ITU/BDT Arab Regional Workshop on 4G Wireless Systems - Tunisia 2010

ITU/BDTArab
ITU/BDT
Arab Regional Workshopon
Workshop on
4GWirelessSystems
LTETechnology
Session5:LTETechnology Perofrmance
Evaluation
Speakers

M.Lazhar BELHOUCHET
M Hakim EBDELLI
M.HakimEBDELLI

Date

27 29January 2010

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ITU/BDT Arab Regional Workshop on 4G Wireless Systems - Tunisia 2010

Agenda

FrequencyBandsandTypicaldeploymentareas
Layer1PeakBitRates
TerminalCategories
ReferenceSensitivity
LinkBudgets
Propagationmodel
Uplink link budget
Uplinklinkbudget
Downlinklinkbudgets
ComparisonbetweenGSM/HSPA/LTE
Latency
LTERefarmingtoGSMSpectrum
CapacityDimensioning
i
i
i i
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ITU/BDT Arab Regional Workshop on 4G Wireless Systems - Tunisia 2010

Introduction
Performanceevaluation:LTEcapabilitiesfromtheendusers
p
p
andfromtheoperatorspointofview
Theoperatorisinterestedinthenetworkefficiency:
howmanycustomerscanbeserved,
howmuchdatacanbeprovidedandhowmanybasestationsitesare
required.

Theenduserapplicationperformancedependson:
Th
d
li i
f
d
d
availablebitrate,
latencyand
latency and
seamlessmobility

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ITU/BDT Arab Regional Workshop on 4G Wireless Systems - Tunisia 2010

FrequencyBands

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ITU/BDT Arab Regional Workshop on 4G Wireless Systems - Tunisia 2010

FrequencyBands:Typicaldeploymentareas
Europe:

Band7:The2.6GHzauctionshavebeenrunninginafewcountriesduring2007and
2008,andcontinueduring2009/2010.
Band8:iscurrentlyusedmostlybyGSM.Thebandisattractivefromacoverage
pointofviewduetothelowerpropagationlosses.ThebandcanbereusedforLTE
orforHSPA.
Band3:isalsousedbyGSM,butinmanycasesBand3isnotasheavilyusedby
GSMasBand8.ThatmakesrefarmingforLTEsimpler.

Digitaldividend
USA:Bands4,12,13,14and17.Bands2and5canbeusedforLTErefarming.
Japan:Bands1,9,11and18.
LTEdeploymentsgloballywilluseseveraldifferentfrequencybandsfromthe
start.

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ITU/BDT Arab Regional Workshop on 4G Wireless Systems - Tunisia 2010

LTE Technology Perofrmance Evaluation

LTETechnology

PERFORMANCEEVALUATION

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ITU/BDT Arab Regional Workshop on 4G Wireless Systems - Tunisia 2010

Layer1PeakBitRates
Peak bit rate [ Mb / s ] =

Number of symbols per SubFrame bits

*(
) * Number of SubCarriers
1 ms
Hz

controlandreferencesignaloverheads:
PDCCH:takesonesymboloutof14symbols.ThatistheminimumpossiblePDCCH
allocation The resulting control overhead is 7 1% ( = 1/14)
allocation.Theresultingcontroloverheadis7.1%(=1/14).
DownlinkReferenceSignals(RS)dependontheantennaconfiguration:Single
streamtransmissionuses2RSoutof14inevery3rdsubcarrier,2 2MIMO4
symbols and 4 4MIMO6symbols.Theoverheadvariesbetween4.8%and14.3%.
symbolsand4
4 MIMO 6 symbols The overhead varies between 4 8% and 14 3%
OtherdownlinksymbolsOverhead:synchronizationsignal,PBCH,PCFICH,andone
groupofPHICH.TheoverheaddependsontheBWrangingfrombelow1%at20
MHz to approximately 9% at 1 4 MHz
MHztoapproximately9%at1.4MHz.
Uplinkreferencesignalstake1symboloutof7symbolsresultinginanoverheadof
14.3%=1/7.

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Layer1PeakBitRates Cont.
BWRB/Subcarriers
Modulation Bits// MIMOusage 1.4MHz
andcoding symbol
6/72

3.0MHz
15/180

5.0MHz
25/300

10MHz
50/600

15MHz
75/900

20MHz
100/1200

QPSK1/2

Singlestream

0.9

2.2

3.6

7.2

10.8

14.4

16QAM1/2

Singlestream

1.7

4.3

7.2

14.4

21.6

28.8

16QAM3/4

Singlestream

2.6

6.5

10.8

21.6

32.4

43.2

64QAM3/4

4.5

Singlestream

3.9

9.7

16.2

32.4

48.6

64.8

64QAM1/1

Singlestream

5.2

13.0

21.6

43.2

64.8

86.4

64QAM3/4

2 2MIMO

7.8

19.4

32.4

64.8

97.2

129.6

64QAM1/1
Q
/

12

2 2MIMO

10.4

25.9

43.2

86.4

129.6

172.8

64QAM1/1

24

4 4MIMO

20.7

51.8

86.4

172.8

259.2

345.6

Downlink p
peak bit rates ((Mbps)
p )
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Layer1PeakBitRates Cont.
BWRB/Subcarriers
Modulation
andcoding

Bits/
MIMOusage
MIMO
usage 1.4MHz
1 4 MHz 3
3.0MHz
0 MHz 5.0MHz
5 0 MHz 10
10MHz
MHz 15MHz
15 MHz 20MHz
20 MHz
symbol
6/72
15/180 25/300 50/600 75/900 100/1200

QPSK1/2

Singlestream

0.9

2.2

3.6

7.2

10.8

14.4

16QAM1/2

Singlestream

1.7

4.3

7.2

14.4

21.6

28.8

16QAM3/4

Singlestream

2.6

6.5

10.8

21.6

32.4

43.2

16QAM 1/1
16QAM1/1

Single stream
Singlestream

35
3.5

86
8.6

14 4
14.4

28 8
28.8

43 2
43.2

57 6
57.6

64QAM3/4

4.5

Singlestream

3.9

9.7

16.2

32.4

48.6

64.8

64QAM1/1

Singlestream

5.2

13.0

21.6

43.2

64.8

86.4

Uplink peak bit rates (Mbps)

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TerminalCategories
Category1 Category2 Category3 Category4 Category5

10

Peak ratedownlink (approximately)

10Mbps

50Mbps 100Mbps 150Mbps 300Mbps

Peak rateuplink (approximately)

5Mbps

25Mbps

50Mbps

50Mbps

75Mbps

MaxbitsreceivedwithinTTI

10296

51024

102048

149776

299552

MaxbitstransmittedwithinTTI

5160

25456

51024

51024

75376

RFbandwidth

20MHz

20MHz

20MHz

20MHz

20MHz

Modulation downlink
Modulationdownlink

64QAM

64QAM

64QAM

64QAM

64QAM

Modulationuplink

16QAM

16QAM

16QAM

16QAM

64QAM

Receiverdiversity

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

MIMOdownlink

Optional

2 2

2 2

2 2

4 4

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ReferenceSensitivity
Thereferencesensitivity
levelistheminimummean
receivedsignalstrength
appliedtoantennaportsat
whichthereissufficientSINR
forthespecifiedmodulation
scheme to meet a minimum
schemetomeetaminimum
throughputrequirementof
95%ofthemaximum
possible.

kTB:thermalnoiselevel,inunitsof
dBm,inthespecifiedbandwidth(B),
NF:noisefigureforthereceiver,
SINRisthesignaltointerferenceplus
noise requirement for the chosen
noiserequirementforthechosen
modulationandcodingscheme,
IMistheimplementationmargin
3dBrepresentsthediversitygain.

Re fSens = KTB + NF + SINR + IM 3(dBm)

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ReferenceSensitivity
EUTRAreferencesensitivity
70.00
75.00
80.00

dBm

85.00
90.00
95.00
100.00
105.00
110.00
1.4

10

15

20

BandWidth [MHz]
BandWidth[MHz]

12

QPSK1/8

QPSK1/5

QPSK1/4

QPSK1/3

QPSK1/2

QPSK2/3

QPSK3/4

QPSK4/5

16QAM1/2

16QAM2/3

16QAM3/4
Q
/

16QAM4/5
Q
/

64QAM2/3
Q
/

64QAM3/4
Q
/

64QAM4/5
Q
/

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LinkBudgets
Thelinkbudgetcalculationsestimatethemaximumallowed
g
signalattenuationbetweenthemobileandthebasestation
antenna.Themaximumpathlossallowsthemaximumcell
rangetobeestimatedwithasuitablepropagationmodel.
Thecellrangegivesthenumberofbasestationsitesrequired
tocoverthetargetgeographicalarea.

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LinkBudgets Propagationmodel
Apropagationmodeldescribestheaveragesignal
p p g
propagation,anditconvertsthemaximumallowed
,
propagationlosstothemaximumcellrange.
Itdependson:

Environment:urban,rural,denseurban,suburban,open,forest,sea
Distance
Frequency
atmosphericconditions
Indoor/outdoor

Examples:Freespace,WalfishIkegami,OkumuraHata,
g y
,
,
g
LongleyRice,Lee,Young
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LinkBudgets PropagationmodelCont.
HataModelforUrbanAreas:
Lu = 69.55 + 26.16 * log( f ) 13.82 * log(hB ) C H + [44.9 6.55 * log(hB )] * log(d )

Forsmallormediumsizedcity,
C H = 0.8 + (1.1* log( f ) 0.7) * hM 1.56 * log( f )

Forlargecities,
8.29 * (log(1.54 *h M ))2 1.1, if 150 f 200
CH =
3.2 * (log(11.75 * hM ))2 4.97, if 200 p f 1500
Parameters
Lu
hB
hM

15

Unit
dB
m
m

Significance
PathlossinUrbanAreas
HeightofbasestationAntenna
HeightofmobilestationAntenna

Parameters
f
CH
d

Unit
MHz
dB
km

LTETechnologyPerofrmanceEvaluation

Significance
FrequencyofTransmission
Antenna heightcorrectionfactor
DistancebetweenBasestationandMS

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ITU/BDT Arab Regional Workshop on 4G Wireless Systems - Tunisia 2010

LinkBudgets PropagationmodelCont.
Coverageevaluationwillbebasedonthethe
Ok
OkumuraHatapropagationmodelwiththe
H t
ti
d l ith th
parametersshownbelow:
Basestationantennaheight(m)
Mobileantennaheight(m)
Mobileantennagain(dBi)
Slowfadingstandarddeviation(dB)
Locationprobability
Correctionfactor(dB)
( )
Indoorloss(dB)
Slowfadingmargin(dB)

16

Urban indoor Suburban indoor

30
50
1.5
1.5
0
0
8
8
95%
95%
0
5
20
15
8.8
8.8

LTETechnologyPerofrmanceEvaluation

Rural outdoor
80
1.5
0
8
95%
15
0
8.8

Rural outdoor fixed

80
5
0
8
95%
15
0
8.8

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ITU/BDT Arab Regional Workshop on 4G Wireless Systems - Tunisia 2010

Uplinklinkbudgets
Datarate(kbps)
Transmitter UE
a Maxtxpower(dBm)
(
)
b Txantennagain(dBi)
c Bodyloss(dB)
d EIRP(dBm)
Receiver BTS/NodeB/eNB
e NodeBnoisefigure(dB)
f Thermalnoise(dB)
g Receivernoise(dBm)
(
)
h SINR(dB)
i Receiver sensitivity
j Interferencemargin(dB)
k Cableloss(dB)
Cable loss (dB)
l Rxantennagain(dBi)
m Fast fademargin (dB)
n Softhandovergain(dB)
M i
Maximumpathloss
th l
17

GSMvoice
12.2

HSPA
64

LTE
64

33
0
3
30

23
0
0
23

23
0
0
23

114
0
0
18
0
0
162

2
108.2
106.2
17.3
123.4
3
0
18
1.8
2
161 6
161.6

2
118.4
116.4
7
123.4
1
0
18
0
0
163 4
163.4

LTETechnologyPerofrmanceEvaluation

Source :
LTE for UMTS
OFDMA and SC-FDMA
Based Radio Access
Harri Holma and Antti Toskala

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ITU/BDT Arab Regional Workshop on 4G Wireless Systems - Tunisia 2010

Downlinklinkbudgets
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
i
j
k
l
m

18

Downlink
Datarate(kbps)
Transmitter Node B
Txpower(dBm)
Txantennagain(dBi)
Cableloss(dB)
EIRP (dBm)
EIRP(dBm)
Receiver UE
UEnoisefigure(dB)
Thermalnoise(dB)
Receivernoisefloor(dBm)
SINR(dB)
Receiversensitivity(dBm)
Interferencemargin(dB)
g ( )
Controlchanneloverhead(%)
Rxantennagain(dBi)
Bodyloss(dB)
M i
Maximumpathloss
th l

GSMvoice
12.2

HSPA
1024

LTE
1024

44.5
18
2
60 5
60.5

46
18
2
62

46
18
2
62

119.7

104
0
0
0
3
161 5
161.5

7
108.2
101.2
5.2
106.4
4
20
0
0
163 4
163.4

7
104.5
97.5
9
106.5
4
20
0
0
163 5
163.5

LTETechnologyPerofrmanceEvaluation

Source :
LTE for UMTS
OFDMA and SC-FDMA
Based Radio Access
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ITU/BDT Arab Regional Workshop on 4G Wireless Systems - Tunisia 2010

LinkbudgetsComparisonGSM/HSPA/LTE
MaximumpathlossvaluesforGSMvoiceandHSPAandLTEdata
180
175
170
165
dB 160
155
150
145
140
GSMvoice

HSPA1Mbps/64kbps
Uplink

19

LTE1Mbps/64kbps

Downlink

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LinkbudgetsComparisonGSM/HSPA/LTE
TheLTElinkbudgetindownlinkhasseveralsimilaritieswithHSPAandthe
maximumpathlossissimilar.
Theuplinkparthassomedifferences:smallerinterferencemargininLTE,nomacro
h
l k
h
d ff
ll
f
diversitygaininLTEandnofastfadingmargininLTE.
ThelinkbudgetsshowthatLTEcanbedeployedusingexistingGSMandHSPAsites
assumingthatthesamefrequencyisusedforLTEasforGSMandHSPA.
LTEitselfdoesnotprovideanymajorboostinthecoverage.Thatisbecausethe
transmissionpowerlevelsandtheRFnoisefiguresarealsosimilarinGSMand
HSPAtechnologies,andthelinkperformanceatlowdataratesisnotmuch
differentinLTEthaninHSPA.
Thelinkbudgetwascalculatedfor64kbpsuplink,whichislikelynotahighenough
dataratefortruebroadbandservice.Ifwewanttoguaranteehigherdataratesin
LTE,wemayneedlowfrequencydeployment,additionalsites,activeantenna
solutionsorlocalareasolutions.

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CellrangeComparison

21

CellrangeswithOkumuraHata
propagation model
propagationmodel
100

10
Km

Theurbancellrangevariesfrom
0.6kmto1.4kmandsuburban
from1.5kmto3.4km.
Suchcellrangesarealsotypically
foundinexistingGSMandUMTS
g
networks.
Theruralcaseshowsclearly
higher cell ranges: 26 km for the
highercellranges:26kmforthe
outdoormobilecoverageand
evenupto50kmfortherural
f d
fixedinstallationat900MHz.
ll

0.1
900MHz

1800MHz

2100MHz

Urbanindoor

Suburbanindoor

Ruraloutdoor

Ruraloutdoorfixed

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2600MHz

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Differencebetween900MHzand2600MHz
Urban

Rural

Ruralfixed
wireless

+14dB

+14dB

+14dB

BTS antenna gain

BTSantenna

3
3dB
dB (2)

0 dBc
0dBc

0 dB (3)
0dB

BTScable loss (4)

+1dB

+3dB

+3dB

Propagationloss (1)

UEantenna gain

5dB (5) 5dB (5)

0dB (6)

UEsensitivity (7)

1dB

1dB

1dB

Total

+6dB

+11dB

+16dB

22

1:AccordingtoOkumuraHata.
2:Shared1.3mantennafor
900/2600giving15and18dBi
/
d d
gainat900vs2600MHz.
3:2.5mantennagiving18dBigainat
900MHz.
4:Cable1/2.Urban30mandrural
100m.
5:Basedon3GPPRAN4
contributions.
6:Externalfixedantennaassumed.
7:UEsensitivitycanbeupto3dB
worseat900MHzbutthe
difference in practice is less.
differenceinpracticeisless.

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CellrangeLimitation
Theearthscurvaturelimitsthemaximumcellrangeto
pp
y
g
approximately40kmwithan80mhighbasestationantenna
assumingthattheterminalisatgroundlevel.
ThemaximumcellrangecanbecalculatedwithEquation
below
Toachieve100kmcellrange,therequiredantennaheightis
580m!!!
R = 8650 km
(Effective earth radius for
radio propagation is
4/3 larger than real radius)

23

R 2 + d 2 = ( R + h) 2
h = R2 + d 2 R

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Latency
Userplanelatencyisrelevantfortheperformanceofmany
pp
applications.
Thereareseveralapplicationsthatdonotrequireaveryhigh
datarate,buttheydorequireverylowlatency:voice,real
timegaming,interactiveapplications.

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Latency:Endtoenddelaybudget
Delaycomponent
Transmissiontimeuplink +
downlink
Bufferingtime(0.5
transmissiontime)

2ms

Retransmissions10%

2 0.1 8ms=1.6ms

Uplink scheduling request

0.5 5ms=2.5ms

Uplink scheduling grant

4ms

UE d l
UEdelayestimated
i
d

4
4ms

eNodeBdelayestimated

4ms

Corenetwork
Totaldelaywithpreallocated
ld l
h
ll
d
resources
Totaldelaywithscheduling

1ms

25

Delayvalue

2 0.5 1ms=1ms

13.6ms
20.1ms

Onaverage,thepacketneedstowait
for0.5msforthestartofthenext
frame
frame.
Theretransmissionstake8msatbest
theassumedretransmission
probabilityis10%.
Theaveragedelayforsendingthe
scheduling request is 2 5 ms
schedulingrequestis2.5ms
Schedulinggrant:4ms.
UEprocessingdelay:4ms,
p
g
y
,
eNodeB processingdelay:4ms
corenetworkdelay:1ms.

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Endtoendroundtriptimeincludingschedulinglatency
LTEroundtriptime
25

20
Core
eNB

15

UE
Uplinkschedulinggrant
Uplink scheduling request
Uplinkschedulingrequest

10

Retransmissions
Bufferingtime
Transmissiontime

0
Delayvalue

26

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LTERefarmingtoGSMSpectrum
LTEcouldbedeployedintheexistingGSMspectrum
like 900 MHz or 1800 MHz
like900MHzor1800MHz.
TheflexibleLTEbandwidthmakesrefarmingeasier
th
thanwithWCDMAbecauseLTEcanstartwith1.4
ith WCDMA b
LTE
t t ith 1 4
MHzor3.0MHzbandwidthsandthengrowlater
whentheGSMtraffichasdecreased.
h th GSM t ffi h d
d

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LTErefarmingtoGSMspectrum Example

28

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DimensioningCapacity Trafficvolumebasedapproach

29

Thebusyhourisassumedtocarry
15%ofthedailytraffic
thebusyhouraverageloadingis50%.
h b
h
l d
Thecalculationshowsthatthetotal
sitethroughputpermonthis4600
GB.
Tooffer5GBdataforevery
subscriberpermonth,thenumberof
subscriberspersitewillbe920.

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ITU/BDT Arab Regional Workshop on 4G Wireless Systems - Tunisia 2010

DimensioningCapacity Dataratebasedapproach

30

Target:1Mbpspersubscriber.
Sinceonlysomeofthe
subscribersaredownloadingdata
simultaneously,wecanapplyan
overbookingfactor,forexample
g
,
p
20.
Itmeansthattheaveragebusy
hour data rate is 50 kbps per
hourdatarateis50kbpsper
subscriber.
Thenumberofsubscribersper
siteusingthisapproachis1050.

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ITU/BDT Arab Regional Workshop on 4G Wireless Systems - Tunisia 2010

Thanks foryour
for your Attention

31

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LTE Technology Perofrmance Evaluation

LTETechnology

ANNEXES

32

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ITU/BDT Arab Regional Workshop on 4G Wireless Systems - Tunisia 2010

ULlinkbudgetparametersforLTE Parameters1

R f LTE for
Ref.
f UMTS OFDMA and
d SC
SC-FDMA
FDMA Based
B
d Radio
R di Access
A
Harri Holma and Antti Toskala
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ITU/BDT Arab Regional Workshop on 4G Wireless Systems - Tunisia 2010

ULlinkbudgetparametersforLTE Parameters2

R f LTE for
Ref.
f UMTS OFDMA and
d SC
SC-FDMA
FDMA Based
B
d Radio
R di Access
A
Harri Holma and Antti Toskala
34

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ITU/BDT Arab Regional Workshop on 4G Wireless Systems - Tunisia 2010

ULlinkbudgetparametersforLTE Parameters3

R f LTE for
Ref.
f UMTS OFDMA and
d SC
SC-FDMA
FDMA Based
B
d Radio
R di Access
A
Harri Holma and Antti Toskala
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ITU/BDT Arab Regional Workshop on 4G Wireless Systems - Tunisia 2010

DLlinkbudgetparametersforLTE Parameters1

R f LTE for
Ref.
f UMTS OFDMA and
d SC
SC-FDMA
FDMA Based
B
d Radio
R di Access
A
Harri Holma and Antti Toskala
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ITU/BDT Arab Regional Workshop on 4G Wireless Systems - Tunisia 2010

DLlinkbudgetparametersforLTE Parameters2

R f LTE for
Ref.
f UMTS OFDMA and
d SC
SC-FDMA
FDMA Based
B
d Radio
R di Access
A
Harri Holma and Antti Toskala
37

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