Cell Division

Meiosis

By: K. Ingemunson

Review Mitosis
Nuclear division involving
replication and division of
chromosomes.
New cell contains complete
set of chromosomes. (Two
copies of genetic info)
Results in DIPLOID cells
(chromosomes occur in
pairs)

Fertilization
BODY CELL: full
number of chromosomes
(two copies = diploid)
SEX CELL: half the
number of chromosomes
(one copy = haploid)
FERTILIZATION: we
get genes from each of
our parents

Diploid Cells
Chromosomes in
early interphase
(actually chromatin)

Chromosomes after
replication (ready for
mitosis)

Both are
Diploid

Homologous
Pairs

Diploid Cells cont.

All cells in the
body except
sex cells are
diploid.

Sex Cells
Germ Cells
Only contain one copy of
genetic information
Have one chromosome
of each pair or half that
of diploid cells.
Haploid (N) state.

# of Cells
Total
Chromosomes
in a diploid
cell

# of
Total
homologous chromosomes
pairs in a
in haploid
diploid cell
cell

HUMAN

46

23

23

CAT

36

18

18

Why is Haploid Important?

If diploid cells are fertilized
+
2N

2N

4N

Chromosome will keep doubling!!

Why is Haploid Important?

If haploid cells are fertilized
+
N

2N

Like all cells of the body!!

Sexual Reproduction
Reproductive process in which haploid sex
cells (gametes) fuse to produce a diploid
fertilized egg (zygote)

MEIOSIS
Meiosis I
Meiosis II

Cell division that

reduces the number
of chromosomes in
half
Occurs in sex cells
(germ cells)
Two Divisions
MEIOSIS I
MEIOSIS II

Prophase I
Chromosomes form
Nuclear membrane and
nucleolus disappear
Synapsis homologous
chromosomes pair up
Crossing Over
exchange of DNA
creates variability

Metaphase I
Homologous
chromosome line
up at the equator

Anaphase/Telophase I
ANAPHASE I:
Homologous chromosomes
separate and move to
opposite poles
Cell becoming Haploid
TELOPHASE I:
Cell membrane pinches in

Interphase????

Prophase II
Cells are
haploid
Cells get
ready to
divide again.

Metaphase II
Chromosomes
align at the
equator
Looks like mitosis
(except cells are
haploid)

Anaphase/Telophase II
ANAPHASE II:
Sister chromatids move to opposite poles
TELOPHASE II:
Cell membrane
pinches in
Nuclear membrane
reappears.

Resulting Sex Cells

Four HAPLOID
sex cells are
produced.

MEIOSIS