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Biology Form 4 Chapter 2
Biology Form 4 Chapter 2
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Chapter 2: Cell Structure And Cell Organization
Nucleus
Ribosome
Chloroplast
Plasma membrane
Golgi apparatus
Lysosome
Vacoule
Centriole
Cell Wall
Cell A
Cytoplasm
Cell B
Marking scheme
Marks
Compare and contrast the structure of an animal cell and plant cell. Give your answer by
drawing a labeled diagram of an animal cell and a plant cell
D-1m L-1m(plant cell -cell wall nucleus cell membrane, chloroplast and vacuole)
(animal cell nucleus , cytoplasm ,cell membrane)
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Similarities:
Both cells have plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, Golgi apparatus, mitochondria and
endoplasmic reticulum
Differences:
Animal cell
Plant cell
Has centriole
Cellular Component
Plasma membrane
Function:
1
1
1
1
1
1
Function:
Acts as a medium where biochemical reactions and most living process
occurs within the cell
Cell Wall
Trial Pahang 2011
Function :
Maintain the shape of plant cell //provides mechanical strength and support
to plant cells //protect plant cell from rupturing
Question:
(a) How does structure (cell wall) help to maintain the shape of the plant cell?
P1-it composed of cellulose
(b) Explain how the compound in Cell wall help it to carry out its function
P1-Cellulose fibre is tough /rigid
P2-Enable cell wall to provide mechanical strength
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Chapter 2: Cell Structure And Cell Organization
Cellular component
Vacuole
Function :
Contributes to plant elongation by absorbing water cause cell to expand
Question :
(a) Structure T (vacuole) and how it is involved to maintain the turgidity of the
plant cell
P1-T is made up of tonoplast //has cell sap
P2-to maintain the osmotic concentration /pressure of the cell sap
P3-If the cell is flaccid /cell sap has high osmotic concentration /pressure,
more water diffuses into the cell by osmosis
P4-if the cell has excess water /cell sap has low osmotic concentration
/pressure
[4marks]
(b) Explain the role of vacuole in maintain the cell turgidity(SPM 2006)
P1-Maintain the osmotic concentration of the cell sap
P2-water enter the cell by osmosis if the cell is flaccid
[2marks]
(c) Describe what will happen to the vacuole when plant is immersed in water
P1-Vacoule filled with the water and expand
P2-The pressure of the water in the vacuole pushes the cytoplasm and
presses it against the plasma membrane and the cell wall
Nucleus
Function:
P1-control all cellular activity
P2-carries genetic information/genes
Question :
(a) If structure R (nucleus) is removed from a cell .Explain what would happen to
the growth of the cell(trial perlis2010)
P1-the cell does not divide/differentiate
P2-because there are no genes (that control mitosis/differentiation)
(b) State the main content of nucleus
Nucleolus /chromosomes
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Chapter 2: Cell Structure And Cell Organization
Cellular Component
Mitochondria
Function:
Ribosome
Function:
Sites of synthesis protein
Question:
(a) Name structure X
Ribosome
Endoplasmic reticulum
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Chapter 2: Cell Structure And Cell Organization
(b) What will happen if the cell does not have structure T(endoplasmic Reticulum)
The cell will able to transport the substances synthesized in the cell
Lysosomes
Function :
Digest/break down complex organic molecule
Question:
(a) Explain how lysosomes helps in eliminating damaged organelles in cells
P1-Lysosomes contain hydrolytic enzyme/Lysozymes which will
digest/hydrolyzed damaged organelle
SPM 2010
Golgi apparatus
Trial Perlis2011
Question:
(a) Explain the role of P(Golgi apparatus) and R (nucleus) in transportation of
extracellular enzyme
P1-the nucleus/RNA instructs ribosome to synthesized protein
P2-the synthesized protein is transported in the rough endoplasmic
reticulum/Q
P3-to the transport vesicles
P4-then the Golgi apparatus/P packages/ modifies/ sorts/transports the
synthesized proteins
P5-to the secretory vesicles to be transported
P6-out of the cell through the plasma membrane ANY 4
[4marks]
(b) Explain why Golgi apparatus is found abundance in the cell of root
cap
To manufacture a type of polysaccharide that lubricate the root tip to aid
The penetration of root between soil particle
(c) Explain the effect of production of extracellular enzyme if structure Y
Module Biology Trial Collection
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Chapter 2: Cell Structure And Cell Organization
malfunction
F:the production of extracellular enzyme disrupt
E1-protien cannot be modified
E2-protien cannot be sort
E3- extracellular enzyme cannot be transport
(d)Give an example of a substances released from this organelle
Amylase/any digestive enzyme
Chloroplast
Funtion :
Organelle Q
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Chapter 2: Cell Structure And Cell Organization
(f) Explain two different between the process occur in mitochondria
and chloroplast
P1-Process in chloroplast absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen
P2-Process in mitochondria absorb oxygen and release carbon dioxide
P3-Process in chloroplast use energy to synthesis glucose
P4-Process in mitochondria break down glucose to produce energy
JUJ 2008
Marking scheme
Marks
Explain why the mitochondria are found abundantly in muscle tissue X (cardiac muscle)
E1-Cardiac muscle requires energy to contract and relax
E2-mitochondria release energy (through cell respiration)
(b)
1
1
1
1
Explain why meristematic cells have more organelle S (mitochondria) compared to cheek cells
P1-S(mitochondria):it generates energy
P2-Meristematic cells require energy to undergoes mitosis/ cell division
(c)
1
1
Explain why organelle B (Golgi apparatus) presents in large number in the pancreas
P1-Function of pancreas to secretes hormones and enzyme
P2-More Golgi apparatus to synthesize more hormones and enzyme
(d)
1
1
1
1
1
1
Predict what will happen if the organelle(mitochondria) is not found in the sperm
P1- no energy synthesized
P2-sperm cannot swim toward the ovum and no fertilization occur
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Chapter 2: Cell Structure And Cell Organization
Q: nucleus
Organism X
No
(a)
Marking scheme
Marks
Name organism X
Amoeba
(b)
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
(c)
Amoeba sp moves by extending pseudopodium or false feet, name the other process other
than this.
Feeding (Phagocytosis)
(d)
Exchange of gases occurs through the plasma membrane, Name the process
Simple diffusion
(e)
(f)
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(g)
Explain how contractile vacuole maintains the osmotic pressure in Amoeba sp.
P1-Fresh water is hypotonic to the cytoplasmic fluid of Amoeba sp.
P2-Water diffuses in to the cell and fills the contractile by osmosis
P3-when the contractile vacuole is filled with water to its maximum size, it contracts to expel
its Content from time to time
(h)
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
(i)
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Chapter 2: Cell Structure And Cell Organization
Organism Y
No
(a)
Marking scheme
Marks
Name organism Y
1
Paramecium sp.
(b)
Describe how the paramecium uses cilla to move and to gather food
1
1
1
1
Explain how the size of the paramecium influences the rate contraction of the contractile
vacuole
P1-When the paramecium is small, the total surface area per volume of cell is larger
P2-this enable water to be absorbed into the cell at a faster rate
P3-the higher rate of contraction of the contractile vacuole enables the cell to expel any
excess water that has entered the cell at a faster rate
(d)
1
1
1
(g)
P2-water constantly enters the cell via osmosis form the surrounding hypotonic environment
(f)
1
1
Explain why the paramecium always has excess water in its cell
P1-Because the paramecium lives fresh in water
(e)
1
1
1
1
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Chapter 2: Cell Structure And Cell Organization
(h)
(g)
No
(a)
(b)
Marking scheme
Marks
P2-Higher concentration of oxygen in the water surrounding cause oxygen to diffuse into the
amoeba
P3-Higher concentration of carbon dioxide in the cell cause carbon dioxide to diffuse out of
the Amoeba ANY 2
1
1
1
1
Multicellular organism
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Name
Cell
Tissue
Organ
Systems
Organism
*CTOSO
(c) Name the process X and Y
Process X : Differentiation
Process Y: Specialisation
[2marks]
Cellular component
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(a) Name cell P
Red blood cell
(b) State the function of cell P
Transport oxygen from the lungs to all part of body cells
Times 2012
(c) Explain one special characteristic of cell P which it to carry out the
function you stated in (b) efficiently
F1-have no nucleus
E1-so it have more space more to fill in by hemoglobin
OR
F2- have very thin plasma membrane
E2-So the gases exchange can take place faster
OR
F3-Contain haemoglobin /respiratory pigment
E3-can combine with oxygen to form oxyhaemoglobin
[2marks]
(d) Explain the structural adaptation that found in red blood cell to enable to
carry out the transport of oxygen
P1-Biocancave shape
E1-increase the surface area
OR
P1-Elastic membrane
E2-Enable red blood cell to squeeze easily into the narrow blood capillaries
(d) Complete the following table
Red Blood Cell
Connective tissue
Circulatory system
Cellular component
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(a) Name cell Q
Nerve Cell
(b) State the function of cell P
Transmission if nerve impulses(from CNS to effectors)
(c) Explain one role of cell R in the system named in (b)
F-control/coordinate activities of the body
Times 2012
E1-Detect stimuli
Sarawak 2008
Nerve cell
Nerve tissue
Nervous system
Muscle cell
Muscle tissue
Muscular system
(c)
Epithelial cell
Epithelial tissue
Digestive system
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No
(a)
Marking scheme
Marks
Explain why multicellular organism need cell organization as compared to unicellular organism
1
1
P1-Multicellaluar organism need more food ,oxygen and must get rid more waste products
compare to unicellular organism
P2-Multicellular organism cannot depend on simple processes such osmosis,phagocytosis,binary
fission
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
(b)
(c)
In plant
ANY 2
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Times 2012
Diagram1showsagroupofplantcellsundergospecializationintheformationofleaf
N
M
No
(a)
Marking scheme
Marks
(times2012)
1
1
1
1
1
Xylem
FORM 5
1
1
1
1
Mark
1
State structural feature of tissue P (xylem) which enable them to function efficiently
P1: P consists of the xylem vessel joined together end to end
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Chapter 2: Cell Structure And Cell Organization
P2-cell P does not have any cytoplasm
P3-the cell walls are thickened with lignin
Explain adaptive feature of the cell in tissue D(xylem) in transportation of substances in
plant
F-vessel Is long .hollow and continuously// no protoplasm in the vessels
1
1
1
1
E-to allow water flows continuously from root to the leaves// to obstruct the flow water
Phloem
FORM 5
E-to carry glucose from the leaves to other of plant // give energy to sieve tube
Upper
epidermis
Guard
cell
1
1
P2-this cause the stomata to open and allow more carbon dioxide to enter the leaf
Root hairs
ExplainonecharacteristicoftissueXtofacilitatewaterabsorptionfromsoil
1
1
1
F1havelargenumber
E1toprovidelargesurfacearea
F2cellsintissueXisonecellthick
E2toincreasediffusion
E2haveahigherconcentrationofsolutesthanthewaterinsurroundingsoil
Module Biology Trial Collection
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Chapter 2: Cell Structure And Cell Organization
Palisade
mesophyl
l cell
Times 2012
Marks
What Is meant by
(i) Internal environment
1
1
MAX 2
(ii)Homeostasis
P4-A process of maintaining internal environment/physical and chemical condition in our body
at a constant value
P5-through corrective mechanism based on negative or positive feedback
P6-which revert the internal environment back to normal condition of there is a change
P4& any other P
MAX 2
1
1
1
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