Design of Steel Gymnasium

Structural Computations

Assumption of Loadings

Dead loads:

Weight of roofing = 160 N/m²

Weight of purlins = 75 to 125 N/m²

Weight of bracing = 15 N/m²

Live loads:

LL = 1000 N/m² (minimum roof live load specified on NSCP table 205-3 )

Wind loads:

Design wind forces

Velocity pressure

qz = 0.0000473 Kz Kzt Kd V² Iw ( NSCP 2010, Sec. 207.5.10 Eq. 207-15 p 2-27 )

Where:

qz – velocity pressure in Kpa

Kz – velocity pressure exposure coefficient

h = 11.0 m

Kz = 1.04 (Exposure C)

Kzt – wind speed up on terrain

Structural Computations

Assumption of Loadings

Dead loads:

Weight of roofing = 160 N/m²

Weight of purlins = 75 to 125 N/m²

Weight of bracing = 15 N/m²

Live loads:
LL = 1000 N/m² (minimum roof live load specified on NSCP table 205-3 )

Wind loads:

Design wind forces

Velocity pressure

qz = 0.0000473 Kz Kzt Kd V² Iw ( NSCP 2010, Sec. 207.5.10 Eq. 207-15 p 2-27 )

Where:

qz – velocity pressure in Kpa

Kz – velocity pressure exposure coefficient

h = 11.0 m

Kz = 1.04 (Exposure C)

Kzt – wind speed up on terrain

Kzt = 1.0 (For site condition that did not meet all the condition specified in NSCP 2010 section 207.5.7.1)
Kd – wind directionality factor

Kd = 0.85 (NSCP table 207-2 main wind force resisting system)

V – Basic wind speed in km/hr

V = 250 km/hr (NSCP table 207-1 wind zone for the different provinces in the Philippines) I – importance
factor
I = 1.15 (NSCP 2010 table 207-3 )

Velocity pressure, qz

qz = 0.0000473 Kz Kzt Kd V² Iw

qz = 0.0000473 x 1.04 x 1.0 x 0.85 x 250² x 1.15

qz = 3.01 Kn/m2

Design wind pressure, P

P = qh [(GC pf) – (GC pi)] (NSCP 2010 Eq. 207-18 MWFRS of low rise building)

Where:

qh – velocity pressure evaluated at mean roof height in Kpa

qh = qz
qh = 3.01 Kn/m2

GC pf – external pressure coefficient from figure 207-10 of NSCP 2010

Roof angle ɵ = 8.53˚

GC pf = -1.07 (2E)

GC pf = -0.69 (3E)

GC pf = 0.80 (1E)

GC pi - external pressure coefficient from figure 207-5 of NSCP 2010

GC pi = 0.55

GC pi = -0.55

Design wind pressure, P

P = qh [(GC pf) – (GC pi)]

P windward = 3.01 [(-1.07) – (0.55)] = -4.88 Kpa (Govern for windward)

P windward = 3.01 [(-1.07) – (-0.55)] = -1.56 Kpa

P leeward = 3.01 [(-0.69) – (0.55)] = -3.73 Kpa (Govern for leeward)

P leeward = 3.01 [(-0.69) – (-0.55)] = -1.26 Kpa

P wall = 3.01 [(0.80) – (0.55)] = 0.75 Kpa

P wall = 3.01 [(0.80) – (-0.55)] = 4.06 Kpa

Design Criteria

1.1 Code and Standard

1.1.1 National Structural Code of the Philippines 2010, 2015

th
1.1.2 American Institute of Steel Construction, 14 Edition

1.1.3 ACI Code 318M-11

1.2 Materials

1.2.1 Concrete
 Footings, Wall footings, Pedestal & f’c = 20.68 mpa (ASTM C-94-81)

Slab on Grade

1.2.2 Reinforcing Steel

16 mm. diameter and larger Fy = 413.70 mpa (ASTM A615-M)

12 mm. diameter and smaller Fy = 275.80 mpa (ASTM A615-M)

1.2.3 Structural Steel Fy = 248 mpa

Base plate & Gusset plate Fy = 345 mpa

Sag rods & Cross bracing Fu = 300 mpa

Bolts Fu = 800 mpa

Weld Fw = 482.70 mpa

1.3 Loads

1.3.1 Dead load Intensity

Concrete 24000.00 n/m³

Roofing 160 n/m²

Purlins self-weight 75 n/m²

1.3.2 Live load

Roof live load 1000 n/m²

1.3.3 Wind load

qz = 0.0000473 Kz Kzt Kd V² Iw

qz = 0.0000473 x 1.04 x 1.0 x 0.85 x 250² x 1.15

qz = 3.01 kn/m²
 Design wind pressure, P

P = qh [(GC pf) – (GC pi)]

P windward = 3.01 [(-1.07) – (0.55)] = -4.88 kn/m²

P leeward = 3.01 [(-0.69) – (0.55)] = -3.73 kn/m²

1.4 Allowable Soil bearing capacity Fq = 50 kn/m²

Design of purlins
Span, L = 6.0 m

Roof slope = 13.2˚

Purlin spacing, S = 1.0 m

Number of sag rods = 2

Solution:

Dead load:

Roofing = 160 N/m²

Purlin self-weight = 75 N/m²

Total, Pdl = 235 N/m²

Live load:

Pll = 1000 N/m²

Wind load:

Wind velocity pressure, qz = 3.01 Kn/m2

Figure 3. Diagram of Purlin

For normal axis load:

DL = Pdl x Cosθ x S = 235 N/ m² x Cos 13.2˚ x 1m = 228.79 N/m

LL = Pll x Cosθ x S = 1000 N/ m² x Cos 13.2˚ x 1m = 973.58 N/m

WL = qz xS = 3005 N/ m² x 1m = 3005 N/m

For tangential axis load:

DL = Pdl x Sinθ x S = 235 N/ m² x Sin 13.2˚ x 1m = 53.66 N/m

LL = Pll x Sinθ x S = 1000 N/ m² x Sin 13.2˚ x 1m

= 228.35 N/m Load combinations:

Case 1: (DL + LL)

Wn = 228.79 + 973.58 = 1202.37 N/m

Wt = 53.66 + 228.35 = 282.01 N/m

Case 2: DL + LL + 0.6WL

Wn = 228.79 + 973.58 + 0.6x3005 = 3005.37 N/m

Wt = 0.75 (53.66 + 228.35) = 211.51 N/m

Case 2 Govern

Normal bending moments

Mn = 1/8 Wn L² = 1/8 (3005.37 N/m) (6m)² = 13524.16 N-m

Tangential bending moments

Mt = 1/32 Wt L² = 1/32 (282.01 N/m) (6m)² = 317.26 N-m

Trial section:

Required depth, L/27 = 6000/27 = 222.22 mm

Try LC 220x75x25x5
W = 14.86 kg/m Ix = 13032 x 10³ mm₄ Iy = 1259 x 10³
 mm₄

A = 1883 mm² Sx = 118.5 x 10³ mm³ Sy = 23.7 x 10³ mm³

R = 10 mm rx = 83 mm ry = 25.8 mm

Xc = 21.8 mm Fy = 248 mpa E = 200000 mpa

Mcap. n = 0.60 (248 N/mm²) (118.5 x 10³ mm³) = 17632800 N-mm

or 17632.8 N-m Mcap. t = 0.60 (Fy) ( Sy ) (½ )

Mcap. t = 0.60 (248 N/mm²) (23.7 x 10³ mm³) (½) = 1763280 N-mm or 17632.8 N-m

Check interaction:

Mn + Mt ≤ 1.0
Mcap.n
Mcap.t

13524.16 + 317.26 ≤ 1.0

17632.8 1763.28

Therefore Use: LC 220x75x25x5 for purlin

Design of Sag rods

Dead load:

Average weight of 14 purlins on each side of the roof

14 (14.86 x 9.81) = 152.53 N/m²

13.38
Roofing = 160 N/m²

Total, Pdl = 312.53 N/m²

Live load:

Pll = 1000 N/m²

Pdl + Pll = 312.53 + 1000 = 1312.53 N/m²

Component of loads parallel to roof surface

 = (2.167/13.38) (1312.53 N/m²)

= 212.57 N/m²

= (13.38m) (2m) (212.57 N/m²)

= 5688.37 N

Try 5/8 in (16mm) sag rod as minimum practical size, 11 threads per in. from

AISC table 7-18 A = 0.307 in² or 198.06 mm²

Rn = 0.75 (400 mpa) (198.06 mm²) = 59418 N

ASD with Ω = 2.00

Rn = 59418 N = 29,709 N > 5688.37 N (Safe)

Ω 2

Truss Analysis

Total Pdl at each joint of top chord = 2285.55 N or 2.29 Kn

Point load at eave joint = 2.29 Kn x 0.50 = 1.15 Kn

Live load at each joint of top chord:

LL = 1

Kn/m² x

1m x 6m

LL = 6 Kn
P windward joint load @ eave = -29.69 x 0.5 = -14.85 kn

P leeward joint load @ eave = -22.69 x 0.5 = -11.35 kn