Design of Working Piles

DESIGN OF WORKING PILES FOR STACKER RECLAIMER ONLY
A . FOR VERTICAL COMPRESSION ONLY
Grade of Concrete = M 30 Grade of Steel = Fe 500
Pile diameter, D= 750 mm Clear cover (to all r/f) = 50 mm
Maximum safe working load = 200 t Load factor for working pile design = 1.5
Hence test load = 1.5 * 200 = 300 t
C/s area of pile , Ac = 4418 sq cm
Reinforcement provided in pile = 9 nos 16 tor + 9 nos 16 tor
i.e. As = 36 sq cm Pt = 0.815 %
Refer Cl. 39.3 of IS:456-2000,
Pu = 0.4. fck . Ac + 0.67. fy . As = 0.4 * 300 * 4418 + 0.67 * 5000 * 36
= 650760 Kg = 651 t > 300 t

B FOR LATERAL LOAD ONLY (Refer IS:2911 Part 1/Sec 2, Appendix C )
Maximum safe lateral load = 6t
Hence working load , Q = 1.5 * 6 = 9t
Determination of depth of fixity :
As the top soil is cohesionless, K1 = 0.040 ( for loose sand )
E = Modulus of elasticity of pile material = 5000. ( fck )1.2 N/mm2 = 27386.1279 N/mm2
= 273861.279 Kg/cm2
I = Moment of inertia = p. D4 / 64 = 1553155.55 cm4
Therefore, T = ( E.I / K1 )1/5 = 403 cm = 4.03 m
Unsupported pile length considered, L1 = 2.7 m => L1 / T = 0.67
For working piles fixed head is considered.
From Fig 2 of IS:2911 (Part 1 Sec 2 ) - 1979 , Lf/T = 2.04
Hence, Lf = 822 cm = 8.222 m Total cantilever length, L1+Lf = 10.92 m
Moment , Mf = Q * (L1 + Lf )/2 = 49.15 tm
Moment reduction factor , m = 0.9 Refer Fig 3A for free head piles
Design Moment, Mu = 44.23 tm
Mu / fck. d3 = 0.035 d' / d = 0.088
Pu / fck. d2 = 0 From SP:16, Chart 60, p/fck reqd = 0.025
p reqd = 0.75 % Ast reqd = 33.14 cm2 .
i.e. As = 36 sq cm
C FOR LATERAL LOAD AND VERTICAL COMPRESSION
(Refer IS:2911 Part 1/Sec 2, Appendix C )
Maximum factored working load , Pu = 300 t
Maximum factored design Moment, Mu = 44.23 tm
Mu / fck. d3 = 0.035 d' / d = 0.088
Pu / fck. d2 = 0.178 From SP:16, Chart 57, p/fck reqd = 0
p reqd = 0% Ast reqd = 0 cm2 .
i.e. As = 36 sq cm
Minimum reinforcement reqd = 0.4 % = 17.67 cm2 .

(Refer IS:2911 Part 1/Sec 2, Cl. 5.11.1 )
Hence provide 18 nos 12 tor alth at bottom i.e. As reqd = 20.36 cm2 .
DESIGN OF WORKING PILES ( 500 MM DIA )
Hence design load = 1.5 * 120 = 180 t

( minimum reinft at bottom - refer following pages )
i.e. As = 12 sq cm Pt = 0.424 %
Refer Cl. 39.3 of IS:456-2000,
Pu = 0.4. fck . Ac + 0.67. fy . As = 0.4 * 250 * 2827 + 0.67 * 5000 * 12
= 322900 Kg = 322.9 t > 180 t

B FOR LATERAL LOAD AND MAXIMUM VERTICAL COMPRESSION ( SILO FULL )
Maximum safe lateral load = 6.6 t
Factored lateral load , Qu = 1.5 * 6.6 = 9.9 t
As the top soil is clayey K2 = 48.820 Kg/cm2 . ( for unconfined compressive

strength between 1 - 2 Kg/cm2 )
E = Modulus of elasticity of pile material = 5000. ( fck ) 1.2
N/mm =2
25000 N/mm2
= 250000 Kg/cm2
Therefore, R = ( E.I / K2 )1/4 = 239 cm = 2.389 m
Unsupported pile length considered, L1 = 0m => L1 / R = 0
From Fig 2 of IS:2911 (Part 1 Sec 2 ) - 1979 , Lf/R = 2.2
Moment , Mf = Q * (L1 + Lf )/2 = 26 tm
Moment reduction factor , m = 0.82 Refer Fig 3B for fixed head piles
Mu / fck. d3 = 0.04 d' / d = 0.11
Pu / fck. d2 = 0.2 From SP:16, Chart 57, p/fck reqd = 0.01
p reqd = 0.25 % Ast reqd = 7.068 cm2 .
i.e. As = 22 sq cm

C. FOR LATERAL LOAD AND MINIMUM VERTICAL COMPRESSION ( SILO EMPTY )
Maximum horizontal base shear under silo empty case = 178.1 t, say 179 t
Total no. of piles provided = 67
Maximum lateral load per pile during silo empty case = 2.672 t
Design lateral load per pile (considering 25% overloading during seismic case ) = 2.137 t
say , 2.5 t
Minimum vertical load on the piles during silo empty case = 38.62 t
Factored vertical load , Pu = 1.5 * 38.62 = 57.93 t
Depth of fixity = 5.26 m => Moment = 5.26 * 2.5 = 13.15 tm
Moment reduction factor = 0.82
Factored design moement after reduction = 10.78 tm
Mu / fck. d3 = 0.02 d' / d = 0.11
p reqd = 0.025 % Ast reqd = 0.707 cm2 .
i.e. As = 22 sq cm

MARG KARAIKAL PORT LTD PHASE-III FLSMIDTH
SUBSTATION 1 - PILE DESIGN
Hence design load = 1.5 * 130 = 195 t

i.e. As = 8 sq cm Pt = 0.408 %
Refer Cl. 39.3 of IS:456-2000,
Pu = 0.4. fck . Ac + 0.67. fy . As = 0.4 * 250 * 1963 + 0.67 * 5000 * 8
= 223100 Kg = 223.1 t > 195 t

B FOR LATERAL LOAD AND MAXIMUM VERTICAL COMPRESSION

Design lateral load per pile (considering 25% overloading during seismic case ) = 5t
say , 5t
Factored lateral load , Qu = 1.5 * 5 = 7.5 t
As the top soil is cohesionless, K1 = 0.146 Kg/cm3 . ( for loose submerged sand )
E = Modulus of elasticity of pile material = 5000. ( fck )1.2 N/mm2 = 25000 N/mm2
= 250000 Kg/cm2
Unsupported pile length considered, L1 = 0m => L1 / T = 0
Moment , Mf = Q * (L1 + Lf )/2 = 18.23 tm
Mu / fck. D3 = 0.048 d' / D = 0.191
Pu / fck. D2 = 0.312 From SP:16, Chart 62, p/fck reqd = 0.06
p reqd = 1.5 % Ast reqd = 29.45 cm2 .

upto at least 4.86 m + Ld below Pile cut off level.
i.e. As = 34 sq cm

C. FOR LATERAL LOAD AND MINIMUM VERTICAL COMPRESSION

Maximum lateral load per pile = 4t
Design lateral load per pile (considering 25% overloading during seismic case ) = 5t
say , 5t
Minimum vertical load on the piles (assumed) = 20 t
Factored lateral load , Qu = 1.5 * 5 = 7.5 t
Factored vertical load , Pu = 1.5 * 20 = 30 t
Depth of fixity = 4.86 m => Moment = 4.86 * 7.5/ 2 = 18.23 tm
Moment reduction factor = 0.82
Factored design moement after reduction = 14.94 tm
Mu / fck. D3 = 0.048 d' / D = 0.191
p reqd = 1.25 % Ast reqd = 24.54 cm2 .

i.e. As = 34 sq cm

Hence test load = 1.5 * 120 = 180 t
i.e. As = 48 sq cm Pt = 2.445 %
Refer Cl. 39.3 of IS:456-2000,
Pu = 0.4. fck . Ac + 0.67. fy . As = 0.4 * 250 * 1963 + 0.67 * 5000 * 48
= 357100 Kg = 357.1 t > 180 t
B . FOR UPLIFT ONLY
Maximum safe uplift load = 30 t
Hence factored load = 1.5 * 30 = 45 t
Considering that full tension will be taken up by reinforcement (r/f same as above )
Strength of pile = 13.57 * 5000 / 1000 = 67.85 t > 45 t

C. FOR LATERAL LOAD ONLY (Refer IS:2911 Part 1/Sec 2, Appendix C )
Hence working load , Q = 1.5 * 4.5 = 6.75 t
As the top soil is clayey K2 = 48.820 Kg/cm2 . ( for unconfined compressive

strength between 1 - 2 Kg/cm2 )
E = Modulus of elasticity of pile material = 5000. ( fck ) 1.2
N/mm =2
25000 N/mm2
= 250000 Kg/cm2
Therefore, R = ( E.I / K2 )1/4 = 199 cm = 1.991 m
Unsupported pile length considered, L1 = 0m => L1 / R = 0
Moment , Mf = Q * (L1 + Lf )/2 = 14.78 tm
Mu / fck. d3 = 0.039 d' / d = 0.136
p reqd = 0.8 % Ast reqd = 15.7 cm2 .
i.e. As = 31 sq cm
D FOR LATERAL LOAD AND VERTICAL COMPRESSION
Hence test load , Q = 1.5 * 6.6 = 9.9 t

= 250000 Kg/cm2
Unsupported pile length considered, L1 = 2.7 m => L1 / T = 0.94366485
Moment , Mf = Q * (L1 + Lf )/2 = 42.26 tm
Mu / fck. d3 = 0.039 d' / d = 0.136
p reqd = 0.3 % Ast reqd = 5.889 cm2 .
i.e. As = 48 sq cm

E FOR LATERAL LOAD AND UPLIFT
Maximum factored uplift load , Tu = 45 t gc = 1.5
m = (gc / 1.5 ).Mu / fck.Ac.h = 0.05 c/h = d' / d = 0.136
n = (gc/1.5).Tu / fck. Ac = 0.092
From Columns 2.2-F3 of Ghanekar & Jain's Book, w = (gc/1.5)*As*fy / Ac*fck = 0.24
Ast reqd = 2356 mm2 . = 23.56 cm2 .
i.e. As = 48 sq cm

Beyond the depth of fixity the tension will travel upto the bottom of the stem.
(assumed on conservative side)
Considering that full tension will be taken up by reinforcement (with the minm r/f provided)
Hence okay
DESIGN OF PILES FOR INITIAL TESTS
Pile diameter, D = 600 mm Clear cover (to all r/f) = 50 mm
Maximum safe working load = 100 t Load factor for initial test pile design = 3
Hence test load = 3 * 100 = 300 t
i.e. As = 24 sq cm Pt = 0.849 %
Refer Cl. 39.3 of IS:456-2000,
Pu = 0.4. fck . Ac + 0.67. fy . As = 0.4 * 250 * 2827 + 0.67 * 5000 * 24
= 363100 Kg = 363.1 t > 300 t
B . FOR UPLIFT ONLY
Maxm uplift load considered = 35 t
Considering that full tension will be taken up by reinforcement
i.e. As = 31 sq cm Pt = 1.097 %
Strength of pile = 31 *0.87* 5000 / 1000 = 134.85 t > 105 t

C FOR LATERAL LOAD ONLY (Refer IS:2911 Part 1/Sec 2, Appendix C )
Hence test load , Q = 3*8 = 24 t
As the top soil is cohesionless, K1 = 4.400 * 103 kN/m3 = 0.44 kg/cm3

( for Granular soil , Table 3 corresponding to N = 31)
= 250000 Kg/cm2
For test piles free head is considered.
Hence, Lf = 389 cm = 3.894 m Moment , Mf = Q * (L1 + Lf ) = 93.45 tm
Mu / fck. d3 = 0.069 d' / d = 0.11
p reqd = 1.55 % Ast reqd = 43.82 cm2 .
i.e. As = 48 sq cm
DESIGN OF WORKING PILES ( 1000 MM DIA ) - pile length = 24 m
Hence design load = 1.5 * 65 = 97.5 t

i.e. As = 32 sq cm Pt = 0.407 %
Refer Cl. 39.3 of IS:456-2000,
Pu = 0.4. fck . Ac + 0.67. fy . As = 0.4 * 300 * 7854 + 0.67 * 5000 * 32
= 1049680 Kg = 1050 t > 97.5 t
Provide 8 tor @ 250 c/c alth
B FOR LATERAL LOAD AND VERTICAL COMPRESSION

Maximum safe lateral load = 9 t
say , 11.5 t
Maximum factored working load , Pu = 97.5 t

= 273861.279 Kg/cm2
Unsupported pile length considered, L1 = 0 m => L1 / T = 0

Moment , Mf = Q * (L1 + Lf )/2 = 111 tm
Mu / fck. D3 = 0.03 d' / D = 0.068
p reqd = 0.6 % Ast reqd = 47.12 cm2 .

i.e. As = 64 sq cm

Hence provide 8 nos 16 tor + 8 nos

16 tor alth at bottom
i.e. As reqd = 32.17 cm2 .
Provide 8 tor @ 250 c/c from top upto 8.6 m + Ld and 8 tor @ 190 c/c thereafter upto bottom
C FOR LATERAL LOAD AND UPLIFT

(Refer IS:2911 Part 1/Sec 2, Annex C )
Maximum safe uplift load = 10 t (refer pile requirement calculation)
n = (gc/1.5).Tu / fck. Ac = 0.006
Ast reqd = 6597 mm2 . = 66 cm2 .

i.e. As = 78.5 sq cm

Provide 8 nos 16 tor + 8 nos 16 tor alth at bottom i.e. As reqd = 32.17 cm2 .
Hence okay

Hence provide 8 nos 16 tor + 8 nos 16 tor alth at bottom

i.e. As reqd = 32.17 cm2 .
DESIGN OF WORKING PILES ( 600 MM DIA ) - pile length 24 m
Maximum safe working load = 41.24 t Load factor for working pile design = 1.5
Hence design load = 1.5 * 41.24 = 61.86 t

i.e. As = 11 sq cm Pt = 0.389 %
Refer Cl. 39.3 of IS:456-2000,
Pu = 0.4. fck . Ac + 0.67. fy . As = 0.4 * 300 * 2827 + 0.67 * 5000 * 11
= 376090 Kg = 376 t > 61.86 t

Maximum safe lateral load = 3 t
say , 4 t
Factored lateral load , Qu = 1.5 * 4 = 6 t

= 273861.279 Kg/cm2
Moment , Mf = Q * (L1 + Lf )/2 = 25.56 tm
Maximum factored design Moment, Mu = 21 tm
Mu / fck. D3 = 0.032 d' / D = 0.113
p reqd = 0.6 % Ast reqd = 17 cm2 .

i.e. As = 40 sq cm


i.e. As reqd = 11.31 cm2 .

Maximum safe uplift load = 10 t ( considered conservatively - refer pile requirement
calculations )
Maximum factored design Moment, Mu = 21 tm

n = (gc/1.5).Tu / fck. Ac = 0.018
Ast reqd = 3562 mm2 . = 35.62 cm2 .


Hence okay


i.e. As reqd = 11.31 cm2 .
Hence design load = 1.5 * 23 = 34.5 t

i.e. As = 11 sq cm Pt = 0.389 %
Refer Cl. 39.3 of IS:456-2000,
Pu = 0.4. fck . Ac + 0.67. fy . As = 0.4 * 300 * 2827 + 0.67 * 5000 * 11
= 376090 Kg = 376 t > 34.5 t

say , 5.5 t

= 273861.279 Kg/cm2
Moment , Mf = Q * (L1 + Lf )/2 = 35.14 tm
Mu / fck. D3 = 0.044 d' / D = 0.113

i.e. As = 40 sq cm


i.e. As reqd = 11.31 cm2 .
calculations )
n = (gc/1.5).Tu / fck. Ac = 0.018
Ast reqd = 3392 mm2 . = 33.92 cm2 .


Hence okay


i.e. As reqd = 11.31 cm2 .

i.e. As = 11 sq cm Pt = 0.389 %
Refer Cl. 39.3 of IS:456-2000,
Pu = 0.4. fck . Ac + 0.67. fy . As = 0.4 * 300 * 2827 + 0.67 * 5000 * 11
= 376090 Kg = 376 t > 73.92 t

say , 5.5 t

= 273861.279 Kg/cm2
Moment , Mf = Q * (L1 + Lf )/2 = 35.14 tm
Mu / fck. D3 = 0.044 d' / D = 0.138

i.e. As = 20 sq cm


i.e. As reqd = 11.31 cm2 .

calculations )
Maximum factored uplift load , Tu = 19.5 t gc = 1.5

n = (gc/1.5).Tu / fck. Ac = 0.023
Ast reqd = 3562 mm2 . = 35.62 cm2 .


Strength of pile = 11.31 * 5000 / 1000 = 56.55 t > 19.5 t
Hence okay


i.e. As reqd = 11.31 cm2 .
DESIGN OF PILES FOR INITIAL TESTS
Pile diameter, D = 600 mm
Maximum safe working load = 130 t Load factor for initial test pile design = 3
i.e. As = 54 sq cm
Refer Cl. 39.3 of IS:456-2000,
Pu = 0.4. fck . Ac + 0.67. fy . As = 0.4 * 250 * 2827 + 0.67 * 4150 * 54
= 432847 Kg = 433 t > 390 t
B FOR UPLIFT ONLY
Considering that full tension will be taken up by reinforcement
Strength of pile = 54 * 4150 / 1000 = 224.1 t > 78 t

C FOR LATERAL LOAD ONLY (Refer IS:2911 Part 1/Sec 2, Appendix C
Hence test load = 3 * 6.5 = 19.5 t
= 250000 Kg/cm2
Therefore, T = ( E.I / K1 )1/5 = 256 cm
Unsupported pile length above GL, L1 = 0 m => L1 / T = 0
For test piles free head is considered.
Hence, Lf = 498 cm = 4.983 m Design moment , M = 97.16 tm
Moment reduction factor , m = 0.4 Design Moment M = 38.86 tm


i.e. As = 11 sq cm Pt = 0.389 %
Refer Cl. 39.3 of IS:456-2000,
Pu = 0.4. fck . Ac + 0.67. fy . As = 0.4 * 300 * 2827 + 0.67 * 5000 * 11
= 376090 Kg = 376 t > 75.93 t

say , 5.5 t

= 273861.279 Kg/cm2
Moment , Mf = Q * (L1 + Lf )/2 = 35.14 tm
Mu / fck. D3 = 0.044 d' / D = 0.138

i.e. As = 20 sq cm


i.e. As reqd = 11.31 cm2 .

Maximum safe uplift load = 12.4 t ( considered conservatively - refer pile requirement
calculations )
Maximum factored uplift load , Tu = 18.6 t gc = 1.5

n = (gc/1.5).Tu / fck. Ac = 0.022
Ast reqd = 3562 mm2 . = 35.62 cm2 .


Strength of pile = 11.31 * 5000 / 1000 = 56.55 t > 18.6 t
Hence okay


i.e. As reqd = 11.31 cm2 .

Design of Working Piles

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Design of Working Piles

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DESIGN OF WORKING PILES FOR STACKER RECLAIMER ONLY

A . FOR VERTICAL COMPRESSION ONLY

Grade of Concrete = M 30 Grade of Steel = Fe 500

Pile diameter, D= 750 mm Clear cover (to all r/f) = 50 mm

Hence test load = 1.5 * 200 = 300 t

C/s area of pile , Ac = 4418 sq cm

Reinforcement provided in pile = 9 nos 16 tor + 9 nos 16 tor

Refer Cl. 39.3 of IS:456-2000,

Pu = 0.4. fck . Ac + 0.67. fy . As = 0.4 * 300 * 4418 + 0.67 * 5000 * 36

= 650760 Kg = 651 t > 300 t

Maximum safe lateral load = 6t

Hence working load , Q = 1.5 * 6 = 9t

Determination of depth of fixity :

As the top soil is cohesionless, K1 = 0.040 ( for loose sand )

I = Moment of inertia = p. D4 / 64 = 1553155.55 cm4

Therefore, T = ( E.I / K1 )1/5 = 403 cm = 4.03 m

Unsupported pile length considered, L1 = 2.7 m => L1 / T = 0.67

For working piles fixed head is considered.

From Fig 2 of IS:2911 (Part 1 Sec 2 ) - 1979 , Lf/T = 2.04

Hence, Lf = 822 cm = 8.222 m Total cantilever length, L1+Lf = 10.92 m

Moment , Mf = Q * (L1 + Lf )/2 = 49.15 tm

Design Moment, Mu = 44.23 tm

Mu / fck. d3 = 0.035 d' / d = 0.088

Pu / fck. d2 = 0 From SP:16, Chart 60, p/fck reqd = 0.025

p reqd = 0.75 % Ast reqd = 33.14 cm2 .

Reinforcement provided in pile = 9 nos 16 tor + 9 nos 16 tor

Maximum factored working load , Pu = 300 t

Maximum factored design Moment, Mu = 44.23 tm

Mu / fck. d3 = 0.035 d' / d = 0.088

Pu / fck. d2 = 0.178 From SP:16, Chart 57, p/fck reqd = 0

p reqd = 0% Ast reqd = 0 cm2 .

Reinforcement provided in pile = 9 nos 16 tor + 9 nos 16 tor

Minimum reinforcement reqd = 0.4 % = 17.67 cm2 .

A . FOR VERTICAL COMPRESSION ONLY

Grade of Concrete = M 25 Grade of Steel = Fe 500

Pile diameter, D= 600 mm Clear cover (to all r/f) = 50 mm

Hence design load = 1.5 * 120 = 180 t

C/s area of pile , Ac = 2827 sq cm

Reinforcement provided in pile = 5 nos 12 tor + 6 nos 12 tor

Refer Cl. 39.3 of IS:456-2000,

Pu = 0.4. fck . Ac + 0.67. fy . As = 0.4 * 250 * 2827 + 0.67 * 5000 * 12

= 322900 Kg = 322.9 t > 180 t

Maximum factored working load , Pu = 180 t

Factored lateral load , Qu = 1.5 * 6.6 = 9.9 t

Determination of depth of fixity :

As the top soil is clayey K2 = 48.820 Kg/cm2 . ( for unconfined compressive

I = Moment of inertia = p. D4 / 64 = 636172.512 cm4

Therefore, R = ( E.I / K2 )1/4 = 239 cm = 2.389 m

Unsupported pile length considered, L1 = 0m => L1 / R = 0

For working piles fixed head is considered.

From Fig 2 of IS:2911 (Part 1 Sec 2 ) - 1979 , Lf/R = 2.2

Hence, Lf = 526 cm = 5.256 m Total cantilever length, L1+Lf = 5.26 m

Moment , Mf = Q * (L1 + Lf )/2 = 26 tm

Maximum factored design Moment, Mu = 21.35 tm

Mu / fck. d3 = 0.04 d' / d = 0.11

Pu / fck. d2 = 0.2 From SP:16, Chart 57, p/fck reqd = 0.01

p reqd = 0.25 % Ast reqd = 7.068 cm2 .

Reinforcement provided in pile = 6 nos 16 tor + 5 nos 16 tor

Minimum reinforcement reqd = 0.4 % = 11.31 cm2 .

Total no. of piles provided = 67

Factored lateral load , Qu = 1.5 * 2.5 = 3.75 t

Factored vertical load , Pu = 1.5 * 38.62 = 57.93 t

Depth of fixity = 5.26 m => Moment = 5.26 * 2.5 = 13.15 tm