budynas_SM_ch02.

qxd

11/22/2006

16:28

FIRST PAGES

Page 6

Chapter 2
2-1 From Table A-20
Sut = 470 MPa (68 kpsi), S y = 390 MPa (57 kpsi)

Ans.

2-2 From Table A-20

Sut = 620 MPa (90 kpsi), S y = 340 MPa (49.5 kpsi) Ans.
2-3 Comparison of yield strengths:
Sut of G10 500 HR is
Syt of SAE1020 CD is

620
= 1.32 times larger than SAE1020 CD
470
390
= 1.15 times larger than G10500 HR
340

Ans.
Ans.

From Table A-20, the ductilities (reduction in areas) show,

SAE1020 CD is

40
= 1.14 times larger than G10500
35

Ans.

The stiffness values of these materials are identical Ans.

Sut
MPa (kpsi)

Sy
MPa (kpsi)

Table A-20
Ductility
R%

SAE1020 CD 470(68)
UNS10500 HR 620(90)

390 (57)
340(495)

40
35

Table A-5
Stiffness
GPa (Mpsi)
207(30)
207(30)

2-4 From Table A-21

1040 Q&T S y = 593 (86) MPa (kpsi) at 205C (400F)

Ans.

2-5 From Table A-21

1040 Q&T

R = 65%

at 650C (1200F)

Ans.

2-6 Using Table A-5, the specific strengths are:

Sy
39.5(103 )
=
= 1.40(105 ) in
UNS G10350 HR steel:
W
0.282
2024 T4 aluminum:

Sy
43(103 )
=
= 4.39(105 ) in
W
0.098

Ti-6Al-4V titanium:

Sy
140(103 )
=
= 8.75(105 ) in
W
0.16

ASTM 30 gray cast iron has no yield strength.

Ans.

Ans.
Ans.
Ans.

budynas_SM_ch02.qxd

11/22/2006

16:28

FIRST PAGES

Page 7

Chapter 2

2-7 The specific moduli are:

E
30(106 )
=
= 1.06(108 ) in
W
0.282

UNS G10350 HR steel:

Ans.

2024 T4 aluminum:

E
10.3(106 )
=
= 1.05(108 ) in
W
0.098

Ans.

Ti-6Al-4V titanium:

E
16.5(106 )
=
= 1.03(108 ) in
W
0.16

Ans.

Gray cast iron:

E
14.5(106 )
=
= 5.58(107 ) in
W
0.26

Ans.

2G(1 + ) = E

2-8

E 2G
2G

From Table A-5

Steel: =
Aluminum: =
Beryllium copper: =
Gray cast iron: =

30 2(11.5)
= 0.304
2(11.5)

Ans.

10.4 2(3.90)
= 0.333
2(3.90)
18 2(7)
= 0.286
2(7)
14.5 2(6)
= 0.208
2(6)

Ans.

Ans.
Ans.

2-9
E
U
80
70

Stress PA0 kpsi

60
50
Y

40

Su 85.5 kpsi Ans.

Sy 45.5 kpsi Ans.

30

E 900.003 30 000 kpsi Ans.

20

A0 AF
0.1987 0.1077

(100) 45.8% Ans.

A0
0.1987

10

A0
l l0
l
l

1
1
A
l0
l0
l0

0.002
0.1

0.004
0.2

0.006
0.3

0.008
0.4
Strain,

0.010
0.5

0.012
0.6

0.014
0.7

0.016 (Lower curve)

0.8 (Upper curve)

budynas_SM_ch02.qxd

11/22/2006

16:28

FIRST PAGES

Page 8

Solutions Manual Instructors Solution Manual to Accompany Mechanical Engineering Design

2-10

To plot true vs. , the following equations are applied to the data.
A0 =
Eq. (2-4)

(0.503) 2
= 0.1987 in2
4

= ln

l
l0

= ln

A0
A

true =

for 0 L 0.0028 in
for L > 0.0028 in

P
A

The results are summarized in the table below and plotted on the next page.
The last 5 points of data are used to plot log vs log
m = 0.2306

The curve fit gives

log 0 = 5.1852 0 = 153.2 kpsi

Ans.

For 20% cold work, Eq. (2-10) and Eq. (2-13) give,
A = A0 (1 W ) = 0.1987(1 0.2) = 0.1590 in2
= ln

A0
0.1987
= ln
= 0.2231
A
0.1590

Eq. (2-14):
S y = 0 m = 153.2(0.2231) 0.2306 = 108.4 kpsi

Ans.

Eq. (2-15), with Su = 85.5 kpsi from Prob. 2-9,

Su =
P
0
1 000
2 000
3 000
4 000
7 000
8 400
8 800
9 200
9 100
13 200
15 200
17 000
16 400
14 800

Su
85.5
=
= 106.9 kpsi
1W
1 0.2

Ans.

L

true

log

log true

0
0.0004
0.0006
0.0010
0.0013
0.0023
0.0028
0.0036
0.0089

0.198 713
0.198 713
0.198 713
0.198 713
0.198 713
0.198 713
0.198 713
0.198 4
0.197 8
0.196 3
0.192 4
0.187 5
0.156 3
0.130 7
0.107 7

0
0.000 2
0.000 3
0.000 5
0.000 65
0.001 149
0.001 399
0.001 575
0.004 604
0.012 216
0.032 284
0.058 082
0.240 083
0.418 956
0.612 511

0
5032.388
10 064.78
15 097.17
20 129.55
35 226.72
42 272.06
44 354.84
46 511.63
46 357.62
68 607.07
81 066.67
108 765.2
125 478.2
137 418.8

3.699 01
3.522 94
3.301 14
3.187 23
2.939 55
2.854 18
2.802 61
2.336 85
1.913 05
1.491 01
1.235 96
0.619 64
0.377 83
0.212 89

3.701 774
4.002 804
4.178 895
4.303 834
4.546 872
4.626 053
4.646 941
4.667 562
4.666 121
4.836 369
4.908 842
5.036 49
5.098 568
5.138 046

budynas_SM_ch02.qxd

11/22/2006

16:28

FIRST PAGES

Page 9

Chapter 2

160000
140000

true (psi)

120000
100000
80000
60000
40000
20000
0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4
true

0.5

0.6

0.7

5.2

y 0.2306x 5.1852
5

log 

5.1

4.9

1.6

Tangent modulus at = 0 is
E0 =
At = 20 kpsi

(103 )
0
0.20
0.44
0.80
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.8
3.4
4.0
5.0

1.2

0.8
log 

0.6

0.4

0.2

4.8

 .
5000 0
=
= 25(106 ) psi

0.2(103 ) 0

. (26 19)(103 )
= 14.0(106 ) psi
E 20 =

3
(1.5 1)(10 )
(kpsi)

60

0
5
10
16
19
26
32
40
46
49
54

50

Ans.

40
 (kpsi)

2-11

1.4

(Sy)0.001
35 kpsi Ans.

30
20
10
0

3
 (103)

budynas_SM_ch02.qxd

10

2-12

11/22/2006

16:28

FIRST PAGES

Page 10

Solutions Manual Instructors Solution Manual to Accompany Mechanical Engineering Design

Since |o | = |i |

R+h







R
R
+
N

ln

=
ln

=
ln



R+ N

R+ N


R

R+N
R+h
=
R+N
R
( R + N ) 2 = R( R + h)
N 2 + 2R N Rh = 0

 

h 1/2
N = R 1 1 +
R

From which,
The roots are:

The + sign being significant,




h 1/2
1
N=R
1+
R

Ans.

Substitute for N in
o = ln

Gives

0 = ln

R+h
R+N

R+h



h 1/2
R+ R 1+
R
R




h 1/2

= ln 1 +

Ans.

These constitute a useful pair of equations in cold-forming situations, allowing the surface
strains to be found so that cold-working strength enhancement can be estimated.
2-13

From Table A-22

AISI 1212

S y = 28.0 kpsi, f = 106 kpsi, Sut = 61.5 kpsi

0 = 110 kpsi,

f = 0.85

u = m = 0.24

From Eq. (2-12)

Eq. (2-10)

A0
1
1
=
=
= 1.25
Ai
1W
1 0.2

Eq. (2-13)

i = ln 1.25 = 0.2231 i < u

Eq. (2-14)

S y = 0 im = 110(0.2231) 0.24 = 76.7 kpsi

Eq. (2-15)
2-14

m = 0.24,

Su =

Su
61.5
=
= 76.9 kpsi
1W
1 0.2

Ans.

Ans.

For H B = 250,
Eq. (2-17)

Su = 0.495 (250) = 124 kpsi

= 3.41 (250) = 853 MPa

Ans.

budynas_SM_ch02.qxd

11/22/2006

16:28

FIRST PAGES

Page 11

11

Chapter 2

2-15

For the data given,


H B = 2530

H B2 = 640 226

640 226 (2530) 2 /10
2530
= 3.887
= 253 H B =
H B =
9
10

Eq. (2-17)

2-16

From Prob. 2-15,

Su = 0.495(253) = 125.2 kpsi

Ans.

su = 0.495(3.887) = 1.92 kpsi

Ans.

H B = 253

and HB = 3.887

Eq. (2-18)
Su = 0.23(253) 12.5 = 45.7 kpsi
su = 0.23(3.887) = 0.894 kpsi
2-17

. 45.52
uR =
= 34.5 in lbf/in3
2(30)

(a)

Ans.

Ans.

Ans.

(b)
P

L

0
1 000
2 000
3 000
4 000
7 000
8 400
8 800
9 200
9 100
13 200
15 200
17 000
16 400
14 800

0
0.0004
0.0006
0.0010
0.0013
0.0023
0.0028
0.0036
0.0089

0.1963
0.1924
0.1875
0.1563
0.1307
0.1077

A0 /A 1

0.012 291
0.032 811
0.059 802
0.271 355
0.520 373
0.845059

0
0.0002
0.0003
0.0005
0.000 65
0.001 15
0.0014
0.0018
0.004 45
0.012 291
0.032 811
0.059 802
0.271 355
0.520 373
0.845 059

= P/A0
0
5 032.39
10 064.78
15 097.17
20 129.55
35 226.72
42 272.06
44 285.02
46 297.97
45 794.73
66 427.53
76 492.30
85 550.60
82 531.17
74 479.35

budynas_SM_ch02.qxd

12

11/22/2006

16:28

FIRST PAGES

Page 12

Solutions Manual Instructors Solution Manual to Accompany Mechanical Engineering Design


90000
80000
70000
60000
50000
40000
30000
20000
10000
0

0.2

0.4
All data points

0.6

0.8


50000
45000
40000
35000
30000
25000
20000
A1

15000

A2

10000
5000
0

0.001

0.002
0.003
First 9 data points

0.004

0.005


90000
80000
70000
60000
50000
40000

A4

A5

30000
20000
A3
10000
0

0.2

0.4
0.6
Last 6 data points

0.8

5
1
. 
uT =
Ai = (43 000)(0.001 5) + 45 000(0.004 45 0.001 5)
2
i=1
1
+ (45 000 + 76 500)(0.059 8 0.004 45)
2
+ 81 000(0.4 0.059 8) + 80 000(0.845 0.4)

.
= 66.7(103 )in lbf/in3

Ans.

budynas_SM_ch02.qxd

11/22/2006

16:28

FIRST PAGES

Page 13

Chapter 2

2-18

13

m = Al
For stiffness, k = AE/l, or, A = kl/E.
Thus, m = kl 2 /E, and, M = E/. Therefore, = 1
From Fig. 2-16, ductile materials include Steel, Titanium, Molybdenum, Aluminum, and
Composites.
For strength, S = F/A, or, A = F/S.
Thus, m = Fl /S, and, M = S/.
From Fig. 2-19, lines parallel to S/ give for ductile materials, Steel, Nickel, Titanium, and
composites.
Common to both stiffness and strength are Steel, Titanium, Aluminum, and
Composites. Ans.