A

PRESENTATION
ON
CURL
PREPARED BY:
KUNWAR AKASH SAXENA
BRANCH-EEE II ND YEAR
ROLL NO.-09MUBEEE028

DEFINITION OF CURL
The curl of any vector field A is an axial (or
rotational) vector whose magnitude is the
maximum circulation of A per unit area as the
area tends to zero and whose direction is the
normal direction of the area when the area is
oriented to make the circulation maximum.
i.e.,
where the area S is bounded by the curve L and
an is the unit vector normal to the surface S and
is determined by using the Right-Hand Rule.

Curl of a vector A can also be written as:

The curl of A in cylindrical coordinates is given

as:

The curl of A in spherical coordinates is given

as:

PROPERTIES OF CURL
The curl of a vector field is another vector

field.
(A + B) = A + B
(AB) = A(.B) - B(.A) + (B.)A (A.)B
(VA) = VA + VA
The divergence of the curl of a vector field vanishes,
i.e., .(A) = 0.
The curl of the gradient of a scalar field vanishes,
i.e., V = 0.
A vector field whose curl is zero is called irrotational.

STOKES THEOREM
Stokes theorem states that the circulation of
a vector field A around a (closed) path L is
equal to the surface integral of the curl of A
over the open surface S bounded by L,
provided A and A are continuous on S.

BIBLIOGRAPHY
Principles of Electromagnetics by Matthew

N.O. Sadiku.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curl_%28mathem
atics%29
Engineering Electromagnetics by W.H. Hayt &
J.A. Buck.

THANK YOU