Lamarsh Solutions

Chapter-2
2.5
This is a question of probability,
For molecules which have an approximate weight of 2, there are two 1H and we can find the
probability or the percentage over 1 as,
0.99985*0.99985=0.99970
The same calculation can be made for the mol. weights of 3 and 4
For 3 there are one 1H and one 2 H and so,
0.99985*0.00015=1.49e-4
For 4 there are two 2 H and so,
0.00015*0.00015=2.25e-8
2.7
From table of nuclides we can find the atomic weights of O and H using the abundances

1
x[99.759 x15.99492 0.097 x16.99913 0.204 x17.99916]
100
m(O) 15.99938
1
m( H )
x[99.985 x1.007825 0.015 x 2.0141]
100
m( H ) 1.007975
m( H 2O) 18.01533
m(O)

(a)
# of moles of water=

50
=2.76 moles
18.01533

(b)
# of 1H atoms=2.76 moles x 0.6022e24 x 2 atoms of H x 0.99985 abund. =3.32e24 atoms of 1H
(c)
# of 2 H atoms=2.76 moles x 0.6022e24 x 2 atoms of H x 0.015e-2 abund. =4.98e20 atoms of 2 H

2.16
The fission of the nucleus of

235

U releases approximately 200MeV. How much energy (in kilowatt-

hours and megawatt-days) is released when 1 g of

235

U undergoes fission?

Solution:

1g 235 U

1g
0.6022 1024 fissioned 235 Uatoms 2.563 1021 atoms
235 g
2.563 1021 atoms

Released Energy:

512.6 1021 MeV

22810kWhr

200MeV
512.6 1021 MeV
1atoms

4.450 1026 kWhr

22810kWhr
1MeV

1day
0.9505MWd
24hr

2.20

Erest m0 c 2 Etot mc 2
m

m0
1

,in question we see the square of E_rest and E_tot ,so we do

2
c2

Erest 2
m0c 2 2
(
) ( 2 )
Etot
mc

m0 2
Erest 2
( ) (
)
2
and from here we find
m
Etot

relation between m_0 and m as

m0 2
2
( ) 1 2
m
c

we find,

Erest 2
1 2
c
Etot 2

and finally

Erest 2
c (1
)
Etot 2
2

and

Erest 2
c 1
Etot 2

2.22
(a) wavelength of a 1 MeV photon can be found as,

as wanted.

and knowing the

1.24e 6 1.24e 6

1.24e 12m 1240 fm

E
1e 6 eV

(b) wavelength of a 1 MeV neutron can be found as,

2.86e 9
2.86e 9

2.86e 12 cm 28.6 fm
E
1e 6 eV

2.27

There are a ground state at the buttom and three excited states following it.And the possible
gamma rays are,
E1=0.403-0.208=0.195 MeV

E2=0.208-0.158=0.005 MeV

E3=0.158-0=0.158 MeV

E4=0.403-0.158=0.245 MeV

E5=0.208-0=0.208 MeV

E6=0.403-0=0.403 MeV

2.29
(a)
3
1

H 23He

(b)

ln 2
1.79e 9sec onds 1 after that we know at any time t the activity is,
12.26 years

, the activity of Tritium in question is ,1mCi=3.7e7 dis/sec ;by using the activity
formula we can find the # of Tritium atoms,

N
as,

3.7e7
2.06e16
1.79e 9

atoms, and the mole # of tritium and then the mass of it found

# of moles=

2.06e16
=3.43e-8 and finally mass=3.43e-8 x 3.016 grams=1.03e-7gr
0.6022e24

2.33

N . Here using half-lifes,

Well again use the relation

Cs 137 7.27e 10
Cs 134 1.06e 8

and finally using above formula we find the # of atoms per cm3 as,

156e 6 Ci x 3.7e10
7.93e15 atoms/cm3
7.27e 10
26e 6 Ci x 3.7e10

9.07e13 atoms/cm3
1.06e 8

NCs 137
NCs 134

2.37
We know at time t,which is asked,that

*
25

N
0.0072 ,
N N 28*
*
25

N 25
0.03 and now this ratio is,
N 25 N 28

N 25* N 25e 25t

N 28* N 28e 28t

in here

And using these relations after some maths manipulation we found that,

7.25e 3N 28*
N 25

e( 28t 25t )
*
N 28
32.33N 25

from here the time is,1.6e9(billion)years ago

2.40

dN A =- A N A dt
dN B = A N A dt- B N Bdt
from here N A (t)=N 0 e-A t and N B (t)=N 0

A
(e-A t -e-B t )
B A

As mentioned in the question , A << B ,when we expand the exp. function

series,see easily that ,

e-A t

1 and some manipulation like,

e-A t into Taylor

N B (t)=N 0

A
B (1

And from here :

approaches to

A
)
B

(e-A t -e-B t ) N 0

A
(1-e-B t )
B

Activity,B=N0 A (1-e-Bt )

N0 A

and for long times , t ,activity of B

which is the activity value the parent nucleus would approach

2.59
In the question , 0.025

N 25
N 25 N 28

is given.

And we can relate the w/o to the atomic densities as follows,

19 x w x 0.6022e24
235.04
19 x (1-w) x 0.6022e24
N 28 =
238.05
N 25 =

in here w is the weight percent

From here, w=0.0246 and the atom density of

N 25 =1.19e21

2.62
First well compute the atomic weight of U as,

1
1 3.5 96.5
=
(

) MU 237.89 then the molecular weight of UO2 is 237.89+2 x

M 100 235 238
15.999=269.87.The percent by weight of U in UO2 is(237.89/269.87)=0.88 w/o.
Average density of U is, 0.88 x 10.8=9.52 g/cm3 and the density of U-235 is 9.52 x 0.035=0.33
gr/cm3.
The atom density of U-235 is then, N 25 =

0.33 x 0.6022e24
8.53e20 atoms/cm3
235.04