NOTA RINGKAS KIMIA

ditujukan khas untuk junior ert form 5 this year

topic ~ carbon compound (fav spm) bab 2 form 5
alkane
- CnH2n + 2 (n = 1,2,3,....)
alkene
- CnH2n
(n = 2,3,4,....)
alchohol - CnH2n + 1 OH (n = 1,2,3,....)
carboxylic acid - CnH2n+1 COOH (n= 0,1,2,3...)
esters - CmH2M+1 C00H (m = 0,1,2,...) (n = 1,2,3...)
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WAJIB HAFAL
warna2 metal
Cu - brown
Cu0 - black
Zn0 - when hot : yellow , when cold : white
Mg0 - when hot : brown , when cold : yellow
Pb0 - when hot : brown , when cold : yellow
Fe2+ ~ pale green
Fe3+ ~ brown / pale yellow
* all metal shiny grey but/ except Cu !!!
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WAJIB TAU !
CATION
KALAU
NAK
KAWIN
MESTI
ADA
ZAKAT
FITRAH
SUPAYA
PERKAHWINAN
HALAL
CUKUP
ASYIK

- K+ (POTASSIUM)
- Na+ (SODIUM)
- Ca2+ (CALCIUM)
- Mg2+ (MAGNESIUM)
- Al3+ (ALUMINIUM)
- Zn2+ (ZINC)
- Fe2+ (IRON)
- Sn2+ (TIN)
- Pb2+ (LEAD)
- H+ (HYDROGEN)
- Cu2+(COPPER)
- Ag+ (SILVER)

ANION
FAIZOL
SOLEH
NOK
CARI
BINI
ISTERI
ORG

- F- (FLUORINE)
- S04 2- (SULPHURIDE)
- N03 - (NITROGEN)
- Cl(CLORINE)
- BR- (BROMINE)
- I(I0DINE)
- 0H- (HYDROXIDE)

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--------------------BAB 7 - ACID N BASES FORM 4

ACID
WEAK ACID - CH3COOH
which ionises partially to form lower concentration of H+
STRONG ACID - H2SO4 , HCl , HNO3
which ionises completely to form higher concentration of H+
ACIDIC PROPERTIES
~ PH < 7
~ BLUE LITMUS PAPER TURNS RED
ACID + BASE ------> SALT + H20
ACID + METAL ----------> SALT + H20
ACID + CARBONATE ------------> SALT + H20 + C02
----------------------------------ALKALI
WEAK ALKALI- NH4+
which ionises partially to form lower concentration of 0HSTRONG ALKALI - KOH , NaOH
which ionises completely to form higher concentration of OH ALKALINE PROPERTIES
~ PH > 7
~ RED LITMUS TURNS BLUE
ALKALI + ACID ------------> SALT + H2O
ALKALI + METAL ION -----------------> METAL HYDROXIDE
ALKALI + AMMONIUM SALT --------------> SALT + H20 + NH3