TRAINING MATERIAL

PRE-ENGINEERED BUILDINGS

DESIGN OF COLD FORM PURLIN

( Z SECTION)

MOHAMMAD RAHMATULLA

Pennar Industries Limited

9Th Floor ( West wing), DHFLVC Silicon Towers
Kondapur, Hyderabad -500084

Mobile no: 9966440094

rahmat@pebspennar.com
mdrpeb@gmail.com
 Cold form section are used for Purlin & Girts
 Z Section depths are used 100,150,200,250,300 MM
 Thickness : 1.5,2,2.5,3.0 MM
 Z-Section are considered as continuous beam, with lapping
of purlin & girts at support of rafter column.
 Z-Section Center of gravity (C.G) & shear center coincide no
torsional effect in Z Section.
 Z section are galvanized. Grade of material 345 N/MM2
 Z section are Stiffened section (Web & flange)
 Sag rod & Sag angle provide Lateral restraint support to
purlin & girts.
 DESIGN OF PURLIN
SECTION PROPERTIES
Assume a Z section with the following properties

Depth (d) = 250mm

Length of stiffener (F) = 64mm

Thickness (t) = 2.5mm

Area (A) = 999mm2

M.O.I Ixx = 880.98x104 mm4, Iyy = 79.38x104mm4

Section modulus Sxx = 70.48x103 mm3, Syy = 10.81x103 mm3

Critical spacing = 1.5m

Roof angle = 5.710

No. of sag rods = 4 Nos.

LOAD DATA:
Dead load (D.L) = 0.1kN/m2

Live load (L.L) = 0.75kN/m2

Design wind pressure (Pz) = 1.366kN/m2

Building width (w) = 25m

Internal pressure coefficient (Cpi) = 0.2

External pressure coefficient (Cpe) = 0.9

Local coefficient = 1.4

Yield strength (Fy) = 345MPa

Young’s modulus (E) = 2x105MPa

UDL ON PURLINS:
DEAD LOAD:

About X-X axis : 0.1x 1.5 x Cos 5.72 = 0.149 KN/m

About Y-Y axis : 0.1x 1.5 x Sin 5.72 = 0.015 KN/m
LIVE LOAD:

About X-X axis : 0.75x 1.5 x Cos 5.72 = 1.119 KN/m

About Y-Y axis : 0.75x 1.5 x Sin 5.72 = 0.112 KN/m

WIND LOAD:

About X-X axis : 1.366 x (0.2 + 1.4) x1.5 = 3.28 KN/m,

As the Edge strip load is critical

LOAD CASES : Px Py

DEAD LOAD + LIVE LOAD (0.149 + 1.119) (0.015 + 0.112)

1.268kN/m 0.127kN/m
DEAD LOAD + WIND LOAD (3.28 - 0.149) x0.75 (0.015 + 0) x 0.75
(Considering 33% inc. of Stress) 2.35kN/m 0.011kN/m

LOADING DIAGRAM: 2.35kN/m

A 7500 B 7500 C 7500 D 7500 E

Ra = 6.93kN Rb = 20.145kN Rc = 16.356kN Rd = 16.356kN Re = 16.356kN

(0.393wl) (1.143wl) (0.928wl) (0.928wl) (0.928wl)

SHEAR FORCE DIAGRAM:

(0.393wl) (0.536wl) (0.464wl) (0.464wl) (0.464wl)

6.93 9.45kN 8.18kN 8.18kN 8.18kN

10.7kN 8.18kN 8.18kN 8.18kN

(0.607wl) (0.464wl) (0.464wl) (0.464wl)

BENDING MOMENT DIAGRAM:
(-0.1071wl2) (-0.0714wl2) (-0.0714wl2) (-0.0714wl2)

-14.16kNm -9.44kNm -9.44kNm -9.44kNm

10.2kNm 4.82kNm 4.82kNm 4.82kNm

(+ 0.0772wl2) (+ 0.0364wl2) (+ 0.0364wl2) (+ 0.0364wl2)

DESIGN MOMENTS:
Major axis Bending - Mxx : 10.2kNm, @ mid span

Major axis Bending - Mxx : 14.16kNm, @ Support

Moment at end of lap - Mxx : 14.16 + 2.35 x0.705^2/2 – 10.2x0.705 = 7.55kNm

Shear force along y direction (Pv) : 10.7kN

Minor axis Bending - Myy : 0.010kNm

ACTUAL BENDING STRESS:

Actual Stress major axis - fbc.cal-xx = Mxx / Sx = 10.2 x 10^6 / 70.48x 10^3 = 144.72MPa

(As the mid span moment governs)

Actual Stress minor axis - fbc.cal-yy = Mxx / Sy = 0.01 x 10 ^ 6 / 10.81x 10 ^ 3 = 0.925MPa

AXIAL LOAD ACTING IN THE PURLIN:

Load on the ridge column at gable end = 1.366x6.25 (bay spacing) x14.25 (height) =122kN

No. of bays 4 of 6.25m bay spacing (total width of building is 25m)

Hence, axial load share on purlin at 6.25m from eves end = (122/2x2x4) = 7.63kN

And, load on the gable column at 6.25m from eves end = 1.366x6.25x13.625 =116.3kN

Hence, axial load share on purlin at 6.25m from eves end = (116.3/2x4) =14.54kN
 Axial load coming on to the purlin at 6.25m from eves end = (7.63 + 14.54) = 22.17kN
ALLOWABLE BENDING STRESS:
As per the clause 6.3 of IS 801:1975

UN supported length (L) = 150cm

Fy =345MPa = 3517kg/cm2; F = 0.6Fy = 2110kg/cm2, E =2.08x106 kg/cm2

Co-efficient of bending (Cb) = 1.75 (As simply supported end moment is zero)

Iyc = Iyy/ 2 = (79.38/2) = 39.69 cm4

L2x Sxc/ dIyc = 1502x70.48/ (25x39.69) = 1598.2

0.18x π2x E x Cb /Fy = 0.18x π2x2x105x1.75/345 = 1802.3

0.9x π2x E x Cb /Fy = 0.9x π2x2x105x1.75/345 = 9011.34

Allowable bending stress Fbx = 2/3Fy - Fy2 x (L2x Sxc/ dIyc) / (2.7x π2 x E x Cb)

= 2/3(345) - 3452 (1598.2)/ (2.7x π2 x2x105x1.75)

= 209.6MPa > 144.72MPa

Allowable bending stress Fby = 0.6Fy = 0.6x345 = 207MPa > 0.925MPa

ALLOWABLE AXIAL STRESS:

Actual Axial force in the purlin Fa= 22.17kN

FOR UN STIFFENED ELEMENT:

Flat width ratio of UN supported element,

W/t = (15 – 2.5 – 4)/2.5 = 3.4

As per IS 801:1975 clause 6.2(a),

530/Fy0.5 = 8.94 > 3.4

 Fc = 0.6Fy = 2110kg/cm2

Qs = Fc/F =1.0

FOR STIFFENED ELEMENTS:

For flange: clause 5.2.1.1 of IS 801:1975

(W/t) act = [64 – 2(2.5 + 4)]/2.5 = 20.4

(W/t) limit = 1435/ F 0.5 = 1435/ (2110)0.5 = 31.24 > (W/t) act
 be = 20.4x2.5 = 51mm (No reduction in flange width)
For web: (W/t) act = [250 – 2(2.5 + 4)]/2.5 = 94.8

(W/t) limit = 1435/ F 0.5 = 1435/ (2110)0.5 = 31.24 < (W/t) act
 be/t = 2120[1-{465/((W/t) act x Fc0.5)}]/ Fc0.5

= 2120[1 – {465/94.8x21100.5}]/21100.5 = 41.23

be = 41.23x2.5 = 103mm =10.3cm

Aeff =Ag – 0.25 (23.7 – 10.3) = (9.99 – 3.35) = 6.64cm2

Qa = Aeff/Ag = (6.64/9.99) = 0.665

 Q = Qa x Qs = 0.665

rmin = Iyy
Ag = 2.82cm

KL/rmin = 150/2.82 = 53.19

Cc 2 2 E

Q QFy

= {2xπ2x2.08x106/(0.665x3517)}0.5 = 132.5 > 53.19

 Fa1 = 0.522QFy – {(QFyKL/rmin)/12500}2

= 0.522x0.665x3517 – (0.665x3517x53.19/12500)2 = 1121.81kg/cm2

 Pall = Fa1Ag =1121.81x9.99 = 11207kg = 109.94kN > 22.17kN

Hence, section is safe in

CHECK FOR COMBINED AXIAL AND BIAXIAL MOMENT:

Section 6.7.1 of IS 800:1975, the combined interaction equation is

Fa f f by
 bx   1.0
Fa1 Fbx Fby

(22.17/109.94) + (144.72/209.6) + (0.925/207) = 0.897 < 1.0

Hence, the section is safe in combined moment and axial force action

CHECK FOR SHEAR STRESS:

Actual shear stress, fv = Pv/ (d x t) = (10.7x1000/9.81)/ (25x0.25) = 174.52kg/cm2

d/t = 25/0.25 = 100

(d/t) limit = 4590/Fy0.5 = 4590/35170.5 = 77.4 < (d/t)

From the clause 6.4.1(b)

Allowable shear stress Fv = 5850000/ (d/t) 2 =5850000/1002 = 585kg/cm2 > fv

Hence, section is safe in shear

CHECK FOR DEFLECTION:

Actual deflection = 0.0026wl4/ (EI) @ 0.44L {If mid span moment governs}

= 0.0026x2.35x75004/ (2x105x880.98x104) =10.98mm

Allowable deflection = span/150 = 7500/150 = 50mm > 10.98mm

Hence, deflection criterion is satisfied