LIST OF FIGURES

Figure No.

Title

Page No.

3.1

Map of the study area

13

3.2

Topography of central Punjab

14

3.3

Canal network of central Punjab

15

3.4

17-18
Observation points of central Punjab from 1998 to 2013
Flow chart of the step by step procedure of geo-statistical tool

16

4.1

Flow chart of the overlay process

27-29

4.2

Histogram of hydraulic heads for central Punjab for the study

32-33

4.3

period

34-35

4.4

Spatial maps of water table in UB-III zone

36-37

4.5

Spatial maps of water table in BD-III zone

38-39

4.6

Spatial maps of water table in SC-III zone

40

4.7

Spatial maps of water table in BM-III zone

41

4.8

Spatial maps of water table in central Punjab

3.5
3.6

24

Variation in water table in different zones depth during study

42

4.9

period Year-wise distribution of electrical and diesel tubewell

43-44

4.10

density of

45-46

4.11

Spatial maps of electrical tubewell density during different years

central Punjab

Spatial maps of diesel tubewell density during different years

47

4.12

Monsoon and non monsoon season groundwater draft (mm) in

50

4.13

different zones

51-52

4.14

Zone-wise percent change in groundwater draft

4.15

Spatial maps of groundwater draft

53

Change map of energy requirement in central Punjab from 1998-

54

2013

54

4.16

Zone-wise energy requirement (MkWh) during monsoon and non-

4.17

monsoon season

4.18

Zone-wise percent change in energy requirement

Spatial maps of energy requirement from 1998-2013

4.19

58-61

Spatial maps of carbon emissions from electric engines from 19982013

4.20

55-56

62-65

Spatial maps of carbon emissions from diesel engines from 199866

4.21

2013
Reclassified rasters of tubewell density, groundwater draft,

4.22

groundwater depth, and C-emissions

Weighted sum raster and Category wise spatial map with canal

4.23

67
69

overlay for central Punjab

Relationship between carbon emissions (mg/m 3) and groundwater 70
table (m)in different zones
Relationship between carbon emissions per groundwater extracted
and water table in central Punjab