MAGNETIC CIRCUITS

They are basically ferromagnetic structures with coils wound around them
A current carrying conductor produces magnetic field in the area around it.
MAGNETIC FIELD INTENSITY (H): Effort of the Current to set up Magnetic Field.
Units (Ampere-Turns)
MAGNETIC FLUX DENSITY (B): B=H: Units (Webers/Sq.m OR Tesla)
- Magnetic Permeability of Material.
A time changing magnetic field induces a voltage in a coil of wire if it passes through the
coil.
A current carrying wire in the presence of Magnetic field has a force induced on it.
Induced Force given by: F= I (l x B)
A moving wire in the presence of a
magnetic field has a voltage induced
in it.
Induced Voltage given by:
Eind = (v x B).l
v= velocity of the wire
B=Magnetic flux density vector
l=length of conductor in the mag.
field

MAGNETO MOTIVE FORCE

Magneto motive force (F ) - The driving force that causes a magnetic field.
F = Ni

Reluctance (R) : It is analogous to resistance in an

electrical circuit, but rather than dissipating electric
energy it stores magnetic energy. Unit : H1

Permeance (P) : It is the reciprocal of Reluctance.

RELUCTANCE MOTOR
Rotor pole is equidistant from the two adjacent stator poles (fully unaligned
position) (Max. Reluctance).
Two (or more) rotor poles are fully aligned with two (or more) stator poles
(Min Reluctance).
When a stator pole is energized, the rotor torque is in the direction that will
reduce reluctance.
The stator field must rotate in advance of the rotor poles, thus constantly
"pulling" the rotor along

ELECTROMAGNETIC TORQUE
Fleming's Left-Hand Rule (Motoring)
Electromagnetic Torque given
by: T=F.Rsin

Faradays Law: If a flux passes through a turn of coil, a voltage will be

induced in the turn of wire that is directly proportional to the rate of change in
the flux w.r.t time. Induced Voltage is given by
Direction of the Induced voltage will be such as to oppose the cause producing
it as per Lenzs law, and hence the -ve sign in the above eqn.
Fleming's Right-Hand Rule (Generating)