Cairn Energy India Limited

UPHEAVAL BUCKLING CALCULATIONS

JP Kenny

Rev
1

CLIENT

Cairn Energy India Limited

SUBJECT

24" Crude Oil Pipeline

DOC NO.

05 2893 - 03 - P - 2 005

PRPD BY
PDoc 24/04/2007
11.1mm wall PDoc 17/05/2007

CHKD BY
CHKD BY

JOB NO.

52893.03

REV NO.

GMurdoch 27/04/07 APP'D BY

Jt Chohan21/05/07 APP'D BY

P Doc 05/05/07
P Doc 21/05/07

1.0 INTRODUCTION
The aim of this calculation is to determine the downforce required on the pipeline to prevent upheaval
buckling as a result of axial compression.
2.0 METHOD
The required downforce is calculated using an equation developed by Ellinas and Palmer (Ref 1).
The required downforce is dependant on the axial force which is calculated in the the Thermal
Expansion Calc Sheet.
An imperfection height of 0.2m is introduced to allow for changes of gradient in the trench.
3.0 INPUT DATA
The input data for this calculation has come from:
Reference 1: ASME B 31.4 and OISD - STD - 141
Reference 2: Refer to Wall thickness Report 052893-03-P-3-020 and Calcs 002 to 010
Reference 3: API 5L X65 Line Pipe

4.0 CALCULATIONS
4.1 Input Data
Max. Operating Pressure

9.0

Nom. Outside Diameter

0.6096

Pipe Material
Specified Min. Yield Strength

MPa

90

barg

24

in

11.1

API 5L X65
SMYS =

448

MPa
mm

Wall Thickness

wt

0.011

Depth of Cover

Modulus of Elasticity

= 2.06E+11 Pa

Density of Steel

76,420

N/m

7790

kg/m3

Density of Soil

14,862

N/m3

1515

kg/m3

Density of Contents

890

kg/m3

Uplift Co-efficient

Uc

0.2

Imperfection Height

Hi

0.2

Total Axial Force

Fa

= 4,639,987 N

03-P-2-005 Rev 01 - 24 inch Crude Oil Buckling.xls

21/05/2007

Page 1 of 3

mm

m
=

206,000 MPa

(Ref 1)
m
(from Longitudinal Stress Calc)
from 052893-03-P-2-010

Self Check...........................
Date...........................

Cairn Energy India Limited

UPHEAVAL BUCKLING CALCULATIONS
JP Kenny
4.2 Longitudinal Stress - Restrained Pipeline
Axs
= pi()/4*(D^2-(D-2*wt)^2)
Cross-sectional Area of Steel
=
Cross-sectional Area of Internals

Axi

m2

0.021

pi()*(D-2*wt)^2

Weight of Soil above pipe

Weight of Steel

Weight of Contents

Pipeline Weight

Moment of inertia

Step 1

Wg

Ws

Wi

Wc

za

0.271

g*h*D

9,060

s*Axs

1,595

o*Axi

241

W s+W i

1,836

m2

N/m

N/m

N/m

N/m

= pi()*wt*(D/2)^3
=

9.87E-04 m4

4.76*(E*I*W c/Hi)^0.5
Fa

=
Step 2

zb

= (Hi*W/(E*I))^0.5
=

Required downforce

Lr

Total Download

Ur

Ld

0.001

= (1.16-za)*Fa*zb
=

Soil Uplift Resistance

1.402

-1,508

N/m

= g*h*D*(1+(Uc*h/D))
=

12,032

Ur+W c

13,869

N/m

N/m

5.0 SUMMARY OF RESULTS

The following table summarises the calculation results:
Variable

Unit

Calculated

Download Required

N/m

-1,508

13,869
Total Download (soil + pipe)
N/m
As the Total download is greater than the Required download, upheaval buckling will not occur.
Note we have not included the insulation in this calculation as it would only improve the
situation making the area of ground at the buckle greater thus increasing the downward
load by having a greater area thus larger soil loads

03-P-2-005 Rev 01 - 24 inch Crude Oil Buckling.xls

21/05/2007

Page 2 of 3

Self Check...........................
Date...........................