Professional Documents
Culture Documents
1. Da vo tiu ch no xc nh k hn n khon
vay ca khch hng
- c im chu k hot ng kinh doanh ca khch hng v i tng
vay vn. Thng thng thi hn cho vay c xc nh cn c vo
di thi gian chu k hot ng ca khch hng. Tuy nhin thi hn cho
vay c th ngn hn chu k hot ng nu trong k hoch tr n c
cn i thm ngun tr n (t li nhun v cc ngun thu khc).
V d: Mt doanh nghip c thi gian mua chu bnh qun l 60 ngy,
thi gian d tr l 90 ngy, thi gian bn chu l 90 ngy, chu k ngn
qu s l 120 ngy, khi ngn hng cho vay vn lu ng, thi gian cho
vay ca ngn hng bng thi gian ca mt chu k ngn qu l 4 thng.
- Thi gian hon vn ca phng n sn xut, kinh doanh, d n u
t. Thi gian hon vn u t l khong thi gian hon tr vn u
t ban u bng cc khon li nhun v khu hao thu hi hng nm.
Do i tng vay vn tham gia vo qu trnh lun chuyn vn ca
phng n sn xut, kinh doanh, d n u t nn thi hn hon vn
l c s ngn hng xc nh thi hn cho vay ph hp, m bo thu
hi c vn (gc v li) khi n hn thanh ton.
- Kh nng tr n ca khch hng vay.
- Kh nng cn i ngun vn cho vay ca ngn hng.
Khi cn i ngun vn, cc ngn hng ch trng ti s cn i gia
ngun vn huy ng cho vay ca ngn hng v nhu cu vay vn
ca khch hng c v c cu ngun vn theo k hn v loi tin s
dng trong giao dch.
- Thi hn hot ng cn li ca doanh nghip
- S tc ng ca cc nhn t nh cng tc qun tr ngn hng, o
c ngh nghip ca cn b tn dng v ca khch hng.
hng cho vay. Tuy nhin, khi khon n qu hn, ngn hng cho vay yu
cu x l s tit kim thu hi n th ngn hng pht hnh cho bit,
x l s tit kim thu hi mt khon n khc m khch hng
n chnh ngn hng pht hnh. Trng hp ny ny sinh tranh chp
gia ngn hng pht hnh v ngn hng cho vay, do trch nhim c
th ca vic xc nhn phong ta ny khng c php lut quy nh,
nn v c bn, ngn hng pht hnh khng c trch nhim tr s tin
trong s tit kim, hp ng tin gi cho ngn hng cho vay, v
cui cng ngn hng cho vay vn phi gnh chu ri ro. Nhiu trng
hp, s tit kim c cm c, song tin vn b rt ra v ch n khi
x l ti sn bo m th ngn hng cho vay mi bit c khch hng
vay vn lm th tc xin cp li s tit kim ti ngn hng pht hnh
vi l do b mt v ngn hng pht hnh cp li s cho khch
hng. Khi ngn hng cho vay cn phi x l ti sn bo m th khch
hng rt ht tin trong s tit kim.
Khi nhn ti sn bo m l cc loi chng khon, ngn hng c nguy
c gp ri ro trong hot ng chng khon khi khch hng khng chp
hnh ng lut kinh doanh chng khon, gian ln trong vic mua bn
giy t c gi (mua bn khng), qun l ca nh nc trong kinh doanh
chng khon.
Ri ro trong khu qun l ti sn, m bo kho qu khng c an
ton, iu kin tiu chun, cn b qun l ti sn v giy t c gi.
Cn b ngn hng khng c k nng nghip v nhn bit chng khon
gi, khng thng xuyn nh gi, theo di bin ng gi ca gi trn
sn chng khon, iu ny lm cho ngn hng khng kp thi a ra
phng n x l khi cc loi giy t c gi b mt gi. V d, ngn hng
X pht hnh 1000 c phiu trn th trng chng khon thng qua
cng ty chng khon AB, khch hng H mua 500 s c phiu ny thng