Teknik menjawab kertas 3 Soalan 2

Objektif :
- perlu ada manipulated and responding variable
- tuliskan perkataan to study / to determine
contoh :
To determine the concentration of an external solution which
is isotonic to the cell sap
Problem statement :
- perlu ada manipulated and responding variable
- tulis ayat dalam bentuk soalan , mesti ada tanda ?
What is the concentration of an external solution which is isotonic to the cell sap?
Hypothesis :
- perlu ada manipulated and responding variable
- perlu ada kata penghubung
example:
the higher the concentration of the sugar solution the lower the mass of the potato
strip
manipulated variable - concentration of the sugar solution
responding variable - mass of the potato strip
penghubung - the higher, the lower
The concentration of an external solution which is isotonic to the cell sap is the
concentration of the sugar solution that does not change the mass of the potato strip
Variables :
Manipulated : concentration of the sugar
solution
Responding : change in mass of the potato
strip
Fixed : length of the potato strip

Perkataan yang perlu ada semasa menulis variable :

Concentration, length, volume, rate of reaction
Apparatus and materials :
- lebih baik gabungkan apparatus dan material
Potato, cork borer, petri dish, razor blade, forceps, beaker, tissue paper, electronic
balance, sucrose solutions ( 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%), distilled water
Technique
- tuliskan :
- cara keputusan dapat diperolehi
- alat yang digunakan
- rekod keputusan
Weigh and record the mass of each potato strip using a beam balance before and
after experiment
- perkataan yang digariskan adalah perkataan yang wajib ada semasa menulis
teknik
Procedure :
Dapat menunjukkan :
1. penyediaan radas dan bahan
2. mengendalikan pemboleh ubah
a. berat
b. masa
c. isipadu
3. langkah berjaga-jaga/ ketepatan (ulang eksperimen)
4. cara merekod data
Contoh prosedur:
1. five beakers are labelled P. Q, R, S and T.
2. Beakers P, Q, R, S and T are filled with distilled water 5%, 10%, 15% and
20% sucrose solution respectively
3. A cork borer is used to prepare five strips of potato of the same diameter

4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

each strip is measure and cut at 5 cm.

each strip is wiped with tissue paper to remove any excess water
each strip of potato is weighed and the initial mass is recorded
each strip of potato is put into its respective beaker for an hour
After an hour, the strip of potato is taken out from each beaker, wiped and
weighed . The final mass of each strip of potato is recorded
9. the percentage change in the mass of the strip potato is calculated based on
the following formula
Final mass initial mass x 100
Initial mass
10.A graph showing the percentage change in the mass of the potato strip
against the concentration of sugar solution is plotted
11. the concentration of the external solution which is isotonic
to the cell sap
is determined from the plotted graph
12. the condition of the potato strip, whether turgid or flacid is
also recorded
Results
Jadual :
- perlu ada unit
- pemboleh ubah dimanipulasi
- eksperimen kawalan
- tak perlu data
- perbezaan bacaan awal dan akhir
Solution

Distilled
water
5%
sucrose
solution
10%

Petri
dish

Original
mass of
potato
strip (g)

Final
mass of
potato
strip (g)

Difference Percentage Texture

in mass
difference and
in mass
appearance

sucrose
solution
15%
sucrose
solution
20%
sucrose
solution
Graph :
- tajuk
- unit
- nama bagi setiap paksi ( x dan y )

Conclusions:
- Tulis semula hypothesis
- Tulis hypothesis accepted

Setup an experiment to study the content of vitamin C in fruits such as pineapple,

orange, guava and lemon.
Aim
To study the concentration of vitamin C in different type of fruits
Problem statement :
What is the concentration of vitamin C in different type of
fruits ?
How to determine the concentration of vitamin C in different type of fruits?
Hypothesis:
The concentrations of vitamin C different in each type of fruits
The concentrations of vitamin C in lemon is higher than in guava