits of
presentation and viva-voce examination.
LIST OF ELECTIVE

PPN701-LASER THEORY & APPLICATIONS

LTPC

33

3003
Aims:

To give a comprehensive overview of laser theory, laser engineering, types of laser and
associated equipment, with an emphasis on practical system design and applications of lasers.
To examine techniques for characterisation, measurement and control of laser output.
To illustrate the state of the art of laser technology via applications of lasers in industry and
research.

OBJECTIVES
On completion successful students will be able to:
Describe quantitatively the characteristics of light from pulsed and c.w lasers.
Explain quantitatively how such characteristics are produced, measured and controlled by laser
engineering.
Demonstrate an appreciation of the current state of the art in laser physics and applications.
Synthesise a variety of relevant theoretical elements in order to solve practical problems in laser
system design.
UNIT-I Introduction to LASER

Absorption, spontaneous and stimulated emission; Einstein A and B coefficients; optical gain and
population inversion; feedback and cavities; line broadening; electric oscillator model of transitions. The
laser rate equations; gain switching; Q-switching; mode locking, passive and active.
UNIT-II

Detection and Tuning of LASERs

Advanced Detection Methods- Grating-based spectrometers; etalon spectrometers; auto-correlators,

Tuning a laser -Factors affecting line centre and linewidth; mode competition; tuning techniques: prisms,
gratings, birefringent filters
UNIT-III

Single mode operation and Nn-TEM beams

Intra-cavity etalons; interferometric cavities; the 'twisted mode' cavity; pulsed systems; cavity seeding ,
Non-TEM beams, Revision of Gaussian beam propagation and Hermite-Gauss beams; Laguerre-Gaussian
beams; Bessel beams
UNIT-IV
Frequency conversion
9
Nonlinear susceptibilities; the wave equation in nonlinear optics; second harmonic generation; phasematching; effective nonlinear coefficient; intra-cavity second harmonic generation; optical parametric
oscillators (OPOs); walk-off; nonlinear materials'; OPO designs
UN IT-V

Advanced Laser Systems

Oscillator-amplifier systems; regenerative amplification; example application of advanced laser systems

References
34

Davis, C. Lasers and Electro-Optics, Cambridge University Press

Saleh & Teich, Fundamentals of Photonics, Wiley Interscience, 2nd edition, 2007
Koechner,W. Solid-State Laser Engineering, Springer, 2006
Svelto, O. Principles of Lasers, Springer, 1998
Siegman, A. Lasers, University Science Books, 1986
Wilson & Hawkes, Optoelectronics, Pearson education limited, 3rd edition, 1998

L=45,T=0, TOTAL=45

OPTICAL COMMUNICATION NETWORKS

LTPC
3003
PCS103
Prerequisite

OPTICAL COMMUNICATION NETWORKS

3 CREDITS
Fundamentals of optical communication and computer networking

35

The goal of the programme is to study the Optical network components for
Optical Network communication, study various Network architecture and
topologies for optical networks and to study the issues in the network design and
operation for wavelength routing in optical networks.
Objectives
Outcomes
The course should enable the students to:
At the end of the course the student should be
able to:
1. Understand the evolution of optical
1. Have a good knowledge on first- and
networks, first and second generation
second-generation
optical
networks.
and various developments over the
Learn the operation of couplers, isolators,
years, and various optical networking
circulators, multiplexers and filters and
components
optical amplifiers. Understand various
optical switching mechanisms and
wavelength converters.
2. Develop an in-depth knowledge on
TDM signals, Layers, Framing,
2. Solve various networking problems and to
Transport
overhead,
Alarms,
understand the concept of network
Multiplexing, Network elements,
management.
Topologies, Protection architectures
and Network Management.
Goal

3. Understand various broadcast and

select networks. How the medium is
to effectively share through various
protocols.
4. Understand the bottlenecks in
network design and wavelength
assignment.
5. Study various high capacity optical
networks and TDM techniques in
optical domain.

3. Understand single-hop, multi-hop and

shufflenet networks and media access
protocols.
4. Learn techniques for effective wavelength
assignment with existing efforts as
examples.
5. Develop clear understand on high
capacity optical networks and techniques
to realize the same.

UNIT I OPTICAL NETWORKING COMPONENTS

12
First- and second-generation optical networks, Components: couplers, isolators, circulators,
multiplexers, filters, amplifiers, switches and wavelength converters.
UNIT II SONET AND SDH NETWORKS
12
Integration of TDM signals, Layers, Framing, Transport overhead, Alarms, Multiplexing,
Network elements, Topologies, Protection architectures, Ring architectures, Network
Management.
UNIT III BROADCAST AND- SELECT NETWORKS

36

12

Topologies, Single-hop, Multihop, and Shufflenet multihop networks, Media-Access

controlprotocols, Test beds.
UNIT IV WAVELENGTH-ROUTING NETWORKS
12
Node designs, Issues in Network design and operation, Optical layer cost Tradeoffs, Routingand
Wavelength assignment, Wavelength routing test beds.
UNIT V HIGH CAPACITY NETWORKS
12
SDM, TDM, and WDM approaches, Application areas, Optical TDM Networks:
Multiplexingand demultiplexing, Synchronization, Broadcast networks, Switch-based networks,
OTDM testbeds.
TOTAL= 60
TEXT BOOK:
1. Rajiv Ramaswami and Kumar Sivarajan, Optical Networks: A practical perspective,
MorganKaufmann, 1st edition, 2001.
REFERENCES:
1. Vivek Alwayn, Optical Network Design and Implementation, Pearson Education, 2004.
2. Hussein T.Mouftab and Pin-Han Ho, Optical Networks: Architecture and Survivability,
KluwerAcademic Publishers, 2002.
3. Biswanath Mukherjee, Optical Communication Networks, McGraw Hill, 1997

LASERS IN MEASUREMENTS AND MICRO-MANUFACTURING

PPN703-LASERS IN MEASUREMENTS AND MICRO-MANUFACTURING
Goal
Objectives

To study and understand lasers and micromachining using lasers

Outcome
37

The course should enable the student to

At the end of the course the student should be able to
1. To know the basics of fundamentals of
1. Explain lasers and various kinds of LASERs
LASER
2. Understand various laser measurement systems
2. To understand interaction of light with
3. Analyze mechanism error calculation
matter
4. Write steps for micromachining
3. To learn the fundamentals of laser micro
5. To Explain MEMS technology
manufacturing
4. To understand micromachining process
5. To study the MEMS technology

UNIT -I
INTRODUCTION TO LASERS
Introduction: Basic principles of laser operation, control of laser oscillators; some specific lasers: gaseous,
liquid, solid-state, semiconductor; different pumping schemes; continuous-wave and pulsed lasers; laser
beam characteristics
UNIT-II
INTERACTION OF LASERS WITH MATERIALS
Principle of laser-aided measurement techniques: laser telemetry, light detection and ranging techniques,
laser-aided diagnostics; optical fiber based sensing; laser systems for various sensing applications; recent
advances in sensing, and electro-optic applications
UNIT-III
LASER TECHNOLOGY IN MICROMANUFACTURING
Properties of Laser light, Absorption and reflection of light, soft geometrical error compensation methods
using laser interferometer, overview of geometrical error calibration, compensation schemes, parametrical
model, experimental results.
UNIT-IV
MICROMACHINING
Introduction, Photolithography, Surface micromachining, characterizing the process, isolation layer,
sacrificial layer, selective etching, Properties, Adhesion, Stress, stiction, Wafer bonding, anodic bonding,
fusion bonding
UNIT-V
MEMS FABRICATION
Conventional MEMS fabrication using VLSI technology: lithography, chemical etching: isotropic and
anisotropic, Plasma etching, reactive ion etching (RIE), oxidation, chemical vapour deposition (CVD),
LPCVD, PECVD, surface micromachining, LIGA, single layer and higher layer fabrication. Nonconventional MEMS fabrication: laser micromachining and welding, processing of metals and nonmetals
with laser, Electro Discharge and Electro Chemical micromachining (EDM and ECM),
Microstereolithography: scanning process, dynamic mask process. Electronic
Packaging

REFERENCES
1. N. P Mahalik, Micromanufacturing and nanotechnology, Springer 2006
2. Nadim Maluf, "An Introduction to Microelectromechanical Systems Engineering," Artech House, Boston,
2000

Prerequisite

Goal

INTEGRATED OPTOELECTRONIC DEVICES AND CIRCUITS

PPN704- INTEGRATED OPTOELECTRONIC DEVICES AND CIRCUITS
Optical communications, Electromagnetic theory,
Differential equations, Solid state devices and circuits,
VLSI technology
To study photonic integrated circuits and devices
38

Objective

Outcome

The objective of the course is to

The course will enable the student to

1. Study various methods of waveguide

analysis
2. Learn various steps in chip fabrication
technology
3. Study various optical devices -active
devices
4. Study different applications of OIC
5. Study photonic integrated circuits and
MEMS technology

1. Solve differential equations governing wave

propagation thorough waveguides
2. Explain various fabrication techniques
3. Identify various optical active devices employed
in circuits
4. Explain the applications of optical integrated
circuits
5. Explain different technology in OICs

UNIT-I
ANALYSIS OF OPTICAL WAVEGUIDES DEVICES
Planar waveguides, channel waveguides, graded index waveguides, coupled mode theory, variational
method, beam propagation method.
UNIT-II
MATERIALS AND FABRICATION TECHNOLOGY
Materials, general fabrication steps, photolithography, proton exchange process, silicon based IC process,
Solgel and other processes
UNIT-III
DYNAMIC AND ACTIVE DEVICES
Electro-optic devices, Acousto-optic devices, thermo optic and magneto optic devices, integrated optical
amplifiers
UNIT-IV
APPLICATIONS OF OIC
Optical communications, fiber optic sensors, optical signal processing, optical compting
UNIT-V
INTEGRATED CIRCUITS
Nonlinear integrated circuits, optoelectronic integrated circuits, silicon based photonic integrated circuits,
nano photonic structures, MEMS, Bio photonic applications
REFERENCES:
1. C R Pollock and M Lipson: Integrated photonics, Kluwer Pub, 2003.
2. T Tamir, Guided wave opto-electronics, Springer Verlag, 1990.

COHERENT AND QUANTUM OPTICS

LTPC
3003
PPN705
COHERENT AND QUANTUM
OPTICS
39

Prerequisite

Random Process

Goal

To develop the theoretical tools necessary to analyse quantum

optical problems
Outcome

Objectives
The course should enable the student to

At the end of the course the student should be able to

To know fundamentals of quantum

optics

To enable the student to understand the Hillbert space

operators,Two- level systems and harmonic oscillators

To understand different phenomena

related
to
quantum
optical
resonance

Study Pseudo-spin formulation, Rabi flopping, Density

matrix formulation, Phenomenological damping

3
3

To learn the principle light through

classical approach

Analyze Photon counting statistics, Theory of partial

coherence in detail

To understand
dissipation

The student will know Born-Markov approximation and

Heisenberg formulation - Langevin equations.

To study the open quantum systems

5

Understanding formal theory of the density operators and

Quantum trajectories

UNIT-I

the

theory

of

FUNDAMENTALS OF QUANTUM OPTICS

Review of Quantum Mechanics: Hilbert space, operators, states, time evolution, B. Two level systems Pauli algebra, Bloch-sphere, magnetic resonance, C. Simple Harmonic Oscillator.
UNIT-II
QUANTUM OPTICAL RESONANCE
Atom-photon interaction in electric dipole approximation, Pseudo-spin formulation, Rabi flopping,
Density matrix formulation, Phenomenological damping - master equation and rate equations.
UNIT-III

NON CLASSICAL LIGHT

Photon counting statistics -- Mandel's formula, Coherent states as quasi-classical states, Phase space
methods - Quasiprobability distributions, P,Q, Wigner functions, Squeezed states.
Theory of partial coherence -- Glauber's correlation functions, Photon antibunching and resonance
fluorescence, Jaynes-Cummings model -- Dressed states, collapse and revival.
UNIT-IV

THEORY OF DISSIPATION

System reservoir interaction,Derivation of the Linblad master equation in the Born-Markov

approximation, Damped two-level atom and simple harmonic oscillators, Heisenberg formulation Langevin equations.

40

UNIT-V
OPEN QUANTUM SYSTEMS
Formal theory of the density operators, Quantum trajectories -- Unraveling the master equation,
Measurement theory and decoherence.
References:
1. Cohen-Tannoudji, Atom-Photon interactions" Wiley Intersscience, 2nd edition, 1998
2. Scully and Zubairy, "Quantum Optics", Cambridge University Press, 1997
3. Walls and Milburn "Quantum Optics", Springer, 2nd edition, 2008
4. Gerry, Christopher C., and Peter L. Knight. Introductory Quantum Optics. New York, NY:
Cambridge University Press, 2004. ISBN: 9780521527354.
5. Loudon, Rodney. The Quantum Theory of Light. Oxford, United Kingdom: Clarendon Press,
1973.
6. Louisell, William H. Quantum Statistical Properties of Radiation. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill,
1973
7. Mandel, Leonard, and Emil Wolf. Optical Coherence and Quantum Optics. New York, NY:
Cambridge University Press, 1995.
8. Nielsen, Michael A., and Isaac L. Chuang. Quantum Computation and Quantum Information.
New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 2000

L=45, TOTAL=45

ADVANCED OPTICS
PPN706-ADVANCED OPTICS
Goal

To study and understand advanced techniques in Optics

41

Objectives

Outcome

The course should enable the student to

At the end of the course the student should be able to

1. To know the basics of fundamentals of

Optics
2. To understand different methods used in
Fourier Optics
3. To learn the electromagnetic principles
behind light propagation

1. Solve problems related to ray optics and beam optics

4. To understand different light Sources

4. Solve problems related to LASERs and other light sources

5. To study the nonlinear processes in

Optics

5. Analyze various nonlinear optical processes

2. Analyze beam using Fourier optics

3. Analyze mechanism
electromagnetic theory

of

light

propagation

using

UNIT-I
INTRODUCTION TO OPTICS
Ray Optics, Helmholtz equation, Beam Optics, Introduction, Gaussian Beams, Other solution of
Helmholtz equation, Short duration beams, Alternate method for describing a beam: covariance matrix
and M2 factor
UNIT-II
FOURIER OPTICS
Harmonic analysis of a signal, Amplitude and phase modulations, Transfer function of free
space, Optical Fourier transform, Diffraction & Interference, Image shaping, Holography
UNIT-III
ELECTROMAGNETIC DESCRIPTION OF LIGHT & PROPAGATION IN
MATTER
Light in vacuum, Theory of electromagnetic beams, Light guiding, Absorption of light & Dispersion,
Optical phenomena in nonisotropic media Dichroism and birefringence- E-field effects, Acoustooptics effects, B-field effects
UNIT-IV
LASERS & OTHER LIGHT SOURCES
Interaction of light with matter, Laser dynamics, Steady-state, Pulsed laser beam, Amplifiers, Example
of laser systems
Other light sources- Radiatio from moving charged particle, Synchrotron radiation, Undulator
radiation, Free-electron laser, Thomson scattering
UNIT-V
NON LINEAR OPTICS & INTRODUCTION TO STATISTICAL OPTICS
Nonlinear optical media, 2nd order optics, 3rd order optics, wave mixing, high harmonic generation,
self-focusing and phase modulation
Statistical properties of random light, Interference of partially polarized coherent light, Transmission of
partially coherent light through optical system, Partial polarization
REFERNCES:
1.
J. Peatros, Physics of Light and Optics, (available http://optics.byu.edu/textbook.aspx)
2.
B. Saleh, and M. Teich, Fundamentals of Photonics, Wiley-Interscience,
3.
Y. B. Band, Light and Matter, Wiley and Sons 2006
4.
R. Guenther, Modern Optics, Wiley and Sons 1990
5.
H. Hecht, Optics, Wiley & Sons
LASER APPLICATIONS
PPN707-LASER APPLICATIONS
Goal

To study and understand various applications of LASER

42

Objectives

Outcome

The course should enable the student to

At the end of the course the student should be able to
1. To know various medical applications
of lasers
1. Explain medical applications of Lasers and applications in
measurement
2. To understand light matter interaction
3. To learn
applications

Holography

and

its
3. Develop methods to apply holography in various
applications

4. To understand different
applications of Lasers

industrial

5. To study the LIDAR equipment

UNIT-I

2. Explain concepts of Laser plasma interaction

4. Explain the laser welding, Laser drilling etc.

5. Solve LIDAR equation to obtain various parameters

MEDICAL APPLICAZTIONS

Laser application in medicine and surgery,material processing,optical communication,meterology

&LIDAR and holography
Laser in length measurement: Measurement of length; interferometry, surface topology &optical
component testing, beam modulation telemetry, laser Doppler velocimetry,surface velocity measurement
using speckle patterns, measurements of rate and rotation using laser gyroscope,
LIDAR.
UNIT-II

LASER PLASMA INTERACTION

Laser Plasma Interaction: Basic concepts and two-fluid description of plasmas, electromagnetic wave
propagation in plasmas, propagation of obliquely incident light waves in inhomogeneous plasmas,
collisional absorption of electromagnetic waves in plasmas, parametric excitation of electron and ion
waves, stimulated Raman scattering, stimulated Brillouin scattering, heating by plasma waves, density
profile modification, nonlinear feature of under dense plasma instabilities, electron energy transport, laser
plasma experiments
UNIT-III

HOLOGRAPHY

Holography: The wavefront reconstruction process: Inline hologram, the off axis hologram, Fourier
hologram, the lens less Fourier hologram, image hologram. The reconstructed image: Image of a point,
image magnification, orthoscopic and pseudoscopic images, effect of source size and spectral bandwidth.
Thin hologram, volume hologram, volume transmission hologram and volume refraction holograms.
Materials for recording holograms, holograms for displays, colour holography, holographic optical
elements. Holographic interferometry: Real time holographic interferometry, double exposure
holographic interferometry.
UNIT-IV

INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS
43

Laser Welding , Low Beam Intensity (Conduction Limited) Welding, Keyhole Welding - Transient Mode,
Keyhole Formation and Support, Weld Pool Dynamics , Keyhole Welding - Quasi Steady State Mode,
Industrial Applications of Laser Welding
Laser Drilling, Relation between Drilling and Welding - Edge Effect Criteria, Drilling Regimes and
Criteria, Hydrodynamic and Evaporation Dominated Drilling, Drilling with Transient and Steady State
Melt Surface Temperature, Drilling with Pico- and Femto-second Laser Pulses
UNIT-V
LIDAR
General picture of lidar remote sensing, General lidar equation, Physical processes involved in different
lidars, General lidar architecture, General solutions of lidar equation, Classification of lidars, From
photon counts to physical parameters using lidar equation,General data inversion procedure General error
analysis procedure

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
A.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.

REFERENCES:
R.M. Measures, Laser Remote Sensing: Fundamentals and Applications (John Wiley,New York, 1984).
Laser Plasma Interaction by Willian L. Kruer, Addison-Wesley Publishingh Company.
W.O.N.Giummarres, C.T.Lin and A.Mooradian, eds,Lasers and Applications
(Springer -Verlag, Berlin, 1981).
H. Moth, The Physics of Laser fusion (Academic,New York, 1979).
A K Ghatak and K. Thyagrajan, Optical Electronic s, (Cambridge University Press,1989).
Yariv, Quantum Electronics, 2nd Ed.(John Wile y, New York, 1975).
K. Iizuka, -.-Engineering Optics, Springer serie s in Optical Sciences Vol.35 (Springer Verlag, Tokyo,
1983).
R. J. Collier, Optical holography, (Academic Press, 1971).
P. Hariharan, Optical holography, (Cambridge University Press, 1984).
Laser Principles and Applications by J.Wilson and Hawkens.
Plasma Physics by F.F. Chen (Plenum Press)
Takshi Fujii and Tetsuo Fukuchi, Laser Remote Sensing, CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group

OPTICAL SIGNAL PROCESSING AND QUANTUM COMPUTING

PPN708-OPTICAL SIGNAL PROCESSING & QUANTUM COMPUTING

44

To study and understand advanced techniques in Optics

Outcome

Goal
Objectives
The course should enable the student to

At the end of the course the student should be able to

1. To know the basics of Optical

Signal Processing
2. To understand spectral analysis
different methods filtering

1. Solve problems related to Fourier transform and Ztransform

3. To understand different Heterodyne

systems

3. Explain Power spectrum analysis and heterodyne systems

4. To study the fundamentals of

quantum computing

4. Write quantum search algorithms and mechanisms

5. Learn quantum information

5. To learn the formalism and limitation of quantum

infromations

UNIT-I

2. Analyze optical spectrum and explain spatial filtering and

modulators

INTRODUCTION TO OPTICAL SIGNAL PROCESSING

Need for OSP, Fundamentals of OSP, The Fresnel Transform, Convolution and impulse response,
Transform of a slit, Fourier Transforms in Optics, Transforms of aperture functions, Inverse Fourier
Transform. Resolution criteria. A Basic Optical System, Imaging and Fourier Transform conditions.
Cascaded systems, scale of Fourier Transform Condition. Maximum information capacity and optimum
packing density.Chirp _ Z transform and system Coherence.
UNIT-II SPECTRAL ANALYSIS & FILTERING
Spectrum Analysis, Spatial light Modulators, special detector arrays. Performance parameters for
spectrum analyzers. Relationship between SNR and Dynamic range. The 2 D spectrum Analyzer.
Spatial Filtering, Linear Space Invariant systems, Parsevals theorem ,Correlation, Input/Output Spectral
Densities, Matched filtering, Inverse Filtering. Spatial Filters. Interferometers. Spatial filtering systems.
Spatial Modulators . Applications of Optical Spatial Filtering, Effects
of small displacements.
UNIT-III

HETERODYNE SYSTEMS

Heterodyne systems. Temporal and spatial interference. Optimum photo detector size, Optical radio.
Direct detection and Hetero dyne detection. Heterodyne spectrum Analysis. Spatial and temporal
Frequencies. The CW signal and a short pulse. Photo detector geometry and bandwidth. Power spectrum
analyzer using a CCD array
UNIT-IV

INTRODCUTION TO QUANTUM COMPUTING

Global Perspectives, Quantum Bits, Quantum Computation, Quantum Algorithms,Quantum Information,

Postulates of Quantum Mechanisms. Quantum Circuits Quantum algorithms, Single Orbit operations,
Control Operations, Measurement, Universal Quantum Gates, Simulation of Quantum Systems, Quantum
45

Fourier transform, Phase estimation, Applications, Quantum search algorithms Quantum counting
Speeding up the solution of NP complete problems Quantum Search for an unstructured database
UNIT-V

QUANTUM INFORMATIONS

Quantum noise and Quantum Operations Classical Noise and Markov Processes, Quantum Operations,
Examples of Quantum noise and Quantum Operations Applications of Quantum operations, Limitations
of the Quantum operations formalism, Distance Measures for Quantum information.

References
1. B. Farhang-Boroujeny, Adaptive filters:Theory and Applications, John-Wiley, 1998
2. S. Haykin. (1986), Adaptive Filters Theory Prentice-Hall.
3. Dimitris G. Manolakis, Vinay K. Ingle, Stephan M Krgon : Statistical and Adaptive Signal
Processing, Mc Graw Hill (2000)

BIOMEDICAL LASER INSTRUMENTATION

Prerequisite

PPN709-BIOMEDICAL LASER INSTRUMENTATION

Laser Physics, Biomedical instrumentation
46

Goal
Objective

To impart knowledge on laser applications in

biomedical instrumentation
Outcome

The objective of the course is to

The course will enable the student to

1. Impart fundamental knowledge on bio

1. Understand the basics physics of bio matter
matter interaction
interaction
2. To understand light induced effects in
2. Explain photosynthesized processes and other
biological tissues
light induced effects
3. Learn optical diagnostic techniques and
3. Understand the usage of optical diagnostic
instrumentation
techniques
4. Learn the applications of optical
4. Learn optical therapeutic instrumentation
therapeutic instrumentation
and applications
5. Study applications of lasers on bio
5. Explain various laser techniques used in
technology
biotechnology
UNIT-I
BASIC PHYSICS OF BIO-MATTER INTERACTION
Molecular spectral diagnostics, Laser Therapy, Laser surgery, Modeling light propagation in tissues,
Origins of tissue optical properties, Radiative transfer phenomena in tissues, Heterogeneous tissues,
Dynamics of Optical properties
UNIT-II
LIGHT INDUCED EFFECTS IN BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS
Derepression of genome and alteration of DNA template activity in nonproliferating cells by means of
UV and visible laser radiation, Photosynthesized processes in vivo: Photodiagonostic and photo
therapeutic applications, Laser induced simulation of blood platelet aggregration, investigation of skin
sensitivity due to visible and near infrared laser radiation
UNIT-III
OPTICAL DIAGONOSTIC TECHNIQUES AND INSTRUMENTATION
Reflectance spectroscopy with optical fiber devices and transcutaneous bilirubinometers, frequency
domain optical spectroscopy and imaging of tissues, fluorescence lifetime resolved imaging microscopy
(FLIM), Automation of diagnostic an therapeutic systems for medical applications of lasers, therapeutic
lasers effectiveness and dosimetry
UNIT-V
OPTICAL THERAPEUTIC INSTRUMENTATION AND APPLICATIONS
Time resolved imaging of acoustic effects induced in air and water by laser ablation of organic tissue,
980nm high power diode laser surgical applications
UNIT-V
LASER ASSISTED BIO-TECHNOLOGY
Laser technology in molecular biology, biological application of light forces
REFERENCES:
1. A.M. Verga, Scheggi, S. Martelucci, A. N. Chester and R. Pratesi, Bio medical optical
instrumentation and laser assisted bio-technology, Springer, Nato Science series E, 1996
2. R. Khandpur, Biomedical instrumentation- technology and applications, McGraw Hill, 2005

OPTOELECTRONICS
LTPC
3003
47

PPN710
OPTOELECTRONICS
Prerequisite
Goal
Objectives
The course should enable the student to
1. To know the basics of solid state
physics and understand the nature
and characteristics of light
2. To understand different methods of
luminescence, display devices and
laser types and their applications
3. To learn the principle of optical
detection mechanism in different
detection devices
4. To understand different light
modulation techniques and the
concepts and applications of optical
switching
5. To study the integration process and
application
of
optoelectronic
integrated circuits in transmitters
and receivers.

Basic knowledge of optical signals, Electromagnetic theory and IC

fabrication techniques
Outcome
At the end of the course the student should be able to
1. To enable the student to understand the wave nature of
light, Study the quantum mechanical treatment of light
2. Study Electro Luminescence, Injection Luminescence,
Injection Luminescence, Investigate Laser Emission,
Absorption, Radiation, Population Inversion, Optical
Feedback, Threshold condition
3. Analyze mechanism of operation of Photo detector,
Thermal detector, Photo Devices, Photo Conductors,
Photo diodes, Study their performance
4. The student will know Analog and Digital Modulation,
Electro-optic modulators, Solve problems related to
Optical Switching and Logic Devices
5. Understanding of Optical Integrated Circuits (OIC),
Integrated transmitters and receivers

AIM
To learn different types of optical emission, detection, modulation and optoelectronic integrated circuits
and their applications.
OBJECTIVE
To know the basics of solid state physics and understand the nature and characteristics of light.
To understand different methods of luminescence, display devices and laser types and their applications.
To learn the principle of optical detection mechanism in different detection devices.
To understand different light modulation techniques and the concepts and applications of optical
switching.
To study the integration process and application of opto electronic integrated circuits in transmitters and
receivers.
UNIT I ELEMENTS OF LIGHT AND SOLID STATE PHYSICS
9
Wave nature of light, Polarization, Interference, Diffraction, Light Source, review of Quantum
Mechanical concept, Review of Solid State Physics, Review of Semiconductor Physics and
Semiconductor Junction Device.
UNIT II DISPLAY DEVICES AND LASERS
9
Introduction, Photo Luminescence, Cathode Luminescence, Electro Luminescence, Injection
Luminescence, Injection Luminescence, LED, Plasma Display, Liquid Crystal Displays, Numeric
Displays, Laser Emission, Absorption, Radiation, Population Inversion, Optical Feedback, Threshold
condition, Laser Modes, Classes of Lasers, Mode Locking, laser applications.
UNIT III OPTICAL DETECTION DEVICES
9
48

Photo detector, Thermal detector, Photo Devices, Photo Conductors, Photo diodes, Detector Performance.
UNIT IV OPTOELECTRONIC MODULATOR
9
Introduction, Analog and Digital Modulation, Electro-optic modulators, Magneto Optic Devices,
Acoustoptic devices, Optical, Switching and Logic Devices..
UNIT V OPTOELECTRONIC INTEGRATED CIRCUITS
9
Introduction, hybrid and Monolithic Integration, Application of Opto Electronic Integrated Circuits,
Integrated transmitters and Receivers, Guided wave devices.
L = 45, TOTAL = 45

49