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Fisiologi Hati Dan Kandung Empedu
Fisiologi Hati Dan Kandung Empedu
HATI
KANDUNG
EMPEDU
ANATOMI-FISIOLOGI
(LOBULUS)
6.
V.PORTA
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
SINUSOID
V.HEPATKA
A.
A. FUNCTION
FUNCTION OF
OF THE
THE HEPATIC
HEPATIC
VASCULARE
VASCULARE SYSTEM
SYSTEM
Blood flow through the liver
1450
Blood
Blood cleansing
cleansing function
function of
of
the
the liver
liver
Hepatic macrophage system (kupffer
cells, the large macrophage that
line the hepatic sinuses) can cleanse
blood (sach as many bacteria from
the intestines)
Kupffer cells also phagocytize old red
and white cells and bacteria.
B. METABOLIC
METABOLIC FUNCTION
FUNCTION
B.
OF THE
THE LIVER
LIVER
OF
CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM
Maintains normal blood glucose
level (glukostat)
Convert glucose to glycogen and
glycogen to glucose
Convert amino acids, lactic acid,
fructose and galactose to glucose
Convert glucose to triglycerides
B.
B. METABOLIC
METABOLIC FUNCTION
FUNCTION
OF
OF THE
THE LIVER
LIVER
LIPID METABOLISM
Stores triglycerides
Convert fatty acids to acetyl co A than
to ketone bodies
Syntheizes lipoproteins
synthesizes which is used to make bile
salt
B.
B. METABOLIC
METABOLIC FUNCTION
FUNCTION
OF
OF THE
THE LIVER
LIVER
PROTEIN METABOLISM
Remove NH2 (deaminates) amini acids
which can than be used to form ATP or
convert to fats or carbohydrate
Convert toxic NH3 to the less toxic urea
than excreted in urine
Synthesizes plasma protein (albumin,
globulin, fibrinogen, protrombin,
lipoprotein)
C. ENDOCRINE FUNCTION
Secrete
D. DETOXIFICATION FUNCTION
Removal of drugs, hormons etc :
Detoxifies drugs : sulfonamides, penicillin,
erytromicin
Altered or excreted hormones : thyroxine,
steroid hormons (estrogen, cortisol,
aldosteron)
Detoxifies products of metabolism
Detoxifies forigns chemicals
E. OTHERS
OTHERS FUNCTION
FUNCTION // EXCRETION
EXCRETION
E.
STORAGE :
glycogen, fats, vitamins A, B12, D, E, K, copper and
Fe (combined with protein called ferritin)
DIGESTIVE FUNCTIONS
Secrete bile, righ in HCO3
synthesizes bile salt from cholesterol
synthesizes bile pigments from haem of haemoglobin
Excretes plasma cholesterol and lecithin
PRODUCTION OF BILE
500
1000 ml/day
Synthesize BILE SALT from
cholesterol (conjugated with
glycine or taurine)
Convert HAEM to BILE PIGMENTS
(coupled to glucoronic acid) form
bilirubin glucoronide (BILE)
Discharge bile into bile canaliculi
hepatic ducts GALL BLADER
BILIARY SECRETIONS
Riquired
COMPOTITION
COMPOTITION OF
OF BILE
BILE
(1)
(1)
Bile
acids :
(primary bile acids) synthesized from
cholesterol and converted form bile
salt by the hepatocytes, and
(secondary bile acids) formed by
deconjugation and dehydroxylation
of primary bile salt by intestinal
bacteria.
COMPOTITION OF BILE
(2)
Bile
pigments :
bilirubin and biliverdin (two principal
bile pigments), formed from
hemoglobin responsible for the
golden yellowcolor of the bile
Uroblin, metabolized from bilirubin
by intestinal bacteria. Responsible
for the brown color of the stool
If Bilirubin is not secretet by the
liver, producyng jaundice.
COMPOTITION
COMPOTITION OF
OF BILE
BILE
(3)
(3)
Phospholipids
(prymarily
lecithisn)
solubized by the bile salt micelles
Cholesterol
is important of bile, bicause it is
one of the few ways in wich
choleterol regulation
electrolytes
FUNCTION OF
OF THE
THE BILE
BILE
FUNCTION
Digestion
ENTEROHEPATIC
ENTEROHEPATIC CIRCULATION
CIRCULATION
The
CILINICAL IMPLICATION
GALLBLADDER
GALLBLADDER
FUNCTION
:
Storage : stores and concentrates
during interdigestive periode.
contraction : during digestive periode,
the gallbladder contracts, empetying
the content into the duodenum
CONTROL :
fat and protein digestion product
CCK
gallbladder contruction
vagal stimulation during cephalic ang
gastric phase
BILIRUBIN METABOLISM
Formation
of bilirubin
is yellowish pigment formed as an end
product of hemoglobin catabolism.
Jaundice
is yellowing of the skin duo to the
accumulation of bilirubin within the tissues,
may result from : excess production of
bilirubin, or obstruction of the bile ducts or
the liver cells preventing the secretion of
bilirubin.
DESTRUCTION OF RED
BLOOD CELLS (HEMOLITIC
JAUNDICE)
OBSTRUCTIONOF THE BILE DUCT OR
DAMAGE TO THE LIVER SELLS
(OBSTRUCTIVE JAUNDICE)