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Integrated Civil Engineering Design Project (Foundation Structure Design)
Integrated Civil Engineering Design Project (Foundation Structure Design)
Project
(Foundation Structure Design)
CIVL 395
HKUST
Building
Development
Superstructure
Ground floor
Soil
Pile Cap
Loading from
superstructure to
be shown on plan
of foundation and
loading schedule
Pile
Foundation Control
in Hong Kong
Building Ordinance
Building Department, PNAP 66
Geotechnical Engineering Office
Register Specialist Contractor (Foundation Works)
PNAP 66
Plan of Foundation
To show the setting
out/size of all vertical
elements which transmit
all superstructure
loading
Loading Schedule
To show the loading of
all superstructure
including gravity and
wind loading
Foundation
Design Code
HK Code of
Practice for
Foundation
Design
Construction
Testing
How
Pile Type
Large Diameter Bored Pile
1,000 ~ 2,500
3,000 ~ 5,000
Mini-pile
2,000 ~ 3,000
Factors to be considered
Ground
Investigation
Ground Investigation
Pile Type
Pile Length
Construction Difficulties
Soil Properties
Water table
II
III
To note the
allowable bearing
pressure which is
under working load
i.e. without load factor
5m
5m ?
SPT N=100
SPT N=100
SPT N=200
SPT N=200
SPT N=200
SPT N=180
SPT N=200
SPT N=200
SPT N=200
SPT N=200
SPT N=200
SPT N=200
SPT N=100
SPT N=200
SPT N=200
SPT N=200
Simple for
LDBP bearing
on bedrock
Simple for
H-pile rest on
stiff soil
CDG
Pre-boring
for
corestone
layers
Pre-boring for
corestone layers or rest
on corestones
Foundation
240 nos. shaft grout
barrettes, 2.8m x 1.2m
& 2.8m x 1.0m, Length
= 88m
Mega Tower @
Kowloon Station
Driven H-pile
10~20 for each blocks for normal ground condition
Additional bored holes at locations with boulder layers
pre-drilled hole
Classification of Foundation
Shallow
Pad/Strip Type/Raft
Bearing on soil
(50~300KPa)/rock (3000KPa) to be used
for highhigh-rise building
Deep Foundation
Piled Foundation
End Bearing
Friction
It is normally founding on
Grade III rock with allowable
bearing pressure 3000Kpa.
Shallow Raft
Friction Pile:
Steel H
Friction Barrette
Tower
Pile Cap
Bed Rock
Bed Rock
Bed Rock
Pile Capacity
Shaft
Base
Effective
shaft
diameter
(mm)
Bell-out
diameter
(mm)
Reinforce
ment
Allowable
bearing
capacity
pile (D+L)
(KN)
Allowable
bearing
capacity
pile
(D+L+W)
(KN)
2300
3450
21 T 32
46741
58426
2500
3750
25 T32
55223
69029
Bored Location
Pile Cap
layout
Common H-pile
H 305x305x180 Kg/m3
H 305x305x223 Kg/m3
It is installed by inserting
steel H-piles into prebored holes sunk into
bedrock, and subsequently
grouting the holes with
cementitious materials
Design Parameter
H section 305 x305x 180Kg/m UPB Grade 55C, Internal diameter of casing =
550mm
Pile capacity
Axial capacity
Mini pile
Soil
Pile Capacity
Rock
Pile Layout
For driven piles and other piles which derive their capacity mainly from
frictional resistance, the minimum pile spacing shall be not less than the
length of the perimeter of the pile or 1m, whichever is the greater, and the
piles shall be placed at not less than half the length of the perimeter of the
pile or 500mm, whichever is the greater, from the site boundary.
For mini-piles, which derive their capacities mainly from bond strength
between grout and rock, the minimum pile spacing should be 750mm or 2
times the outer diameter, whichever is the greater
For bored piles and the like which derive their capacities mainly from end
bearing, the minimum clear spacing between the surfaces of adjacent piles
should be based on practical considerations of positional and verticality
tolerances of piles. It is recommended to provide a nominal minimum clear
horizontal spacing of 500mm between shaft surfaces or edge of bell-outs,
as appropriate
Pile Layout of
Driven H pile
Rigid Cap
Flexible Cap
Deformed
shape of
Rigid Cap
Deformed
shape of
Flexible Cap
N Number of storey
(For 40 stories,
t=2.4m)
The software used for foundation design mainly to find out the piling
load and pilecap design
CAPBS
LIFORM
SAFE
VDISP
Horizontal Restraints
to
Piles and Pile Cap
Where the
foundation has
imposed additional
loads on slopes or
retaining walls, or the
groundwater regime
has been affected, the
stability of the
affected slopes or
retaining walls should
be checked as part of
the foundation design
Flexible material to
avoid any lateral
pressure on slope
Slope
Other Consideration
Pile in
tension
Rock
Settlement of Foundation
MTR
Foundation on ground
with abandoned pile
Raking Pile
Q&A
If you have any questions about the structural design, please
forward email (with your Name and Student ID no.)
to : akskwan@gmail.com