Low Rise Luxurious House on A2 Island Assume 2500 sq ft (15x15 m2) bungalow, total working load approximately = 6000KN

And load carried per column (6 nos) = 1000 KN Bearing Pressure for a 3mx3m single pad footing = 1000/(3x3) ~ 110 KN/m2 Ultimate Settlement Due to Building Load & Soil Fill (BH7 & BH8)

Soil Treatment Method Vibro replacement (Stone Column) is chosen as it suitable to control settlement and stability for foundation of low rise building. The Stone column is designed to reduce settlement by factor=2.66, which will reduce the ultimate settlement to 4000/2.66 =1504mm. (The final possible settlement with stone column) PVD drain with 20KN/m2 surcharge will treat this possible settlement in stone column as designed PVD is able to treat settlement up to 1744mm in 9 months. The stone column bearing capacity check is more than FS=2.5 and the settlement design had governed the stone column size design. Design of Stone Column Stone Column Diameter=1m stone column, depth =18m (BH7) & 16m (BH7) which sit on very stiff clay with (SPT=50). 4 nos of stone column is designed to support a 3mx3m single pad footing. Gravelly fill in the Stone Column: Gravel with friction angle=40.

Calculation for reduced improvement factor: A=a*b=9m2 Ac=(1)2/4=0.785m2 A/2Ac=5.7-> Fig 1: no=2.05 Dc/Ds=200/2=100 -> Fig 2: A/Ac=0.05 -> A/Ac=5.7+0.05 =5.75 A/Ac=5.75 -> Fig 1: n1=2 A/Ac=5.75 -> Fig 3: y=0.54

=1.33

n2=fd*n1 =1.33*2=2.66

Stone Column Bearing Capacity Check 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Based on the BH7&BH8 SPT in range 2-4, thus Cu=15kN/m2 is applied for weak soft clay. Backfill material-gravel, s =40 Stone column area, As=0.785m2 Effective burden pressure on the cohesive soil level, q=204KN/m2 (same as above) For Q>0, with s =40->Table 1: ( ( ( )( )( )( )( ) )( )( ) )

6. Initial bearing capacity per column, P=s*As=1905*0.785=1495KN 7. Design load=1000KN*2.5 (FS) =2500KN 8. 4 nos of stone column =4x1495=5982KN >2500 KN (OK) Conclusion: All settlement due to building load is taking care of. Therefore, there will be no settlement in the building.