Integration

1. Integration is reverse of differentiation. Given that

y=mx +c then dy = m
dx

y=mx +c

2. Integration divided into:

A) Indefinite Integral-no upper and lower limit

B) Definite Integral-contains upper and lower limit

dy
dx

must write constant C

no need to write constant C

3. How to integrate: same technique for definite and indefinite integral

a)

a )adx
5n
ax

b)
c)

Whereby
a and c
are
constants
Example
for
Formula
in (a)

Example
for
formula
in (b) and
(c)

h)


f
(
x

Integration of the expression:

Example: Integrate the following

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

Finding equation of curve from gradient function

dy
dx

Gradient function: i.e result of differentiation

For Example:
Example:

ym
Step 1: Integrating the gradient function

Step 2: Finding the constant C by substituting the given point or coordinate

Step 3: Rewrite the equation with the value of constant C

Sometime the question may ask to express y in term of x by giving the gradient
function
Students still have to follow the above steps to express y in term of x.

Take it as
coordinate or
point

For example:

Gradient
function
Step 1:

Step 2:

Step 3:

Solve the following questions:

1.

2.

3.

4.

Homework:
1.

6.

7.

8.

Integration by substitution
When to use this method

usually when the power of the expression is more than 2

where the expression cant be expanded

For example if y = ( x +2)2 one can expand the power and integrate each term separately.
If in the case the power is more than 2, i.e y= ( 2x + 1)3 it is not practical to expand the term
three times and then integrate each term separately.
By using the substitution one can solve the above expressions.

Solve the following using the above method:

1.
Substitution method

Formula method

2.
Substitution method
Formula method

Definite Integral
Example of definite Integral

Solve the following:

2.

Miscellaneous exercise involving definite integral:

1.
a.

b.

f (x

g
(x

c.
d.

Finding Area as Summation of Integration

Exercise on area

Finding Volume as Summation of Integration

Exercise on Volume

Enrichment exercise