7.

7.

1.



2.
/
1.

2. /

3. (polya: 1957) 4
1
2
3
4
4.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7) /
(8)
(9)
5.

69

(Polya:1957) 4
1





2

70

3 ()

7.

(Polya: 1957)
...
2 1
3 36 2 4
42 48

1

- 2
- 1 3 36
- 2 4 42
- 48

2

3

2 1
2
48

2
4 .
11
(44 .)
11
(44 .)

1
3 .
1 (3 .)

2 (.)
44 + 3 = 47

2 (6 .)

44 + 6 = 50

()

71

2
4 .
10
(40 .)
10 (40 .)
9 (36 .)

1
3 .
2 (6 .)

2 (.)
40 + 6 = 46

3 (9 .)

40 + 9 = 49

()

8 (32 .)

4 (12 .) 36 + 12 = 48 (9 42) + (4 36)

= 522
5 (15 .) 32 + 15 = 47

7 (28 .)

6 (18 .)

28 + 18 = 46

7 (28 .)

7 (21 .)

28 + 21 = 49

6 (24 .)
5 (20 .)

8 (24 .) 24 + 24 = 48 (6 42) + (8 36)

= 540
9 (27 .) 20 + 27 = 47

5 (20 .)

10 (30 .) 20 + 30 = 50

4 (16 .)

10 (30 .) 16 + 30 = 46

4 (16 .)

11 (33 .)

16 + 33 = 49

3 (12 .)

12 (36 .)

2 (8 .)

13 (39 .)

12 + 36 = 48 (3 42) +(1236)
= 558
8 + 39 = 47

2 (8 .)

14 (42 .)

8 + 42 = 50

72

3 ()

7.

2
4 .
1 (4 .)

1
3 .
14 (42 .)

2 (.)
4 + 42 = 46

1 (4 .)

15 (45 .)

4 + 45 = 49

()

(1) 1 3 4
36 144
(2) 2 4 9
42 378 522

2 4 .

1 3 .

2 (.)

9 (36 .)
6 (24 .)

4 (12 .)
8 (24 .)

36 + 12 = 48
24 + 24 = 48

(9 42) + (4 36) = 522

(6 42) + (8 36) = 540

3 (12 .)

12 (36 .)

12 + 36 = 48

(3 42) + (12 36) = 558

2
1 3 36 4
2 4 42 9

73

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. /
8.
9.
(Strategy) Webster

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)

74

3 ()

7.

1.





1)
2)
3)
4)

1.1
. 1.
..2.
..3.
..4.
..5.
1.2 136
36
:
1) 100 36 ( 136)
100 + 36 = 136
100 36 = 64
2)
90 46 ( 136 )
90 + 46 = 136
90 46 = 44
3)
80 56 ( 136 )

75

80 + 56 = 136
80 56 = 24
4) 80 90
85 51
85 + 51 = 136
85 51 = 34
5)
86 50
86 + 50 = 136
86 50 = 36

2.

2.1 4 , 6 7

4 467 476
6 647 674
76

3 ()

7.

7 746 764
4 , 6 7
467 , 476 , 647 , 674 , 746 764

4
4
6
6
7
7

6
7
4
7
4
6

7
6
7
4
6
4

2.2 3 5
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
(
1,2,3 )

1
2
3
4
5

1)
123 124
125
134 135 145
2) 1)
234 235 245
3) 1) 2) 345

77

10
123 124
125
134

135 145

234

235

245 345

1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
3

2
2
2
3
3
4
3
3
4
4

3
4
5
4
5
5
4
5
5
5

2.3 8 4
100 5 4


5 5 8 = 40
60 60 4 = 15

78

()
5

()

5 8 = 40

()
15

()
15 4 = 60

()
100

6
7

6 8 = 48
7 8 = 56

13
11

13 4 = 52
11 4 = 44

100
100

8 8 = 64

9 4 = 36

100

3 ()

7.

() ()
9
9 8 = 72
10
10 8 = 80

()
7
5

()

7 4 = 28
5 4 = 20

()
100
100

2.3 49
17

48 1 48+1 = 49 48 1 = 47

48
44
40
36
32

1
5
9
13
17

49
49
49
49
49

47
39
31
23
15
36 32 13 17 15
17 36 32 32
17 33 16
33 + 16 = 49 33 16 = 17
2.4 720
5

720 1 720 1 = 720 720 1 = 720
720

1
2
3
4
5
6
8
9 10 12
720 360 240 180 144 120 90 80 72 60

720 720 720 720 720 720 720 720 720 720
720 180 80 45
20

60 12 = 720 60 12 = 5 60 12

79

3.

1 , 2 , 4 ,
1 1 2
3 4 5 7 , 11 16
2

1 = 20

2 = 21

4 = 22
2 3 , 2 4 , 2 5 8 , 16 , 32




1)
2)
3)

80

3 ()

7.

3.1 3
1, 4, 7, 10, 13, 16,
3
1, 4, 7, 10, 13, 16 ,

3 3 3 3 3
3 1 3 19 , 22 , 25
3.2 20 n n
1, 4, 7, 10, 13, 16,

1 1
=
1
2 4
=
1 + (1 3)
3 7
=
1 + (2 3)
4 10
=
1 + (3 3)
5 13
=
1 + (4 3)
6 16
=
1 + (5 3)
20 1 + (19 3) = 58

20
7, 11, 15, 19, 23, 27,

3.3 3
2, 5, 10, 17, 26, 37,

2, 5, 1, 17, 26, 37,

1
3 5 7 9 11
2
2 2 2 2 2 2
13, 15, 17

81

2, 5, 10 ,17 ,26, 37 , 37+13 = 50, 50+15 = 65

65+17 = 82
50, 65, 82
3.4
2
2
2
2

2
22
= 4
222
= 8
2 2 2 2 = 16

2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 10 = 1,024

50

82

3 ()

7.

4.

1)
2)

4.1 5
3
5 3.5

:

5

(
)
3
( 135


5 )
3.5 (

)
8.2

83

4.2

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)


:
(3)
(2) (4)

1)
( 2)
( 1)
( 2)

5.


84

3 ()

7.

1)
2)
3)

5.1
4356
9084
5471
9346
7623
2420
3474
1267
12678
2094
6540
4350
5330
3215
4456
9989
6 5
: 1. 2
2) 5
5 0 ) 2420 6540 4350
3215
2. 6 6540 4350 4140

4782
4140

0 (
4140 5330

5.2 3

1) 2
2) 2
3) 1 1
4)
5)

85

4)
1
2

6.

6.1

1.55 10 8 3.1 108

480 80

: 480
80 = 6

1.55 10 8 = 1.55 10 8 1000

86

3 ()

7.

1.55 108 1000

= 1550
3.1 = 500
3.1 108
8 20
6.2

2 1
1 2
3 1 +2 = 3
1 3
4 1 +2+3 = 6
1 4
5 1 +2 +3+4 = 10

2
1
3
1+2 = 3
4
1+2+3 = 6
5
1 + 2 + 3 + 4 = 10
6
1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 = 15
7
1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 = 21
8
1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 + 7 = 28
9
1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 + 7 + 8 = 36
10
1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 + 7 + 8 + 9 = 45
15

87

7.

7.1 8

: 8 21
1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 = 21
8 (8 21 )

6+3+5+1+4+2+3+5+1 = 30
(8 21 ) 30 = 168 30 = 138
n a b

b = (n 21) a
7.2
142 46

142 b
46
b (142 b) = 46
88

3 ()

7.

2b 142
= 46
2b
= 46 + 142
2b
= 188
b
= 94

94
142 94 = 48
94 + 48 = 142 94 48 = 46

8.

10,000

1) 4 4

2) 100 100
3) 10



9.

60
1,2,3,4 5
60

: A B A B
A B 60

89

+ ( A B) = 60
+
+
+
+

6
6
6
6

=
=
=
=

60
54
48
42

+
+

6
6

= 12
= 6

A B
60 54, 48, 42, 36, 30, 24, 18, 12 6
B A 6
6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42, 48, 54, 60

3 4

90

3 ()

7.

91

1)
2)
3)
4)

(1)
(2) (3)
(4) (5)

/



1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

8.
9.
92

3 ()

7.

10.
11.

( .. )

1.2 .

1 .

1.5 .

..

..

..

- A

- B
- C

93

ABCB
+
BDCB
CEAA
1
- A, B, C, D, E
ABCB + BDCB = CEAA
- A, B, C, D E
2
-
3

- A
- A A 6

A 0, 2, 4, 6 8
1 A 0
- A 0 ABCB

2 A 2 B 2 B 1 6
- B 1 C 6
2 + 1 6 2 + 1 1
6
94

3 ()

7.

- B 6 6 6 12 2
C C

A 2
3 A 4 B 2 B 2 7
- B 2 C 7

A B C B+
BDCB
CEAA
A 4
C 7
E 1

427 2+
2872
7144
B 2
D 8

4
A 4
C 7 D 8 E 1

A B C B+
BDCB
CEAA

B 2

427 2+
2872
7144

- B 7 7 7 14
4 C C

4 A 6 B 2 B 3 8
- B 3 C 8
6 + 3 8 6 + 3 1
8

95

- B 8 6 + 8 = 14

A 6
5 A 8 B 2 B 4 9
- B 4 8 + 4 = 12

- B 9 8 + 9 = 17

A 8

96

3 ()

7.

1.

A
+
B
C
A ................... B .......................
C ..................

2.

A
+
B
GH
A ................... B .......................
G .................. H .......................

3.

AB
+
C
BA
A ................... B .......................
C ..................

4.

N
M
M ................... N .......................

5.

EA

FB
AE
A ................... B .......................
E .................. F .......................

6.

XY

YX
X
X ................... Y .......................

97

1
1
- A 3 B 3
- A 7 B 2
- B 0

1 A 2 B 3 C 5
A 3
B 4 C 7
2
- A 1
- A 2 B 9

2 A 2 B 8 H 0
G 1
3
- C 0
- C 1

3 A 6 B 7 C 9
4
- N 6
- M 2 N 4

4 M 2 N 0 M 5
N 0
5 5 A 1 B 7 E 4
F 2
5 6 X 9 Y 8

98

3 ()

7.

2
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 8 ......................

............
........

........

............

............
........

........
............

99

1. 3
2. A, B, C, D, E, F, G H

A
H + A + B = B + C + D = D + E+ F = F + G + H
H B
3. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 8
G
C
3 4
F D
E

4.

13
- 3 13
1+4+8
1+5+7
2+3+8
2+4+7
2+5+6
3+4+6
- 4
7
5+
5+

100

+1

+6

1+

+3

+4
+4

3 ()

7.

1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 8

8
7

3
A, B X

ABX
+
AXX
BXA
A ..................................
X ..................................

B ..................................

101

- A
- B 4

A 4 A 2
4
1 A 2 x 2 x 1 6

- A 2 x 1
2 0 1
+
2 1 1
4 1 2
B = 0 B = 4 B

A 2 x 1
- A 2 x 6
2 9 6
+
2 6 6
5 6 2
B = 9 B = 5 B

A 2 x 6

102

3 ()

7.

2 A 4 x 2 x 2 7

- A 4 x 2
4 0 2
+
4 2 2
8 2 4
B = 8 B = 0 B

A 4 x 2
- A 4 x 7
4 9 7
+
4 7 7
9 7 4
A = 4

x = 7 B = 9

A 4
x 6

B 9

4
1, 2, 3 4

103

4
2
1

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24

104

1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
4
4
4
4
4
4

2
2
3
3
4
4
1
1
3
3
4
4
1
1
2
2
4
4
1
1
2
2
3
3

3
4
2
4
3
2
3
4
1
4
1
3
2
4
1
4
1
2
2
3
1
3
1
2

3 ()

7.

24 123, 124, 132, 134, 142, 143,

213, 214, 231, 234, 241, 243, 312, 314, 321, 324, 341, 342,
412, 413, 421, 423, 431, 432
2

2
1

3
4

1
4

2
3

3
4
2
4
2
3

1
2

3
4

3
4
1
4
1
3

1
3

2
4

2
4
1
4
1
2

2
3
1
3
1
2

24 123, 124, 132, 134, 142, 143, 213,

214, 231, 234, 241, 243, 312, 314, 321, 324, 341, 342, 412, 413,
421, 423, 431, 432

105