qarTveluri memkvidreoba (akaki wereTlis saxelmwifo

universitetis qarTveluri dialeqtologiis samecniero-kvleviTi

institutis perioduli samecniero Jurnali) tomi XII, gv., 187-193

mamuka menabde,
daviT mindiaSvili

imereTisa da samcxis urTierTobis istoriidan

XVI saukunis 30-40-ian wlebSi

gviani Suasaukuneebis mTel manZilze saqarTvelos Zlieri samxreTeli

mezoblis - osmaleTis agresiisagan Tavis dacva uwevda. osmaleTis
saqarTveloze Setevis erT-erTi mTavari gza samcxe-saaTabagoze gadioda.
XVI saukunis 30-ian wlebSi imereTis mefe bagrat III (1510-1565) Seecada
samcxeze Tavisi xelisufleba gaevrcelebina, rac saqarTvelos mimarT
osmaleTis agresiis Senelebis winapiroba unda gamxdariyo. bagratis idea,
rom am mxareze Tavisi Zalaufleba gaevrcelebina, didi riskis Semcveli
iyo, radgan osmaleTi samcxes Tavisi saqarTveloze Setevis mTavar
placdarmad ganixilavda, samcxis mmarTvel wreebTan kargi damokidebuleba
hqonda da mosalodneli iyo, rom samcxis mimarTulebiT gaaqtiurebul
imerTa mefes osmaleTidan mkacri reaqcia mieRo.
bagrat III-m, vidre is samcxis teritoriaze samxedro operaciis
Casatareblad gadavidoda, guriis mTavar rostom guriels (1534-1564) da
odiSis mTavar levan dadians (1533-1572) samxedro ZaliT daxmarebisaken
mouwoda. imerTa mefem "aRuTqva gurielsa romelica epyra pirvel
samcxisani. ese ganixara gurielman da mierTo bagrats. xolo dadiani
uneblieTad SiSisaTAs moerTo igica bagrats" (vaxuSti, 1973, gv. 712).
guriels bagrat III yvaryvare III aTabagis (1515-1535) damarcxebis
SemTxvevaSi aWarisa da WaneTis gadacemas Sepirda, rasac movlenaTa
Semdgomi ganviTareba adasturebs.
bagrat III-is, rostom gurielisa da levan dadianis gaerTianebul
laSqars yvaryvare III Tavisi laSqriT axalqalaqis axlos murjaxeTTan
dauxvda, sadac 1533 wlis 12 agvistos Sedga brZola, romelSic samcxis
laSqari damarcxda. yvaryvare III rostom gurielis meriqife isak
arTumelaZem Seipyro da guriels mihgvara, gurielma ki samcxis aTabagi
bagrat III-s gadasca. yvaryvare III bagratis tyve gaxda da male amis
Semdgom imereTSi patimrobaSi gardaicvala. rostom gurielma murjaxeTis
brZolis Semdgom bagrat imerTa mefisagan aWara da WaneTi miiRo (axali
qarTlis cxovreba, 1959, gv. 487; beri egnataSvili, 1959, gv. 354; cxovreba
saqarTvelosa, 1980, gv. 42; vaxuSti, 1973, gv. 712-713, 811; qronikebi, 1897, gv.
381).
am droidan garkveuli xniT samcxis separatistulma saxelmwi-
foebriobam arseboba Sewyvita. samcxis Tavaduri reaqcia ar apirebda
Seqmnil mdgomareobasTan Serigebas, saaTabagos didma Tavadma oTar
SalikaSvilma yvaryvare III-is Ze qaixosro stambols waiyvana da sulTans
daxmareba Txova (vaxuSti, 1973, gv. 713; v. guCua, 1973, gv. 104).
 osmaleTis xelisuflebam samcxis teritoriaze samxedro operaciis
Catareba gadawyvita. 1536 wlis 4 ivliss arzrumis beglarbegi mehmed xani
Tavisi laSqriT samcxis mimarTulebiT daiZra. samcxeSi osmalTa jaris
SemoWras, taosa da klarjeTis dapyrobil teritoriaze olTisis,
arTvinis, kiskimisa da narmanis sanjayebis daarseba mohyva. es faqti imaze
miuTiTebs, rom osmalebma samcxeSi dapyrobil teritoriaze daiwyes Tavisi
mmarTvelobisa da wesebis danergva - qveynis gaosmaleba (m. svaniZe, 1971, gv.
57).
saqarTvelos teritoriis erT nawilze ucxo qveynis, kerZod,
osmaleTis mmarTvelobisa da wesebis danergva udidesi ubedurebis
mauwyebeli iyo da saqarTvelos am nawilSi qarTvelobis aRmofxvrisa da
gadagvarebis winapirobas warmoadgenda. am dros imerTa mefisagan saWiro
kontrzomebis miRebis Sesaxeb Cven cnobebi ar mogvepoveba. saerTod ki,
1536 wlis arzrumis beglarbegis mehmed xanis samcxeSi ganxorcielebulma
laSqrobam qaixosros aTabagoba ver moutana da amis Semdgom bagrat III
erTxans kidev cdilobda samcxis mimarTulebiT Tavisi poziciebis dacvas.
amasobaSi saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg Tavisi laSqrobebis seriis
ganxorcielebas Seudga iranis Sahi Tamazi (1524-1576). Sah-Tamazma
saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg oTxi laSqroba ganaxorciela. am laSqrobebs
didi gavlena hqonda qarTuli samefo-samTavroebis Sidapolitikur
urTierTobebze. ise gamovida, rom am laSqrobaTa Sedegad qarTlis
samefom dakarga Tavisi mokavSireebi _ kaxeTisa da imereTis samefoebi,
romelTa mefeebmac morCileba gamoucxades Sah-Tamazs (v. silogava, k.
Sengelia, 2007, gv. 170). saerTod ki, unda aRiniSnos, rom miuxedavad
imisa, rom qarTlis samefo da misi winamZRoli luarsab I (1527-1556),
imerTa mefe bagratis da kaxT mefe levanis (1518-1574) mier Sah-Tamazis
winaaRmdeg brZolaSi marto iyo mitovebuli, Tavad luarsabi imereTisa
da kaxeTis winamZRolebs, roca maT qarTlis mefis daxmareba WirdebodaT.
analogiurad ar pasuxobda da mterTan brZolaSi marto ar tovebda.
osmalebma 1543 wels kidev erTxel ganaxorcieles laSqroba samcxis
winaaRmdeg. samcxis Tavaduri reaqcia yovelnairad uwyobda xels osmalTa
am laSqrobas. osmalTa laSqroba, romlis SemadgenlobaSi 22 aTasi
meomari Sedioda, arzrumis mmarTveli musa faSa sardlobda. bagrat
imerTa mefem saWiro zomebi miiRo: Sekriba laSqari, cixeebi gaamagra da
gurielsa da dadians erTiani moqmedebisaken mouwoda. rostom gurieli
mefis gverdiT dadga, xolo levan dadianma bagrats daxmarebaze uari
ganucxada. rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, murjaxeTis brZolis Semdgom gurielma
bagratisagan aWara da WaneTi miiRo. movlenebis aseTi ganviTarebiT dadiani
ukmayofilo darCa, vinaidan arc imereTis mefis da arc gurielis
gaZliereba mas ar surda. amaSi man TavisTvis safrTxe dainaxa da gandgoma
gadawyvita da man es axla gamoamJRavna, roca samcxeSi osmalTa jari
SemoiWra (m. rexviaSvili, 1989, gv. 34).
osmalTa laSqari, romelic evropuli zarbaznebiT iyo
SeiaraRebuli, brZoliT miadga olTisis cixes. olTisis cixis mcvelebi
sastik uTanasworo brZolaSi Caebnen, magram maT gamarjvebis mcire Sansi
hqondaT, rom bagrat mefes Tavisi samxedro niWierebis demonstracia ar
moexdina. imerTa mefem Tavdapirvelad musa faSa Tavisi laSqris erTi
nawiliT olTisis cixis midamoebidan gaityua, Semdgom ki jer olTisis
cixesTan darCenili osmalTa laSqari gaanadgura, mere ki musa faSas
Tanmxleb laSqars qaraRaqTan daewia da iq mouRo bolo. Tavad arzrumis
mmarTveli musa faSa brZolaSi daiRupa (axali qarTlis cxovreba, 1959,
gv. 498; beri egnataSvili, 1959, gv. 358; vaxuSti, 1973, gv. 713, 812; ibrahim
feCevi, 1964, gv. 26-27; hasan rumlu, 1966, gv. 23-24).
mniSvnelovania, rom 1543 wels samcxeSi SemoWril osmalebs bagrat
III-is laSqarTan erTad Tavad samcxis mosaxleoba upirispirdeboda da es
erTianoba erT-erTi mizezi unda yofiliyo imisa, rom am dros
qarTvelebma mterze gamarjveba moipoves. amasTanave, imis Sesaxebac unda
aRiniSnos, rom olTisi, rogorc ukve viciT, erT-erTi sanjayis
teritoriaze mdebareobda da osmalizaciis procesSi iyo CaTreuli da
iqaur mecixovneTa gmiruli brZola kargad aCvenebs im winaaRmdegobas, rac
osmaleTis imperias iq gaosmalebis procesSi xvdeboda da aseTi
winaaRmdegoba samcxe-saaTabagos teritoriaze osmaleTis mimarT
saukuneebis manZilze grZeldeboda.
amis Semdgom oTar SalikaSvilma da qaixosrom kvlav erTxel Txoves
daxmareba osmalebs. Tumca osmalebs Txovna arc sWirdebodaT, isini
Seqmnil mdgomareobasTan Seguebas isedac ar apirebdnen. 1545 wels
samcxeSi arzrumsa da diarbeqiris faSebis sardlobiT osmalTa didi
laSqari Semovida. bagrat III-m isev Txova daxmareba gurielsa da dadians.
gurieli Tavisi laSqriT bagratis gverdiT dadga, xolo dadianma bagrats
daxmarebaze amjeradac uari ganucxada.
bagratma qarTlis mefesac Txova osmalebis winaaRmdeg samxedro
ZaliT daxmareba. es faqti Zalian sainteresod aqvT aRwerili qarTvel
istorikosebs, isini ara marto faqts gadmogvcemen, aramed iqve erTgvarad
ganazogadeben kidec luarsabis mTel moRvaweobas. beri egnataSvilis
mixedviT, rodesac bagratma Seityo didi laSqris saqarTveloSi wamosvlis
ambavi, maT winaaRmdeg sabrZolvelad dahpatiJa mefesa qarTlisasa
luarsabs... xolo mefesa qarTlisasa luarsabs daRacaTu aravin
uSueleboda usjuloTa zeda, aramed TAT raoden Zal-edva ara dazogis
Tavi da warvidis da mieSuelis, rameTu eZRAneboda saqarTvelosaTAis,
viTarca mamasa SvilTaTAis, da Seiyara spa TAisi da warvida bagratTana"
(beri egnataSvili, 1959, gv. 358). marTlac, rodesac 1545 wels bagratis
dasaxmareblad luarsabis wasvlas aRweren, axali qarTlis cxovrebis
mesame teqstis avtori da vaxuSti, beri egnataSvilis msgavsad afaseben
luarsabis politikas zogadad (axali qarTlis cxovreba, 1959, gv. 499;
vaxuSti 1973, gv. 403).
qarTvelTa gaerTianebuli laSqari basianisaken gaemarTa, sadac
dabanakebuli iyo osmalTa jari. brZolis dawyebis win qarTvelTa Soris
uTanxmoebam iCina Tavi. qarTvelTa banakSi myofi mesxebi moiTxovdnen, rom
winambrZoloba aucileblad maTi yofiliyo. luarsabis Tanmxlebma
meomrebma winambrZoloba ar daTmes da mesxebma amis gamo brZolaSi
monawileoba ar miiRes. es brZola ki 1545 wels basianSi soxoistas velze
Sedga da qarTvelTa damarcxebiT dasrulda (axali qarTlis cxovreba,
1959, gv. 499-500; beri egnataSvili, 1959, gv. 358; vaxuSti, 1973, gv. 403;
qronikebi, 1897, gv. 387).
soxoistas brZolaSi gamarjvebis Semdgom osmalebma aTabagad dasves
qaixosro III (1545-1573). amasTanave, osmalebma am droidan samcxeSi
TavianTi mmarTvelobisa da wesebis danergvis procesi Zlier gaafarToves.
bagrat III Seqmnil mdgomareobasTan Seguebas ar apirebda da 1546 wels
Tavisi laSqriT isev gadavida samcxis teritoriaze, magram im pirobebSi,
roca imerTa mefe mokavSireebis gareSe moqmedebda da osmalebs samcxeSi
didi Zalebi hyavdaT koncentrirebuli, mis laSqrobas warmatebis
perspeqtiva ar hqonda. is ki aRsaniSnavia, rom am laSqrobidan ukan
dabrunebisas bagrat III-m samcxidan imereTSi awyuris RvTismSoblis xati
waasvena (axali qarTlis cxovreba, 1959, gv. 500-501; vaxuSti, 1973, gv. 813).
amis Semdgom qaixosro II-is xelisuflebas imerTa mefisagan safrTxe
aRar damuqrebia da ufro piriqiT xdeboda, qaixosro aTabagi bagrat III-
is winaaRmdeg mis qveSevrdomebs guriels da dadians aqezebda da
yovelnairad uwyobda xels maTi separatistuli zraxvebis ganxorcielebas.
amgvarad, bagrat III-is 1535 wels wamowyebuli kampania, romelic
samcxe-saaTabagos SemoerTebas isaxavda miznad, marcxiT damTavrda. imerTa
mefis gadawyvetileba, rom samcxe-saaTabagoze Tavisi xelisufleba
samxedro operaciis gziT gaevrcelebina, didi riskis Semcveli iyo. bagrat
III-m Tavisi da mowinaaRmdegeTa samxedro Zliereba realurad ver Seafasa.
imerTa mefem Tavisi samcxeSi ganxorcielebuli SeteviTi operaciiT, rasac
murjaxeTis brZola mohyva, osmaleTi gamoiwvia. Semdgom ki, rodesac
osmaleTma samcxeSi Tavisi mmarTvelobis da wesebis danergva daiwyo da
mravalricxovani samxedro Zalebis koncentracia gaakeTa, bagrat III
osmaleTis Rirseuli mowinaaRmdege ver aRmoCnda. amitomac 1535-1546
wlebSi bagrat III-is samcxis mimarT gamovlenili aqtivoba uaryofiT
Sefasebas imsaxurebs. amasTanave, isic unda aRiniSnos, rom imerTa mefis da
samcxis mmarTveli wreebisa da osmaleTis imperiis dapirispireba 1545-1546
wlebSi ar dasrulebula da es dapirispireba erT-erTi mizezi iyo imisa,
rom XVI saukunis 40-iani wlebis bolos guriisa da samegrelos
samTavroebma imereTis samefosagan sruli politikuri damoukidebloba
moipoves.

damowmebuli wyaroebi da literatura

axali qarTlis cxovreba, 1959 - axali qarTlis cxovreba, mesame

teqsti: `qarTlis cxovreba", teqsti dadgenili yvela ZiriTadi xelnaweris
mixedviT s. yauxCiSvilis mier, II Tb., 1959.
v. guCua, 1973 - v. guCua, brZola qveynis mTlianobis aRdgenisaTvis
da agresorTa winaaRmdeg XVI s. I naxevarSi: saqarTvelos istoriis
narkvevebi, IV, Tb., 1973.
 beri egnataSvili, 1959 - beri egnataSvili axali qarTlis cxovreba:
`qarTlis cxovreba", II, Tb., 1959.
vaxuSti, 1973 - vaxuSti, aRwera samefosa saqarTvelo~sa: `qarTlis
cxovreba", IV, teqsti dadgenili yvela ZiriTadi xelweris mixedviT s.
yauxCiSvilis mier, Tb., 1973.
m. rexviaSvili, 1989 - m. rexviaSvili, imereTis samefo (1462-1810 ww.),
Tb., 1989.
m. svanaZe, 1971 - m. svanaZe, saqarTvelo-osmaleTis urTierTobis
istoriidan XVI-XVII ss., Tb., 1971.
v. silogava, k. Sengelia, 2007 - v. silogava, k. Sengelia, saqarTvelos
istoria, Tb., 2007.
ibrahim feCevi, 1964 - ibrahim feCevis cnobebi saqarTvelosa da
kavkasiis Sesaxeb, Turquli teqsti qarTuli TargmaniTurT gamosca,
Sesavali da SeniSvna daurTo s. jiqiam, Tb., 1964.
qronikebi, 1897 - qronikebi da sxva masala saqarTvelos istoriisa
da mwerlobisa, Sekrebili, qronologiurad dawyobili da axsnili t.
Jordanias mier, II, tf., 1897.
cxovreba saqarTvelo~sa, 1980 - cxovreba saqarTvelo~sa (parizis
qronika), teqsti gamosacemad moamzada, Sesavali, SeniSvnebi da saZiebeli
daurTo g. alasaniam, Tb., 1980.

MAMUKA MENABDE, DAVID MINDIASHVILI

FROM THE HISTORY OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN

IMERETI AND SAMTSKHE IN THE 30- 40S
OF THE 16TH CENTURY

In the 30s of the 16th century King Bagrat III (1510 - 1565) made efforts to expand
his dominance over the Samtskhe principality. In 1535 he defeated Atabeg Kvarkvare III
of Samtskhe in the battle of Mujakheti. After the defeat in the battle the separatist
Samtskhe principality ceased its existence for a while. Ottoman authorities could not
accept the existing state of affairs and launched an invasion in Samtskhe in 1536. From
this time on Ottomans begin establishing their rules and governance here that meant
creating prerequisites for the eradication of the Georgian element. King Luarsab I of
Karli (1527-1556) supported the policy initiated by Bagrat III. However, the campaign
mounted for the annexation of Samtskhe to Imereti ended up in the battle fought at
Sokhoista where the united forces of Imereti and Kartli lost the battle against the
Ottomans. After the Sokhoista battle Ottomans appointed Kaikhosro III (1545 - 1573), at
the same time they enhanced the process of expanding their rules and form of
governance.
The initiative exercised by King Bagrat III of Imereti with regard to Samtskhe in
the 30s of the 16th century deserves negative assessment. In fact, beginning the military
campaign in Samtskhe the king of Imereti undervalued adversary forces and eventually
poured the oil for the activation of the Ottoman policy in the region. It is also noteworthy
that the hostility between the King of Imereti and Samtskhe rulers with the Ottomans did
not terminate in 1545. This conflict served one of the main reasons for the secession of
Guria and Megrelia principalities and gaining complete political independence from
Imereti Kingdom.