Tuesday January 19, 2021

HW: Read pages 393 - 397

Answer questions 1 – 4 on page 399. **SURVEY?

Today’s objective: compare and contrast somatic cells and

gametes.

BW:
1. If a cell has 46 chromosomes before mitosis, how many
chromos will each cell have after mitosis?
2. List the phases of mitosis.
3. Where does your DNA come from?
Where do our eye
color, hair color
and whether or
not we have curly
or straight hair
come from?

They come from

our parent’s DNA
 Why are you the way you are?

Genes= DNA passed from

parent to offspring that
determine your traits

Environment = all of
the things and events
that occur around you
 So, how are genes inherited?
Reproduction = process by which organisms
replicate themselves.
-Asexual reproduction
-Sexual reproduction
 Asexual reproduction

• Formation of a new individual from

cells of the parent, does not involve
the fusion of gametes or change in the
number of chromosomes.
– Offspring produced by 1 parent
– Offspring genetically identical to
parent
 Sexual Reproduction
The chromosomes of one parent are combined with
that of the other parent to produce a genetically
unique offspring.
In order to form a baby, parents need to
contribute 1 cell each!

+
 Gamete Cells
• Gametes = sex cells (sperm/egg); always haploid

• Haploid = HALF the amount of DNA (abbreviation=1N)

• Why is DNA in gametes halved??

Sperm = sex cell = gamete = haploid cell (1N)

Egg = sex cell = gamete = haploid cell (1N)
• In the last unit, we talked about the formation of gametes
– Gametes are haploid (carry only one set of chromosomes)
– Gametes fuse to form a zygote, which is diploid (carries two sets of each
chromosome)
– Zygotes develop through the process of mitosis
• Therefore, in each of your somatic cells, you inherited 2 complete sets
of chromosomes
– One set is inherited from your mother—half of your genes are from mom
– The other set is inherited from your father—half of your genes are from dad
 +
Egg
 Gamete Cells
• Gametes = sex cells (sperm/egg); always haploid

• Haploid = HALF the amount of DNA (abbreviation=1N)

• Why is DNA in gametes halved??

Sperm = sex cell = gamete = haploid cell (1N)

Egg = sex cell = gamete = haploid cell (1N)
• Sex cells contain half the diploid
number. These are called haploid
gametes.
If ONLY gametes are haploid, then what about all the other
cells????
• Body cells are diploid. These are called
Somatic cells.
 Somatic Cells
• Somatic cells: body cells (muscle, liver, heart, etc.)
– always diploid

• Diploid: cells with the a full set of DNA

– 2 copies of each chromosome (abbreviation=2N)

• Body cell: somatic = diploid cell (2N)

So, if haploid cells have ½ the genetic material of a
diploid cell…
twice the amount of
Then a diploid cell has _______
genetic material as a haploid cell.

Haploid = Gametes Diploid = Somatic Cells

Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes (46
total) in each body cell (AKA - somatic cell)
 Corn example
• Consider a corn
plant cell with 10
pairs of
chromosomes.
• The diploid number
for corn is 20.
• What is the haploid #????
 Quick Review
Bean somatic cells have 22
chromosomes. How many
chromosomes are in their gametes?
Fruit fly gametes have 4 chromosomes.
How many chromosomes are in their
somatic cells?

Dogs have a diploid number of 78

chromosomes. How many chromosomes
are in their skin cells?
How many chromosomes are in dogs’ sperm or eggs?
 Compare and contrast
gametes and somatic cells
Gametes Somatic cells

Both

-have same genetic code

-come from zygote